List of kings of Persia

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Early realms in Iran

Elamite Kingdom, 3000–660 BC

Avan Dynasty (precise dates unknown)

• Peli (fl. c. 2500 BC)
• Tata (precise dates unknown)
• Ukku-Takhesh (precise dates unknown)
• Khishur (precise dates unknown)
• Shushun-Tarana (precise dates unknown)
• Napil-Khush (precise dates unknown)
• Kikku-Sive-Temti (precise dates unknown)
• Lukh-Ishshan (fl. c. 24th century)
• Khelu (fl. c. 24th century)
• Khita (fl. c. 23rd century)
• Kutik-Inshushinnak (fl. c . 2240)

Simash Dynasty (precise dates unknown)

• Gir-Namme (fl. c. 2030)
• Enpi-Luhhan (fl. c. 2010)
• Khutran-Temtt (precise dates unknown)
• Kindattu (precise dates unknown)
• Indattu-Inshushinnak I (precise dates unknown)
• Tan-Rukhurater (precise dates unknown)
• Indattu-Inshushinnak II (precise dates unknown)
• Indattu-Napir (precise dates unknown)
• Indattu-Tempt (precise dates unknown)

Eparti Dynasty (precise dates unknown)

• Eparti I (precise dates unknown)
• Eparti II (precise dates unknown)
• Eparti III (fl. c. 1850)
• Shilkhakha (precise dates unknown)
• Attakhushu (fl. c. 1830)
• Sirukdukh (fl. c. 1792)
• Shimut-Wartash (c. 1772 – c. 1770)

Igehalkid Dynasty (c. 1350 – c. 1200 BC)

• Ige-Halki (c. 1350 – c. 1330)
• Pakhir-Ishshan (c. 1330 – c. 1310)
• Attar-Kittakh (c. 1310 – c. 1300)
• Khuman-Numena (c. 1300 – c. 1275)
• Untash-Naprisha (c. 1275 – c. 1240)
• Unpatar-Naprisha (c. 1240 – c. 1235)
• Kiddin-Khutran (c. 1235 – c. 1210)

Shutrukid Dynasty (c. 1205 – c. 1100 BC)

• Khallutush-In-Shushinak (c. 1205 – c. 1185)
• Shutruk-Nahhunte (c. 1185 – c. 1155)
• Kutir-Nahhunte III (c. 1155 – c. 1150)
• Shilkhak-In-Shushinak (c. 1150 – c. 1120)
• Khutelutush-In-Shushinak (c. 1120 – c. 1110)
• Shilhana-Hamru-Lagamar (c. 1110 – ????)

Late Elam Dynasty (743–644)

• Khumbanigash I (743–717)
• Shuttir-Nakhkhunte (717–699)
• Khallushu (699–693)
• Kutir-Nakhkhunte (693–692)
• Khumma-Menanu (692–689)
• Khumma-Khaldash I (689–681)
• Khumma-Khaldash II (681–680)
• Khumma-Khaldash II & Shilhak-In-Shushinak (680–676)
• Shilhak-In-Shushinak & Urtaku
  Urtaku
  
  Urtaku was an Elamite king who reigned from 676 - 664 BCE. Under his reign, relations between Elam and Babylonia became weaker, and after his death during an attack on Mesopotamia, the Assyrian king Assurbanipal launched a counter-attack, leading to the occupation of Elam by the Assyrians....
   (676–664)
• Shilhak-In-Shushinak & Tempti-Khumma-In-Shushinak (664–653)
• Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak & Khumbanigash II (653–651)
• Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak & Tammaritu (651–649)
• Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak & Indabigash (649–648)
• Indabigash (648–647)
• Khumma-Khaldash III (647–644)

Empires of Iran

Median Empire, 728–550 BC

• Deioces
  Deioces
  
  Deioces, D?joc?s, Deiokes or Diyako was a Prince and the first king of the Medes. He united seven Median tribes and became their Judge and leader, beginning in 701 BC....
  ,. 728–675
• Phraortes
  Phraortes
  
  Phraortes, also known as Fravartish , son of Deioces, was the second king of the Medes and the founder of Median government.Like his father Deioces, Phraortes started wars against Assyria, but was defeated and killed by Ashurbanipal, the king of Assyria....
  , 675–653
• Madius the Scythian
  Madius
  
  Madius or Madya was a Scythian king. He conquered and ruled the Medes from c.653-625 BCE....
  , 653–625
• Cyaxares
  Cyaxares
  
  Cyaxares, Hvakhshathra,Xasro or Kayxosrew , the son of King Phraortes, was the first king of Medes .He reorganized and modernized the Median Army, then joined with King Nabopolassar of Babylon....
  , 625–585
• Astyages
  Astyages
  
  Astyages ; spelled by Herodotus as Astyages; by Ctesias as Astyigas; by Diodorus as Aspadas; Akkadian language: I?tumegu), was the last king of the Medes, r....
  , 585–550

Achaemenid Empire, 550–330 BC ???????? ???????

• Achaemenes
  Achaemenes
  
  Achaemenes was the eponymous ancestor of the Achaemenid Empire, which ruled Persian Empire between 705 BC and 675 BC. As an eponymous ancestor of the clan, Achaemenes is very often held to be legendary....
  , founder of the dynasty, king of Persia.
• Teispes of Anshan
  Teispes of Anshan
  
  Teispes was the son of Achaemenes and a List of kings of Persia. He captured the Elamite city of Anshan and called himself "King of the City of An?an", a first step that would lead to the rise of the Persian Empire....
  , his son, king of Persia, king of Anshan, died 640.

• Cyrus II the Great, established the Persian Empire
  Persian Empire
  
  The 'Persian Empire' was a series of successive Iranian or Persianization empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus....
   and ruled it from 550–529.
• Cambyses II, his son, ruled 530–522.
• Smerdis, his alleged brother, ruled 522.
• Darius I the Great
  Darius I of Persia
  
  Darius I or Darius the Great was the son of Hystaspes and Persian Empire from 522 BC to 486 BC. Darius is the dominant Latin language spelling used by the Roman historians....
  , son of Hystaspes
  Hystaspes
  
  Hystaspes may refer to:* Vishtaspa, the first patron of Zoroaster* Hystaspes , father of King Darius I of Persia* Hystaspes , son of Darius I of Persia...
  , ruled 521–486.
• Xerxes the Great
  Xerxes I of Persia
  
  Xerxes the Great, also known as Xerxes I of Persia, was a Persian Empire of the Achaemenid Empire. X?rxes is the Greek language form of the Old Persian throne name X?ayar?a, meaning "Ruler of heroes"....
  , his son, ruled 486–465.
• Artaxerxes I Longimanus, his son, ruled 464–424.
• Xerxes II, his son, ruled 424.
• Sogdianus, his half-brother, ruled 424–423.
• Darius II Nothus
  Darius II of Persia
  
  Darius II , originally called Ochus and often surnamed Nothus , was king of the Persian Empire from 423 BC to 404 BC.Artaxerxes I, who died shortly after December 24, 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II....
  , his half-brother and rival, ruled 423–404.
• Artaxerxes II Memnon, his son, ruled 404–358 (see also Xenophon
  Xenophon
  
  Xenophon , son of Gryllus, of the deme Erchia of Athens, also known as Xenophon of Athens and Xenophon of Thebes, was a soldier, mercenary and a contemporary and admirer of Socrates....
  ).
• Artaxerxes III Ochus, his son, ruled 358–338.
• Artaxerxes IV Arses
  Arses of Persia
  
  Artaxerxes IV Arses, King of Persian Empire between 338 BC and 336 BC. He was the youngest son of King Artaxerxes III and Atossa and was not expected to succeed to the throne of Persia....
  , his son, ruled 338–336.
• Darius III Codomannus
  Darius III of Persia
  
  Darius III was the last king of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia from 336 BC to 330 BC. It was under his rule that the Persian Empire was conquered during the Wars of Alexander the Great....
  , great-grandson of Darius II, ruled 336–330.
• Artaxerxes V Bessus
  Bessus
  
  File:The punishment of Bessus by Andre Castaigne .jpgBessus was a Persian Empire nobleman and satrap of Bactria, and later contender king of Persia....
  , a usurper who murdered Darius and continued the resistance against Alexander III the Great
  Alexander the Great
  
  Alexander the Great , also known as Alexander III of Macedon was an ancient Greeks King of Macedon . He was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle....
   from 330–329.

Macedonian

Macedon

Macedon or Macedonia was the name of a monarchy centred in the northernmost part of ancient Greece. The homeland of the ancient Macedonians, it was bordered by the kingdom of Epirus to the west and the region of Thrace to the east....
 rulers

Argead Dynasty

Argead dynasty

The Argead dynasty was the ancient Greeks ruling house of Macedon from about 700 BC to 310 BC. Their tradition, as described in ancient Greek historiography, traced their origins to Argos, in southern Greece ....
, 330–310 BC

• Alexander III the Great
  Alexander the Great
  
  Alexander the Great , also known as Alexander III of Macedon was an ancient Greeks King of Macedon . He was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle....
   (330 BC–323)
• Philip III Arrhideus
  Philip III of Macedon
  
  Philip III Arrhidaeus , king of Macedon from June 10, 323 BC until his death, was a son of King Philip II of Macedon by Philinna of Larissa, allegedly a Thessaly dancer, and a half-brother of Alexander the Great....
   (323 BC–317)
• Alexander IV
  Alexander IV of Macedon
  
  Alexander IV Aegus was the son of Alexander the Great and the princess Roxana, of Bactria....
   (323 BC–310)

Seleucid dynasty, 305–164 BC

• Seleucus I Nicator
  Seleucus I Nicator
  
  Seleucus I , was a Ancient Macedonians officer of Alexander the Great. In the Wars of the Diadochi that took place after Alexander's death, Seleucus established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire....
   (312/305–281)
• Antiochus I Soter
  Antiochus I Soter
  
  Antiochus I Soter , was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. He reigned from 281 BC - 261 BC.Antiochus I was half Persians, his mother Apama being one of the eastern princesses whom Alexander the Great had given as wives to his generals in 324 BC....
   (co-ruler from 291, ruled 281–261)
• Antiochus II Theos
  Antiochus II Theos
  
  Antiochus II Theos , was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom who reigned 261 BC–246 BC). He succeeded his father Antiochus I Soter in the winter of 262-61 BC....
   (261–246)
• Seleucus II Callinicus
  Seleucus II Callinicus
  
  Seleucus II Callinicus or Pogon , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, who reigned from 246 to 225 BC. After the death of this father, Antiochus II Theos, he was proclaimed king by his mother, Laodice I in Ephesos, while her partisans at Antioch murdered Berenice and her son....
   (246–225)
• Seleucus III Ceraunus
  Seleucus III Ceraunus
  
  Seleucus III Soter, called Seleucus Ceraunus , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, the eldest son of Seleucus II Callinicus....
   (225–223)
• Antiochus III the Great
  Antiochus III the Great
  
  Antiochus III the Great, , younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus, became the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire as a youth of about eighteen in 223 BC....
   (223–187)
• Seleucus IV Philopator
  Seleucus IV Philopator
  
  Seleucus IV Philopator , ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a realm consisting of Syria , Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Nearer Iran ....
   (187–175)
• Antiochus IV Epiphanes
  Antiochus IV Epiphanes
  
  Antiochus IV Epiphanes ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. He was a son of King Antiochus III the Great and the brother of Seleucus IV Philopator....
   (175–164)
• Antiochus V Eupator (164–162)
• Demetrius I Soter
  Demetrius I Soter
  
  Demetrius I , surnamed Soter , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. He had been sent to Rome as a hostage during the reign of his father, Seleucus IV Philopator....
   (162–150)
• Alexander Balas
  Alexander Balas
  
  Alexander Balas , ruler of the Greece Seleucid Empire 150-146 BC, was a native of Izmir of humble origin, but gave himself out to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and heir to the Seleucid throne....
   (150–145)
• Demetrius II Nicator
  Demetrius II Nicator
  
  For the similarly named Macedonian ruler, see Demetrius II of Macedon. For the Macedonian prince, see Demetrius the Fair.Demetrius II , called Nicator , was the middle son of Demetrius I of Syria....
   (145–139)

Iranian Empires of Iran

Parthian Empire (Arsacid Empire), 247 BC – AD 224

Sassanid Empire, AD 224–651

• Ardashir I, 224 to 241
• Shapur I, 241–272, the first to claim universal rule: Iran and Aniran, ie the rest of the world
• Hormizd I, 272–273
• Bahram I, 273–276
• Bahram II, 276–293
• Bahram III year 293
• Narseh, 293–302
• Hormizd II, 302–310
• Shapur II, 310–379
• Ardashir II, 379–383
• Shapur III, 383–388
• Bahram IV, 388–399
• Yazdegerd I, 399–420
• Bahram V, 420–438
• Yazdegerd II, 438–457
• Hormizd III, 457–459
• Peroz I, 457–484
• Balash, 484–488
• Kavadh I, 488–531
• Djamasp, 496–498
• Khosrau I, 531–579
• Hormizd IV, 579–590
• Khosrau II, 590–628
• Bahram VI
  Bahram Chobin
  
  Lieutenant General Bahram Chobin was a famous Eran spahbod during Khosrau II of Persia's rule in Sassanid Iran. Descended from the House of Mihran, one of the Seven Parthian clans, his first great victory came in Herat in 589, which is reported in a number of sources....
  , 590–591
• Bistam, 591–592
• Hormizd V year 593
• Kavadh II, 628
• Ardashir III, 628–630
• Peroz II, 629
• Shahrbaraz, 630
• Boran (Purandokht) and others, 630–631
• Hormizd VI (or V), 631–632
• Yazdegerd III, 632–651

Arab caliphs rule

• Umayyad dynasty, 661–750
• Abbasid
  Abbasid
  
  The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The Caliphate is one of the high points of Islam, and at the time Muslim civilization, together with that of Byzantium, China and India, was the most developed part of the world....
   dynasty, 750–867

Persian post-Islamic Empires of Persia

Tahirids in Khorasan, 821–872

• Taher ebne Hosein ebne Mos'ab, Emir 821–822
• Talhat ebne Taher, 822–828
• Abdollah ebne Taher, 828–844
• Taher ebne Abdollah, 844–862
• Muhammad of Khorasan
  Muhammad of Khorasan
  
  Muhammad bin Tahir was last the Tahirid governor of Khurasan, from 862 until 873....
  , 862–872

Alavids, 864–928

• Hasan ebne Zeid Hasani, Emir 864–884
• Mohammad ebne Zeid, 884–900
• Hasan ebne Ali Hoseini, 913–916
• Hasan ebne Ghasem Hasani, 916–928

Ziyarids, 928–1043

• Abolhojaj Mardavij ebne Ziyar, Emir 928–934
• Abu Taher Voshmgeer ebne Ziyar, 934–967
• Zahir-ol-doleh Behsotoon, 967–976
• Shams ol Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos, 976–1012
• Falak ol Mo'ali Manuchehr ebne Ghabus, 1012–1031
• Anushiravan ebne Manuchehr, 1031–1043

Buyyids, 932–1056

Diylamids of Fars

• Emad o-dowleh Abol Hasan, Emir 932–939
• Azad o-dowleh, 939–982
• Sharaf o-dowleh, 982–989
• Samsam o-dowleh, 989–998
• Baha o-dowleh, 998–1012
• Soltan o-dowleh, 1012–1024
• Emad o-dowleh Abu Kalijar, 1024–1048
• Malek Rahim Abu Nasr Khosrow Firuz, 1048–1055

Diylamids of Khuzestan and Kerman

• Mo'ez o-dowleh, 932–966
• Azad o-dowleh, Bakhtiar 966–977
• Azado o-dowleh Abu Shoja', 977–982
• Baha o-dowleh, 989–1012
• Soltan o-dowleh, 1012–1021
• Abu Kalijar Marzban, 1043–1048
• Ghavam o-dowleh, 1012–1028
• Abu Mansur Fulad sotoon, 1048–1056

Diylamids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamedan

• Rokn o-dowleh, Sultan 932–976
• Mo'ayyed o-dowleh, 976–983
• Fakhr o-dowleh, 976–997
• Majd o-dowleh, 997–1029
• Shams o-dowleh, 997–1021
• Sama o-dowleh, 1021–1023

Saffarids in Seistan and beyond, 861–1002,

• Yagub Leith Saffar
• Abu Yusef Yaqub ebne Lais, surnamed "the coppersmith", Emir 861–878
• Amr o ebne Lais, 878–900
• Abol Hasan Taher ebne Mohammad ebne Amro ebne Lais, 900–908
• Lais ebne Ali ebne Lais, 908–910
• Abu Ali Mohammad ebne Ali ebne Lais, 910–910
• Abu Jafar Ahmad ebne Mohammad ebne Khalf, 923–963
• Abu Ahmad Khalf ebne Ahmad, 963–1002

Samanids (Proto-Tajiks), 892–998

• Adel; Amir Mazi Abyu Ebrahim Esmail ebne Ahmad, Emir 892–907
• Shaheed; Abu Nasr Ahmad ebne Esmail, 907–913
• Saeed; Abol Hasan Nasr ebne Ahmad, 913–942
• Hamid; Abu Mohammad Nuh ebne Nasr, 942–954
• Rashid; Abul Foares Abdolmaleh ebne Nuh, 954–961
• Mo'ayyed; Amir Sadeed Abu Saleh Mansur ebne Nuh, 961–976
• Radhi; Shahanshah Abolqasem Nuh ebne Mansur, 976–996
• Abol Hareth; Mansur ebne Nuh, 996–998
• Abol Foares; AbdolMalek ebne Nuh, 998–998

Iraniate dynasties of Persia (Iran)

Ghaznavids, 997–1186

• Yameen o-dowleh AbolQasem Mahmud ebne Saboktekeen
  Mahmud of Ghazni
  
  'Mahmud of Ghazni Province' , also known as , was the founder of the Ghaznavid Empire, which he ruled from 997 until his death. Mahmud turned the former provincial city of Ghazni into the wealthy capital of an extensive empire which extended from Afghanistan into most of Iran as well as Pakistan and regions of North-West India....
  , Sultan 997–1030
• Jalal o-dowleh Abu Ahmad Mohammad ebne Mahmud, 1030–1030
• Shahab o-dowleh Abu Sa'd Masud ebne Mahmud, 1030–1040
• Shahab o-dowleh Abolfath Modud ebne Masud, 1040–1049
• Baha o-dowleh Abol Hasan Ali ebne Masud, 1049–1049
• Azad o-dowleh Abu Mansur Abdol Rashid ebne Mahmud ebne Saboktekeen, 1049–1052
• Jamal o-dowleh Abolfazl Farrokhzaad ebne Masud ebne Mahmud, 1052–1059
• Zaheer o-dowleh Abol Mozaffar Ebrahim, 1059–1098
• Ala o-dowleh Abu Saeed Masud ebne Ebrahim, 1098–1115
• Soltan o-dowleh Abol-fath Arsalan Shah, 1115–1117
• Yameen o-dowleh Abol Mozaffar Baharm Shah ebne Masud, 1117–1153
• Taj o-dowleh Abol Shoja Khosro Shah ebne Bahram Shah, 1153–1160
• Saraj o-dowleh Abolmolook Khosrow Malek ebne Khosro Shah, 1160–1186

Seljuks, 1029–1194

• Togrül bin Mikail (Tughril Beg), Sultan 1037–1063
• Alp Arslan
  Alp Arslan
  
  Alp Arslan was the second sultan of the Seljuk dynasty and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponym of the dynasty. He assumed the name of Muhammad bin Da'ud Chaghri when he embraced Islam, and for his military prowess, personal valour, and fighting skills he obtained the surname Alp Arslan, which means "a valiant lion" in Turkish lang...
   bin Chaghri 1063–1072
• Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I
  Malik Shah I
  
  Jalal al-Dawlah Malik-shah or simply Malik Shah was the Seljuk Turks sultan from 1072 to 1092.He drove the Byzantine Empire out of most of Anatolia following their defeat by his father Alp Arslan at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071....
   1072–1092
• Nasir ad-Din Mahmud I
  Mahmud I of Great Seljuk
  
  Nasir ad-Din Mahmud I was the sultan of Seljuk Turks . He succeeded Malik Shah I as Sultan, but he did not gain control of the empire built by Malik Shah, and Alp Arslan....
   1092–1094
• Rukn ad-Din Barkiyaruq
  Barkiyaruq
  
  Abu al-Muzaffar Rukn ud-Din Barkyaruq bin Malik?ah was the sultan of Seljuk Turks from 1094-1105.He was a son of Malik Shah I and participated in the succession wars against his three brothers, Mahmud I of Great Seljuk, Ahmed Sanjar, and Mehmed I of Great Seljuk....
   1094–1105
• Mu'izz ad-Din Malik Shah II
  Malik Shah II
  
  Mu'izz ad-Din Malik Shah II Was Seljukids Sultan in Baghdad during 1105. He was the grandson of Malik Shah I, and was theoretically the head of the dynasty, although his relative Ahmed Sanjar in Khorasan probably held more effective power....
   1105
• Ghiyath ad-Din Mehmed I Tapar (Muhammad) 1105–1118
• Mu'izz ad-Din Ahmed Sanjar
  Ahmed Sanjar
  
  Mu'iz ud-Din Ahmad-e Sanjar was the sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire from 1118 to 1153. He was initially the sultan of Greater Khorasan until he gained the rest of the territory upon the death of Muhammad I of Great Seljuk....
   1097–1157
• Mahmud II
  Mahmud II of Great Seljuk
  
  Mahmud II proclaimed himself the Seljuk Turks sultan of Baghdad in 1118 following the death of Mehmed I of Great Seljuk . Mahmud fought against the Seljuk Sultan of Khorasan, Ahmed Sanjar, whom Mehmed I had revolted against in 1105....
   1118–1131
• Dawud (David) 1131–1132
• Togrül II (Tughril Beg) 1132–1134
• Mesud I 1134–1152
• Malik Shah III 1152–1153
• Mehmed II (Muhammad II) 1153–1160
• Süleyman Shah (Sulaiman Shah) 1160–1161
• Arslan Shah 1161–1176
• Togrül III (Tughril Beg III) 1176–1194

Khwarazmid

Khwarezmian Empire

The Khwarezmian dynasty, more commonly known as Khwarezm Shahs or Khwarezm-Shah dynasty was a Persianate society Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turco-Persian mamluk origin which ruled Greater Iran, first as vassals of the Seljuqs and later as independent rulers in the 11th century....
s, 1096–1230

• Ghotb-al-Din Muhammad I of Khwarazm
  Muhammad I of Khwarazm
  
  Qutb al-Din Muhammad was Khwarezmid Empire Shah from 1097 until his death. He was the son of Anush Tigin.In around 1097 Qutb al-Din Muhammad was appointed governor of Khwarazm by the Seljuks sultan Barkiyaruq's military commander, Habashi ibn Altun-Taq....
   ebne Anushtekeen Gharajeh, Shah (1096–1128)
• Ala-al-Din Abol Mozaffar Aziz ebne Ghotb-al-Din ebne Mohammad (1128–1156)
• Taj-al-Din Abolfath IlIl-Arslan
  Il-Arslan
  
  Il-Arslan was Khwarezmid Empire Shah from 1156 until his death. He was the son of Ats?z.In 1152 Il-Arslan was made governor of Jand, an outpost on the Syr Darya which had recently been reconquered, by his father....
   (1156–1171)
• Jalal-al-Din Mahmud Soltanshah ebne Il Arsalan (1171–1172)
• Muhammad II of Khwarezm
  Muhammad II of Khwarezm
  
  Ala ad-Din Muhammad II was the ruler of the Khwarezmid Empire from 1200 to 1220. His father was a Turkic slave who eventually became a viceroy of a small province named Khwarizm....
   (Ala-al-Din Takesh ebne Il Arsalan) (1172–1199)
• Soltan Jalal-al-Din Mohammad ebne Aladdin Takesh (1199–1220)
• Jalal-al-Din Mingburnu ebne Ala-al-Din Mohammad (1220–1230)

Ilkhans, 1256–1380

• Hülëgü Khan ebne Tulay ebne Genghis, Ilkhan 1256–1265
• Abaqa Khan ebne Hulegu, 1265–1282
• Sultan Ahmad Tekuder
  Tekuder
  
  Ahmed Tekuder , also known as Sultan Ahmad was the sultan of the Ilkhanate, son of Hulegu and brother of Abaqa. He was eventually succeeded by Arghun Khan....
   ebne Hulegu, 1282–1284
• Arghun
  Arghun
  
  Arghun Khan was the fourth ruler of the Mongol Empire Ilkhanate, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a devout Buddhist ....
   Khan ebne Abaqa, 1284-1291
• Gaikhatu ebne Abaqa, 1291–1295
• Baidukhan ebne Toghay ebne Hulegu, 1295
• Ghazan Khan ebne Arghun, 1295–1304
• Öljeitü Khoda bandeh ebne Arghun, 1304–1316
• Abu Sa'id Bahador Khan ebne Oljeitu, 1316–1335 (last of Chinggisid il-khans)
• Arpa Ke'un
  Arpa Ke'un
  
  Arpa Ke'un was an Ilkhanate during the disintegration of the Mongols state in Persian Empire. He was a member of the house of Tolui. His lineage traced back to Arik Boke who was a youngest brother of Mongke, Kublai and Hulegu....
  , 1335–1336
• Musa Khan ebne Ali, 1336–1353
• Muhammad Khan ebne Mangu, 1337–1338
• Sati beg
  Sati Beg
  
  Al-sultana al-radila Sati Beg Khan Khallad Allah Mulkaha was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate during the fragmentation of Persia in the mid-14th century....
  , daughter of Oljeitu, 1338–1340
• Shah Jahan Teimoor ebne Alafarang, 1338–1339
• Soleiman Khan, 1340–1344
• Togha Teimoor Khan, 1335–1352
• Anushiravan e Adel, 1343–1355

Muzaffarid Dynasty, 1314–1393

• Mubariz ad-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar, Emir 1314–1358
• Abu'l Fawaris Djamal ad-Din Shah Shuja (at Yazd, 1353 at Shiraz), 1335–1364 with...
• Qutb Al-Din Shah Mahmud (at Isfahan) ( d. 1375), 1358–1366
• Abu'l Fawaris Djamal ad-Din Shah Shuja (at Yazd, 1353 at Shiraz), 1366–1384
• Mujahid ad-Din Zain Al-Abidin 'Ali, 1384–1387

• Imad ad-Din Sultan Ahmad (at Kerman), 1387–1391 with...
• Mubariz ad-Din Shah Yahya (at Shiraz), 1387–1391 and...
• Sultan Abu Ishaq (in Sirajan), 1387–1391
• Shah Mansur (at Isfahan), 1391–1393

Timurid dynasty, 1380–1507

• Timur
  Timur
  
  Timur , among his other names, commonly known as Tamerlane in the West, was a 14th century Turko-Mongol conqueror of much of western and Central Asia, and founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, which survived until 1857 as the Mughal Empire of India....
   ("Tamerlane"), 1369–1405, nominally under the authority of the Chagatai Khanate
  Chagatai Khanate
  
  The Chagatai Khanate was a Mongol, and later linguistically Turkic languages, khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan , second son of the Great Khan Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors....
  

• Pir Muhammad
  Pir Muhammad
  
  Pir Muhammad was a grandson and appointed successor of Timur. He was the son of Jahangir.In 1392 he received the governorship of Qandahar. His territory extended from the lands west of the Hindu Kush to the Indus River....
  , grandson of Timur, 1392-1407, effectively ruled from Qandahar
• Djalal Ud-Din Miran Shah
  Miran Shah
  
  Miran Shah was a son of Timur, and a Timurid Empire governor during his father's lifetime.Miran's Shah's first charge was a vast region centered around Qandahar, which he was granted in 1383....
  , son of Timur, 1405–1408, ruled Azerbaijan
  Azerbaijan
  
  Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located partially in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia....
  
• Rustam, 1405–1409, ruled Arabistan
  Arabistan
  
  "Arabistan" or "Arabestan" may refer to:*The name of the Arabian Peninsula*The country "Arabistan al-Saudiyah", which is the name which is used by some countries in the region for Saudi Arabia....
  
• Khalil Sultan (Timurid dynasty), son of Miran Shah, 1405–1409, ruled in Samarkand
  Samarkand
  
  Samarkand , is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province.The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study....
  , surrendered to Shah Rukh
  Shah Rukh (Timurid dynasty)
  
  Shahrukh Mirza , was the ruler of the eastern portion of the empire established by the Central Asian warlord Timur - the founder of the Timurid dynasty - governing most of Persian Empire and Transoxiana between 1405 and 1447....
  , became governor of Rayy until his death in 1411
• Shah Rukh
  Shah Rukh (Timurid dynasty)
  
  Shahrukh Mirza , was the ruler of the eastern portion of the empire established by the Central Asian warlord Timur - the founder of the Timurid dynasty - governing most of Persian Empire and Transoxiana between 1405 and 1447....
  , son of Timur, 1405–1447, ruled first in Transoxiana
  Transoxiana
  
  Transoxiana is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and southwest Kazakhstan....
  
• Ayyal, 1414, opposed Shah Rukh
• Ailankar, 1414–1415, opposed Shah Rukh
• Bayqara, 1409–1412, ruled in Fars
• Iskandar
  Iskandar (Timurid dynasty)
  
  Iskandar was a ruler of Persia of the Timurid dynasty, ruling from 1412-1414....
  , 1412–1414, ruled first in Fars, then Azerbaijan & Arabistan

• Ulugh Beg
  Ulugh Beg
  
  Ulugh Beg...
  , son of Shah Rukh, 1447–1449

• 'Abd al-Latif, son of Ulugh Beg, 1449–1450
• ‘Abdullah Mirza, grandson of Shah Rukh, 1450–1451
• Abu Sa'id ibn Muhammad
  Abu Sa'id (Timurid dynasty)
  
  Abu Sa?id b. Mu?ammad b. Miranshah b. Timur , was a Timurid Empire ruler in what is today parts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iran and Afghanistan and member of the Timurid dynasty....
  , grandson of Miran Shah, 1451–1469, conquered Khurasan in 1459

• Babur Ibn-Baysunkur
  Babur Ibn-Baysunkur
  
  Babur Ibn-Baysunkur , was a Timurid Empire ruler in Khurasan . He was the son of Baisunqur, and thus the a grandson of Shah Rukh .Babur was one of the many people involved in the succession struggle that took place during Shah Rukh's last years....
  , grandson of Shah Rukh, 1449–1457
• Shah Mahmud
  Mahmud (Timurid Dynasty)
  
  Shah Mahmud was briefly a Timurid ruler of Herat. He was the son of Babur Ibn-Baysunkur, who was a great-grandson of Timur.Shah Mahmud succeeded his father upon his death in 1457 at the age of eleven....
  , son of Babur, 1457
• Ibrahim
  Ibrahim (Timurid Dynasty)
  
  Ibrahim was a Timurid ruler of Herat in the fifteenth century. He was the son of 'Ala' al-Daula, a great-grandson of Timur.Ibrahim came to power in Herat in the aftermath of the death of Babur Ibn-Baysunkur....
  , 1457
• Jahan Shah
  Jahan Shah
  
  Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf ? was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation in Azerbaijan and Arran who reigned c.1438-1467....
  , leader of the Black Sheep Turcomans
  Kara Koyunlu
  
  The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans , were a Shi'ite Oghuz Turks tribal federation that ruled over the territory comprising the present-day Armenia, Republic of Azerbaijan, Iranian Azerbaijan, western Iran, eastern Turkey and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468....
  , 1457–1458

• Sultan Ahmad
  Sultan Ahmad
  
  ltan Ahmad ibn Abu Sa?id was the Timurid ruler of Samarkand from 1469 till 1494. During his rule he successfully repelled at least one invasion attempt by the Kara Koyunlu, and failed in an attempt to conquer Herat from the land of Khurasan from its ruler Husayn Bayqarah....
  , son Abu Sa'id, 1469–1494
• Sultan Mahmud, son of Abu Sa'id, 1494–1495
• Masud, 1495
• Sultan Baysunghur, 1495–1497
• Sultan Ali Mirza 1495–1500

• Sultan Mahmud
  Sultan Mahmud
  
  Sultan Mahmud may refer to:*Mahmud I , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire*Mahmud II , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire*Mahmud of Ghazni, Sultan of Persia in the 11th century...
  , son of Abu Sa'id, 1469
• Husayn Bayqarah
  Husayn Bayqarah
  
  Husayn Bayqarah was a Timurid ruler of Herat from 1469 to 1506, with a brief interruption in 1470. His father was Mansur, a great-grandson of Timur....
  , 1469–1506
• Badi' al-Zaman
  Badi' al-Zaman
  
  Badi' al-Zaman was a Timurid Empire ruler of Herat from 1506 to 1507. He was the son of Husayn Bayqarah, who was a great-great-grandson of Timur....
  , son of Husayn, 1506–1507, fled to the court of Ismail I
  Ismail I
  
  Shah Isma'il Abu'l-Mozaffar bin Sheikh Haydar bin Sheikh Junayd Safawi , was a Shah of Iran and the founder of the Safavids, which survived until 1736....
  

Iranian Shahs of modern Persia

Safavid dynasty, 1502–1736

• Ismail I
  Ismail I
  
  Shah Isma'il Abu'l-Mozaffar bin Sheikh Haydar bin Sheikh Junayd Safawi , was a Shah of Iran and the founder of the Safavids, which survived until 1736....
   1501–1524
• Tahmasp I
  Tahmasp I
  
  Tahmasp I was an influential Shah of Persian Empire of the Safavids Dynasty.Tahmasp was born in Shah Abad and came to power at the age of 10, when he succeeded to the throne of Persia in 1524 after the death of Ismail I....
   1524–1576
• Ismail II
  Ismail II
  
  Ismail II was third Safavid Shah of Iran. Although often referred to as the successor of his father, Tahmasp I, Ismail did not succeed his father immediately after his death....
   1576–1578
• Mohammed Khodabanda
  Mohammed Khodabanda
  
  Mohammed Khodabanda of Khudabanda, also known as Mohammed Shah, was the fourth Safavid Shah of Iran .He succeeded to the throne of Persia upon his brother Ismail II's death in 1578....
   1578–1587
• Abbas I 1587–1629
• Safi
  Safi of Persia
  
  Shah Safi was Shah of Iran from 1629 to 1642. He was the sixth Shah under the Safavids and grandson of Abbas I of Persia. He was not considered a great ruler....
   1629–1642
• Abbas II
  Abbas II of Persia
  
  Shah Abbas II was Shah of Iran from 1642 to 1666. He was the seventh Shah of the Safavid Dynasty. He was the son of Safi of Persia and originally bore the name Prince Sultan Muhammed Mirza before his coronation on May 15 1642....
   1642–1666
• Suleiman I
  Suleiman I of Persia
  
  Suleiman I was a Safavid shah of Persian Empire who reigned between 1666 and 1694. He was the elder son of the previous shah Abbas II of Persia and a Circassians slave, Nakihat Khanum....
   1666–1694
• Sultan Hoseyn I
  Husayn (Safavid)
  
  Soltan Hosein was a Safavid king of Persian Empire . He ruled from 1694 until he was overthrown by Afghans rebels in 1722. His reign saw the downfall of the Safavid dynasty, which had ruled Persia since the beginning of the 16th century....
   1694–1722
• Tahmasp II
  Tahmasp II
  
  Tahmasp II was one of the last Safavid rulers of Persian_Empire .Tahmasp was the son of Husayn , the Shah of Iran at that time. When Husayn was forced to abdicate by the Afghanistan in 1722, Prince Tahmasp wished to claim the throne....
   1722–1726 First Time

• Shah Ahmad Marashi
  Shah Ahmad Marashi
  
  Ahmad Shah Marashi was a Safavid Iranian Shah 1726 –1728 that succeeded Tahmasp II of Persia, while the Shah was in the northern provinces fighting with Nader Shah against the Russians and the Ottomans....
   1726–1728

• Tahmasp II
  Tahmasp II
  
  Tahmasp II was one of the last Safavid rulers of Persian_Empire .Tahmasp was the son of Husayn , the Shah of Iran at that time. When Husayn was forced to abdicate by the Afghanistan in 1722, Prince Tahmasp wished to claim the throne....
   1728–1732
• Abbas III
  Abbas III
  
  Abbas III was a son of Shah Tahmasp II of the Safavid dynasty. After the deposition of his father by Nadir Shah Afshar in 1732 the eight month old Abbas was appointed nominal ruler of Persia ....
   1732–1736

• Suleiman II 1749–1750

• Ismail III 1750 First Time

• Mohammad Hossain Shah III 1750 –175] in Mazandaran. Deposed 1757.

• Ismail III 1752–1761 Second Time

• Mohammad Shah 1786 He married the daughter of Ismail III and was installed by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar Quyunlu. From his descendants come the Beys of Tunisia (through his daughter).

Hotaki dynasty, 1722-1729

• Mir Mahmud Hotaki
  Mir Mahmud Hotaki
  
  Mir Mahmud Hotaki was an Afghan tribal leader who overthrew the Safavid dynasty to become Shah of Persia in 1722. He was the eldest son of Mirwais Khan Hotak, the leader of the Ghilzai of Kandahar, who had successfully rebelled against the Safavid shah of Persia, Soltan Hosein....
   1722–1725
• Ashraf Khan Hotaki
  Ashraf Khan
  
  Ashraf Khan was the last ruler of the Hotaki dynasty. He was an ethnic Pashtun people from the Ghilzai tribe, who succeeded to the throne after the death of Mir Mahmud Hotaki in 1725....
   1725–1729

Afsharid dynasty, 1736–1797

• Nader Shah
  Nader Shah
  
  Nader Shah Afshar ruled as Shah of Iran and was the founder of the Afsharid Persian Empire. Because of his military history genius, some historians have described him as the Napoleon I of France of Persia or the Second Alexander the Great....
  , 1736–1747
• Adil Shah
  Adil Shah
  
  Adil Shah Afshar or Ali Qoli was Shah of Persia from 1747 until 1748. Subsequent to the assassination of Nadir Shah in Fathabad , his nephew declared himself Adil Shah , and shah of Persia....
  , 1747–1748
• Ebrahim Afshar
  Ebrahim Afshar
  
  Ebrahim Shah Afshar was king of Iran from July to September of 1748. He was Adil Shah's brother and Nader Shah's nephew. He toppled his brother in order to seize the power, and blinded him on July 6....
  , 1748
• Shah Rukh
  Shah Rukh of Persia
  
  Shahrokh Shah Afshar was a king of Afsharid dynasty and a contemporary of Zand kings. He reigned until 1796.As the teenage son of Reza Gholi Mirza and Nader Shah's grandson, he was elected by the nobles following the assassination of Ebrahim Afshar....
  , 1748–1797, he lost power in 1750 but nominally remained Shah.

Zand dynasty, 1750–1794

• Karim Khan
  Karim Khan
  
  Karim Khan Zand, , , was the ruler and de facto Shah of Iran from 1760 until 1779. He founded the Zand dynasty. He never styled himself as "shah" or king, and instead used the title President ....
  , 1750–1779
• Abol Fath Khan
  Abol Fath Khan
  
  'Abol Fath Khan Zand' , was the third Shah of Zand dynasty, who ruled the Persian Empire from March 6, 1779 until August 22, 1779.After the death of Karim Khan in 1779, Zaki Khan, his half brother declared Muhammad Ali Khan, the second son of Karim Khan and his son-in-law as the second ruler of the Zand dynasty, but soon after, he made ...
  , 1779
• Mohammad Ali Khan
  Mohammad Ali Khan
  
  Mohammad `Ali Khan Zand , was the second Shah of the Zand dynasty. He ruled Persian Empire from March 6, 1779 until June 19, 1779.After the death of Karim Khan in 1779, Iran disintegrated once again....
  , 1779
• Sadiq Khan, 1779–1782
• Ali Murad Khan
  Ali Murad Khan
  
  Ali Murad Khan Zand the sixth Shah of the Zand dynasty, reigned from March 15, 1781 until February 11, 1785.After the death of Karim Khan Zand, Agha Muhammad Khan who was a hostage--in light of preventing an outbreak of war between the Qajar tribes in the northern Persian Empire and the Zands--escaped promptly and reached Mazandaran....
  , 1782–1785
• Jafar Khan
  Jafar Khan
  
  Jafar Khan Zand, was a Shah of Persian Empire who reigned from February 18, 1785 - January 23, 1789. He was the seventh king of Zand dynasty....
  , 1785–1789
• Lotf Ali Khan, 1789–1794

Qajar dynasty, 1794–1925 ?????? ?????

• Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, 1794–1797
• Fath Ali Shah, 1797–1834
• Ali Mirza Qajar
  Ali Mirza Qajar
  
  Soltan Ali Mirza Qajar is the son of soltan Majid Mirza Qajar and the grandson of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar. He is the current Head of the Qajar Imperial Family....
  , usurper, 1834 (40 days)
• Mohammad Shah Qajar
  Mohammad Shah Qajar
  
  Mohammad Shah Qajar ?? was a List of kings of Persia of the Qajar dynasty between 23 October 1834 and 5 September 1848.Rise to Power ...
  , 1834–1848
• Nasser-al-Din Shah, 1848–1896
• Mozzafar-al-Din Shah, 1896–1907
• Mohammad Ali Shah, 1907–1909
• Ahmad Shah Qajar
  Ahmad Shah Qajar
  
  Ahmad Shah Qajar ? was Shah of Persia from July 16, 1909, to October 31, 1925 and the last of the Qajar dynasty....
   1909–1925

Pahlavi dynasty, 1925–1979 ?????? ?????

• Reza Shah Pahlavi, 15 December 1925 – 16 September 1941 (crowned 25 April 1926)
• Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
  Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
  
  Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, List of kings of Persia, , styled His Imperial Majesty, and holding the imperial titles of Shahanshah , and Aryamehr , was the monarchy of Iran from September 16, 1941, until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on February 11, 1979....
  , 16 September 1941 – 11 February 1979 (crowned 26 October 1967) and his wife Empress Farah Pahlavi
  Farah Pahlavi
  
  Empress Farah of Iran , is the widow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the late Shah of Iran, and only Empress of modern Iran.Though the titles and distinctions of the Iranian imperial family were abolished by the new government, she often is styled Empress or Shahbanu, out of courtesy, by foreign media as well as by supporters of the former monar...
   (born 14 October 1938).

See also

• History of Iran
  History of Iran
  
  History of Iran and Greater Iran consists of the area from the Euphrates in the west to the Indus River and Syr Darya in the east and from the Caucasus, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south....
  
• Persian Empire
  Persian Empire
  
  The 'Persian Empire' was a series of successive Iranian or Persianization empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus....
  
• Shahzada
  Shahzada
  
  Shahzada is the Urdu and Persian word for prince. The term literally means "son of a monarch or Shah". Shahzadi is princess. Typically the formulation of the princely title Shahzada is connected to the prince's surname....