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Antipope John XXIII
 
 
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Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 November 1419), was antipope
Antipope

An antipope is a person who, in opposition to a sitting Bishop of Rome, makes a widely accepted claim to be the Pope. In the past, antipopes were typically those supported by a fairly significant faction of cardinal and kingdoms....
 John XXIII during the Western Schism
Western Schism

The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. By its end, three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope....
 (1410–1415).

assarre Cardinal Cossa was born in Procida
Procida

Procida is one of the Phlegrean fields off the coast of Naples in southern Italy. The island is between Cape Miseno and the island of Ischia. With its tiny satellite island of Vivara, it is a comune of the province of Naples, in the region of Campania....
 (according to other sources, Ischia
Ischia

Ischia is a volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. The roughly trapezoidal island lies c. 30 km from Naples and measures around 10 km east to west and 7 km north to south with a 34 km coastline and a surface area of 46.3 km?....
).

He was one of the seven cardinal
Cardinal (Catholicism)

A cardinal is a senior Ecclesiology official, usually a Bishop , of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope....
s who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII
Pope Gregory XII

Pope Gregory XII , born Angelo Correr or Corraro, Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII on November 30, 1406. He was chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should antipope Benedict XIII , the rival Pope at Avignon, renounce all claim to the Papacy, he...
, and, with those belonging to the obedience of Antipope Benedict XIII
Antipope Benedict XIII

Benedict XIII, born Pedro Mart?nez de Luna, , known as el Papa Luna in Aragonese and Spanish language, was an Aragon, and is officially considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be an Antipope....
, convened the Council of Pisa
Council of Pisa

The Council of Pisa was an unrecognized ecumenical conference of the Roman Catholic Church held in 1409 that attempted to end the Western Schism....
, of which Cossa became the leader. They elected Pope Alexander V in 1409.






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Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 November 1419), was antipope
Antipope

An antipope is a person who, in opposition to a sitting Bishop of Rome, makes a widely accepted claim to be the Pope. In the past, antipopes were typically those supported by a fairly significant faction of cardinal and kingdoms....
 John XXIII during the Western Schism
Western Schism

The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. By its end, three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope....
 (1410–1415).

Biography

Baldassarre Cardinal Cossa was born in Procida
Procida

Procida is one of the Phlegrean fields off the coast of Naples in southern Italy. The island is between Cape Miseno and the island of Ischia. With its tiny satellite island of Vivara, it is a comune of the province of Naples, in the region of Campania....
 (according to other sources, Ischia
Ischia

Ischia is a volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. The roughly trapezoidal island lies c. 30 km from Naples and measures around 10 km east to west and 7 km north to south with a 34 km coastline and a surface area of 46.3 km?....
).

He was one of the seven cardinal
Cardinal (Catholicism)

A cardinal is a senior Ecclesiology official, usually a Bishop , of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope....
s who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII
Pope Gregory XII

Pope Gregory XII , born Angelo Correr or Corraro, Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII on November 30, 1406. He was chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should antipope Benedict XIII , the rival Pope at Avignon, renounce all claim to the Papacy, he...
, and, with those belonging to the obedience of Antipope Benedict XIII
Antipope Benedict XIII

Benedict XIII, born Pedro Mart?nez de Luna, , known as el Papa Luna in Aragonese and Spanish language, was an Aragon, and is officially considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be an Antipope....
, convened the Council of Pisa
Council of Pisa

The Council of Pisa was an unrecognized ecumenical conference of the Roman Catholic Church held in 1409 that attempted to end the Western Schism....
, of which Cossa became the leader. They elected Pope Alexander V in 1409. Cossa succeeded him a year later.

Edward Gibbon
Edward Gibbon

Edward Gibbon was an English historian and Member of Parliament. His most important work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788....
 asserts in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire was written by England historian Edward Gibbon and published in six volumes. Volume I was published in 1776, and went through six printings....
 that John XXIII was charged with piracy
Piracy

Piracy is a warlike act committed by a foreign nonstate actor, especially robbery or crime committed at sea, on a river, or sometimes on shore, either from a vessel flying no national flag, or one flying a national flag but without authorization from a nation....
, murder
Murder

Murder as defined in common law countries, is the unlawful killing of another human being with intent , and generally this state of mind distinguishes murder from other forms of unlawful homicide....
, rape
Rape

Rape, also referred to as sexual assault, is an assault by a person involving sexual intercourse with or sexual penetration of another person without that person's consent....
, simony
Simony

Simony is the ecclesiastical crime of paying for holy offices or positions in the hierarchy of a church, named after Simon Magus, who appears in the Acts of the Apostles 8:18-24....
, and incest
Incest

Incest refers to any sexual activity between closely related persons that is illegal or socially taboo. The type of sexual activity and the nature of the relationship between persons that constitutes a breach of law or social taboo vary with culture and jurisdiction....
, with the more serious charges being suppressed. Of course, this must be viewed in the light of the political situation of the time, as the charges were likely trumped up; note the similarity to the charges against the Knights Templar
Knights Templar

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon , commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order of the Temple , were among the most famous of the History of Christianity#Sanctification of knighthood military orders....
.

Grabmaljohannes13
He should not be confused with Pope John XXIII
Pope John XXIII

Blessed Pope John XXIII , born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli , known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City on 28 October 1958....
 of the twentieth century. The fact that there were a number of Popes named John during the first 1400 years of the Church and then no more for over 500 years is probably due to the controversial figure this Antipope represented. When Angelo Cardinal Roncalli
Pope John XXIII

Blessed Pope John XXIII , born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli , known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City on 28 October 1958....
 was elected and became Pope John, there was some confusion as to whether he would be John XXIII or John XXIV; he then declared that he was John XXIII to put this question to rest. The decision of the twentieth century Pope John XXIII not to be named John XXIV as might be expected serves as a confirmation of the antipope status of this first John XXIII. It should be noted, however, that the numbering of the Popes called John is debatable (as there was no John XX
Pope John XX

There has never been a Pope John XX, because the 20th pope of this name, formerly Pope John XXI, decided to skip the number XX and to be counted as John XXI instead....
); for example, Gibbon refers to the Antipope John as John XXII. So, if one day the Church considers Alexander V and John XXIII/Cossa to be legitimate Popes, it's not a problem because, for there's no a John XX, pontifical names of John XXI, John XXII and John XXIII/Cossa can be changed in John XX, John XXI and John XXII. Name of John XXIII/Roncalli wouldn't be changed however.

With the aid of the Emperor Sigismund, Pope John convened the Council of Constance
Council of Constance

In the Roman Catholic Church, the Council of Constance is the 16th ecumenical council. It was held from 1414 to 1418. The council resolved the Western Schism, in which three men simultaneously claimed to be pope....
 in 1415. During the third session rival Pope Gregory XII
Pope Gregory XII

Pope Gregory XII , born Angelo Correr or Corraro, Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII on November 30, 1406. He was chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should antipope Benedict XIII , the rival Pope at Avignon, renounce all claim to the Papacy, he...
 authorized the council as well, and soon both Popes abdicated in favor of Pope Martin V
Pope Martin V

Pope Martin V , born Odo Colonna was Pope from 1417 to 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism ....
. Cossa, as he was again, was briefly imprisoned in Germany before being freed by Martin V in 1418.

He died in Florence, as cardinal bishop of Tusculum
Tusculum

Tusculum is the classical Roman name of a major ancient Alban Hills city, in the Latium region of Italy....
, in 1419. He is buried in a tomb
Tomb of Antipope John XXIII

The Tomb of Antipope John XXIII is the marble tomb Church monument of Antipope Antipope John XXIII , created by Donatello and Michelozzo for the Florence Baptistry adjacent to Florence Cathedral....
 in the Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence.

See also


  • Western Schism
    Western Schism

    The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. By its end, three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope....
  • Tomb of Antipope John XXIII
    Tomb of Antipope John XXIII

    The Tomb of Antipope John XXIII is the marble tomb Church monument of Antipope Antipope John XXIII , created by Donatello and Michelozzo for the Florence Baptistry adjacent to Florence Cathedral....


External links

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