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Dual-covenant theology
 
 
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Dual-covenant theology is primarily found in Christian theology
Christian theology

Christian theology is discourse concerning Christianity faith. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rationality analysis and argument to understanding, explanation, test, critic#critique, defend or promote Christianity....
 and teaches that Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
s can go to Heaven
Heaven

Heaven may refer to the physical heavens, the atmosphere or the seemingly endless expanse of the universe beyond. This is the traditional literal meaning of the term in English, however since at least AD 1000, it is typically also used to refer to an afterlife plane of existence in various religions and spirituality philosophy, often descri...
 simply by keeping the Law of Moses
Torah

The term "Torah" , or Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch, refers to the entirety of Judaism's founding Halakha and ethical religious texts....
, because of the "everlasting covenant
Covenant (biblical)

Covenant, meaning a solemn contract, oath, or bond, is the customary word used to Bible translations the Hebrew language word berith as it is used in the Hebrew Bible, thus it is important to all Abrahamic religions....
" between Abraham
Abraham

Abraham is a man featured in the Book of Genesis and an important figure in several monotheistic religions. Judaism, Christianity and Islam traditions regard him as the founding Patriarchs of the Israelites, Ishmaelites and Edomite peoples....
 and God
God

God is a deity in theism and deism religions and other belief systems, representing either the sole deity in monotheism, or a principal deity in polytheism....
 expressed in the Hebrew Bible
Hebrew Bible

The term Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to those books of the Bible originally written mostly in Biblical Hebrew with some Biblical Aramaic....
 (the Christian Old Testament
Old Testament

In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christianity Bible Biblical canon. These works correspond to the Hebrew Bible , with some variations and additions....
), whereas Gentile
Gentile

The term Gentile refers to non-Israelite tribes or nations in translations of the Bible, most notably the English King James Version.It serves as the Latin and subsequenly English translation of the Hebrew language words ??? and ???? in the Old Testament and the Greek language word ???? in the New Testament....
s (those not Jews or Jewish proselytes) must convert to Christianity
Conversion to Christianity

Conversion to Christianity is the religious conversion ? a "radical transformation of self" of a previously non-Christian person to some form of Christianity....
.

Judaism
Judaism

Judaism is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible , as later further explored and explained in the Talmud and other texts....
 teaches that non-Jews need only follow the Seven Laws of Noah to be assured of a place in the world to come.

The United States Catholic Catechism for Adults (2006), states explicitly: The Church's references on the matter are in Nostra Aetate
Nostra Aetate

Nostra Aetate is the Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions of the Second Vatican Council. Passed by a vote of 2,221 to 88 of the assembled bishops, this declaration was promulgated on October 28, 1965, by Pope Paul VI....
.






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Ten Commandments Monument
Dual-covenant theology is primarily found in Christian theology
Christian theology

Christian theology is discourse concerning Christianity faith. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rationality analysis and argument to understanding, explanation, test, critic#critique, defend or promote Christianity....
 and teaches that Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
s can go to Heaven
Heaven

Heaven may refer to the physical heavens, the atmosphere or the seemingly endless expanse of the universe beyond. This is the traditional literal meaning of the term in English, however since at least AD 1000, it is typically also used to refer to an afterlife plane of existence in various religions and spirituality philosophy, often descri...
 simply by keeping the Law of Moses
Torah

The term "Torah" , or Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch, refers to the entirety of Judaism's founding Halakha and ethical religious texts....
, because of the "everlasting covenant
Covenant (biblical)

Covenant, meaning a solemn contract, oath, or bond, is the customary word used to Bible translations the Hebrew language word berith as it is used in the Hebrew Bible, thus it is important to all Abrahamic religions....
" between Abraham
Abraham

Abraham is a man featured in the Book of Genesis and an important figure in several monotheistic religions. Judaism, Christianity and Islam traditions regard him as the founding Patriarchs of the Israelites, Ishmaelites and Edomite peoples....
 and God
God

God is a deity in theism and deism religions and other belief systems, representing either the sole deity in monotheism, or a principal deity in polytheism....
 expressed in the Hebrew Bible
Hebrew Bible

The term Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to those books of the Bible originally written mostly in Biblical Hebrew with some Biblical Aramaic....
 (the Christian Old Testament
Old Testament

In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christianity Bible Biblical canon. These works correspond to the Hebrew Bible , with some variations and additions....
), whereas Gentile
Gentile

The term Gentile refers to non-Israelite tribes or nations in translations of the Bible, most notably the English King James Version.It serves as the Latin and subsequenly English translation of the Hebrew language words ??? and ???? in the Old Testament and the Greek language word ???? in the New Testament....
s (those not Jews or Jewish proselytes) must convert to Christianity
Conversion to Christianity

Conversion to Christianity is the religious conversion ? a "radical transformation of self" of a previously non-Christian person to some form of Christianity....
.

Judaism
Judaism

Judaism is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible , as later further explored and explained in the Talmud and other texts....
 teaches that non-Jews need only follow the Seven Laws of Noah to be assured of a place in the world to come.

The United States Catholic Catechism for Adults (2006), states explicitly: The Church's references on the matter are in Nostra Aetate
Nostra Aetate

Nostra Aetate is the Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions of the Second Vatican Council. Passed by a vote of 2,221 to 88 of the assembled bishops, this declaration was promulgated on October 28, 1965, by Pope Paul VI....
. John Paul II spoke of Jews as "our elder brothers in faith".

The Apostolic Decree in the Book of Acts appears to advocate a form of Dual-covenant theology.

Jewish views


The Jewish Encyclopedia
Jewish Encyclopedia

The Jewish Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. It contained over 15,000 articles in 12 volumes on the history and then-current state of Judaism and the Jews as of 1901....
 article on Gentile: Gentiles May Not Be Taught the Torah notes the following Jewish-Christian reconciliation
Christian-Jewish reconciliation

Reconciliation between Christianity and Judaism refers to the efforts that are being made to improve understanding of the Jewish people and of Judaism, to do away with Christian antisemitism and Jewish anti-Christian sentiment....
:

Conservative criticisms


However, the part of the U.S. Catechism quoted above is in dispute and the US Bishops have voted to change it.

Franz Schmidberger
Franz Schmidberger

Franz Schmidberger is a priest of the Society of St. Pius X, founded by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre.Graduated in 1972 in the University of Munich, in the same year he entered the seminary of Econe where he was ordained priest on December 8, 1975....
, a leader in the Society of Saint Pius X, rejected the dual-covenant theology of John Paul II and declared that "for as long as they do not distance themselves from their forefathers' guilt through the avowal of Christ's divinity and baptism, they are complicit in the deicide
Deicide

The responsibility for the Death and resurrection of Jesus has, in Christianity, both historical and theological aspects. In addition, the deicide charge against Jews is among the cornerstones of antisemitism....
". See also Responsibility for the death of Jesus.

The following is a sourced wikiquote of Protestant evangelical Jerry Falwell
Jerry Falwell

Jerry Lamon Falwell, Sr. was an United States Evangelical Christianity pastor, televangelism, and a controversial Conservatism in the United States commentator....
:

See also

  • Biblical law in Christianity
    Biblical law in Christianity

    Biblical law in Christianity generally refers to a discussion of the applicability of Biblical law in a Christianity. This is also referred to as God's Law or Divine Law....
  • Apostolic Decree
  • Covenant (Biblical)
    Covenant (biblical)

    Covenant, meaning a solemn contract, oath, or bond, is the customary word used to Bible translations the Hebrew language word berith as it is used in the Hebrew Bible, thus it is important to all Abrahamic religions....
  • John Hagee
    John Hagee

    John Charles Hagee is the American founder and senior pastor of Cornerstone Church in San Antonio, Texas, Texas, a Non-denominational Christianity charismatic movement church with more than 19,000 active members....
  • Supersessionism
    Supersessionism

    Supersessionism and replacement theology are particular interpretations of New Testament claims, viewing God in Christianity as being either the "replacement" or "completion" of the promise made to the Jews and Jewish Proselytes....
  • Antinomianism
    Antinomianism

    Antinomianism , or lawlessness , in theology, is the idea that members of a particular religious group are under no obligation to obey the religious law of ethics or morality as presented by religious authorities....
  • B'nei Noah
    B'nei Noah

    Noahidism is not a modern monotheistic ideology. Noahides observe the Seven Laws of Noah which were given to both Adam and Noah. Noahides follow the most ancient belief system in the world....
  • Christian-Jewish reconciliation
    Christian-Jewish reconciliation

    Reconciliation between Christianity and Judaism refers to the efforts that are being made to improve understanding of the Jewish people and of Judaism, to do away with Christian antisemitism and Jewish anti-Christian sentiment....
  • Legalism (theology)
    Legalism (theology)

    Legalism, in Christianity theology, is a pejorative term referring to an over-emphasis on law or codes of conduct, or legal ideas, usually implying an allegation of misguided rigor, pride, superficiality, the neglect of mercy, and ignorance of the divine grace or Letter and spirit of the law....
  • Liberal Christianity
    Liberal Christianity

    Liberal Christianity, sometimes called liberal theology, is an umbrella term covering diverse, philosophically informed religious movements and ideas within late 18th, 19th and 20th century Christianity....


External links

  • : "...sometimes referred to as “dual covenant” theology. Any other understanding of the relationship, Christian Zionists argue, is a variation of supersessionism
    Supersessionism

    Supersessionism and replacement theology are particular interpretations of New Testament claims, viewing God in Christianity as being either the "replacement" or "completion" of the promise made to the Jews and Jewish Proselytes....
    ."
  • : "This "dual covenant" theology seems to have been adopted to avoid the intrinsic, basic conflict at the heart of the Jewish-Catholic dialog
    Judaism and Christianity

    Although Christianity and Judaism share historical roots, these two religions diverge in fundamental ways. Judaism places orthopraxy, focusing primary questions on how to respond to the eternal Covenant God made with Israelites and Proselytes, as recorded in the Torah....
    . That is that either the Catholic Church is itself the continuation of Judaism after the coming of the Jewish Messiah – i.e., the Church is post-Messianic Judaism – or it is nothing at all."
  • : An article by 'Catholics for Israel' opposing dual-covenant theology and comparing it to supersessionism and to the Catholic position.