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The split between Pharisaic/Rabbinic Judaism
Rabbinic Judaism

Rabbinic Judaism or Rabbinism is the mainstream religious system of post-Jewish diaspora Judaism. It evolved after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE by the Roman Empire, when it became impossible to practice the religious customs and Korban that were at that time central to Jewish observance....
 (the period of the Tannaim
Tannaim

The Tannaim were the Rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the Mishnah, from approximately 70-200 CE. The period of the Tannaim, also referred to as the Mishnaic period, lasted about 130 years....
) and Early Christianity
Early Christianity

Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus and the First Council of Nicaea ....
 is commonly attributed to the Destruction of the Second Temple in 70 or the postulated Council of Jamnia
Council of Jamnia

The Council of Jamnia or Council of Yavne is a hypothetical 1st century council at which it is postulated the Development of the Jewish Bible canon was defined....
 of 90 or the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132-135, but these are all simplifications of history.






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Giovanni Paolo Pannini 001
Giotto Scrovegni 32 Christ Before Caiaphas
The split between Pharisaic/Rabbinic Judaism
Rabbinic Judaism

Rabbinic Judaism or Rabbinism is the mainstream religious system of post-Jewish diaspora Judaism. It evolved after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE by the Roman Empire, when it became impossible to practice the religious customs and Korban that were at that time central to Jewish observance....
 (the period of the Tannaim
Tannaim

The Tannaim were the Rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the Mishnah, from approximately 70-200 CE. The period of the Tannaim, also referred to as the Mishnaic period, lasted about 130 years....
) and Early Christianity
Early Christianity

Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus and the First Council of Nicaea ....
 is commonly attributed to the Destruction of the Second Temple in 70 or the postulated Council of Jamnia
Council of Jamnia

The Council of Jamnia or Council of Yavne is a hypothetical 1st century council at which it is postulated the Development of the Jewish Bible canon was defined....
 of 90 or the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132-135, but these are all simplifications of history. Various events contributed to or marked the widening split between Christianity and Judaism. The following is a listing of these events in rough historical order:

List of events marking changes in the relations between Christians and Jews in early Christianity


First century


Claims by the bible lacking external verification
  • John the Baptist
    John the Baptist

    John the Baptist was a mission preacher and a major religious figure who led a movement of baptism at the Jordan River in expectation of a divine apocalypse that would restore occupied Israel....
    , considered the "forerunner of Christ", is beheaded by Herod Antipas
    Beheading of St. John the Baptist

    The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist is a holy day observed by various Christian churches which follow Christian liturgy. The day commemorates the martyrdom of Saint John the Baptist....
    , c 30
  • actions of Jesus "cleansing the temple"
    Jesus and the Money Changers

    The narrative of Jesus and the Money Changers occurs in both the Synoptic Gospels and in the Gospel of John, although it occurs close to the end of the Synoptic Gospels but close to the start in John and as a result some biblical scholars think there may have been two incidents....
     and trial by Sanhedrin
    Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus

    The Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus is an event reported by all the Biblical canon Gospels of the Bible. These accounts report that after Jesus Christ and his followers celebrated Passover as their Last Supper, Jesus was betrayed by his Twelve apostles Judas Iscariot, and Arrest of Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane ....
     according to the Gospels, both actions widely considered to have some historical basis
    Historical Jesus

    The historical Jesus is the figure of the first-century Jesus of Nazareth as reconstructed by scholars using historical methods that include biblical criticism analysis of gospel texts as the primary source for his biography, and non-biblical sources for the Cultural and historical background of Jesus in which he lived....
    , thus c 30-33, see also Rejection of Jesus
    Rejection of Jesus

    Jesus was and continues to be rejected by the Jewish people as a failed Jewish Messiah claimants. The Synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John also record some rejection of Jesus in the course of his Ministry of Jesus....
    .
  • James the Just
    James the Just

    Saint James the Just , , also known as James of Jerusalem, James Adelphotheos, James, the Brother of the Lord, was an important figure in Early Christianity....
     (brother of Jesus) becomes the leader of this Jewish Christian sect
  • Peter's
    Saint Peter

    Saint Peter was a leader of the early Christianity church, who features prominently in the New Testament Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles....
     speech at the Jerusalem Temple
    Herod's Temple

    Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was a massive expansion of the Temple Mount and construction of a completely new and much larger Jewish Temple by King Herod the Great around 19 BCE....
     accusing the Israelites of killing Jesus according to , c 34, see also Responsibility for the death of Jesus
  • Stephen
    Saint Stephen

    Saint Stephen , known as the Protomartyr of Christianity, is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches....
     before a Sanhedrin
    Sanhedrin

    The Sanhedrin was an assembly of twenty-three judges appointed in every city in the Land of Israel.The Great Sanhedrin was the supreme court of ancient Israel....
    , his speech and stoning
    Stoning

    Stoning, or lapidation, refers to a form of capital punishment whereby an organized group throws stones at the convicted individual until the person dies....
     according to , c 35
  • Baptism
    Baptism

    In Christianity, baptism is the ritual act, with the use of water, by which one is admitted as a full member of the Christian Church and, in the view of some, as a member of the particular Church in which the baptism is administered....
     of Cornelius the Centurion by Peter according to , traditionally considered the first gentile convert to Christianity
  • martyrdom
    Martyrology

    A martyrology is a catalogue or list of martyrs , arranged in the calendar order of their anniversaries or feasts. Local martyrologies record exclusively the custom of a particular Church....
     of James, son of Zebedee by Agrippa I
    Agrippa I

    Agrippa I also called the Great , King of the Jews, was the grandson of Herod the Great, and son of Aristobulus IV and Berenice . His original name was Marcus Julius Agrippa, and he is the king named Herod in the Acts of the Apostles, in the Bible, "Herod " ....
     according to , c 44
  • Paul's proselytization of gentiles as "Apostle to the Gentiles" (see also Proselyte
    Proselyte

    Proselyte, from the Koine Greek p??s???t??/proselytos, is used in the Septuagint for "stranger", i.e. a "newcomer to Israel"; a "sojourner in the land", and in the New Testament for a Conversion to Judaism from Ancient Greek religion....
    s and Godfearers
    Godfearers

    Godfearers are non-Jews who attached themselves in varying degrees to Judaism without becoming full-blown proselytes referred to in the biblical Book of Acts....
    ), 1st mission c 45
  • "Incident at Antioch" where Paul accused Peter of Judaizing, but even Barnabas
    Barnabas

    Saint Barnabas , born Joseph, was an early Christianity convert, one of the earliest disciples in Jerusalem. Like almost all Christians at the time, Barnabas was Jewish, specifically a Levite....
     sided with Peter, c 49
  • Council of Jerusalem
    Council of Jerusalem

    The Council of Jerusalem is a name applied subsequently to a meeting described in Acts of the Apostles chapter and probably referred to in Paul of Tarsus's Epistle to the Galatians chapter ....
    , c 50, which allowed gentile converts who did not also "convert to Judaism"
    Conversion to Judaism

    Conversion to Judaism is a formal act undertaken by a gentile person who wishes to be recognised as a full member of the Jewish community. A Jewish religious conversion is both a religious act and an expression of association with the Jewish people....
    , or another interpretation: decreed proto-Noahide Law, see also Circumcision controversy in early Christianity
    Circumcision controversy in early Christianity

    Today, most Christian denominations are neutral about Circumcision in the Bible, neither requiring it nor forbidding it. The Council of Jerusalem, held in approximately 50 AD, decreed that circumcision was not a requirement for Gentile converts....
    .
  • Paul, persecuted by the Jews of Jerusalem, on charges of Antinomianism
    Antinomianism

    Antinomianism , or lawlessness , in theology, is the idea that members of a particular religious group are under no obligation to obey the religious law of ethics or morality as presented by religious authorities....
    , is saved by the Romans and sent to Rome, , however, the 1st bishop of Jerusalem, James the Just
    James the Just

    Saint James the Just , , also known as James of Jerusalem, James Adelphotheos, James, the Brother of the Lord, was an important figure in Early Christianity....
    , is stoned at the instigation of the High Priest
    List of High Priests of Israel

    This page gives one list of the Kohen Gadols of Ancient Israel up to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 Common Era. Because of a lack a historic data, this list is incomplete and there may be gaps....
    , 62
  • Woes of the Pharisees
    Woes of the Pharisees

    ?The Woes of the Pharisees is a list of criticisms by Jesus against Scribes and Pharisees and Lawyers that is present in the Gospel of Luke and Gospel of Matthew ....
    , Lament over Jerusalem, Great Commission
    Great Commission

    The Great Commission, in Christianity tradition, is the instruction of the Resurrection appearances of Jesus to his disciple , that they spread Ministry of Jesus to all the nations of the world....
     from the Gospel of Matthew
    Gospel of Matthew

    The Gospel of Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a synoptic gospel. It narrates an account of the New Testament view on Jesus' life and Ministry of Jesus of Jesus of Nazareth....
     and Gospel of Luke
    Gospel of Luke

    The Gospel of Luke is a Synoptic Gospels, and is the third and longest of the four Biblical canonical Gospels of the New Testament. The text narrates the life of Jesus of Nazareth....
    , c 80, earlier if actually spoken by Jesus
    Logia

    In New Testament criticism, the term logia is applied to a supposed collection of sayings of Jesus believed to be referred to by Papias Many scholars identify this collection with the hypothetical Q document postulated to explain the many similarities between the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke that are not accounted for...
    .
records "many disciples
Disciple (Christianity)

In the History of Christianity, the disciples were the students of Jesus during his Ministry of Jesus. While Jesus attracted a large following, the term disciple is commonly used to refer specifically to "Twelve Apostles", an inner circle of men whose number perhaps represented the twelve tribes of Israel....
" (who were largely Jewish) leaving Jesus after he said that those who eat his body and drink his blood will remain in him and have eternal life
Eternal Life

"Eternal Life" is a song composed by Jeff Buckley and is track #9 on his album Grace . It also has a video. It is believed to have been influenced by a long-time love for Led Zeppelin's music and a wish to emulate them in this song....
 (for interpretations of this passage, see Transubstantiation
Transubstantiation

In Roman Catholic theology, transubstantiation is the change of the Substance theory of Host and Sacramental wine into the Body of Christ and Blood of Christ occurring in the Eucharist while all that is accessible to the senses remain as before....
), c 90-100, earlier if actually spoken by Jesus

Historically attested events
  • Crisis under Caligula
    Caligula

    Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , more commonly known by his nickname Caligula , was the third Roman Emperor, reigning from 16 March 37 until his assassination on 24 January 41....
    , 37-41, proposed as the first open break between Rome and the Jews
  • Claudius
    Claudius

    Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from January 24, AD 41 to his death in AD 54....
    's expulsion of Jews from Rome, 49
  • development of Christian scripture
    Development of the New Testament canon

    The Biblical canon is the set of books Christians regard as Biblical inspiration and thus constituting the Christian Bible. Although the Early Christianity primarily used the Greek Old Testament, the Septuagint or LXX, or the Targums among Aramaic speakers, the apostles did not otherwise leave a defined set of new scriptures; instead the New Testam...
    , starting with Paul's epistles c 57 and the Gospel of Mark
    Gospel of Mark

    The Gospel of Mark is the second of the four canonical gospels in the New Testament and was probably the first of the three synoptic gospels to be written....
     c 70.
  • Destruction of the Second Temple and institution of the Fiscus Iudaicus, the Roman annual head tax on all Jews to pay for upkeep of the Jupiter
    Jupiter

    Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the Solar system by size planet within the Solar System. It is two and a half times as massive as all of the other planets in our Solar System combined....
     Capitolinus temple in Rome instead of the Jerusalem Temple, Vespasian
    Vespasian

    Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D....
     orders arrest of all descendants of King David according to , 70
  • hypothetical Council of Jamnia
    Council of Jamnia

    The Council of Jamnia or Council of Yavne is a hypothetical 1st century council at which it is postulated the Development of the Jewish Bible canon was defined....
    , c 90
  • Domitian
    Domitian

    Titus Flavius Domitianus , commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death. Domitian was the last emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96, encompassing the reigns of Domitian's father Vespasian , his elder brother Titus , and that of Domitian himself...
     applied the Fiscus Iudaicus tax even to those who merely "lived like Jews", c 90
  • Titus Flavius Clemens (consul)
    Titus Flavius Clemens (consul)

    Titus Flavius Clemens was a great-nephew of the Roman Emperor Vespasian. He was the son of Titus Flavius Sabinus , brother to Titus Flavius Sabinus and a second cousin to Roman Emperors to Titus and Domitian....
     condemned to death by the Roman Senate
    Roman Senate

    The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government....
     for conversion to Judaism, 95


Second century

  • Epistle to the Hebrews
    Epistle to the Hebrews

    The Epistle to the Hebrews is one of the books in the New Testament. Though traditionally credited to the Apostle Paul, the letter is anonymous....
     and the New Covenant
    New Covenant

    The term New Covenant is used in the Bible to refer to an Messianic Age following a period of trial and judgment. As are all Covenant between God and man described in the Bible, it is "a bond in blood sovereignly administered by God." ...
    , c 100, possibly earlier if attributed to Paul
  • The 3rd bishop of Antioch, Ignatius
    Ignatius of Antioch

    Ignatius of Antioch was among the Apostolic Fathers, was the third Bishop and Patriarch of Antioch, and was possibly a student of John the Apostle....
    's Letter to the Magnesians 9-10 against the Sabbath in Christianity and Judaizers
    Judaizers

    Judaizers and Judaizing, see also Wiktionary:Judaization, refer to those who teach the necessity of obedience to the Law of Moses by Christians, which is normally considered a requisite only for the followers of Judaism, the parent religion of Christianity....
    , c 100
  • crucifixion of the 2nd bishop of Jerusalem, Simeon of Jerusalem
    Simeon of Jerusalem

    Saint Simeon of Jerusalem, son of Clopas, was a Jewish Christian leader and according to most Christian traditions the second Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem#Bishops of Jerusalem....
    , c 107


  • Certain Gospels (not necessarily limited to those in the modern canon
    Biblical canon

    A Biblical canon or canon of scripture is a list or set of Bible books considered to be authoritative as scripture by a particular religious community, generally in Judaism or Christianity....
    ) begin to be discussed by Jewish writers, who refer to them as Gilyonim
    Gilyonim

    Gilyonim is a term used by Jewish scribes flourishing between 100 and 135 CE to denote the Gospels....
    . Rabbi Tarfon
    Tarfon

    Rabbi Tarfon or Tarphon, , a member of the Tannaim#The generations of the Tannaim of the Mishnah sages, who lived in the period between the Siege of Jerusalem and the fall of Betar ....
     possibly advocated burning them, c 120, but this is a disputed reading..
  • controversial claim of Simon bar Kokhba
    Simon bar Kokhba

    Simon bar Kokhba was the Jewish leader who led what is known as Bar Kokhba's revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 Common Era, establishing an independent Jewish state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi ....
     to be the Jewish Messiah
    Jewish Messiah

    Messiah In Jewish eschatology, the term came to refer to a future Jewish monarch from the Davidic line, who will be "anointed" with holy anointing oil and rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age....
    , 132-135, rejected by Rabbinic Judaism, final result of the revolt was the expulsion of Jews from Jerusalem which was rebuilt as Aelia Capitolina
    Aelia Capitolina

    Aelia Capitolina was a city built by the emperor Hadrian, and occupied by a Roman colony, on the site of Jerusalem, which was still in ruins from the First Jewish-Roman War in 70 A.D.....
    , end of "bishops of the circumcision" according to
  • controversial claim of Marcion against the Jewish Bible, c 144, rejected by Proto-orthodox Christianity
    Proto-orthodox Christianity

    Proto-orthodox Christianity is a term created by New Testament scholar Bart D. Ehrman. Ehrman described this as one of the many religious sects that followed the teachings of Jesus Christ, yet this one was able to become the form of Christianity dominant today....
  • Epistle to Diognetus
    Epistle to Diognetus

    The Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus is probably the earliest example of apologetics, writings defending Christianity from its accusers. The Greek writer and recipient are not otherwise known, but the language and other textual evidence dates the work to the late 2nd century; some assume an even earlier date and count it among the Apostol...
     polemic against the Jews, c 150
  • Martyrdom of Polycarp
    Martyrdom of Polycarp

    The Martyrdom of Polycarp is one of the works of the Apostolic Fathers, and as such is one of the very few genuine such writings from the actual age of the persecutions....
     implicates the Jews, c 150
  • Justin Martyr
    Justin Martyr

    Saint Justin Martyr was an early Christian apologetics and saint. His works represent the earliest surviving Christian "apologies" of notable size....
    's Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew, c 150
  • Octavius of Marcus Minucius Felix, for example: "XXXVIII.—To the Jews. Evil always, and recalcitrant ...", c 180
  • excommunication of Quartodecimanism
    Quartodecimanism

    Quartodecimanism refers to the custom of some early Christians celebrating Passover or Easter beginning with the eve of the 14th day of Nisan , which at dusk is Biblically the "'s passover"....
     by Pope Victor I
    Pope Victor I

    Pope Saint Victor I was a Pope from 189 to 199 .Victor I was the first bishop of Rome born in the Roman Province of Africa . He was later canonization....
    , c 190
  • Tertullian
    Tertullian

    Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, anglicised as Tertullian, was a prolific and controversial early Christian author, and the first to write Christian Latin literature....
    's Adversus Judaeos/An Answer to the Jews, c 200


See also

  • Timeline of Christianity
    Timeline of Christianity

    The purpose of this timeline is to give a detailed account of Christianity from the beginning of the current era to the present. Question marks on dates indicate approximate dates....
  • History of Christianity
    History of Christianity

    The history of Christianity concerns the Christianity religion and the Christian Church, from the ministry of Jesus and his Twelve Apostles, to contemporary times and Christian denominations....
  • Christian-Jewish reconciliation
    Christian-Jewish reconciliation

    Reconciliation between Christianity and Judaism refers to the efforts that are being made to improve understanding of the Jewish people and of Judaism, to do away with Christian antisemitism and Jewish anti-Christian sentiment....