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Shenyang , or Mukden ( in Manchu
Manchu language

Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus....
), is a sub-provincial city
Sub-provincial city

A sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is like a prefecture-level city that is ruled by a province of China, but is administered independently in regard to Economics and law....
 and capital
Capital City

Capital City was a television show produced by Euston Films which focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman....
 of Liaoning
Liaoning

is a Northeast China political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is Liao ."Li?o" is an ancient name for this region, which was adopted by the Liao Dynasty which ruled this area between 907 and 1125....
 province in Northeast China
Northeast China

Northeast China is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers, from North Korea by the Yalu River and Tumen River, and from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region by the Greater Khingan Range....
.

Along with its nearby cities, Shenyang is an important industrial center in China, and the transportation and commercial centre of China's northeastern region.

The city was also known as Shengjing or Fengtian.

History
The city’s name, Shenyang, literally meaning "the city to the north of Shen River", comes from the Hun River
Hun River

Hun River is a river in Liaoning Province, China, and one of the tributaries of the Liao River. The Hun river was formerly known as Shen River ....
 on the city’s south side, which used to be called Shen River.






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Encyclopedia


Shenyang , or Mukden ( in Manchu
Manchu language

Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus....
), is a sub-provincial city
Sub-provincial city

A sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is like a prefecture-level city that is ruled by a province of China, but is administered independently in regard to Economics and law....
 and capital
Capital City

Capital City was a television show produced by Euston Films which focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman....
 of Liaoning
Liaoning

is a Northeast China political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is Liao ."Li?o" is an ancient name for this region, which was adopted by the Liao Dynasty which ruled this area between 907 and 1125....
 province in Northeast China
Northeast China

Northeast China is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers, from North Korea by the Yalu River and Tumen River, and from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region by the Greater Khingan Range....
.

Along with its nearby cities, Shenyang is an important industrial center in China, and the transportation and commercial centre of China's northeastern region.

The city was also known as Shengjing or Fengtian.

History


The city’s name, Shenyang, literally meaning "the city to the north of Shen River", comes from the Hun River
Hun River

Hun River is a river in Liaoning Province, China, and one of the tributaries of the Liao River. The Hun river was formerly known as Shen River ....
 on the city’s south side, which used to be called Shen River. Archaeological findings show that human beings resided in present day Shenyang as early as 7,200 years ago. The City of Shenyang was first established by Qin Kai
Qin Kai

Qin Kai , was a general of the Yan during the Warring States Period of China. He was once sent by Yan to Donghu as Hostage. Later, He returned to Yan ....
, a general of Yan
Yan (state)

Yan was a state during the Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods in China. Its capital was Ji .During the first years of the Zhou Dynasty, Yan was located near the Yellow River, but after the failed revolt led by the leaders of the Shang Dynasty, the fiefdom was relocated further north in what is now Hebei Province t...
 in the Warring States period
Warring States Period

The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, covers the period from 476 BCE to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE....
 about 300 B.C. It was named as Hou City (Chinese: ??) at that time. It became known as Shen Prefecture in the Jin Dynasty and Shenyang Path (Chinese: ???) in the Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was both the continuation of the Mongol Empire and the Mongol founded historical state in Mongolia and China, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368....
. During the Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
, it became Shenyang Zhongwei (Chinese: ????).

In 1625, the Manchu
Manchu

The Manchu people are a Tungusic peoples who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the seventeenth century, with the help of Ming rebels , they conquered the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until its abolition in 1911 after the Xinhai Revolution, which established Republic of China in its place....
 leader Nurhaci
Nurhaci

Nurhaci is considered to be the founding father of the Manchu state. Nurhaci is also credited with ordering the creation of a written script for the Manchu language....
 moved his capital to Shenyang, or Simiyan hoton as it is called in Manchu
Manchu language

Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus....
. The official name was changed to Shengjing in Chinese
Chinese language

Chinese or the Sinitic language is a language family consisting of language mutually unintelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the two branches of Sino-Tibetan languages of languages....
, or Mukden in Manchu, in 1634. The name derives from the Manchu word, mukdembi, meaning "to rise", and this is reflected by its Chinese name, which means "rising capital". Shenyang remained the capital of the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
 until the relocation of the capital to Beijing
Beijing

is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
 in 1644 after the fall of Ming dynasty
Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
. However, it retained considerable prestige as the older capital, treasures of the royal house were kept at its palaces, and the tombs of the early Qing rulers were once among the most famous monuments in China. In 1657, Fengtian Prefecture (Chinese: ???; Pinyin: Fèngtian fu; Manchu: Abkai imiyangga fu or Fungtyian, "obeying heaven") was established in the Shenyang area, and Fengtian was sometimes used synonymously with Shenyang/Mukden. In 1914, the city changed back to its old name Shenyang. However, Shenyang continued to be known as Mukden in some English sources (sometimes spelled Moukden) through much of the 20th century.

With the building of the South Manchurian Railway, Mukden became a Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n stronghold. During the Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War or the Manchurian Campaign in some English sources, was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialism ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea....
 (1904-1905), Mukden was the site of the Battle of Mukden
Battle of Mukden

The Battle of Mukden , the last major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought from 20 February to 10 March 1905 between Japan and Russia near Mukden in Manchuria....
 from on 19 February 1905 – 10 March 1905. It was the largest battle since the battle of Leipzig
Battle of Leipzig

The Battle of Leipzig or Battle of the Nations, fought on 16?19 October, 1813, was one of the most decisive defeats suffered by Napoleon Bonaparte....
 in 1813. Following the Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
ese victory, the Japanese concession at Mukden was one of the chief bases for Japanese economic expansion into southern Manchuria
Manchuria

Manchuria is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria either falls entirely within People's Republic of China, or is divided between China and Russia....
. It was also the seat of the Chinese viceroy
Viceroy

A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king....
 of the three Manchurian provinces. In the 1920s, Mukden was the capital of the warlord Zhang Zuolin
Zhang Zuolin

Zhang Zu?l?n , nicknamed the "Old Marshal" , "Rain Marshal" ....
, who was killed when his train was blown up
Huanggutun Incident

Huanggutun Incident was an assassination plotted by Japanese Kantogun that targeted Fengtian clique warlord Zhang Zuolin. It took place on June 4, 1928 at Huanggutun rail station near Shenyang in which Zhang's train was destroyed by an explosion....
 near Mukden at a Japanese-guarded railway bridge.

In the early 1900s, Shenyang began expanding out of its old city walls. Shenyang Railway Station on the South Manchurian Railway and the Shenyang North Railway Station (today's old north station) on the Jingfeng railway
Jingha railway

The Jingha railway is the rail transport that connects Beijing with Harbin in Heilongjiang Province, in mainland China. It spans 1388 kilometers....
 became new commercial centers of Shenyang. Several factories was built by Chang Tso-lin
Zhang Zuolin

Zhang Zu?l?n , nicknamed the "Old Marshal" , "Rain Marshal" ....
 to manufacture ammunition
Ammunition

Ammunition, often referred to as ammo, is a generic term derived from the French language la munition which embraced all material used for war , but which in time came to refer specifically to gunpowder and artillery....
 in northern and eastern suburb. These factories laid the foundation for Shenyang's industrial development.

The Mukden Incident
Mukden Incident

On September 18, 1931, near Mukden in southern Manchuria, a section of railroad owned by Empire of Japan's South Manchuria Railway was dynamited. The Imperial Japanese Army, accusing China dissidents of the act, responded with the invasion of Manchuria, leading to the establishment of Manchukuo the following year....
 (18 September 1931), which gave the Japanese the pretext to create the Manchukuo
Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia. The region was the Qing Dynasty's historical homeland, created by former Qing Dynasty officials with help from Imperial Japan in 1932....
 state, took place near Shenyang. During the Manchukuo era (1932-1945) the city was called Fengtian again. During the Japanese occupation, Shenyang was developed into a heavy industry center.

Soviet
Red Army

The Red Army was the armed force first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and, in 1922, became the army of the Soviet Union....
 forces occupied Shenyang in early August 1945 on the surrender of Japan. The Soviets were replaced by the Nationalist Chinese, who were flown in on US transport planes. During the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War

The Chinese Civil War or , which lasted from April 1927 to May 1950, was a civil war in China between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party ....
, Shenyang remained a Kuomintang
Kuomintang

The Kuomintang of China , also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is the founding and the ruling party of the Republic of China ....
 stronghold from 1946–1948, although the Chinese communists
Communist Party of China

The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and the ruling party of the People's Republic of China and the world's largest political party....
 controlled the surrounding countryside. It was captured by the communists on 30 October 1948 following a series of offensives known as the Liaoshen Campaign
Liaoshen Campaign

Liaoshen Campaign , literally the abbreviation of Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign, was part of the three major campaigns launched by the People's Liberation Army during the late stage of the Chinese Civil War....
. Since 1949, Shenyang became one of the most important heavy industry centers of China.

Xinle Remains

The remains of the Xinle culture
Xinle culture

The Xinle Civilization was a Neolithic culture in northeast China, found primarily around the lower Liao River on the Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning....
, a Neolithic period society over 7,200 years old, are located in a museum in the north part of Huanggu District. It is complemented by a recreated village on site. A wood-sculptured bird unearthed there is the earliest cultural relic in Shenyang, as well as one of oldest wood sculptures found anywhere in the world.

Old City

Shenyang used to have two city walls. The inner city wall was built in 1625. Most of it was rebuilt on the old city wall of Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
, and the city wall gates were increased from four to eight. The outer city wall was built in 1680 to protect the urban area outside the inner city wall, which also had eight gates. The total length of the outer city wall is around 16 km. Nearly all of the city walls were demolished after 1949. Two gates and one corner tower of the inner city wall have been rebuilt during the 1990s.

Around 2.5 km outside Shenyang outer city wall, there were four pagoda
Pagoda

A pagoda is the general term in the English language for a tiered tower with multiple eaves common in China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia....
s and four temples, namely, East Pagoda/Yongguang Temple, South Pagoda/Guangci Temple, West Pagoda/Yanshou Temple, and North Pagoda/Falun Temple. They were built in 1643. The four Pagodas are identical Buddha-stupa
Stupa

A stupa is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, once thought to be places of Buddhist worship, typically the remains of a Buddha or saint....
 as high as 26m. Only the North Pagoda and Temple is well preserved. As for the East and the South, only the Pagodas are left. The West Pagoda was rebuit in 1998.

Both Temple of Heaven
Temple of Heaven

The Temple of Heaven, literally the Altar of Heaven is a complex of Taoism buildings situated in southeastern urban Beijing, in Xuanwu District, Beijing....
 and Temple of Earth also were to be found in the old city during the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
, smaller replicas of Beijing's counterparts. Neither exists today.

Economy

Shenyang is an important industrial center in China. It has been focused on heavy industry, particularly aerospace, machine tools, heavy equipment, and defence, and recently, on software, automotive, and electronics. During the first five-year plan (1951-1956), many factories were built in Tiexi district. At its peak (1970s), Shenyang is one of the top three industrial centers in China (the other two are Shanghai
Shanghai

Shanghai is the List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population in China and one of the List of metropolitan areas by population in the world, with over 20 million people....
 and Tianjin
Tianjin

is the third largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipality that have Political divisions of China status, reporting directly to the central government....
). However, after the 1980s, the heavy industry has declined gradually and Shenyang has become a rust belt
Rust Belt

The Rust Belt, sometimes called the Manufacturing Belt, is an area in parts of the Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic States, and portions of the Upper Midwest....
 city. The economy of the city has revived significantly in recent years, thanks to Chinese government's "Revitalize Northeast China
Revitalize Northeast China

Revitalize The Old Northeast Industrial Bases , also Revitalize Northeast China or Northeast China Revitalization, is a policy adopted by the People's Republic of China in 2003 to rejuvenate the Industry bases in the northeastern China....
" campaign and the rapid development of software and auto manufacture industries.

Many major industrial companies have their headquarters in Shenyang. Brilliance China Auto
Brilliance China Auto

Brilliance China Auto, also known as Huachen , is an automobile manufacturer based in Shenyang, Liaoning in the People's Republic of China.China Automotive Company Ltd....
 is a major Chinese automobile manufacturer, and most of its production plants are also located in Shenyang. Shenyang Aircraft Corporation
Shenyang Aircraft Corporation

Shenyang Aircraft Corporation is a China civilian and military aircraft manufacturer located in Shenyang. Founded in 1953, it is one of the oldest and the most important aircraft manufacturers in the People's Republic of China....
 produces airplanes for civilian use as well as for the PLAAF. Neusoft Group
Neusoft Group

Neusoft Corporation or Neusoft Group Ltd. is the largest software development and IT Services company in China, founded in 1991. As of January 2009, Neusoft employed over 15,000 employees....
 is the biggest software company in China. Shenyang Machine Tool Group is the largest machine tool
Machine tool

A machine tool is a powered mechanical device, typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by machining, which is the selective removal of metal....
 manufacturer in China.

Industrial zones

  • Shenyang Economic & Technological Development Zone
  • Shenyang High-tech Industrial Development Zone


Cityscape


Demographics

Shenyang has a population of 7.2 million and its urban population is 4 million. By urban population, it is the largest city in northeastern China and among top ten largest cities in China
List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population

This list ranks cities in the People's Republic of China by population.According to the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China, there are three level of cities, namely municipality of China, prefecture-level city , and county-level cities....
.

Shenyang has 38 of China's 56 recognised ethnic groups, including the Han Chinese
Han Chinese

Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and, by most modern definitions, the largest single ethnic group in the Earth.Han Chinese constitute about 92 percent of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98 percent of the population of the Republic of China , 75 percent of the population of Singapore, and about 19 percent...
 majority that make up 91.26% of Shenyang's population. The 37 minority groups are Manchu
Manchu

The Manchu people are a Tungusic peoples who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the seventeenth century, with the help of Ming rebels , they conquered the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until its abolition in 1911 after the Xinhai Revolution, which established Republic of China in its place....
, Korean
Ethnic Koreans in China

The population of Koreans in China include millions of descendants of Korean immigrants with citizenship of the People's Republic of China, as well as smaller groups of South and North Korean expatriates, with a total of roughly 2.7 million people ....
, Hui
Hui people

The Hui people are a Ethnic groups in China, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. Hui is the abbreviation of the full name Huihui "??"....
, Xibe
Xibe

The Xibe are an ethnic group living mostly in northeast China and Xinjiang. They form one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Mongolian
Ethnic Mongols in China

Ethnic Mongols in China are citizens of the People's Republic of China who are ethnic Mongols. They form one of the 55 ethnic minorities in China officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Zhuang
Zhuang

The Zhuang are an ethnic group of people who mostly live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. They form one of the Chinese nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Miao
Miao people

The Miao are a linguistically and culturally related group of people recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China as one of the list of ethnic groups in China....
, Tujia
Tujia

The Tujia , with a total population of over 8 million, is the 6th largest Chinese nationalities in People's Republic of China. They live in Wuling Range, straddling the common borders of Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou Provinces of China, and Chongqing Direct-controlled municipality....
, Dong
Dong people

The Dong people are an ethnic group. They form one of the Chinese nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, and are famed for their carpentry skills and unique architecture, in particular a form of covered bridge known as the "wind and rain bridge" ....
, Daur
Daur

This arcticle is about the Daur people and their language. For the Daur region of Pakistan, see Daur region----The Daur people are an ethnic group....
, Bai
Bai

The Bai are one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They numbered 1,858,063 as of 2000....
, Uyghur
Uyghur people

The Uyghur are a Turkic peoples of Central Asia. Many English speakers pronounce it as "wEEger" but the pronunciation "ooygOOr" is closer to native ....
, Tibetan
Tibetan people

group = Tibetans|image = File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-BB-046-03, Tibetexpedition, Tibeter.jpg|caption =|population = between 5 and 10 million...
, Yi
Yi people

The Yi people are a modern ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Numbering 8 million, they are the seventh largest of the Chinese nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Taiwanese Aboriginal People
Taiwanese aborigines

Taiwanese aborigines is the term commonly applied in reference to the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Although Taiwanese indigenous groups hold a variety of creation myth, recent research suggests their ancestors may have been living on the islands for approximately 8000 years before major Han Chinese immigration began in the 17th century ....
, She
She people

The She people are an ethnic group. They form one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Buyei
Buyei

The Buyei are an ethnic group living in southern mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Yao
Yao people

The Yao nationality is a government classification for various minorities in China. They form one of the Chinese nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they reside in the mountainous terrain of the southwest and south....
, Akha
Akha

The Akha are hill tribe of subsistence famers known for their artistry. The ethnic group may have originated in Mongolia around 1500 years ago....
, Kazakh
Kazakhs

The Kazakhs are a Turkic peoples of the northern parts of Central Asia ....
, Dai
Dai people

The 'Dai' peoples of People's Republic of China is the officially recognized name of several ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture , but by extension can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, and Burma when Dai is used to mean specifically 'Tai Lue', ...
, Li
Li people

The Li or Hlai are a minority Chinese ethnic group, sometimes colloquially known as "Sai" or "Say." They form one of the Chinese nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Shui
Shui

The 'Sui' people are an ethnic group living in the Guangxi, Guizhou, and Yunnan areas of southwestern China. They are counted as one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Nakhi
Nakhi

The Nakhi are an List of Chinese ethnic groups inhabiting the foothills of the Himalayas in the northwestern part of Yunnan Provinces of China, as well as the southwestern part of Sichuan Provinces of China in China....
, Jingpo
Jingpo

The Jingpo or Kachin people are an ethnic group who largely inhabit northern Burma . They also form one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they numbered 132,143 people in the 2000 census....
, Kyrgyz
Kyrgyz

The Kyrgyz are a Turkic peoples ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan....
, Tu
Tu people

The Monguor or Tu Zu people are ethnically Xianbei . They were classified into Tu Nationality by the Chinese Government in 1953 and are known as "Monguor" or "Mangghuer" in the Western publications....
, Mulao
Mulao

The Mulao people are an ethnic group. They form one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Qiang Maonan
Maonan

The Maonan people are an ethnic group. They are one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Gelao
Gelao

The Gelao people are an ethnic group of China and Vietnam. They form one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Russian
Ethnic Russians in China

Russians in China form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They are the descendants of Russians who settled in China, and hold Chinese rather than Russian citizenship....
, Evenks
Evenks

The Evenks or Evenki are a Tungusic people of Northern Asia. In Russia, the Evenks are recognized as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 35,527 ....
, Tatars
Tatars

Tatars , sometimes spelled Tartars, refers to a Turkic people ethnic group mainly inhabiting Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Poland....
, Oroqen
Oroqen

The Oroqen people are an ethnic group in northern China. They form one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
, Nanai
Nanai

The Nanai people are a Tungusic people of the Far East, who have traditionally lived along Heilongjiang , Songhua River and Ussuri rivers on the Middle Amur Basin....
, Lhoba
Lhoba

Lhoba is a term of obscure origin which has come to apply to a diverse amalgamation of Tibeto-Burman tribespeople living in and around "Pemako" , including Mainling County, M?dog County, Zay? County counties of Nyingchi Prefecture and Lh?nz? county of Shannan Prefecture....
. Most of these groups are not native to the Shenyang area, but some, like the Manchus and the Xibe, are.

Not only is Shenyang a multiple ethinic city, it is also a place where many foreigners, especially from Japan and Korea live. Shenyang has numerous temples, churches, mosques and other religious sites.

Geography and climate

Western Shenyang is located on the alluvial plain
Alluvial plain

An alluvial plain is a relatively flat landform created by the deposition of sediment over a long period of time by one or more rivers coming from highland regions, from which Alluvium soil forms....
 of Liao River
Liao River

File:Liaorivermap.pngThe Liao He is the principal river in southern Manchuria . The province of Liaoning and the Liaodong Peninsula derive their name from the river....
, while eastern Shenyang is part of Changbai Mountains
Changbai Mountains

The Changbai Mountains or Baekdu Mountains are a mountain range on the border between China and North Korea . The range extends from the Northeast China China provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning to the North Korean provinces of Ryanggang and Chagang....
, covered with forests. The highest point in Shenyang is 414m and the lowest point only 7m. The main urban area is located to the north of Hun River
Hun River

Hun River is a river in Liaoning Province, China, and one of the tributaries of the Liao River. The Hun river was formerly known as Shen River ....
, a major tributary of the Liao River. The average elevation of the urban area is 29m. North canal and South canal flow to the north and south of the urban area respectively, which follows the historic course of Hun River.

Shenyang's climate is a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate
Humid continental climate

The humid continental climate is a climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate climates of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between North Pole and Tropics air masses....
 (Koppen climate classification Dwa) characterized by hot, humid summers, due to the monsoon, and dry, cold winters, due to the Siberian anticyclone
Anticyclone

In meteorology, an anticyclone is a weather meteorological phenomenon in which there is a descending movement of the air and a high pressure area over the part of the planet's surface affected by it....
. The four seasons in Shenyang are distinctive. The annual average temperature is 8.3°C with the lowest at -28.5°C and highest at 36.1°C. The rainfall is concentrated in July and August. The annual precipitation is 705.5 mm.

Districts and zones

Shenyangdistrictandlandmark
Inner City Districts
  • Dadong District (??? ??? Dàdong Qu)
  • Heping District
    Heping District

    Heping may refer to:* Heping District, Tianjin, district in Tianjin, China* Heping District, Shenyang, district in Shenyang, Liaoning, China...
     (??? ??? Hépíng Qu)
  • Huanggu District (??? ??? Huánggu Qu)
  • Shenhe District (??? ??? Shenhé Qu)
  • Tiexi District
    Tiexi District

    Tiexi District , literally meaning "The district west of the railway", is located in the southwest of Anshan, China, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China....
     (???? ???? Tiexi Xin Qu)


Outer Districts and Areas
  • Yuhong District (??? ??? Yúhóng Qu)
  • Sujiatun District (???? ???? Sujiatún Qu)
  • Dongling District
    Dongling District

    Dongling District is a district in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.The name Dongling refers to the "eastern tomb", specifically to Qing Dynasty Tombs dedicated to the first emperor of Qing Dynasty Nurhachi and his empress ....
     (??? ??? Donglíng Qu) (?? Meaning East Tomb or Fuling, burial site of Nurhaci
    Nurhaci

    Nurhaci is considered to be the founding father of the Manchu state. Nurhaci is also credited with ordering the creation of a written script for the Manchu language....
     and his wife, Empress Xiaoci).
  • Hunnan District (??? ??? Hùnnán Qu)
  • Shenbei New District (???? ???? Shenbei Xin Qu) (Called New City District ???? until October 2006)
  • Xinmin
    Xinmin

    Xinmin is a county-level city within Shenyang, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China....
     City (??? Xinmín Shi)
  • Faku County (??? ??? Fakù Xiàn)
  • Kangping County (??? ??? Kangpíng Xiàn)
  • Liaozhong County (??? ??? Liáozhong Xiàn)


Heping District (???/??? Hépíng Qu)
Heping District is located in the center of Shenyang. It has an area of 21 km² and a population of 0.64 million. The downtown Heping district has all manner of businesses that are brightly lit by neon at night.

At the center of the district, is the famous Zhongshan Square (Zhongshan Guangchang, ????), featuring one of China's largest statues of Chairman Mao
Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong was a China military and politics dictator. Mao led the Communist Party of China to victory against the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War, and was the leader of the People?s Republic of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976....
. To this day, flowers are still placed around a large statue of Chairman Mao
Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong was a China military and politics dictator. Mao led the Communist Party of China to victory against the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War, and was the leader of the People?s Republic of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976....
 during the holidays.

The district was built in the area in front of Shenyang Railway station, the hub of former South Manchurian Railway. The boulevards are lined of very large trees of Ginkgos, which become golden in color and produce fruits.

Koreatown
Koreatown

Koreatown is a term to describe the Koreans List of named ethnic enclaves in North American cities within a city or metropolitan area....
 is located in the northern Heping District, as well as the West Pagoda.

Shenhe District (???/??? Shenhé Qu)
Most of Shenhe District is within the old city wall. It has an area of 18 km² and a population of 0.61 million. Shenhe District is the site of the Mukden Palace
Mukden Palace

The Mukden Palace or Shenyang Gugong , also known as the Shenyang Imperial Palace, is the former imperial palace of the early Qing Dynasty of China....
. It is also the site of Zhang Zuolin
Zhang Zuolin

Zhang Zu?l?n , nicknamed the "Old Marshal" , "Rain Marshal" ....
's former home and headquarters, Shengjing Ancient Cultural Street, and Gloria Plaza, a high-end hotel. In the western Shenhe locates Muslim
Muslim

:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
 town. South Pagoda is located in southern Shenhe.

Dadong District (???/??? Dàdong Qu)
Dadong District is an industrial district. It has an area of 51 km² and a population of 0.64 million. It is the largest district of the urban Shenyang city area. It is also the home of the 9.18 Museum and the North and East Pagoda.

Huanggu District (???/??? Huánggu Qu)
Beilingtripledecker
Huanggu district has an area of 37 km² and a population of 0.75 million. It is the site of the large, historical tomb of Huang Taiji (of the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
), called Beiling park
Beiling park

Beiling Park is a park in the northern part of Shenyang City, China. The park has an area of 3,300,000m?, and contains many historic buildings, pine trees and lakes....
 .

Huanggu district also hosts the Liaoning Mansion Hotel. It is also the place of the government of Liaoning provience

Huanggu's name comes from Huanggutun ("tun" means village), where the Huanggutun Incident
Huanggutun Incident

Huanggutun Incident was an assassination plotted by Japanese Kantogun that targeted Fengtian clique warlord Zhang Zuolin. It took place on June 4, 1928 at Huanggutun rail station near Shenyang in which Zhang's train was destroyed by an explosion....
 took place.

Tiexi District (????/???? Tiexi Xin Qu)
Tiexi district is famous for its industry. This mixed-use district also contains large blocks of residential complexes, as well as strips of small to medium-sized shopping. It has an area of 39 km² and a population of 0.81 million.

It recently featured in a documentary called West of the Tracks
Tie Xi Qu: West of the Tracks

Tie Xi Qu: West of the Tracks is a Cinema of China documentary film by Wang Bing . Over 9 hours long, the film consists of three parts, "Rust," "Remnants" and "Rails."...
 (the literal meaning of Tiexi) by the young filmmaker Wang Bing showing the transition in this rust belt district.

Tiexi is also home to the Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Area, a state-level development zone. This new development area combined with Tiexi District has a population of 1 million people, a total area of 126 km², and enjoys the same administrative rank as municipality. (Administrative Committee of Shenyang)

Dongling District (???/???)

Dongling means the eastern tomb, referring to Qing Tombs dedicated to the first emperor of Qing Dynasty Nurhachi and his empress (a UNESCO site).

The district is rapidly becoming high end residential areas, as suburbs of Shenyang are growing steadily. Two corridors along two major highways, one leading to the eastern tomb and Fushun, the other leading to the international airport, see luxury apartments, fine neighborhoods and sleek commercial development quickly coming into shape.

Military

Shenyang holds the Headquarters of the Shenyang Military Region
Shenyang Military Region

The Shenyang Military Region is one of seven military regions for the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It has command and control of military and armed police forces in the three northeast provinces of Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Liaoning, which also form Military Districts....
 and the Air Force of Shenyang Military Region. Shenyang is also famous for its defense industries.

Transportation

Shenyang is served by air, rail, and an extensive network of streets and expressways, with bus service throughout the city.

Inter-city transportation

Shenyang is the railway hub of Northeast China
Northeast China

Northeast China is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers, from North Korea by the Yalu River and Tumen River, and from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region by the Greater Khingan Range....
. Eight railways connected Shenyang with Beijing
Beijing

is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
, Dalian
Dalian

Dalian is the governing sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Province of Northeast China. Dalian is China's northernmost Warm water port....
, Changchun
Changchun

Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Provinces of China, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain....
, Harbin
Harbin

is a sub-provincial city and the Capital of the Heilongjiang in Northeast China. It lies on the southern bank of the Songhua River. Harbin is ranked as the tenth largest city in China, serving as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural and communications center of Northeastern China....
 and Fushun
Fushun

Fushun is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km from Shenyang, with a population about 1.3 million and an area of 10,816 km?, including 675 km? of the city proper....
. The city is also served by the Qinshen Passenger Railway
Qinshen Passenger Railway

Qinshen passenger railway is a passenger-dedicated high-speed railway between Qinhuangdao and Shenyang, spanning a distance of 405 km. Opened in 2003, it is the first newly built high-speed railway in China, costing RMB 16 billion ....
, a high speed railway connecting Shenyang and Qinhuangdao
Qinhuangdao

Qinhuangdao is a city in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It is about 300 km east of Beijing, on the Bohai Sea, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea....
. The travel time between Beijing
Beijing

is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
 and Shenyang is decreased to only around 4 hours by 200 km/h high-speed train in early 2007. In August 2007 construction works started on the Harbin
Harbin

is a sub-provincial city and the Capital of the Heilongjiang in Northeast China. It lies on the southern bank of the Songhua River. Harbin is ranked as the tenth largest city in China, serving as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural and communications center of Northeastern China....
-Dalian
Dalian

Dalian is the governing sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Province of Northeast China. Dalian is China's northernmost Warm water port....
 high speed passenger railway, which is expected to be completed in 2013, connecting Shenyang with other major cities in Northeast China, Harbin
Harbin

is a sub-provincial city and the Capital of the Heilongjiang in Northeast China. It lies on the southern bank of the Songhua River. Harbin is ranked as the tenth largest city in China, serving as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural and communications center of Northeastern China....
, Changchun
Changchun

Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Provinces of China, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain....
, and Dalian
Dalian

Dalian is the governing sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Province of Northeast China. Dalian is China's northernmost Warm water port....
. Shenyang has two major railway stations: Shenyang North Railway Station and Shenyang Railway Station. The Shenyang North Railway Station was built in 1990, replacing the old north railway station, which was built in 1927 and still stands today. The north railway station is used mostly for express and high-speed train service. Shenyang Railway Station (also known locally as the "Shenyang South Railway Station", though the real "Shenyang South Railway Station" is at Sujiatun
Sujiatun

Sujiatun District is a district of Shenyang city, Liaoning province in northeastern China. The current population of Sujiatun is 430,000 and is located 15 km away from Shenyang....
) has a history more than 100 years, built by Russian in 1899 and expanded later by Japanese. Today, it is focused on regular service.

Shenyang is connected by several major expressways. The Jingshen 8 lane Expressway
Jingshen Expressway

The Jingshen Expressway is an expressway in China which links Beijing to Shenyang. It is 658 km in length.It leaves Beijing heading east and is numbered G025....
, to the city of Beijing
Beijing

is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
, some 658 kilometers away. The Shen-Da Expressway
Shenda highway

The Shenda Expressway is a 400km expressway that connects Shenyang and Dalian, two prefecture-level cites located in the Liaoning province of China....
 connecting Shenyang and Dalian
Dalian

Dalian is the governing sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Province of Northeast China. Dalian is China's northernmost Warm water port....
 is the first expressway ever built in China. It is the fastest highway (8-lane) linking one of the largest port city to Shenyang. Shendan Expressway
Shendan Expressway

The Shendan Expressway links Shenyang in China's Liaoning province with the border town of Dandong, sitting next to Sinuiju in North Korea .The cities of Benxi, Nanfen, and Fenghuangcheng, as well as other localities, are located next to the expressway, heading slightly south-east....
 is a 4-lane expressway to Benxi
Benxi

Benxi is a prefecture-level city located in the Liaoning province of People's Republic of China, south-southeast of Shenyang. Population: 1567000....
 and Dandong
Dandong

Dandong is a city in the Liaoning province, China. It is on the border between China and North Korea, marked by the Yalu River. Also at this point, the river flows into Korea Bay....
. It also serves Shenyang Taoxian International Airport
Shenyang Taoxian International Airport

Shenyang Taoxian International Airport is an airport in Shenyang, China....
. There are other express ways to Fushun
Fushun

Fushun is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km from Shenyang, with a population about 1.3 million and an area of 10,816 km?, including 675 km? of the city proper....
, Changchun
Changchun

Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Provinces of China, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain....
, and Xinmin
Xinmin

Xinmin is a county-level city within Shenyang, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China....
. There are many long-distance and express bus routes to Beijing and other cities in the northeast.

The city is served by the Shenyang Taoxian International Airport
Shenyang Taoxian International Airport

Shenyang Taoxian International Airport is an airport in Shenyang, China....
 (????????, airport code SHE). Direct flights from Shenyang go to Beijing
Beijing

is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
, Shanghai
Shanghai

Shanghai is the List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population in China and one of the List of metropolitan areas by population in the world, with over 20 million people....
, Hong Kong
Hong Kong

Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located in Southern China in East Asia, bordering the province of Guangdong to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east, west and south....
, Seoul
Seoul

Seoul is the Capital and largest city of South Korea. With a population of over 10 million, It is one of the world's List of cities proper by population.The Seoul National Capital Area - which includes the major port city of Incheon and satellite towns in Gyeonggi-do, has 24.5 million inhabitants and is the world's second largest List of me...
, Cheongju of Korea
Cheongju

Cheongju is the capital Administrative divisions of South Korea of Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea. The city is divided into two wards , Heungdeok-gu and Sangdang-gu ....
, Tokyo
Tokyo

, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshu. The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, each governed as a city, cover the area that was once the Tokyo City in the eastern part of the prefecture, and total over 8 million people....
, Frankfurt
Frankfurt

is the largest city in the German States of Germany of Hesse and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Germany, with a 2008 population of 670,000....
, Sydney
Sydney

Sydney is the List of cities in Australia by population in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of approximately 4.34 million . It is the List of Australian capital cities of New South Wales, and was the site of the first British Empire colony in Australia....
, Los Angeles
Los Ángeles

Los ?ngeles is the Capital of the Biob?o Province, in the municipality of the same name, in Regions of Chile VIII , in the center-south of Chile....
 and other cities. There are three other airports in Shenyang, none of them open to public: Dongta airport is the oldest airport in Shenyang, openned in 1920s and retired in 1980s. Beiling airport is used by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation
Shenyang Aircraft Corporation

Shenyang Aircraft Corporation is a China civilian and military aircraft manufacturer located in Shenyang. Founded in 1953, it is one of the oldest and the most important aircraft manufacturers in the People's Republic of China....
 for test flights. Yuhong airport is for military use only.

Intra-city transportation

Within Shenyang itself, there are three ring roads: Middle Ring, 2nd Ring, and Outer Ring (Shenyang Round City Expressway). The southern part of the 2nd Ring and the Outer Ring are express beltway
Beltway

A beltway, loop , ring road, or orbital motorway is a Circumferential Highway found around or within many cities.Beltway, orbital motorway, perimeter loop, beltline, and similar terms refer to an expressway/motorway/freeway style standard road that often originally enclosed the built up area and was later...
s. The Outer ring is an 82 km expressway, the first express beltway
Beltway

A beltway, loop , ring road, or orbital motorway is a Circumferential Highway found around or within many cities.Beltway, orbital motorway, perimeter loop, beltline, and similar terms refer to an expressway/motorway/freeway style standard road that often originally enclosed the built up area and was later...
 in China. A "big outer ring" is under construction, which is also an express beltway with a total length of around 400 km. Inside city, there is an east-to-west expressway through the city center, most of which is elevated.

In Shenyang, there are more than 160 bus routes. Shenyang used to have about 20 trolleybus
Trolleybus

A trolleybus is an electric bus that draws its electricity from a network of charged overhead wires using spring loaded trolley poles. Two poles are needed, so that one can draw down the live current to power the motor and the other can complete the circuit by carrying the neutral current back to the network....
 routes, one of the biggest trolleybus networks in China. The entire network was demolished in 1999 after a series of electrocution accidents.

Shenyang has been planning subway system since 1940. In November 18, 2005 the construction of the first Shenyang Metro subway
Shenyang Metro

Shenyang Metro is a rapid transit system currently under construction in the city of Shenyang, Liaoning province in China. The construction of the first line, Line 1, started in November 18th, 2005 and it's expected to complete in December 2009....
 line finally started. The first (east-west) line is expected to be finished by 2010. Construction is made hard by the rocky ground on which Shenyang is built. The second (north-south) line started in November 18, 2006.

Life and Culture


Shenyang Dialect
Shenyang Dialect

Shenyang Mandarin is a variant of Northeastern Mandarin used by people in Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning province and the largest city in Northeast China....

People native to Shenyang speak the Shenyang Dialect
Shenyang Dialect

Shenyang Mandarin is a variant of Northeastern Mandarin used by people in Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning province and the largest city in Northeast China....
, a variant of Northeastern Mandarin
Northeastern Mandarin

Northeastern Mandarin or Northeast China Dialect is a variety of Mandarin Chinese Chinese language, known as Dongbeihua , literally "Northeast Speech/Language," or Dongbeiguanhua in Mandarin....
. The Shenyang Dialect is very similar to the other Northeastern Dialects and it is also very close to the Standard Mandarin
Standard Mandarin

Standard Mandarin, or Standard Chinese, is the official modern Spoken Chinese used in People's Republic of China and Republic of China, and is one of the four official languages of Languages of Singapore....
 dialect but has some very distinctive words that the standard Mandarin doesn't have. Some people prefer to think of it as a strong accent rather than a different dialect. Shenyang dialect is used heavily by several famous skit
Skit

Skit may refer to:*Sketch comedy*Hip hop skit*Puppet skitSee also *Skete...
 actors such as Zhao Benshan
Zhao Benshan

Zhao Benshan is a Chinese race skit and sitcom actor, and recently turned director. Having initially gained immense popularity from performances on the CCTV New Year's Gala, Zhao is now a household-name comedy actor on Mainland China....
 in their performance, and has become a stereotype
Stereotype

A stereotype is a preconceived idea that attributes certain characteristics to all the members of class or set. The term is often used with a negative connotation when referring to an oversimplified, exaggerated, or demeaning assumption that a particular individual possesses the characteristics associated with the class due to his or her me...
 for northeast natives.

Art

Two northeast folk dance
Folk dance

File:Mugham Festival 2008.jpgFolk dance is a term used to describe a large number of dances, mostly of European origin, that tend to share the following attributes:...
s, Er Ren Zhuan
Er Ren Zhuan

Er Ren Zhuan is a local folk dance from Northeast China . It usually consists of two people, a boy and a girl. They sing as well as dance, using folded fans or red handkerchiefs during the dancing portion....
 and Yang Ge
Yang Ge

Yangge is a form of Chinese folk dance originating from the Song Dynasty. It is very popular in North China and one of the most representative form of folk arts....
, are very popular in Sheyang. Dawutai Theatre is famous for its Er Ren Zhuan
Er Ren Zhuan

Er Ren Zhuan is a local folk dance from Northeast China . It usually consists of two people, a boy and a girl. They sing as well as dance, using folded fans or red handkerchiefs during the dancing portion....
 and Chinese skit performance by Zhao Benshan
Zhao Benshan

Zhao Benshan is a Chinese race skit and sitcom actor, and recently turned director. Having initially gained immense popularity from performances on the CCTV New Year's Gala, Zhao is now a household-name comedy actor on Mainland China....
 and his students.

Shenyang is home of many performance art organizations, such as Shenyang Acrobatic Troupe of China , Liao Ning Song and Dance Ensemble , and Liaoning Ballet . Many artists are from Shenyang, such as Na Ying
Na Ying

Na Ying is a famous female vocalist in China. Currently she is considered as one of the best female singers in Mainland China. She is a personal friend of fellow singer Faye Wong....
, or Lang Lang
Lang Lang (pianist)

Lang Lang is a Chinese pianist from Shenyang in Liaoning, China....


Museums

  • Liaoning Provincial Museum
    Liaoning Province Museum

    Liaoning Province Museum is a prominent museum of history and fine arts in China. It is located on 26 Shiwei Rd, Heping District of Shenyang, capital of Liaoning Province....
    , the largest museum in north-eastern China. The museum hold many relics from Manchuria's past, including a selection of inscriptions in Chinese and Khitan.
  • Shenyang Steam Locomotive Museum, with 16 steam engines from America, Japan, Russia, Belgium, Poland, Germany, Czechoslovakia and China.
  • The 9.18 Incident Museum, a museum in memory of Mukden Incident
    Mukden Incident

    On September 18, 1931, near Mukden in southern Manchuria, a section of railroad owned by Empire of Japan's South Manchuria Railway was dynamited. The Imperial Japanese Army, accusing China dissidents of the act, responded with the invasion of Manchuria, leading to the establishment of Manchukuo the following year....
    . The museum has a shape of an opened calendar, and is located on the site where the Japanese troops destroyed the South Manchuria Railway
    South Manchuria Railway

    The was a company founded in the Empire of Japan in 1906, after the Russo-Japanese War , and operated within China in the Japanese-controlled South Manchuria Railway Zone....
    , the prelude to the invasion of Manchuria.
  • The Xinle Relic, located on the location where the Xinle civilisation
    Xinle culture

    The Xinle Civilization was a Neolithic culture in northeast China, found primarily around the lower Liao River on the Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning....
     was first discovered, containing a reconstructed Xinle settlement and housing artefacts discovered there.


Sports

Shenyang is famous for its soccer tradition. The local soccer team is the Liaoning F.C., in the Chinese Super League
Chinese Super League

The Chinese Football Association Super League , commonly known as Chinese Super League or CSL, is the highest tier of professional football in the People's Republic of China, operating under the auspices of the Chinese Football Association....
. Another Chinese Super League
Chinese Super League

The Chinese Football Association Super League , commonly known as Chinese Super League or CSL, is the highest tier of professional football in the People's Republic of China, operating under the auspices of the Chinese Football Association....
 team, Shenyang Jinde moved to Changsha
Changsha

Changsha is the capital city of Hunan, a province of south-central China, located on the lower reaches of Xiang river, a branch of the Yangtze River....
 in 2007. Shenyang Olympic Sports Centre Stadium
Shenyang Olympic Sports Centre Stadium

Shenyang Olympic Sports Center Stadium is a 60,000-seat multi-use stadium in Shenyang, China. It was built as a replacement for Wulihe Stadium....
 was a venue for the soccer preliminary of 2008 Summer Olympics
2008 Summer Olympics

The 2008 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Beijing, People's Republic of China, from August 8 to August 24, 2008....
.

Shenyang Sport University is a famous professional sports university in China. The university is the training base for winter sports in China and has many Olympic champions.

Religion

  • Taiqing Palace, a Taoism
    Taoism

    Taoism refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions and concepts. These traditions have influenced East Asia for over two thousand years and some have spread to the West....
     temple established in 1663
  • Ci'en Temple, a Buddhism
    Buddhism

    Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices considered by most to be a religionand is based on the teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as "The Buddha" , who was born in what is today Nepal....
     temple, first built during Tang dynasty
    Tang Dynasty

    The Tang Dynasty was an Dynasties in Chinese history preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire....
  • Royal Temple, a Tibetan Buddhism
    Tibetan Buddhism

    Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhism religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, Bhutan, and India ....
     temple built in 1636 for Qing royal family
  • Sheli Pagoda, a 33m high Buddhism pagoda erected in 1044 during Liao dynasty
    Liao Dynasty

    The Liao Dynasty , 907-1125, also known as the Khitan Empire , was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper....
  • Nanguan Christian Church, a classic Gothic style cathedral built in 1878. Its two bell towers are as high as 40m.
  • Dongguan Church, the oldest Protestantism church in northeast china, established in 1876
  • South Mosque, the largest mosque in Shenyang built in 1636


Famous Restaurants

  • Lao Bian Dumpling, a traditional dumpling restaurant established by Mr. Bian Fu in 1829
  • Ma's Steamed Dumpling, a Hui
    Hui people

    The Hui people are a Ethnic groups in China, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. Hui is the abbreviation of the full name Huihui "??"....
     Muslim
    Muslim

    :A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
     restaurant established by the Ma family as early as 1767


Famous people from Shenyang

  • Zhang Zuolin
    Zhang Zuolin

    Zhang Zu?l?n , nicknamed the "Old Marshal" , "Rain Marshal" ....
    , Chinese Warlord
  • Zhang Xueliang
    Zhang Xueliang

    Zhang Xueliang or Chang Hs?eh-liang , nicknamed the "Young Marshal" , became the effective ruler of Manchuria and much of North China after the assassination of his father Zhang Zuolin by the Japanese on 4 June 1928....
    , Chinese Warlord
  • Na Ying
    Na Ying

    Na Ying is a famous female vocalist in China. Currently she is considered as one of the best female singers in Mainland China. She is a personal friend of fellow singer Faye Wong....
    , Chinese singer
  • Mao Ning, Chinese singer
  • Lang Lang
    Lang Lang

    Lang Lang could refer to:* Lang Lang , a Chinese pianist* Lang Lang, Victoria, Australian townExcess long comment to prevent listing on...
    , Chinese pianist
  • Pang Long, Chinese singer
  • Li Chunbo, Chinese singer
  • Ai Jing, Chinese singer
  • Jing Boran
    Jing Boran

    Jing Boran is a Chinese pop music singer who became famous after winning first place in the 2007 My Hero contest. Along with second place winner, Fu Xinbo, he then formed a group called BoBo ....
    , Chinese singer
  • Seiji Ozawa
    Seiji Ozawa

    is a Japanese conducting, particularly noted for his interpretations of large-scale late Romantic music works. He is most known for his work as music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Vienna State Opera....
    , Japanese conductor
  • Gong Li
    Gong Li

    Gong Li is a Chinese film actress. She first came into international prominence through close collaboration with Chinese director Zhang Yimou and is credited with helping bring Chinese cinema to Europe and the United States....
    , Actress
  • Ma Lin
    Ma Lin (table tennis)

    Ma Lin is a male table tennis player born in the Shenyang, Liaoning Province of China. He is the world's number two ranked player as of December 2, 2008 in the International Table Tennis Federation ....
    , Table-Tennis Player


Tourism


Attractions

  • Mukden Palace
    Mukden Palace

    The Mukden Palace or Shenyang Gugong , also known as the Shenyang Imperial Palace, is the former imperial palace of the early Qing Dynasty of China....
    : the former imperial palace of the early Qing Dynasty
    Qing Dynasty

    The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
    . It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Dongling: the tomb of the first Qing emperor, Nurhaci
    Nurhaci

    Nurhaci is considered to be the founding father of the Manchu state. Nurhaci is also credited with ordering the creation of a written script for the Manchu language....
    . It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Beiling Park
    Beiling park

    Beiling Park is a park in the northern part of Shenyang City, China. The park has an area of 3,300,000m?, and contains many historic buildings, pine trees and lakes....
     and Zhaoling
    Zhaoling

    Zhaoling , also known as Beiling is the mausoleum of the second Qing Dynasty emperor, Huang Taji, and his empress Xiaoduanwen Borjite. The tomb is located within Beiling Park, in the northern suburbs of Shenyang and is a popular area attraction....
    : the tomb of the second Qing emperor, Huang Taji. The park covers an area of 3,300,000 sq. meters, and is serviced by trams for visitors who do not wish to (or cannot) traverse the length of the park. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • World Horticulture Exposition garden: hosted the International Horticultural Exposition
    Shenyang China International Horticultural Exposition 2006

    Shenyang China International Horticultural Exposition 2006 is a World's Fair in Shenyang, China.External links...
     in 2006.
  • Qipan Mountain, Qipanshan: a recreation resort in the east of Shenyang.


Shopping areas

There are several shopping areas in Shenyang. One of the districts, Taiyuan Street, , features western-style shopping and dining, including a Wal-mart
Wal-Mart

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is an American Public company that runs a chain of large, discount department stores. It is the world's largest public corporation by revenue, according to the 2008 Fortune Global 500....
, a Pizza Hut
Pizza Hut

Pizza Hut is a restaurant chain and international franchising based in Addison, Texas, Texas, United States offering different styles of pizza along with side dishes including pasta, buffalo wings, breadsticks, and garlic bread....
, consumer electronics stores, and a number of large, multi-story department stores selling products from around the world. There is also a very large underground shopping complex offering lots of items, especially in fashion jewellery, accessories and cloths.

Another area, Wu'ai Market, (Traditional Chinese: ????, Simplified Chinese: ????), features a large multi-story shopping center with a size comparable to that of many city blocks. It contains hundreds, if not thousands, of mini or boutique stores that open very early in the morning and close in the early afternoon. It is famous for wholesaling cheap clothes and household stuff.

There is also another area located in the center of the city, Middle Street, , which is similar to Taiyuan Street. It features one of the largest department store
Department store

A department store is a retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant Merchandise#Product_line....
s in Shenyang.

The information technology
Information technology

Information technology , as defined by the Information Technology Association of America , is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware." IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to data conv...
 center is in Sanhao street , in the southern part of the city.

There are also a number of large superstores located throughout the city that sell everything from meat and dairy to clothes and electronics.

Education

Shenyang has many schools, both public and private. There are also a number of privately-operated training centres that provide additional English skills.

High schools

  • Northeast Yucai School
    Northeast Yucai School

    Foundation Northeast Yucai School is an educational institute in Shenyang, China. From 1927 - 1932, it was an annex of Manchurian Special Educational School....
    ,consisting of various departments.Nursing Garden,Elementory School,Junior High School,Senior High School etc.
  • Liaoning Experimental High School
    Liaoning Experimental High School

    Liaoning Province Shiyan High School , originally called Northeast Shiyan School , is a public high school located in Huanggu District, in the city of Shenyang, Liaoning, China....


Colleges and universities

  • Northeastern University ????
  • China Medical University
    China Medical University (PRC)

    China Medical University is a university in the city of Shenyang, Liaoning, PRC under the provincial and central governments.The China Medical University was the first medical school established by the Chinese Communist Party....
     ??????
  • Shenyang Agricultural University
    Shenyang Agricultural University

    Shenyang Agricultural University is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, PRC under the provincial government....
     ??????
  • Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
    Shenyang Pharmaceutical University

    Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, China. It is the first and one of the most professional research institute in pharmaceutical sciences in China....
     ??????
  • Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering
    Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering

    Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, northeast China. It has a close relationship with military and civil aviation industries....
     ????????
  • Shenyang Jianzhu (Architechtural) University
    Shenyang Jianzhu University

    Shenyang Jianzhu University is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, PRC under the provincial government.External links*...
     ??????
  • Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology
    Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology

    Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China under the provincial government.It teaches chemical and computer engineering to both national and foreign students....
     ??????
  • Shenyang Normal University
    Shenyang Normal University

    Shenyang Normal University is a teacher training university in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PRC under the provincial government.History...
     ??????
  • Liaoning University
    Liaoning University

    Liaoning University is a university in Liaoning, PRC under the provincial government. It consists of an old and a new campus, connected by a shuttle bus which runs 5-7 times daily during the week....
     ????
  • Shenyang Ligong University
    Shenyang Ligong University

    Shenyang Ligong University is a university in Liaoning, PRC under the provincial government.External links*...
     ??????
  • Shenyang University
    Shenyang University

    Shenyang University is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, PRC under the provincial government. It has a student body of approximately 30,000 students and has about 1,030 full-time teachers....
     ????
  • Shenyang University of Technology
    Shenyang University of Technology

    Shenyang University of Technology is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, PRC under the provincial government....
     ??????
  • Shenyang Sport University ??????
  • Shenyang Institute of Engineering
    Shenyang Institute of Engineering

    Shenyang Engineering Institute under the Liaoning Provincial People?s Government, the existing covers an area of 920,000 square meters, construction area of 270,000 square meter....
     ??????


Sister cities

The following cities participate in Town twinning
Town twinning

Town twinning, also known as sister cities, is a concept whereby towns or city in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired, with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links between their inhabitants....
:
  • Sapporo, Japan
    Japan

    Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
     (1980)
  • Kawasaki
    Kawasaki, Kanagawa

    is a cities of Japan located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, between 23 special wards and Yokohama. It is the 8th most populated city in Japan and one of the main cities forming the Greater Tokyo Area and Keihin Industrial Area....
    , Japan
    Japan

    Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
     (1981)
  • Turin
    Turín

    Tur?n is a municipality in the Ahuachap?n Department Departments of El Salvador of El Salvador....
    , Italy
    Italy

    Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
     (1985)
  • Chicago, Illinois
    Illinois

    The State of Illinois is a U.S. state of the United States, the 21st to be admitted to the United States. Illinois is the most populous and demographically diverse Midwestern United States state and the fifth most populous state in the nation....
    , United States
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
     (1985)
  • Irkutsk
    Irkutsk

    Irkutsk is one of the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Siberia and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, situated by rail from Moscow....
    , Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
     (1992)
  • Quezon City
    Quezon City

    Quezon City , is the former capital and the most populous city in the Philippines. Located on the island of Luzon, Quezon City is one of the Cities of the Philippines and Philippine municipality that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region....
    , Philippines
    Philippines

    The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
     (1993)
  • Monterrey
    Monterrey

    Monterrey is the capital city of the northeastern Mexico state of Nuevo Le?n and a Monterrey of the same name. Also known as "Sultana del Norte" , Monterrey is an important industrial and business center....
    , Mexico
    Mexico

    The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
     (1993)
  • Seongnam
    Seongnam

    Seongnam is a Administrative divisions of South Korea in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Because of its convenient location near Seoul, the South Korean capital, it is a largely residential city with a population similar to other satellite cities, such as Goyang and Gwacheon....
    , South Korea
    South Korea

    South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea , ), often referred to as Korea and the "names of Korea#Revival of the names", is a Semi-presidential system republic in East Asia, located in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula....
     (1998)
  • Yaoundé
    Yaoundé

    Yaound?, , is the capital city of Cameroon and second largest city in the country after Douala. It lies in the centre of the nation at about 750 metres above sea level....
    , Cameroon
    Cameroon

    The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary state of central and western Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south....
     (1998)
  • Katowice
    Katowice

    Katowice is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Klodnica and Rawa river rivers . Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about 50 km from the Silesian Beskids and about 100 km from Sudetes....
    , Poland
    Poland

    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
     (2007)
  • Leverkusen
    Leverkusen

    Leverkusen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the eastern bank of the Rhine, half way between Cologne and D?sseldorf....
    , Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
  • Duesseldorf, Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....


See also

  • List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population
    List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population

    This list ranks cities in the People's Republic of China by population.According to the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China, there are three level of cities, namely municipality of China, prefecture-level city , and county-level cities....
  • Unit 100
    Unit 100

    Unit 100 was a secret Imperial Japanese Army facility that focused on the development of biological weapons during World War II. It was operated by the Kempeitai, the Japanese military police....


External links