All Topics  
Papal Coronation

 
Papal Coronation

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

Papal Coronation
 
 
  Topics Papal Coronation Topic Home

The Papal Coronation is the ceremony in which a new pope
Pope

The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
 is crowned as earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
, sovereign
Sovereignty

File:Leviathan gr.jpgSovereignty is the exclusive right to control a government, a State, a people, or oneself. A sovereign is a supreme lawmaking authority....
 of Vatican City
Vatican City

Vatican City , officially the State of the Vatican City , is a Landlocked country sovereignty city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, the Capital of Italy....
, and Monarch of the Holy See
Holy See

The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church....
. A three-tiered Triple Crown or Papal Tiara
Papal Tiara

The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin language as the 'Triregnum', and in Italian language as the 'Triregno', is the three-tiered Gemstone papal Crown , supposedly of Byzantine Empire and Persian Empire origin, that is a prominent symbol of the Pope....
 is used in the ceremony.

a conclave
Papal conclave

A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the pope, or Bishop of Rome, who is considered by Catholics to be the Apostolic Succession of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Catholic Church....
 elects a new pope, he assumes all of the rights and authority of the papacy immediately upon his acceptance of election; however, popes traditionally numbered their regnal year
Regnal year

A regnal year is a year of the reign of a monarch. From Latin regnum meaning kingdom, rule.The oldest dating systems were in regnal years, and considered the date as an ordinal number, not a cardinal number....
s from the date of their coronation.






Discussion
Ask a question about 'Papal Coronation'
Start a new discussion about 'Papal Coronation'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Encyclopedia


Johnxxiii Color Tiara Sm
The Papal Coronation is the ceremony in which a new pope
Pope

The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
 is crowned as earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
, sovereign
Sovereignty

File:Leviathan gr.jpgSovereignty is the exclusive right to control a government, a State, a people, or oneself. A sovereign is a supreme lawmaking authority....
 of Vatican City
Vatican City

Vatican City , officially the State of the Vatican City , is a Landlocked country sovereignty city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, the Capital of Italy....
, and Monarch of the Holy See
Holy See

The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church....
. A three-tiered Triple Crown or Papal Tiara
Papal Tiara

The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin language as the 'Triregnum', and in Italian language as the 'Triregno', is the three-tiered Gemstone papal Crown , supposedly of Byzantine Empire and Persian Empire origin, that is a prominent symbol of the Pope....
 is used in the ceremony.

Ritual

When a conclave
Papal conclave

A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the pope, or Bishop of Rome, who is considered by Catholics to be the Apostolic Succession of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Catholic Church....
 elects a new pope, he assumes all of the rights and authority of the papacy immediately upon his acceptance of election; however, popes traditionally numbered their regnal year
Regnal year

A regnal year is a year of the reign of a monarch. From Latin regnum meaning kingdom, rule.The oldest dating systems were in regnal years, and considered the date as an ordinal number, not a cardinal number....
s from the date of their coronation. Since the Pontificate of Pope John XXIII
Pope John XXIII

Blessed Pope John XXIII , born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli , known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City on 28 October 1958....
, all cardinals must be bishops. If, in the past, the newly-elected pope happened not to be a bishop, he would be consecrated
Consecration

Consecration is the ritual dedication to a special purpose or service, usually religious. The word "consecration" literally means "to associate with the sacred"....
 at once. Traditionally, the right of consecration went to the senior Cardinal bishop of the College of Cardinals
College of Cardinals

The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. The College plays two roles in the church:*participating in Papal conclave when the Holy See is vacant, and...
. If already a bishop, there would take place only the solemn benedictio (blessing).

Before the coronation, the enthronement
Enthronement

An enthronement is a ceremony of inauguration, sitting for the first time on a throne. The throne is seen as a symbol of authority, both secular and religious....
 of the pope in the Chair of Saint Peter
Chair of Saint Peter

The Cathedra Petri or Chair of Saint Peter is usually understood of a particular chair preserved in St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, enclosed in a Gilding bronze casing that was designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and executed 1647?53....
 (Cathedra Petri), was performed. This is a very important ceremony, and takes place at St. Peter's Basilica
St. Peter's Basilica

The Basilica of Saint Peter , officially known in Italian language as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St. Peter's Basilica, is located within the Vatican City....
, or in the Church of St. Peter ad Vincula
San Pietro in Vincoli

San Pietro in Vincoli is a basilica in Rome, best known for being the home of Michelangelo's magnificent statue of Moses ....
, where there is also a Cathedra Petri. If the election had taken place in St. Peter's Basilica, this ceremony is performed immediately after the election. Its object is to proclaim to the Christian world that the newly-elected pope is the lawful successor of St. Peter. Before this ceremony took place, he was forbidden to take part in the administration of the Church. In 1059 Pope Nicholas II
Pope Nicholas II

Nicholas II , born G?rard de Bourgogne, Pope from 1059 to July 1061, was at the time of his election the Bishop of Florence....
 declared that the omission of the enthronization did not prevent the pope from administering the Church. This custom disappeared in the thirteenth century, because in that period the popes seldom resided in Rome (see Avignon papacy
Avignon Papacy

In the history of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven popes, all List of French popes-speaking, resided in Avignon, :...
).

Coronation Mass

The coronation takes place on the first Sunday or Holy Day following the election. It begins with a solemn Papal Mass
Papal Mass

A Papal Mass is the solemn High Mass Pontifical High Mass when celebrated by the Pope.There are numerous special ceremonials which are particular to the pope....
. During the chanting of Terce
Terce

Terce, or Third Hour, is a fixed time of prayer of the Divine Office of almost all the Christian liturgies. It consists mainly of psalms and is said at 9 a.m....
, he sits on a throne and all of the cardinals make what is called their "first obeisance" to the pope, approaching one by one and kissing his hand. Then the archbishop
Archbishop

In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others, this means that they lead a diocese of particular importance called an archdiocese, or in the Anglican Communion an Ecclesiastical Province, but this is not always the case....
s and bishop
Bishop

A bishop is an ordination or consecration member of the Clergy#Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight....
s approach and kiss his feet.

Following this, at least since the beginning of the sixteenth century, the newly-elected pope is carried in state through St. Peter's Basilica on the sedia gestatoria
Sedia gestatoria

The sedia gestatoria is the portable throne on which Popes were once carried. It consists of a richly-adorned, silk-covered armchair, fastened on a suppedaneum, on each side of which are two gilded rings; through these rings pass the long rods with which twelve footmen , in red uniforms, carry the throne on their shoulders....
, under a white canopy, with the papal flabella (ceremonial fans) to either side. However, he does not yet wear the papal tiara, but instead wears a jewelled mitre
MITRE

The Mitre Corporation, officially trademarked as MITRE, is a public-interest not-for-profit organization based in Bedford, Massachusetts and McLean, Virginia....
 (the mitra pretiosa). Three times, the procession is stopped, and a bundle of flax
Flax

Flax is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. It is native to the region extending from the eastern Mediterranean region to India and was probably first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent....
 lashed to a gilded staff is burnt before the newly-elected pontiff, while a master of ceremonies
Master of Ceremonies

A Master or Mistress of Ceremonies or MC , sometimes called a comp?re or an MJ for "microphone jockey," is the Host of an official public or private staged event or other performance....
 said: Pater Sancte, sic transit gloria mundi
Sic transit gloria mundi

Sic transit gloria mundi is a Latin List of Latin phrases that means "Thus passes the glory of the world". It has been interpreted as "Worldly things are fleeting."...
 (Holy Father, thus passes the glory of the world). Once at the high altar, he would celebrate Solemn High Mass with full papal ceremonial
Papal Mass

A Papal Mass is the solemn High Mass Pontifical High Mass when celebrated by the Pope.There are numerous special ceremonials which are particular to the pope....
.

After the Confiteor
Confiteor

The Confiteor is a general confession of sin recited at the beginning of Mass of the Roman Rite and on some other occasions....
, the pope is seated on a throne and the three senior cardinal bishops approach him in mitres. Each in turn place their hands above him and say the prayer, Super electum Pontificem. Then the senior cardinal deacon place the pallium
Pallium

The Pallium or Pall is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Roman Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the Pope, but for many centuries bestowed by him on metropolitan bishops and primate s as a symbol of the jurisdiction delegated to them by the Holy See....
 on his shoulders saying:
Accept the pallium, representing the plenitude of the Pontifical office, to the honour of Allmightly God, and the most glorious Virgin Mary, his Mother, and the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and the Holy Roman Church.


In the eleventh and twelfth centuries the immantatio, or bestowal of the mantum (a papal vestment consisting of a very long red cope
COPE

COPE may refer to:*The Council of Pacific Education , a regional branch of Education International , the global federation of teachers' trade unions....
 fastened with an elaborate morse
Morse

Morse can refer to:* The large buckle on the cope, one of the liturgical vestments of the Roman Catholic Church* An archaic word for walrus, a large aquatic mammal...
) on the newly elected pope, was regarded as especially symbolic of investiture with papal authority, and was conferred with the words: "I invest thee with the Roman papacy, that thou rule over the city and the world."

After the investiture (whether with the pallium or the mantum) the pope again receives the obeisance of the cardinals, archbishops and bishops. Then the Mass continued, and the Litany of the Saints
Litany of the Saints

The Litany of the Saints is a sacred prayer of the Roman Catholic Church. It is a prayer of invocation to the Triune God, and prayers for the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Angels and all the martyrs and saints upon whom Christianity was founded....
 was chanted.

Coronation

Coronation Benedictxvsm
After the Mass, the new pope is crowned with the papal tiara
Papal Tiara

The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin language as the 'Triregnum', and in Italian language as the 'Triregno', is the three-tiered Gemstone papal Crown , supposedly of Byzantine Empire and Persian Empire origin, that is a prominent symbol of the Pope....
. This frequently takes place on the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica, overlooking the crowds gathered in St. Peter's Square. The pope is seated on a throne
Throne

A throne is the official chair or seat upon which a monarch is seated on state or ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the monarchy or the Crown itself, an instance of metonymy, and is also used in many terms such as "power behind the throne"....
 with the flabella to either side of him. His mitre is removed, and the tiara is presented to the pope by the senior cardinal deacon, with the words:

Receive the tiara adorned with three crowns and know that thou art Father of Princes and Kings, Ruler of the World, Vicar of our Savior Jesus Christ in earth, to Whom is honor and glory in the ages of ages.


Then he solemnly places the tiara on the pope's head, and arrange the lappet
Lappet

A lappet is a decorative flap or fold in a ceremonial headdress or garment. They were a feature of women's headgear until the early 20th century....
s behind his neck.

Following his coronation, the pope pronounces the solemn pontifical blessing, Urbi et Orbi
Urbi et Orbi

Urbi et Orbi was a standard opening of Roman proclamations. The term is now used to denote a Pope address and Apostolic Blessing that is addressed to the City of Rome and to the entire world....
.

Possession

The last act of the inauguration of his new papacy is the formal taking possession (possessio) of his cathedra
Cathedra

A cathedra is the chair or throne of a bishop. It is a symbol of the bishop's teaching authority in the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, and has in some sense remained such in the Anglican Communion and in Lutheran church es....
 as Bishop of Rome
Bishop of Rome

The Bishop of Rome is the Bishop of the Holy See, more often referred to in the Catholic Church tradition as the Pope. The first Bishop of Rome to bear the title of "Pope" was Pope Boniface III in 607, the first to assume the title of "Universal Bishop" by decree of Phocas....
 at the Basilica
Basilica

The Latin word basilica , was originally used to describe a ancient Rome public building , usually located in the Forum of a Roman town. In Hellenistic cities, public basilicas appeared in the 2nd century BC....
 of St. John Lateran. In ancient times, the pope was enthroned in the same manner as other bishops. He was solemnly conducted to the episcopal throne, by which action he took possession of it. He received the kiss of peace and listened to the reading of a passage of Holy Scripture, whereupon he pronounced an address or sermo inthronisticus. The letters which it was customary for him to send to the other patriarch
Patriarch

Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised Autocracy authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called patriarchy....
s in token of his being in communion with them in the same faith, were called litterζ inthronisticζ, or syllabai enthronistikai. However, this rite has been omitted since 1870. Pope Benedict did take possession and emphasized the importance of this ceremony, for the Pope is Bishop of Rome.

Location of the ceremony

The earliest papal coronations took place in St. John Lateran, the pope's cathedral
Cathedral

A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop. It is a Religion building for worship, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic Church, Anglicanism, Orthodox Christian and some Lutheranism churches, which serves as a bishop's seat, and thus as the central church of a dioc...
. However, for hundreds of years papal coronations have traditionally taken place in the environs of St. Peter's Basilica
St. Peter's Basilica

The Basilica of Saint Peter , officially known in Italian language as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St. Peter's Basilica, is located within the Vatican City....
, though a number of coronations took place in Avignon
Avignon

Avignon is a Communes of France in the Vaucluse Departments of France in southeastern France with an estimated mid-2004 population of 89,300 in the city itself and a population of 290,466 in the aire urbaine at the 1999 census....
, during the Avignon papacy
Avignon Papacy

In the history of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven popes, all List of French popes-speaking, resided in Avignon, :...
. In 1800 Pope Pius VII
Pope Pius VII

Pope Pius VII, Order of Saint Benedict , born Count Barnaba Niccol? Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Pope from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823....
 was crowned in the crowded church of the Benedictine
Benedictine

Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy....
 island monastery
Monastery

Monastery , a term derived from the Greek language word ???ast?????, neut. of ???ast????? - monasterios denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of Monk, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in Cenobium or alone ....
 of San Giorgio, Venice
Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
, after his late predecessor, Pope Pius VI
Pope Pius VI

Pope Pius VI , born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, Pope from 1775 to 1799, was born at Cesena....
, had been forced into temporary exile during Napoleon Bonaparte's capture of Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
. Since the French seized the tiara along with the previous pope, he was crowned with a papier-mβchι tiara
Papier-mβchι Tiara

The papier-m?ch? tiara was a papal tiara made in exile for Pope Pius VII's papal coronation in a church in Venice. In 1798, Pope Pius's predecessor Pope Pius VI had been forced into exile when France troops invaded the Vatican and stole or destroyed all the ancient papal tiaras owned by the Holy See....
, for which the ladies of Venice gave up their jewels.

All coronations after 1800 took place in Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
. Until the mid 19th century popes were crowned in St. John Lateran. However public hostility to the Pope in Rome led to the ceremony being moved to the safer St. Peter's Basilica
St. Peter's Basilica

The Basilica of Saint Peter , officially known in Italian language as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St. Peter's Basilica, is located within the Vatican City....
. Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII

Pope Leo XIII , born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903, succeeding Pope Pius IX....
 was crowned in the Sistine Chapel
Sistine Chapel

Sistine Chapel is the best-known chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. Its fame rests on its architecture, evocative of Solomon's Temple of the Old Testament and on its decoration which has been frescoed throughout by the greatest Renaissance artists including Michelangelo, Raphael, Bernini, and...
, due to fears that anti-clerical mobs, inspired by Italian unification
Italian unification

Italian Unification was the political and social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century....
, might attack the Basilica and disrupt the ceremony. Benedict XV
Pope Benedict XV

Pope Benedict XV , , , born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, reigned as Pope from September 3, 1914 to January 22, 1922, succeeding Pope Pius X ....
 was also crowned in the chapel in 1914. Pius XI
Pope Pius XI

Pope Pius XI , born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, reigned as Pope from February 6, 1922, and as sovereignty of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on February 11, 1929 until his death on February 10, 1939....
 was crowned at the dais in front of the High Altar in St. Peter's Basilica. Popes Pius IX
Pope Pius IX

Blessed Pope Pius IX , born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was Pope from June 16, 1846 until his death. His was the longest reign in Church history, lasting 32 years....
, Pius XII
Pope Pius XII

Pope Pius XII , born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli , reigned as the 260th pope, head of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City, from March 2, 1939 until his death in 1958....
, John XXIII
Pope John XXIII

Blessed Pope John XXIII , born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli , known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City on 28 October 1958....
 and Paul VI
Pope Paul VI

Pope Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978....
 all were crowned in public on the balcony of the basilica, facing crowds assembled below in St. Peter's Square.

Pius XII's 1939 coronation broke new grounds by being the first to be film
Film

Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the film industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects....
ed and the first coronation to be broadcast live on radio
Radio

Radio is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic radiation with frequency below those of visible light.Electromagnetic radiation radio propagation by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space....
. The ceremony, which lasted for six hours, was attended by leading dignitaries; these included the heir to the Italian throne, the Prince of Piedmont
Umberto II of Italy

Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May , was born the Prince of Piedmont ....
, former king
King

King is a title for a head of state.King may also refer to:...
s Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
Ferdinand I of Bulgaria

Ferdinand, Tsar of Bulgaria , born Prince Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was the Knjaz and later Monarch of Bulgaria as well as an author, botanist, entomologist and philatelist....
 and Alfonso XIII of Spain
Alfonso XIII of Spain

Alfonso XIII , List of Spanish monarchs, posthumous son of Alfonso XII of Spain, was proclaimed King at his birth. He reigned from 1886-1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority....
, the Duke of Norfolk (representing King George VI of the United Kingdom
George VI of the United Kingdom

George VI was British monarchy and the United Kingdom Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India and the last King of Ireland , and the first Head of the Commonwealth....
) and the Irish
Ireland

Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
 Taoiseach
Taoiseach

The Taoiseach The Taoiseach is appointed by the President of Ireland upon the nomination of D?il ?ireann , and must, while he remains in office, retain the support of a majority in the D?il....
 Ιamon de Valera
Ιamon de Valera

?amon de Valera was one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. His political career spanned over half a century, from 1917 to 1973; he served multiple terms as head of government and head of state, and is credited with a leading role in the authorship of the present-day Constitution of Ireland....
, the last two being in evening dress
Evening dress

The term evening dress can refer to:* Full evening dress, or white tie, the most formal civilian dress code, especially in the United Kingdom...
 (white tie and tails).

Paul VI and the coronation

Paul Vi 4
The last pope to be crowned was Paul VI
Pope Paul VI

Pope Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978....
. Though he decided to cease wearing a papal tiara within weeks of his coronation, and laid his own on the altar
Altar

An altar is any structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices and votive offerings are made for religion, or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place....
 of St. Peter's Basilica in a gesture of humility, his 1975 Apostolic Constitution
Apostolic constitution

An apostolic constitution is the highest level of decree issued by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. The use of the term constitution comes from Latin language constitutio, which referred to any important law issued by the Roman emperor, and is retained in church documents because of the inheritance that the canon law of the R...
, Romano Pontifici Eligendo
Romano Pontifici Eligendo

Romano Pontifici Eligendo was the Apostolic Constitution governing the election of popes that was promulgation by Pope Paul VI in 1975. It instituted a number of far-reaching reforms in the process of electing popes....
, still prescribed that "the new pontiff
Pontiff

Pontiff or Pontificate is a title of certain religious leaders, now used principally to refer to leaders such as the Pope of the Catholic Church and of the Coptic Orthodox Church....
 is to be crowned by the senior cardinal deacon."

Nevertheless, his successor, John Paul I
Pope John Paul I

Pope John Paul I , born Albino Luciani, , reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and as Monarch of Vatican City from 26 August 1978 until his death 33 days later....
, opted not to be crowned, instead choosing to have a less formal "solemn Mass to mark the start of his ministry as Supreme Pastor
Papal Inauguration

The Papal Inauguration Mass is a liturgy of the Catholic Church for the ecclesiastical investiture of the Pope. It no longer includes the millennium-old Papal Coronation ceremony....
" in September 1978.

John Paul II and the coronation


After John Paul I's sudden death following a thirty-three day reign
Reign

A reign is the term used to describe the length of a monarch is the supreme leader over a kingdom. No time limit exists on reigns, nor is there a term of office....
, the new pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II John Paul II is widely acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the twentieth century. He has been Pope_John_Paul_II#Role_in_the_fall_of_Communism in bringing down communism in Eastern Europe, as well as significantly improving the Roman Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and A...
, opted to copy his predecessor's low-key ceremony rather than reinstate the papal coronation. In his homily at his Inauguration Mass, he said that Paul VI had "left his successors free to decide" whether to wear the papal tiara. He went on:
Pope John Paul I, whose memory is so vivid in our hearts, did not wish to have the tiara; nor does his Successor wish it today. This is not the time to return to a ceremony and an object considered, wrongly, to be a symbol of the temporal power of the Popes.


Critics and supporters of a return to papal coronations interpreted his words "This is not the time" as indicating either that the time for such ancient ceremonial was over in the post-Vatican II era, or that, weeks after the sudden death of Pope John Paul I and barely six weeks after the previous inauguration, 'today' (his inauguration day) was not the time to revert to the previous ceremony, but that a return to a traditional coronation was an option for future popes. Under Roman Catholic canon law
Canon law

Canon law is internal ecclesiastical law governing the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church churches, and the Anglicanism of churches....
 any pope is free to change the decrees of his predecessor.

John Paul II, in his 1996 Apostolic Constitution
Apostolic constitution

An apostolic constitution is the highest level of decree issued by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. The use of the term constitution comes from Latin language constitutio, which referred to any important law issued by the Roman emperor, and is retained in church documents because of the inheritance that the canon law of the R...
, Universi Dominici Gregis
Universi Dominici Gregis

Universi Dominici Gregis is an Apostolic Constitution of the Roman Catholic Church issued by Pope John Paul II on February 22, 1996. It superseded Pope Paul VI's 1975 Apostolic Constitution, Romano Pontifici Eligendo....
, left it up to each future pope to decide whether they wanted an inauguration or a coronation. He wrote:
After the solemn ceremony of the inauguration of the pontificate and within an appropriate time...


Nowhere was it stated what form that 'inauguration of a pontificate' would take; both a papal inauguration and a papal coronation technically could be used to inaugurate (ie. ceremonially begin) a pontificate: both ceremonies had been described in the past using such a term. In writing about the 'inauguration of a pontificate' rather than a specific 'inauguration of a pope' the precise form of ceremony future popes may use is left to them individually to decide. John Paul II's only requirement was that some 'solemn ceremony' take place to begin a pontificate.

Traditionalist criticism of Benedict XVI's decision not to be crowned

In 2005 John Paul II's successor, Benedict XVI
Pope Benedict XVI

Pope Benedict XVI is the List of popes and reigning Pope, by virtue of his office of Bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and, as such, monarch of the Vatican City....
 disappointed some traditionalists when he opted not to have a papal coronation but instead to adopt the papal inauguration ceremony. When asked if the new pope, when shown draft plans for his inauguration, had requested any changes, a Vatican spokesman declined to comment. Some traditionalists also criticised Benedict XVI for failing to take the Papal Oath, the existence of which is disputed, and which film
Film

Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the film industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects....
s of the 1939, 1958 and 1963 papal coronations shows never featured in those ceremonies. Based on these actions, and others, Sedevacantists even go so far as to charge that Popes Paul VI, John Paul I and II, and Benedict XVI are not legitimate Popes, but rather antipope
Antipope

An antipope is a person who, in opposition to a sitting Bishop of Rome, makes a widely accepted claim to be the Pope. In the past, antipopes were typically those supported by a fairly significant faction of cardinal and kingdoms....
s.

List of the papal coronations 1143-1963


List of all papal coronation between 1143 and 1963:

• October 3, 1143 (Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
) – Pope Celestine II
Pope Celestine II

Pope Celestine II , born Guido di Castello, was pope from 1143 to 1144....
, crowned by Cardinal Gregorio Tarquini, protodeacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco. On the same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Alberic de Beauvais
Alberic of Ostia

Alberic of Ostia was a Benedictine monk, and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia from 1138-1148.He was born at Beauvais in France. He entered the Cluny Abbey and became its sub-prior and, later, prior of St....
, bishop of Ostia.

• March 12, 1144 (Rome) – Pope Lucius II
Pope Lucius II

Pope Lucius II , born Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, was pope from March 9, 1144, until his death.Born in Bologna, he became a canon in his native city, then cardinal priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, later treasurer of the Roman Church, papal legate in Germany for Pope Honorius II , and later for Pope Innocent II ....
, crowned by Cardinal Gregorio Tarquini, protodeacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco. On the same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Alberic de Beauvais, bishop of Ostia.

• March 14, 1145 (abbey of Farfa
Abbey of Farfa

Farfa Abbey is a territorial abbey in northern Lazio, central Italy. It is one of the most famous abbeys of Italy and Europe. It belongs to the Benedictines and is located about 60 km from Rome, in the commune of Fara Sabina, not far from the Fara Sabina railway station....
) – Pope Eugenius III, crowned by Cardinal Odone Fattiboni, deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro. On February 18 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Corrado della Suburra
Pope Anastasius IV

Pope Anastasius IV , born Corrado di Suburra , was Pope from 1153 to 1154....
, bishop of Sabina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• July 12, 1153 (Rome) – Pope Anastasius IV
Pope Anastasius IV

Pope Anastasius IV , born Corrado di Suburra , was Pope from 1153 to 1154....
, crowned by Cardinal Odone Fattiboni, protodeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.

• December 5, 1154 (Rome) – Pope Adrian IV
Pope Adrian IV

Pope Adrian IV , born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.Adrian IV is the only England who has occupied the papal chair....
, crowned probably by Cardinal Rodolfo, deacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio.

• September 20, 1159 (Nympha) – Pope Alexander III
Pope Alexander III

Pope Alexander III , born Rolando of Siena, was Pope from 1159 to 1181....
, crowned by Cardinal Odone Fattiboni, protodeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro. On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ubaldo Allucingoli
Pope Lucius III

Pope Lucius III , born Ubaldo Allucingoli, was pope from September 1, 1181 to his death.A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he had close ties to Cistercian order, but it is not certain whether he had ever joined this order....
, bishop of Ostia e Velletri.

• October 4, 1159 (abbey of Farfa) – Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164)
Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164)

Victor IV was the Cardinal Cardinal Priest of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere before he was elected as a Guelphs and Ghibellines antipope in 1159, following the death of Pope Adrian IV and the election of Pope Alexander III....
, crowned and consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Icmar, bishop of Tusculum and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• July 22, 1167 (Rome) – Antipope Paschal III
Antipope Paschal III

Antipope Paschal III was Antipope from 1164 to September 20, 1168.His real name was Guido of Crema. Paschal III was the second of the antipopes to challenge the reign of Pope Alexander III....
, crowned by. On April 22, 1164 he was consecrated bishop of Rome at Lucca by Henry II of Leez
Henry II of Leez

Henry II of Leez was List of bishops and prince-bishops of Li?ge from 1145 until his death. He supported the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in his quarrel with Pope Adrian IV and Pope Alexander III....
, prince-bishop of Liθge (not a cardinal).

• 1168 (Rome) – Antipope Callistus III, crowned by

• September 6, 1181 (Velletri
Velletri

Velletri is a comune in the province of Rome, on the Alban Hills, in Lazio - Italy. It is bounded by other communes of Rocca di Papa, Lariano, Cisterna di Latina, Artena, Aprilia , Nemi, Genzano di Roma, Lanuvio....
) – Pope Lucius III
Pope Lucius III

Pope Lucius III , born Ubaldo Allucingoli, was pope from September 1, 1181 to his death.A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he had close ties to Cistercian order, but it is not certain whether he had ever joined this order....
, crowned by Cardinal Teodino degli Atti, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina.

• December 1, 1185 (Verona
Verona

Verona is a city in Veneto, northern Italy, one of the seven provincial capitals in the region. It is one of the main tourist destinations in north-eastern Italy, thanks to its artistic heritage, several annual fairs, shows and operas, such as the lyrical season in the Arena, the ancient amphitheatre built by the Romans....
) – Pope Urban III
Pope Urban III

Pope Urban III , born Uberto Crivelli, was Pope from 1185 to 1187. He was made Catholic Cardinal and archbishop of Milan by Pope Lucius III, whom he succeeded on November 25, 1185....
, crowned by (probably by Cardinal Ardicio Rivoltella, deacon of S. Teodoro).

• October 25, 1187 (Ferrara
Ferrara

Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara.It is situated 50 km north-northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km north....
) – Pope Gregory VIII
Pope Gregory VIII

Pope Gregory VIII , born Alberto di Morra, was Pope from October 25, 1187 until his death....
, crowned by Cardinal Giacinto Bobone Orsini, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin. On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome, probably by Cardinal Thibaud
Thibaud of Ostia

Thibaud of Ostia - was a French Cardinal . His name is listed also as Th?obald or Teobaldo.He entered the Order of Benedictines of the Congregation of Cluny in his youth....
, bishop of Ostia e Velletri.

• January 7, 1188 (Pisa
Pisa

Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa....
) – Pope Clement III
Pope Clement III

Pope Clement III , born Paulino Scolari, was elected Pope on December 19, 1187 and reigned until his death.A Roman by birth, he was made by Pope Alexander III successively archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica , cardinal-deacon of Sergio e Bacco , and finally cardinal bishop of Palestrina in December 1180....
, crowned by Cardinal Giacinto Bobone Orsini, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin.

• April 14, 1191 (Rome) – Pope Celestine III
Pope Celestine III

Pope Celestine III , born Giacinto Bobone, was elected Pope on March 30, 1191, and reigned until his death. He was born into the noble Orsini family, though he was only a deacon before becoming Pope....
, crowned by Cardinal Graziano da Pisa, protodeacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano. On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ottaviano di Paoli
Ottaviano di Paoli

Ottaviano di Paoli was an Italian Cardinal .He was a papal legate in France in the 1170s, and was created cardinal in 1182, as cardinal-deacon of Ss....
, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals

• February 22, 1198 (Rome) – Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III

Pope Innocent III was born in either 1160 or 1161, and died on July 16, 1216 at Perugia. He was born with the name Lotario de Conti, and he was pope from January 8, 1198 until his death....
, crowned by Cardinal Graziano da Pisa, protodeacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano. On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ottaviano di Paoli, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals

• August 31, 1216 (Rome) – Pope Honorius III
Pope Honorius III

Pope Honorius III , born Cencio, was Pope from 1216 to 1227....
, crowned by Cardinal Guido Pierleone, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano. On July 24, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ugolino Conti di Segni
Pope Gregory IX

Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.The successor of Pope Honorius III , he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his uncle Pope Innocent III , and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy....
, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• April 11, 1227 (Rome) – Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX

Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.The successor of Pope Honorius III , he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his uncle Pope Innocent III , and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy....
, crowned by Cardinal Ottaviano dei Conti di Segni
Ottaviano dei Conti di Segni

Ottaviano dei Conti di Segni was an Italy Cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Innocent III, his cousin who elevated him probably in May 1206....
, protodeacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco.

• June 28, 1243 (Anagni
Anagni

Anagni is an ancient town in Latium, central Italy, in the hills east-southeast of Rome, famous for its connections with the papacy and for the picturesque monuments of its unspoiled historical center....
) – Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV

Pope Innocent IV, born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was pope from June 28, 1243, to December 7, 1254....
, crowned by Cardinal Rainiero Capocci, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin. On that same day, he was consectrated bishop of Rome, probably by Cardinal Rinaldo Conti di Segni
Pope Alexander IV

Pope Alexander IV was Pope from 1254 until his death.Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, a native of Jenne, Italy, near Anagni, he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX ....
, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• December 20, 1254 (Naples
Naples

Naples is a city in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. The city is known for its rich history, art, culture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,800 years old....
) – Pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV

Pope Alexander IV was Pope from 1254 until his death.Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, a native of Jenne, Italy, near Anagni, he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX ....
, crowned by Cardinal Riccardo Annibaldeschi, protodeacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria.

• September 4, 1261 (Viterbo
Viterbo

Viterbo is an ancient city and comune in the Latium region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo. It is approximately 100 kilometers north of Rome on the Via Cassia, and it is surrounded by the Monti Cimini and Monti Volsini....
) – Pope Urban IV
Pope Urban IV

Pope Urban IV , born Jacques Pantal?on, was Pope, from 1261 to 1264. He was not a Cardinal , and there have been several Popes since him who have not been Cardinals, including Urban V and Urban VI....
, crowned by Cardinal Riccardo Annibaldeschi, protodeacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria.

• September 20, 1265 (Viterbo) – Pope Clement IV
Pope Clement IV

Pope Clement IV , born Gui Faucoi called in later life le Gros , was elected Pope February 5, 1265, in a Papal conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call in Charles of Anjou, the youngest brother of Louis IX of France , to carry on the papal war against the last of the house of Hohe...
, crowned by Cardinal Riccardo Annibaldeschi, protodeacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria.

• March 23, 1272 (Rome) – Pope Gregory X
Pope Gregory X

Pope Gregory X , born Tebaldo Visconti, was Pope from 1271 to 1276. He was elected by the papal election, 1268?1271, the longest papal election in the history of the Roman Catholic Church....
, crowned by Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini
Pope Nicholas III

Pope Nicholas III , born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, Pope from November 25, 1277 to his death in 1280, was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight Popes, been made cardinal-deacon of St....
, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano. On March 19 he was consecrated bishop
Bishop

A bishop is an ordination or consecration member of the Clergy#Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight....
 of Rome by (possibly by Cardinal Odo of Chβteauroux
Odo of Chβteauroux

Odo of Ch?teauroux was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher, papal legate and Cardinal . He was ?an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades?....
, bishop of Frascati and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals).

• February 22, 1276 (Rome) – Pope Innocent V
Pope Innocent V

Pope Innocent V , born Pierre de Tarentaise, was Pope from January 21 to June 22, 1276.He was born around 1225 near Mo?tiers in the Tarentaise region of southeastern France....
, crowned by Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.

• September 20, 1276 (Viterbo) – Pope John XXI
Pope John XXI

Pope John XXI , born Pedro Juli?o , a Portugal also called Pedro Hispano Note that the previous Pope named John was Pope John XIX and there is no Pope John XX ....
, crowned by Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.

• December 26, 1277 (Rome) – Pope Nicholas III
Pope Nicholas III

Pope Nicholas III , born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, Pope from November 25, 1277 to his death in 1280, was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight Popes, been made cardinal-deacon of St....
, crowned by Cardinal Giacomo Savelli
Pope Honorius IV

Pope Honorius IV , born Giacomo Savelli, was Pope for two years from 1285 to 1287. During his unremarkable pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French policy of his predecessor, Pope Martin IV ....
, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin. On December 19 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by.

• March 23, 1281 (Orvieto
Orvieto

Orvieto is a city in southwestern Umbria, Italy situated on the flat summit of a large butte of volcanic tuff. The site of the city is among the most dramatic in Europe, rising above the almost-vertical faces of tuff cliffs that are completed by defensive walls built of the same stone....
) – Pope Martin IV
Pope Martin IV

Pope Martin IV , born Simon de Brion, held the papacy from February 21, 1281 until his death.Simon de Brion, son of Jean, sieur de Brion, was born at the ch?teau of Meinpicien in the province of Touraine, France, in the decade following 1210....
, crowned by Cardinal Giacomo Savelli, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin. On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Latino Malabranca Orsini
Latino Malabranca Orsini

Latino Malabranca Orsini was an Italian Cardinal-nephew of Pope Nicholas III.He was son of Roman senator Angelo Malabranca and Mabilia Orsini, sister of Pope Nicholas III....
, bishop of Ostia e Velletri.

• May 19, 1285 (Rome) – Pope Honorius IV
Pope Honorius IV

Pope Honorius IV , born Giacomo Savelli, was Pope for two years from 1285 to 1287. During his unremarkable pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French policy of his predecessor, Pope Martin IV ....
, crowned by Cardinal Goffredo da Alatri, protodeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro. On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Latino Malabranca Orsini, bishop of Ostia e Velletri.

• February 22, 1288 (Rome) — Pope Nicholas IV
Pope Nicholas IV

Pope Nicholas IV , born Girolamo Masci, was Pope from February 22, 1288 to April 4, 1292. A Franciscan monk, he had been papal legate to the Greeks under Pope Gregory X in 1272, succeeded Bonaventure as general of his order in 1274, was made Cardinal Priest of Santa Prassede and Latin Patriarch of Constantinople by Pope Nicholas III ,...
, crowned by Cardinal Matteo Orsini Rosso, protodeacon of S. Maria in Portico.

• August 29, 1294 (Aquila
L'Aquila

L'Aquila is a city in central Italy, both the capital city of the Abruzzo region and of the Province of L'Aquila. It has a population of 72,913 inhabitants, but has a daily presence in the territory of 100,000 people to study, tertiary activities, jobs and tourism....
) — Pope Celestine V
Pope Celestine V

Pope St. Celestine V , born Pietro Angelerio, also known as Pietro da Morrone , was elected Pope in the year 1294. He was elected by the papal election, 1292?1294, the last non-conclave in the history of the Roman Catholic Church....
, crowned probably by Cardinal Matteo Orsini Rosso, protodeacon of S. Maria in Portico. On that same day he was concecrated bishop of Rome probably by Cardinal Hugh Aycelin
Hugh Aycelin

Hugh Aycelin was a French Cardinal ....
, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Few days later he was crowned again because in the first ceremony participated only three of ten cardinals (the only instance of double papal coronation)

• January 23, 1295 (Rome) – Pope Boniface VIII
Pope Boniface VIII

Pope Boniface VIII , born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303....
, crowned by Cardinal Matteo Orsini Rosso, protodeacon of S. Maria in Portico. On that same day he was concecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Hugh Aycelin, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• October 27, 1303 (Rome) – Pope Benedict XI
Pope Benedict XI

Pope Benedict XI , born Nicola Boccasini, was Pope from 1303 to 1304.Born in Treviso, he succeeded Pope Boniface VIII , but was unable to carry out his policies....
, crowned by Cardinal Matteo Orsini Rosso, protodeacon of S. Maria in Portico.

• November 14, 1305 (Lyon
Lyon

||-||}Lyon, also known as Lyons in English, is a city in east-central France. Its name is pronounced in French language and Franco-Proven?al language, and or in English language....
) – Pope Clement V
Pope Clement V

Pope Clement V , born Raymond Bertrand de Got , was Pope from 1305 to his death. He is memorable in history for suppressing the order of the Knights Templar, and as the Pope who moved the Roman Curia to Avignon - although, as a matter of fact, he moved the Roman Curia to Carpentras - in 1309, after staying four years in Poitiers....
, crowned by Cardinal Napoleone Orsini Frangipani
Napoleone Orsini Frangipani

Napoleone Orsini Frangipani was an Rome cardinal. His ecclesiastical career lasted 57 years, 54 of them as a cardinal, and included six conclaves....
, protodeacon of S. Adriano.

• September 5, 1316 (Lyon) – Pope John XXII
Pope John XXII

Pope John XXII , born Jacques Du?ze , was pope from 1316 to 1334. He was the second Pope of the Avignon Papacy , elected by a Papal conclave in Lyon assembled by Philip V of France....
, crowned by Cardinal Napoleone Orsini Frangipani, protodeacon of S. Adriano.

• May 15, 1328 (Rome) – Antipope Nicholas V
Antipope Nicholas V

Nicholas V, born Pietro Rainalducci was an antipope in Italy from 12 May 1328 to 25 July 1330 during the pontificate of Pope John XXII at Avignon....
, crowned by Giacomo Alberti, pseudocardinal-bishop of Ostia e Velletri. On May 12 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Jacopo Albertini, bishop of Venice.

• January 8, 1335 (Avignon
Avignon

Avignon is a Communes of France in the Vaucluse Departments of France in southeastern France with an estimated mid-2004 population of 89,300 in the city itself and a population of 290,466 in the aire urbaine at the 1999 census....
) – Pope Benedict XII
Pope Benedict XII

Pope Benedict XII , born Jacques Fournier, was Pope from 1334 to 1342....
, crowned by Cardinal Napoleone Orsini Frangipani, protodeacon of S. Adriano.

• May 19, 1342 (Avignon) – Pope Clement VI
Pope Clement VI

Pope Clement VI , bornPierre Roger, the fourth of the Avignon Papacy, was pope from May 1342 until his death....
, crowned by Cardinal Raymond Guillaume des Farges, protodeacon of S. Maria Nuova.

• December 30, 1352 (Avignon) – Pope Innocent VI
Pope Innocent VI

Pope Innocent VI , born ?tienne Aubert, Pope at Avignon Papacy from 1352 to 1362, the successor of Pope Clement VI , was a native of the hamlet of Les Monts, diocese of Limoges , and, after having taught Civil law at Toulouse, became successively bishop of Noyon and bishop of Clermont....
, crowned by Cardinal Gaillard de la Mothe, protodeacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio.

• November 6, 1362 (Avignon) – Pope Urban V
Pope Urban V

Blessed Pope Urban V , born Guillaume Grimoard, was Pope from 1362 to 1370....
, crowned probably by Cardinal Guillaume de la Jugiι, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin. On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Andouin Aubert
Andouin Aubert

Andouin Aubert was a French jurist, bishop and Cardinal .He was a nephew of Pope Innocent VI. He became apostolic notary, and was made bishop of Paris in 1349....
, bishop of Ostia e Velletri.

• January 3, 1371 (Avignon) – Pope Gregory XI
Pope Gregory XI

Pope Gregory XI , born Pierre Roger de Beaufort, Pope from 1370 to 1378, born in Rosiers-d'?gletons, Limousin around 1336, succeeded Pope Urban V in 1370 as one of the Avignon Papacy....
, crowned by Cardinal Rinaldo Orsini, protodeacon of S. Adriano. On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Guy de Boulogne, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• April 18, 1378 (Rome) – Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI

Pope Urban VI , born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389....
, crowned by Cardinal Giacomo Orsini, deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.

• October 31, 1378 (Fondi
Fondi

Fondi is a city and comune in the province of Latina, Lazio, central Italy, halfway between Rome and Naples. Before the construction of the highway between the latter cities in the late 1950s, Fondi had been an important settlement on the Roman Via Appia, which was the main connection from Rome to much of southern Italy....
) – Antipope Clement VII
Antipope Clement VII

Robert of Geneva was elected to the papacy as Clement VII by the French cardinal who opposed Pope Urban VI, and was the first Avignon Papacy of the Western Schism....
, crowned by Count Onorato Caetani (not a Cardinal).

• November 9, 1389 (Rome) – Pope Boniface IX
Pope Boniface IX

Pope Boniface IX , born Piero Tomacelli, was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November 2, 1389 – until October 1, 1404....
, crowned by Cardinal Tommaso Orsini, protodeacon of S. Maria in Domnica. On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Francesco Moricotti Prignano, bishop of Palestrina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• October 11, 1394 (Avignon) – Antipope Benedict XIII
Antipope Benedict XIII

Benedict XIII, born Pedro Mart?nez de Luna, , known as el Papa Luna in Aragonese and Spanish language, was an Aragon, and is officially considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be an Antipope....
, crowned by Cardinal Pierre de Vergne, deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata. On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Jean de Neufchatel, bishop of Ostia e Velletri.

• November 11, 1404 (Rome) – Pope Innocent VII
Pope Innocent VII

Pope Innocent VII, born Cosimo de' Migliorati , was briefly Pope at Rome, from 1404 to his death, during the Western Schism while there was a rival Pope, antipope Benedict XIII , at Avignon Papacy....
, crowned by Cardinal Landolfo Maramaldo, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.

• December 19, 1406 (Rome) – Pope Gregory XII
Pope Gregory XII

Pope Gregory XII , born Angelo Correr or Corraro, Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII on November 30, 1406. He was chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should antipope Benedict XIII , the rival Pope at Avignon, renounce all claim to the Papacy, he...
, crowned probably by Cardinal Landolfo Maramaldo, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.

• July 7, 1409 (Pisa
Pisa

Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa....
) – Antipope Alexander V
Antipope Alexander V

Alexander V was antipope during the Western Schism . He reigned from June 26, 1409, to his death in 1410 and is officially regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as an antipope....
, crowned by Cardinal Amadeo Saluzzo, protodeacon of S. Maria Nuova.

• May 25, 1410 (Bologna
Bologna

Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Po Valley , between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, exactly between the Reno River and the S?vena River....
) – Antipope John XXIII
Antipope John XXIII

Baldassarre Cossa , was antipope John XXIII during the Western Schism ....
, crowned by Cardinal Rinaldo Brancaccio
Rinaldo Brancaccio

Rinaldo Brancaccio was an Italy cardinal from the 14th and 15th century, during the Western Schism. There were other members of his family created cardinals : Landolfo Brancaccio ; Niccol? Brancaccio, pseudocardinal of Antipope Clement VII ; Ludovico Bonito ; Tommaso Brancaccio ; Francesco Maria Brancaccio and Stefano Brancaccio ....
, protodeacon of SS. Vito e Modesto. On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Jean Allarmet de Brogny, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• November 21, 1417 (Constance) – Pope Martin V
Pope Martin V

Pope Martin V , born Odo Colonna was Pope from 1417 to 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism ....
, crowned by Cardinal Rinaldo Brancaccio, protodeacon of SS. Vito e Modesto. On November 14 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Jean Allarmet de Brogny, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• May 19, 1426 (Peniscola
Peρνscola

Pen?scola is a Valencia municipality located on the Costa del Azahar along the eastern Mediterranean coast of Spain in the province of Castell? ....
) – Antipope Clement VIII
Antipope Clement VIII

Clement VIII was one of the antipopes of the Avignon line, reigning from 10 June 1423 to 26 July 1429. He was born between 1369-1370, as Gil Sanchez Mu?oz y Carb?n, and died on 28 December 1446....
, crowned by

• March 11, 1431 (Rome) – Pope Eugenius IV, crowned by Cardinal Lucido Conti, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin.

• June 24, 1440 (Basle) – Antipope Felix V
Antipope Felix V

Amadeus VIII was the son of Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. He was surnamed the Peaceful and was the Count of Savoy from 1391 to 1416 and was elevated by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor to the Duke of Savoy in 1416....
, crowned and consecrated by Cardinal Louis Aleman
Louis Aleman

Louis Aleman was a France Cardinal .He was born of a noble family at the castle of Arbent near Bugey. A relative was the Papal Chamberlain. He was successively bishop of Maguelonne , archbishop of Arles and Cardinal Priest of S....
, priest of S. Cecilia.

• March 19, 1447 (Rome) – Pope Nicholas V
Pope Nicholas V

Pope Nicholas V , born Tommaso Parentucelli, was Pope from March 6, 1447 to his death in 1455....
, crowned by Cardinal Prospero Colonna, protodeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.

• April 20, 1455 (Rome) – Pope Callistus III, crowned by Cardinal Prospero Colonna, protodeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.

• September 3, 1458 (Rome) – Pope Pius II
Pope Pius II

Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini was Pope from August 19, 1458 until his death in 1464. Pius II, "whose character reflects almost every tendency of the age in which he lived", was born at Corsignano in the Siena territory of a noble but decayed family....
, crowned by Cardinal Prospero Colonna, protodeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro.

• September 16, 1464 (Rome) – Pope Paul II
Pope Paul II

Pope Paul II , born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death in 1471....
, crowned by Cardinal Niccolς Fortiguerra
Niccolς Fortiguerra

Niccol? Fortiguerra was an Italian papal legate, military commander, and Cardinal .Born at Pistoia, he was related to Pope Pius II and is counted as a cardinal-nephew....
, priest of S. Cecilia.

• August 25, 1471 (Rome) – Pope Sixtus IV
Pope Sixtus IV

Pope Sixtus IV , born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. He founded the Sistine Chapel where the team of artists he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance to Rome with the first masterpiece of the city's new artistic age....
, crowned by Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano. On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• September 12, 1484 (Rome) – Pope Innocent VIII
Pope Innocent VIII

Pope Innocent VIII , born Giovanni Battista Cybo , was Pope from 1484 until his death....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini, protodeacon of S. Eustachio.

• August 26, 1492 (Rome) – Pope Alexander VI
Pope Alexander VI

Pope Alexander VI , born Roderic Llan?ol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja was Pope from 1492 to 1503. He is the most controversial of the Secularism popes of the Renaissance, and his surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini, protodeacon of S. Eustachio.

• October 8, 1503 (Rome) – Pope Pius III
Pope Pius III

Pope Pius III , born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September 22 to October 18, 1503.He was born in Siena, the nephew of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, the future Pope Pius II, by his sister Laodamia....
, crowned by Cardinal Raffaele Riario
Raffaele Riario

Raffaele Sansoni Galeoti Riario was an Italy Cardinal of the Renaissance, mainly known as the constructor of the Palazzo della Cancelleria and the one who invited Michelangelo to Rome....
, protodeacon of S. Lorenzo in Damaso. On October 1 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• November 26, 1503 (Rome) – Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II

Pope Julius II , nicknamed Il Papa Terribile , was born Giuliano della Rovere. He was Pope from 1503 to 1513. His reign was marked by an aggressive foreign policy, ambitious building projects, and patronage for the arts....
, crowned by Giovanni Cardinal Colonna, deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro.

• March 19, 1513 (Rome) – Pope Leo X
Pope Leo X

Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici was Pope from 1513 to his death. He was the last non-priest to be elected Pope. He is known primarily for the sale of indulgences to reconstruct St....
, crowned by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese
Pope Paul III

Pope Paul III , born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1534 to his death in 1549. He also called the Council of Trent in 1545....
, protodeacon of S. Eustachio. On March 17 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Raffaele Riario, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• August 31, 1522 (Rome) – Pope Adrian VI
Pope Adrian VI

Pope Adrian VI , born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, served as Bishop of Rome from 9 January 1522 until his death some 18 months later. He was the last non-Italian pope until John Paul II, 456 years later....
, crowned by Marco Cardinal Cornaro, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• November 26, 1523 (Rome) – Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII

Pope Clement VII , born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a Cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534....
, crowned by Cardinal Marco Cornaro, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• November 3, 1534 (Rome) – Pope Paul III
Pope Paul III

Pope Paul III , born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1534 to his death in 1549. He also called the Council of Trent in 1545....
, crowned by Cardinal Innocenzo Cibo, protodeacon of S. Maria in Domnica.

• February 22, 1550 (Rome) – Pope Julius III
Pope Julius III

Pope Julius III , born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from February 7, 1550 to 1555....
, crowned by Cardinal Innocenzo Cibo, protodeacon of S. Maria in Domnica.

• April 10, 1555 (Rome) – Pope Marcellus II
Pope Marcellus II

Pope Marcellus II , born Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi was Pope from 5 April 1555, succeeding Pope Julius III. Before his accession as Pope he had been Cardinal of Santa Croce....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Pisani
Francesco Pisani

Francesco Pisani was an Italian Cardinal , from 1517.He was bishop of Padua in 1524, bishop of Narbonne in 1551, bishop of Albano in 1555, bishop of Frascati in 1557, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1562,and bishop of Ostia in 1564....
, protodeacon of S. Marco. On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Gian Pietro Carafa, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• May 26, 1555 (Rome) – Pope Paul IV
Pope Paul IV

Pope Paul IV , n? Giovanni Pietro Carafa, was Pope from May 23, 1555 until his death.Giovanni Pietro Carafa was born in Capriglia Irpina, near Avellino, into a prominent noble family of Naples....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Pisani, protodeacon of S. Marco.

• January 6, 1560 (Rome) – Pope Pius IV
Pope Pius IV

Pope Pius IV , born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565. He is notable for presiding over the culmination of the Council of Trent....
, crowned by Alessandro Cardinal Farnese
Alessandro Cardinal Farnese

Alessandro Cardinal Farnese was an Italian cardinal and diplomat, a great collector and patron of the arts. He was the grandson of Pope Paul III , and the son of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, Duke of Parma who was murdered in 1547....
, protodeacon of S. Lorenzo in Damaso.

• January 17, 1566 (Rome) – Pope Pius V
Pope Pius V

Pope Saint Pius V , born Antonio Ghislieri was Pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. He is chiefly notable for his role in the implementation of the Council of Trent, the Counterreformation and the standardisation of the liturgy....
, crowned by Cardinal Giulio Feltre della Rovere, protodeacon of S. Pietro in Vincoli

• May 25, 1572 (Rome) – Pope Gregory XIII
Pope Gregory XIII

Pope Gregory XIII , born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585....
, crowned by Cardinal Innocenzo del Monte, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• May 1, 1585 (Rome) – Pope Sixtus V
Pope Sixtus V

Pope Sixtus V , born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope from 1585 to 1590....
, crowned by Cardinal Ferdinando de’ Medici, deacon of S. Maria in Domnica.

• December 8, 1590 (Rome) – Pope Gregory XIV
Pope Gregory XIV

Pope Gregory XIV , born Niccol? Sfondrati, was Pope from December 5, 1590 to October 16, 1591....
, crowned by Cardinal Andreas von Austria, protodeacon of S. Maria Nuova.

• November 3, 1591 (Rome) – Pope Innocent IX
Pope Innocent IX

Pope Innocent IX , born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was Pope from October 29, 1591 through his death on December 30 of the same year. Prior to his short papacy, he had been a Canon law yer, diplomat, and chief administrator during the reign of Pope Gregory XIV ....
, crowned by Cardinal Andreas von Austria, protodeacon of S. Maria Nuova.

• February 9, 1592 (Rome) – Pope Clement VIII
Pope Clement VIII

Pope Clement VIII , born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was Pope from January 30, 1592 to March 3, 1605....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora, deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata. On February 2 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Alfonso Gesualdo
Alfonso Gesualdo

Alfonso Gesualdo was an Italian Cardinal , from 1561. He was from Naples.He was archbishop of Conza in 1564, bishop of Albano in 1583, bishop of Frascati in 1587, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1589, bishop of Ostia in 1591, archbishop of Naples in 1596....
, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• April 29, 1605 (Rome) – Pope Leo XI
Pope Leo XI

Pope Leo XI , born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was Pope from April 1, 1605 to April 27 of the same year....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• May 29, 1605 (Rome) – Pope Paul V
Pope Paul V

Pope Paul V , born Camillo Borghese, was Pope from May 16, 1605 until his death....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• February 14, 1621 (Rome) – Pope Gregory XV
Pope Gregory XV

Pope Gregory XV , born Alessandro Ludovisi, was pope from 1621, succeeding Pope Paul V on February 9, 1621....
, crowned by Cardinal Andrea Baroni Peretti Montalto, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• September 29, 1623 (Rome) – Pope Urban VIII
Pope Urban VIII

Pope Urban VIII , born Maffeo Barberini, was Pope from 1623 to 1644. He was the last Pope to expand the papal territory by force of arms, and was a prominent patron of the arts and reformer of Church missions....
, crowned by Cardinal Alessandro d'Este, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• October 4, 1644 (Rome) – Pope Innocent X
Pope Innocent X

Pope Innocent X , born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj , was Pope from 1644 to 1655. Born in Rome of a family from Gubbio in Umbria who had come to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Innocent IX, he graduated from the Collegio Romano and followed a conventional cursus honorum, following his uncle Girolamo Pamphilj as auditor of the Rot...
, crowned by Cardinal Carlo de Medici, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.

• April 16, 1655 (Rome) – Pope Alexander VII
Pope Alexander VII

Pope Alexander VII , born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from April 7, 1655, until his death....
, crowned by Cardinal Teodoro Trivulzio, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• June 26, 1667 (Rome) – Pope Clement IX
Pope Clement IX

Pope Clement IX , born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 1667 to 1669....
, crowned by Cardinal Rinaldo d'Este
Rinaldo d'Este

Rinaldo d'Este was Duke of Modena from 1695 until his death....
, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano.

• May 11, 1670 (Rome) – Pope Clement X
Pope Clement X

Pope Clement X , born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from April 29, 1670 to July 22, 1676....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Maidalchini, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• October 4, 1676 (Rome) – Pope Innocent XI
Pope Innocent XI

Pope Innocent XI , born Benedetto Odescalchi, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1676 to 1689....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Maidalchini, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• October 16, 1689 (Rome) – Pope Alexander VIII
Pope Alexander VIII

Pope Alexander VIII , born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 1689 to 1691....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Maidalchini, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• July 15, 1691 (Rome) – Pope Innocent XII
Pope Innocent XII

Pope Innocent XII , born Antonio Pignatelli was Pope from 1691 to 1700. He was the successor of Pope Alexander VIII ....
, crowned by Cardinal Urbano Sacchetti, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• December 8, 1700 (Rome) – Pope Clement XI
Pope Clement XI

Pope Clement XI , born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death....
, crowned by Cardinal Benedetto Pamphilj, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata. On November 30 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal de Bouillon, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• May 18, 1721 (Rome) – Pope Innocent XIII
Pope Innocent XIII

Pope Innocent XIII was pope from 1721 until his death.He was born Michelangelo Conti in Poli, Italy, near Rome. Like Pope Innocent III , Pope Gregory IX and Pope Alexander IV , he was a member of the family of the Conti, counts and dukes of Segni....
, crowned by Cardinal Benedetto Pamphilj, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• June 4, 1724 (Rome) – Pope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII

Pope Benedict XIII , born Pietro Francesco Orsini, later Vincenzo Maria Orsini, was pope from 1724 until his death. He succeeded Pope Innocent XIII ....
, crowned by Cardinal Benedetto Pamphilj, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• July 16, 1730 (Rome) – Pope Clement XII
Pope Clement XII

Pope Clement XII , born Lorenzo Corsini, was Pope from July 12 1730 to 6 February 1740.Born in Florence, the son of Bartolomeo Corsini, Marquis of Casigliano and his wife Isabella Strozzi, sister of the Duke of Bagnuolo, Corsini had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding pontiffs....
, crowned by Cardinal Lorenzo Altieri, protodeacon of S. Agata in Suburra.

• August 21, 1740 (Rome) – Pope Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XIV

Pope Benedict XIV , born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758....
, crowned by Cardinal Carlo Maria Marini, deacon of S. Agata in Suburra.

• July 16, 1758 (Rome) – Pope Clement XIII
Pope Clement XIII

Pope Clement XIII , born Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico, was Pope from 16 July 1758 to 2 February 1769.He was born to a recently ennobled family of Venice, received a Society of Jesus education in Bologna and became a Cardinal in 1737....
, crowned by Cardinal Alessandro Albani, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• June 4, 1769 (Rome) – Pope Clement XIV
Pope Clement XIV

Pope Clement XIV , born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was Pope from 1769 to 1774. At the time of his election, he was the only Franciscan friar in the College of Cardinals....
, crowned by Cardinal Alessandro Albani, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata. On May 28 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Federico Marcello Lante, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• February 22, 1775 (Rome) – Pope Pius VI
Pope Pius VI

Pope Pius VI , born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, Pope from 1775 to 1799, was born at Cesena....
, crowned by Cardinal Alessandro Albani, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata. On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Giovanni Francesco Cardinal Albani, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• March 21, 1800 (Venice
Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
) – Pope Pius VII
Pope Pius VII

Pope Pius VII, Order of Saint Benedict , born Count Barnaba Niccol? Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Pope from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823....
, crowned by Cardinal Antonio Doria Pamphilj
Antonio Doria Pamphilj

Antonio Cardinal Doria Pamphilj was an Italian clergyman from a prominent Neapolitan noble family of Genoa heritage. As protodeacon, he announced the election of cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti Pope Pius VII's election at the end of the Papal conclave of 1800....
, protodeacon of S. Maria ad Martyres.

• October 5, 1823 (Rome) – Pope Leo XII
Pope Leo XII

Pope Leo XII , born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga, was Pope from 1823 to 1829....
, crowned by Cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo
Fabrizio Ruffo

Fabrizio Ruffo was an Italy Cardinal and politician, who led the popular anti-republican Sanfedismo movement ....
, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata.

• April 5, 1829 (Rome) – Pope Pius VIII
Pope Pius VIII

Pope Pius VIII , born Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, was Pope in 1829 and 1830....
, crowned by Cardinal Giuseppe Albani, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata

• February 6, 1831 (Rome) – Pope Gregory XVI
Pope Gregory XVI

Pope Gregory XVI , born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, named Mauro as a member of the religious order of the Camaldolese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1831 to 1846....
, crowned by Cardinal Giuseppe Albani, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata. On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals.

• June 21, 1846 (Rome) – Pope Pius IX
Pope Pius IX

Blessed Pope Pius IX , born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was Pope from June 16, 1846 until his death. His was the longest reign in Church history, lasting 32 years....
, crowned by Cardinal Tommaso Riario Sforza
Tommaso Riario Sforza

Tommaso Cardinal Riario Sforza was an Italian clergyman from an aristocratic Neapolitan family. As protodeacon, he announced the election of cardinal Giovanni Mastai-Ferretti at the end of the Papal conclave of 1846....
, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata

• March 3, 1878 (Rome) – Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII

Pope Leo XIII , born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903, succeeding Pope Pius IX....
, crowned by Cardinal Teodolfo Mertel, deacon of S. Eustachio

• August 9, 1903 (Rome) – Pope Pius X
Pope Pius X

Pope St. Pius X , born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was the 257th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, serving from 1903 to 1914, succeeding Pope Leo XIII ....
, crowned by Cardinal Luigi Macchi
Luigi Macchi

Luigi Cardinal Macchi was an Italian Catholic clergyman and nobleman. As protodeacon, he announced the election of cardinal Giuseppe Sarto at the end of the Papal conclave of 1903....
, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata

• September 6, 1914 (Rome) – Pope Benedict XV
Pope Benedict XV

Pope Benedict XV , , , born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, reigned as Pope from September 3, 1914 to January 22, 1922, succeeding Pope Pius X ....
, crowned by Cardinal Francesco Salesio Della Volpe
Francesco Salesio Della Volpe

Francesco Salesio Della Volpe was an Italy Catholic Cardinal from a noble family. As protodeacon, he announced the election of cardinal Giacomo Della Chiesa to the papacy, at the end of the Papal conclave of 1914....
, protodeacon of S. Maria in Aquiro

• February 12, 1922 (Rome) – Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI

Pope Pius XI , born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, reigned as Pope from February 6, 1922, and as sovereignty of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on February 11, 1929 until his death on February 10, 1939....
, crowned by Cardinal Gaetano Bisleti
Gaetano Bisleti

Gaetano Bisleti Doctor of Sacred Theology was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was former Congregation for Catholic Education.Gaetano Bisleti was born in Veroli, Italy....
, protodeacon of S. Agata in Suburra

• March 12, 1939 (Rome, Vatican City
Vatican City

Vatican City , officially the State of the Vatican City , is a Landlocked country sovereignty city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, the Capital of Italy....
) – Pope Pius XII
Pope Pius XII

Pope Pius XII , born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli , reigned as the 260th pope, head of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City, from March 2, 1939 until his death in 1958....
, crowned by Cardinal Camillo Caccia-Dominioni
Camillo Caccia-Dominioni

Camillo Caccia-Dominioni was an Italy Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Prefect of the Prefecture of the Pontifical Household from 1921 to 1935, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 1935....
, protodeacon of S. Maria in Domnica

• November 4, 1958 (Rome, Vatican City) – Pope John XXIII
Pope John XXIII

Blessed Pope John XXIII , born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli , known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City on 28 October 1958....
, crowned by Cardinal Nicola Canali
Nicola Canali

Nicola Canali was an Italy Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State from 1939 and as Apostolic Penitentiary from 1941 until his death, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 1935....
, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano

• June 30, 1963 (Rome, Vatican City) – Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI

Pope Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978....
, crowned by Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, protodeacon of S. Maria in Domnica (the last papal coronation).

Footnotes


See also

  • Papal Tiara
    Papal Tiara

    The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin language as the 'Triregnum', and in Italian language as the 'Triregno', is the three-tiered Gemstone papal Crown , supposedly of Byzantine Empire and Persian Empire origin, that is a prominent symbol of the Pope....
  • Papal Inauguration
    Papal Inauguration

    The Papal Inauguration Mass is a liturgy of the Catholic Church for the ecclesiastical investiture of the Pope. It no longer includes the millennium-old Papal Coronation ceremony....
  • Papal regalia and insignia
    Papal regalia and insignia

    Papal regalia and insignia are the official items of attire and decoration proper to the Pope in his capacity as the head of the Roman Catholic Church and Monarch of the Vatican City....


External links

  • a detailed account
  • shows photos of several Papal Coronations