Aelia Capitolina

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Aelia Capitolina

Aelia Capitolina (Latin in full: Colonia Aelia Capitolina) was a city built by the emperor Hadrian

Hadrian

Publius Aelius Hadrianus , as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after his apotheosis, known as Hadrian in English language, was Roman Emperor of Roman Empire from AD 117 to 138, as well as a Stoicism and Epicureanism philosopher....
, and occupied by a Roman colony, on the site of Jerusalem

Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
, which was still in ruins from the Great Jewish Revolt

First Jewish-Roman War

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Aelia Capitolina (Latin in full: Colonia Aelia Capitolina) was a city built by the emperor Hadrian

Hadrian

Jerusalem

First Jewish-Roman War

The first Jewish-Roman War , sometimes called The Great Revolt , was the first of three Jewish-Roman wars by the Jews of Iudaea Province against the Roman Empire ....
in 70 A.D.. When Emperor Hadrian vowed to rebuild Jerusalem from the wreckage in 130 A.D., he meant it as a gift to the Jewish people. But the building had to be on his terms. Ironically, Hadrian planned to build temples to pagan gods in the Jews’ Holy City.

"Aelia" came from Hadrian's nomen gentile, Aelius
Aelius

Aelius was the nomen of the ancient Rome gens Aelia_gens. Among its members was the Roman Emperor Hadrian.* Publius Aelius Paetus , consul 337 BC...
, while "Capitolina" meant that the new city was dedicated to Jupiter Capitolinus
Capitoline Hill

The Capitoline Hill , between the Roman Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the seven hills of Rome of Rome. By the 16th century, Capitolinus had become Campidoglio in the Romanesco....
, to whom a temple was built on the site of the former Jewish temple

Jewish temple

Jewish temple:*Jewish temple or The Jewish Temple, may refer to the original two ancient Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. The Solomon's Temple was destroyed by the ancient Babylonians in 586 BCE, and the Second Temple was destroyed by Roman Empire in 70 CE....
, the Temple Mount

Temple Mount

The Temple Mount , also known as Mount Moriah and by Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary , is a religious site in the Old City of Jerusalem of Jerusalem....
. The establishment of Aelia Capitolina resulted in the failed Bar Kokhba's revolt

Bar Kokhba's revolt

The Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire was a second major rebellion by the Jews of Iudaea Province and the last of the Jewish-Roman Wars....
of 132

132

Events...
-135

135

Events...
. Jews were forbidden to live in or even visit the city, except for Tisha B'Av

Tisha B'Av

is an annual ta'anit in Judaism, named for the ninth day of the month of Av in the Hebrew calendar. The fast commemorates the destruction of the Solomon's Temple and Second Temples in Jerusalem, which occurred about 656 years apart, but on the same date....
. The Sanhedrin

Sanhedrin

The Sanhedrin was an assembly of twenty-three judges appointed in every city in the Land of Israel.The Great Sanhedrin was the supreme court of ancient Israel....
relocated to Jamnia

Council of Jamnia

The Council of Jamnia or Council of Yavne is a hypothetical 1st century council at which it is postulated the Development of the Jewish Bible canon was defined....
. Roman enforcement of this prohibition continued through the fourth century. The city was without walls, protected by a light garrison of the Tenth Legion

Legio X Fretensis

Legio decima Fretensis of the sea strait") was a Roman legion levied by Augustus in 41/40 BC to fight during the period of Roman Civil War that started the dissolution of the Roman Republic....
, during the Late Roman Period. The detachment at Jerusalem

Jerusalem

Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
s from returning to the city.

The urban plan of Aelia Capitolina was that of a typical Roman

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
town wherein main thoroughfares crisscrossed the urban grid

Urban planning

Urban, city, and town planning is the integration of the disciplines of land use planning and transport planning, to explore a very wide range of aspects of the built and social environments of urbanized municipalities and communities....
lengthwise and widthwise.

The original thoroughfare, flanked by rows of columns and shops, was about 73 feet (22 meters) wide (roughly the equivalent of a present-day six lane highway). The Hadrianic Cardo

Cardo

In ancient Roman city planning, a cardo or cardus was a north-south-oriented street in cities, military camps, and Colonia e. Sometimes called the cardus maximus, the cardo served as the center of economic life....
Maximus of Aelia terminated somewhere in the area of the present David Street.

The Latin name "Aelia" is the source of the Arabic term Iliya, an early Islamic name for Jerusalem.

Aelia Capitolina

See also