Cross

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Etymology

History

As markings

• The Roman numeral for ten
  10 (number)
  
  10 is an Even and odd numbers natural number following 9 and preceding 11 ....
   is X
  X
  
  X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English language is spelled ex , plural exes .History...
  .
• In the Latin alphabet
  Latin alphabet
  
  The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. It evolved from the western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumae alphabet, and was initially developed by the Ancient Romes to write the Latin....
  , the letter X
  X
  
  X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English language is spelled ex , plural exes .History...
   and the minuscule form of t
  T
  
  T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English language is spelled tee . It is the most commonly used consonant and the second most common letter in the English language....
   are crosses.
• The Chinese character for ten is ?; (see Chinese numerals
  Chinese numerals
  
  Chinese numerals are characters for writing numbers in Chinese language. Today, speakers of Chinese use three numeral systems:the ubiquitous system of Arabic numeral system, along with two ancient Chinese numeral systems....
  ).
• The dagger
  Dagger (typography)
  
  A dagger is a typographical symbol or glyph. It is also called an obelus, cross, or Obelism, from a Greek language word meaning "roasting spit" or "needle", or obelisk, its diminutive ....
   or obelus (†)
• The addition
  Addition
  
  Addition is the mathematics process of putting things together. The plus sign "+" means that numbers are added together. For example, in the picture on the right, there are 3 + 2 apples?meaning three apples and two other apples?which is the same as five apples, since 3 + 2 = 5....
   (or plus) sign (+) and the multiplication
  Multiplication
  
  Multiplication is the Operation of scaling one number by another. It is one of the four basic operations in elementary arithmetic .Multiplication is defined for Natural number in terms of repeated addition; for example, 4 multiplied by 3 can be calculated by adding 3 copies of 4 together:...
   (or times) sign (×).

As emblems and symbols

Cross Name	Description	Picture
Christian cross Christian cross The Christian cross is the best-known religious symbol of Christianity. It is a representation of the instrument of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ....	Also known as the Latin cross or crux ordinaria. It is the most common symbol of Christianity Christianity Christianity is a Monotheistic religion #Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus as New Testament view on Jesus' life.... , intended to represent the death of Jesus Jesus Jesus of Nazareth , also known as Jesus Christ, is the central figure of Christianity and is revered by most Christian churches as the Son of God and the Incarnation ....  when he was crucified Crucifixion Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution , whereby the condemned person is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead....  on the True Cross True Cross The True Cross is the name for physical remnants which, by a Christianity tradition, are believed to be from the actual cross upon which Jesus was crucified....  and his resurrection in the New Testament New Testament The New Testament is the name given to the second major division of the Christianity Bible, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament.... .
Ankh Ankh The ankh was the Egyptian hieroglyphic character that read "eternal life", a triliteral sign for the consonants Ayin-Nun -?a'. Egyptian gods are often portrayed carrying it by its loop, or bearing one in each hand, arms crossed over their chest....	Also known as the Key of the Nile, the Looped Tau Cross, and the Ansate Cross. It was an Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was an Ancient history civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile in what is now the modern nation of Egypt.... ian symbol of life Life Life is a characteristic of organisms that exhibit certain biological processes such as chemical reactions or other events that results in a transformation....  and fertility. Sometimes given a Latin name if it appears in specifically Christian contexts, such as the crux ansata ("handled cross").
Coptic ankh	The Coptic ankh Coptic ankh The Coptic ankh cross, also known as the Gnosticism cross, has its origin in the Ancient Egyptian religion Ankh and is the pre Coptic cross of the early Christian gnostic movement....  is the Ankh related pre Original Coptic cross Coptic cross The original Coptic cross has its origin in the Coptic ankh symbol and was adopted by early Christian Gnosticism such as the well known Valentinus of Alexandria, Egypt....  of the early Gnostic Christians in Egypt.
Original Coptic Cross	The original Coptic cross Coptic cross The original Coptic cross has its origin in the Coptic ankh symbol and was adopted by early Christian Gnosticism such as the well known Valentinus of Alexandria, Egypt....  used by early Gnostic Christians in Egypt.
Sun cross Sun cross File:Muiredach s Cross.jpgThe sun cross, a cross inside a circle, is one of the oldest and most widespread of symbols. The Neolithic symbol combining cross and circle is the simplest conceivable representation of the union of opposed polarities in the Western world....	Also known as the Sunwheel, solar cross or Odin's cross, because Odin Odin Odin , is considered the chief ?sir in Norse paganism. Homologous with the Anglo-Saxons Woden and the Old High German Wotan, it is descended from Proto-Germanic *Wodanaz or *Wodanaz.... 's symbol in Norse mythology Norse mythology Norse, Viking or Scandinavian mythology comprises the beliefs, myths and legends of the Norse paganism of the North Germanic language people, including those who settled on Faroe Islands and Iceland, where most of the written sources for Norse mythology were assembled....  was a cross in a circle. Used throughout Native American Indigenous peoples of the Americas The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas, their descendants, and many ethnic groups who identify with those peoples....  culture to represent the great Medicine Wheel Medicine wheel Medicine wheels, or sacred hoops, were constructed by laying stones in a particular pattern on the ground. Most medicine wheels follow the basic pattern of having a center of stone, and surrounding that is an outer ring of stones with "spokes", or lines of rocks radiating from the center....  of life. It's also the symbol used by the Gnostic Movements Gnosticism Gnosticism refers to diverse, syncretistic religious movements in antiquity consisting of various belief systems generally united in the teaching that humans are divine souls trapped in a Nature created by an imperfect god, the demiurge; this being is frequently identified with the Abrahamic God, and is contrasted with a superior entity, ref... .
High cross High cross File:Cloncha cross church.jpgA high cross is a free-standing Christianity cross made of stone and often richly decorated. They were raised primarily in Ireland, Great Britain and Scandinavia during the Early Middle Ages and sometimes later....	Free-standing Celtic cross Celtic cross File:Celtic-style crossed circle.svgFile:CelticCross.svgA Celtic cross is a symbol that combines a cross with a ring surrounding the intersection.... es commonly found in Ireland Ireland Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....  and to a lesser extent in Great Britain Great Britain Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the List of islands by area, and the largest in Europe. With a population of 58.9 million people it is List of islands by population.... , very common in churches and graveyards.
Coptic Cross	A small circle from which emanate four arms of equal length, with angled T shapes in the corners, cross-pieces outward, representing the nails used in Jesus' crucifixion. This cross receives its name from Coptic Christianity Coptic Christianity ||-The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the official name for the largest Christianity church in Egypt. The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodoxy family of churches, which has been a distinct church body since the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, when it took a different position over Christology theology from that of the E... , which centered around Alexandria, Egypt.
Canterbury cross	Used in the Anglican Churches. It has four arms of equal length, each widening at the outer end in a hammer shape so that their rims nearly form a circle. Each arm bears a triangular panel incised with a triquetra Triquetra Triquetra is a word derived from the Latin tri- and quetrus . Its original meaning was simply "triangle" and it has been used to refer to various three-cornered shapes....   symbolizing the Trinity Trinity In Christianity doctrine, the Trinity is the unity of God the Father, God the Son, and Holy Spirit as three persons in monotheism. The doctrine states that God is the Triune God, existing as three persons, or in the Greek hypostasis , but one being.... . In the center of the cross is a small square. The Anglo-Saxon original, as a brooch Brooch A brooch is a decorative jewelry item designed to be attached to garments. It is usually made of metal, often silver or gold but sometimes bronze or some other material.... , dates from c. 850 A.D. and was excavated in 1867 in Canterbury Canterbury Canterbury lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a local government district of Kent, in South East England. It lies on the River Stour.... , England. A stone replica can be found in Canterbury Cathedral and in many other Anglican cathedrals around the world.
Crucifix Crucifix A crucifix is a Christian cross with a representation of Jesus' body, or corpus. It is a principal symbol of the Christianity religion. It is primarily used in the Roman Catholic Church, Anglican churches, and Eastern Orthodox churches, and it emphasizes Christ's sacrifice— his death by crucifixion, which they believe brought about th...	A cross with a representation of Jesus Jesus Jesus of Nazareth , also known as Jesus Christ, is the central figure of Christianity and is revered by most Christian churches as the Son of God and the Incarnation .... ' body hanging from it. It is primarily used in the Catholic Church Roman Catholic Church The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population.... , Anglican churches, and Eastern Orthodox churches, and it emphasizes Christ's sacrifice— his death by crucifixion Crucifixion Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution , whereby the condemned person is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead.... .
Greek cross	Used especially by Eastern Orthodoxy and Early Christianity Early Christianity Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus and the First Council of Nicaea ....  Also known as the crux immissa quadrata. Has all arms of equal length. Often the arms curve wider as they go out.
Florian cross	Adopted as an emblem by the fire service, this cross is named for Saint Florian Saint Florian Saint Florian is a Christian saint, and the patron saint of Poland; Linz, Austria; chimney sweeps; and firefighting. His feast day is May 4. St.... , the patron saint of Poland Poland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north.... , Austria Austria Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....  and firefighters. Although similar to the Maltese Cross Maltese cross The Maltese cross or Amalfi cross is identified as the symbol of an order of Christian warriors known as the Knights Hospitaller or Knights of Malta....  and Cross pattée Cross pattée A cross patt?e is a type of cross that has arms which are narrow at the center, and broader at the perimeter. The name comes from the fact that the shape of each arm of the cross was thought to resemble a paw .... , it differs in having arms rounded outwards at the ends. Two different versions are included here; the one above is commonly found on fire service badges, patches, and emblems; the one below is typical of the St. Florian medallion or medal.
Eastern cross Eastern Cross Eastern Cross FMC is a United States-based private military contractor established during the Persian Gulf War, stationed in Germany. Its main tasks during the 1990s were to conduct special operations and reconnaissance for the United States that were not possible under political pressure....	Used in the Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian communion in the world with an estimated 225 million members worldwide. It is considered by its adherents to be the Four Marks of the Church established by Jesus Christ and his Apostles nearly 2000 years ago....  and Eastern Catholic Churches of Byzantine rite Byzantine Rite The Byzantine Rite, sometimes called the Rite of Constantinople or Constantinopolitan Rite, is the liturgy used currently by all the Eastern Orthodox Churches and by the Greek-Catholic Churches .... . The top line is said to represent the headboard, and the bottom, slanted line represents the footrest, wrenched loose by Jesus' writhing in intense agony. It is raised to the left side, because that was the side of the righteous criminal who said to Jesus: "remember me when you come into your kingdom". This symbolises the victory of good over evil. The letters IC XC found at the end of the main arm of most Eastern Orthodox Crosses are a Christogram Christogram A Christogram is a monogram or combination of letters that forms an abbreviation for the name of Jesus Christ, traditionally used as a Christian symbolism.... , representing the name of Jesus Christ.
St. Brigid's Cross	This cross is found throughout Ireland. It is told that the cross was made by Brigid, daughter of a Pagan King from reeds to be used as an instrument of conversion. However, Brigid's name is derived from Brigit (also spelled Brigid, Brìghde, Brìde, and Bríde), a Celtic Goddess of fire, poetry, and smithcraft, and today the cross is used to protect houses from fire. This is an example of the integration of religious traditions. The cross itself derives from the Indo-European Swastika Swastika The swastika is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at Angle#Types of angles, in either right-facing form or its mirrored left-facing form.... , or Solar Wheel Sun cross File:Muiredach s Cross.jpgThe sun cross, a cross inside a circle, is one of the oldest and most widespread of symbols. The Neolithic symbol combining cross and circle is the simplest conceivable representation of the union of opposed polarities in the Western world....
Labarum Labarum For the article about the "PX" symbol see Chi RhoThe Labarum was a typographic ligature formed from Chi and Rho , which had particular symbolic significance to the Roman Empires, Ancient Greece, and to the Christianity of Late Antiquity in general....	Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337.... 's Labarum is also known as a Chrismon, Chi-Rho (from the two Greek letters Greek alphabet The Greek alphabet is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th century BC or early 8th century BCE....  that make it up) or monogram of the first two letters of the name Christ Christogram A Christogram is a monogram or combination of letters that forms an abbreviation for the name of Jesus Christ, traditionally used as a Christian symbolism.... . Several other forms of Chrismons exist.
Lorraine Cross Cross of Lorraine The Cross of Lorraine is a heraldry cross. The "double cross" consists of a vertical line crossed by two smaller horizontal bars. The lower bar is as close to the bottom of the vertical as the upper bar is to the top....	Used in heraldry Heraldry Heraldry is the profession, study, or art of devising, granting, and blazoning Coat of arms and ruling on questions of rank or protocol, as exercised by an officer of arms.... . It is similar to a patriarchal cross Patriarchal cross The Patriarchal cross is a variant of the Christian cross, the universal religious symbol of Christianity. Similar to the familiar Latin cross, the Patriarchal cross possesses a smaller crossbar placed above the main one, so that both crossbars are near the top.... , but usually has one bar near the bottom and one near the top, rather than having both near the top. Is part of the heraldic arms of Lorraine in eastern France. It was originally held to be a symbol of Joan of Arc Joan of Arc Saint Joan of Arc also known as the Maid of Orleans, is a national heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in eastern France, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, claiming divine guidance, and was indirectly responsible for the coronation of Charles VII of Franc... , renowned for her perseverance against foreign invaders of France.
Marian Cross Marian Cross The Marian Cross is an informal name applied to a Roman Catholic cross design. It consists of a traditional Latin cross with the crossbar extended on the right, and a letter "M" in the lower right quadrant....	Included on the coat of arms Coat of arms A coat of arms, more properly called an armorial achievement, armorial bearings or often just arms for short, in European tradition, is a design belonging to a particular person and used by them in a wide variety of ways....  of Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II John Paul II is widely acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the twentieth century. He has been Pope_John_Paul_II#Role_in_the_fall_of_Communism in bringing down communism in Eastern Europe, as well as significantly improving the Roman Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and A... , the Marian Cross is a Catholic Catholic Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek language adjective , meaning "whole" or "complete". In the context of Christianity ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages....  adaptation of the traditional Latin cross to emphasize Catholic devotion to Mary.
Nordic Cross	Used in flags Vexillology Vexillology is the scholarly study of flags. The word is a synthesis of the Latin word vexillum and the suffix -logy, meaning "study of"....  descended from the Dannebrog Flag of Denmark File:Flag of Denmark.svgFile:Dannebrog.jpgThe national flag of Denmark, Dannebrog, is red with a white Nordic Cross Flag that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side.... .
Occitan cross Occitan cross The Occitan cross ? also cross of Occitania, cross of Languedoc, cross of Forcalquier and Toulouse cross,? is the symbol of Occitania....	Based on the counts of Toulouse Toulouse Toulouse is a commune of France in southwest France on the banks of the Garonne, half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.... 's traditional coat of arms, it soon became the symbol of Occitania Occitania Occitania is the territory where Occitan language is the traditional language in use. This cultural area is mostly located in south France, includes Monaco, spans parts of Italy and Spain ....  as a whole.
Papal Cross Papal Cross The papal cross or ferula is an emblem of the papal office. As a material cross, it was carried before the Roman pontiff in processions or was used by him as his Crosier....	The three cross-bars represent the Pope Pope The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005.... 's triple role as Bishop of Rome, Patriarch of the West, and successor of St. Peter, Chief of the Apostles.
Patriarchal cross Patriarchal cross The Patriarchal cross is a variant of the Christian cross, the universal religious symbol of Christianity. Similar to the familiar Latin cross, the Patriarchal cross possesses a smaller crossbar placed above the main one, so that both crossbars are near the top....	Similar to a traditional Christian cross, but with an additional, smaller crossbar above the main one meant to represent all the Orthodox Christian Archbishops and Patriarchs. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, this cross is sometimes seen with an additional, slanted bar near the foot of the cross (see Byzantine Cross). This cross is similar to the Lorraine Cross and the Caravaca Cross.
Presbyterian Cross	Used by Presbyterian denominations.
Red Cross	Used as a symbol for medical care in most of the world, the Red Crescent being used in Islamic countries and the Magen David Adom Magen David Adom The Magen David Adom is Israel's national emergency medicine, Emergency management, ambulance and blood bank service. The name means "Red Shield of David" but is usually translated as "Red Star of David"....  in Israel Israel Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area.... .
Cross of Sacrifice Cross of Sacrifice The Cross of Sacrifice or War Cross was designed by Sir Reginald Blomfield for the Commonwealth War Graves Commission and is the focal point of the numerous Commonwealth war Cemetery throughout the world....	A Latin cross with a superimposed sword, blade down. It is a symbol used by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission Commonwealth War Graves Commission The Commonwealth War Graves Commission is a joint governmental organisation responsible for marking and maintaining the graves of members of the Commonwealth of Nations' military forces that died in the two world wars, to build memorials to those with no known grave, and to keep records of the war dead....  at the site of many war memorials.
Royal Flag of Georgia Flag of Georgia (country) The official flag of Georgia is the "five-cross flag", restored to official use on January 14, 2004, after a break of some 500 years. It was previously the flag of the medieval Georgian kingdom and had been used as the official symbol of the United National Movement political party....	Used in Georgia Georgia (country) Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....  as national flag, first used by Georgian Georgia (country) Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....  King Vakhtang Gorgasali in the 5th century and later adopted by Queen Tamar of Georgia Tamar of Georgia Tamar , of the Bagrationi dynasty, was Queen Regnant of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. The first woman to rule Georgia in her own right, Tamar presided over the "Golden age" of the medieval Georgian monarchy....  in the 13th century. The flag depicts a Jerusalem cross, adopted during the reign of George V of Georgia George V of Georgia George V, the ?Brilliant? was List of the Kings of Georgia of Georgia from 1299 to 1302 and again from 1314 until his death. A flexible and far-sighted politician, he recovered Georgia from a century-long Mongol Empire domination, and restored most of the country?s previous strength and prosperity....  who drove out the Mongols Mongols The name Mongol specifies one or several ethnic groups, now mainly located in Mongolia, China, and Russia....  from Georgia in 1334.
St. Nino's Cross Grapevine cross The Grapevine Cross also known as the Georgia cross or Saint Nino's cross, is a major symbol of the Georgian Orthodox Church, dating from the 4th century AD, when Christianity became an official religion in the kingdom of Caucasian Iberia ....	Also known as a "Grapevine cross Grapevine cross The Grapevine Cross also known as the Georgia cross or Saint Nino's cross, is a major symbol of the Georgian Orthodox Church, dating from the 4th century AD, when Christianity became an official religion in the kingdom of Caucasian Iberia .... " and traditionally ascribed to Saint Nino Saint Nino Saint Nino , Equal to the Apostles and the Enlightener of Georgia , was a woman who preached and introduced Christianity in Georgia.According to most widely traditional accounts, she was from Kolastra, Cappadocia , was a relative of Saint George, and came to Georgia from Constantinople.... , the 4th-century female baptizer of the Georgians, it is used as a symbol of the Georgian Orthodox Church.
St. Thomas Cross Nasrani Menorah Nasrani Menorah also known as the Mar Thoma Sliba is the symbol of the Knanaya people. It is similar on the Jewish Menorah, the ancient symbol of the Jewish people....	Also known as a "Mar Thoma Cross" and traditionally ascribed to Saint Thomas Saint Thomas Saint Thomas or St Thomas may refer to:*Thomas the Apostle, a Jewish-Christian apostle and saint of the 1st century*Thomas Aquinas , the most important Catholic medieval philosopher and theologian... ,the Apostole of India, it is used as a symbol of the Syro Malabar Catholic Church and venerated by all Saint Thomas Christians Saint Thomas Christians The Saint Thomas Christian denominations are a number of Syriac Christian churches, adhered to by the Syrian Malabar Nasrani of Malabar coast in Southern India....  denominations.
Saint Andrew's Cross	Used in Scotland Scotland conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px... 's national flag and the naval ensign of the Russian Navy Russian Navy The Russian Navy or VMF is the Navy of the Russian Armed Forces. The international designation of Russian naval vessels is "RFS" - "Russian Federation Ship".... , it is also called the Saltire Saltire A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross, or crux decussata , is a Heraldry symbol in the form of a diagonal cross or letter X. Saint Andrew is said to have been martyred on such a cross.... , the Boundary Cross (because it was used by the Romans as a barrier) and the crux decussata. Saint Andrew Saint Andrew Saint Andrew , called in the Eastern Orthodox Church tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is a Christian Twelve Apostles and the younger brother of Saint Peter....  is believed to have suffered a martyr's death on such a cross, hence its name. The cross does not have to be at this particular angle to qualify as a saltire; the symbol X X X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English language is spelled ex , plural exes .History...  can also be considered a St. Andrew's Cross.
St George's Cross St George's Cross The St George's Cross is a centred red cross on a white background. Originally the flag of the Republic of Genoa, it is the national flag of England and Georgia , the provincial flag of Huesca, Zaragoza and Teruel as well as the municipal flag for numerous cities, including Montreal, Barcelona, Almer?a, Milan, Genoa, Padua and Freiburg im B...	Used in England England native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms... 's national flag.
Saint Peter's Cross Cross of St. Peter The Cross of St. Peter is an inverted Latin cross traditionally used as a Christian symbol, but in recent times also as an anti-Christian symbol.... /Inverted Cross	An upside-down Latin cross, based on a tradition that holds that Saint Peter Saint Peter Saint Peter was a leader of the early Christianity church, who features prominently in the New Testament Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles....  was martyred by being crucified upside-down. Today it is often associated with anti-Christian or Satanic Satanism Satanism is a term that refers to a number of related belief systems. Their commonality is that they all feature the symbolism of Satan or similar figures....  groups.
Skull and crossbones Skull and crossbones A skull and crossbones is a symbol consisting of a human skull and two bones crossed together under the skull. Today, it is generally used as a warning of danger ....	Not a cross as such, but a saltire made of bones, with an overlaid skull. While traditionally associated with pirates, it was actually relatively rarely used by them, each ship having its own design, often involving an hourglass Hourglass An hourglass, also known as a sandglass, sand timer, sand clock or egg timer, is a device for the measurement of time. It consists of two glass bulbs placed one above the other which are connected by a narrow tube.... .
Tau Cross Cross of Tau The Cross of Tau; also called the Tau Cross, St. Anthony's Cross, the Old Testament Cross, the Anticipatory Cross, the Cross Commissee, the Egyptian Cross, the Advent Cross, Croce taumata, "Saint Francis's Cross" or the Crux Commissa....	Also known as Saint Anthony Anthony the Great Anthony the Great , also known as Saint Anthony, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Abba Antonius , and Father of All Monks, was an Christianity saint from Egypt, a prominent leader among the Desert Fathers.... 's Cross, the Egyptian Cross and the crux commissa. It is shaped like the letter T T T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English language is spelled tee . It is the most commonly used consonant and the second most common letter in the English language.... . Francis of Assisi Francis of Assisi Francis of Assisi was a friar and the founder of the Order of Friars Minor, more commonly known as the Franciscans.He is known as the patron saint of animals, the Natural environment and Italy, and it is customary for Catholic Church es to hold ceremonies honoring animals around his feast day of 4 October....  used it as his signature.
Thieves' Cross	Also known as the Furka Cross. The fork Fork As a piece of cutlery or kitchenware, a fork is a tool consisting of a handle with several narrow Tine on one end. The fork, as an eating utensil, has been a feature primarily of the West, whereas in East Asia chopsticks have been more prevalent.... , shaped like the letter Y Y The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English language is spelled wye or occasionally wy' , plural wyes.... .
Mariner's Cross	The Mariner's Cross is a stylized cross in the shape of an anchor Anchor An anchor is an object, often made out of metal, that is used to attach a ship to the bottom of a body of water at a specific point. There are two primary classes of anchors?temporary and permanent.... . The Mariner's Cross is also referred to as St. Clement's Cross Pope Clement I Pope Saint Clement I, , also known as Saint Clement of Rome , is listed from an early date as one of the first Bishops of Rome. He was the first Apostolic Father of the early Christian church....  in reference to the way he was martyred.
Order of Christ Cross Order of Christ Cross The Order of Christ Cross is the emblem of the historical Order of Christ , of Portugal. It has since become a generic Portuguese emblem, used in the sails of the Portuguese Carrack during the History of Portugal , by the Portuguese Air Force and on the flag of the Madeira Islands....	Cross originally used by the Portuguese Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....  Order of Christ Order of Christ Four chivalric orders, are known as the Order of Christ:* Order of Christ ? former Knights Templar Military order awarded initially by the List of Portuguese monarchs, now by the Portuguese state... . Since then it has become a symbol of Portugal Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east.... , used on the sails of the carracks during the Discoveries Era Era An era is a commonly used word for long period of time. When used in science, for example geology, eras denote clearly defined periods of time of arbitrary but well defined length, such as for example the Mesozoic era from 252 Ma?66 Ma, delimited by a start event and an end event.... , and currently by the Portuguese Air Force Portuguese Air Force The Portuguese Air Force is the air force of Portugal. Formed on July 1, 1952, with the Aeron?utica Militar and Portuguese Naval Aviation united in a single independent Air Force, it is one of the three branches of the Portuguese Armed Forces and its origins dates back to 1912, when the military aviation began to be used in Portugal,... .
Extreme-right variant of the Celtic Cross Celtic cross File:Celtic-style crossed circle.svgFile:CelticCross.svgA Celtic cross is a symbol that combines a cross with a ring surrounding the intersection....	Some white nationalist and neo-fascist groups adopted this variation of the Celtic cross Celtic cross File:Celtic-style crossed circle.svgFile:CelticCross.svgA Celtic cross is a symbol that combines a cross with a ring surrounding the intersection.... , made up of simple lines, without any of the ornamental complexity of traditional Celtic crosses. It is thought that this basic variation's minor resemblance to the swastika Swastika The swastika is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at Angle#Types of angles, in either right-facing form or its mirrored left-facing form....  is the reason it has become popular in such circles.

In heraldry

Cross name	Description	Picture
The cross as heraldic "ordinary"	A simple heraldic Heraldry Heraldry is the profession, study, or art of devising, granting, and blazoning Coat of arms and ruling on questions of rank or protocol, as exercised by an officer of arms....  cross (the default if there are no additional specifying words) has arms of roughly equal length, artistically proportioned to the particular shape of the shield, which extend to the edges of the shield. Illustrated is the blazon Blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of, most often, a coat of arms or flag, which enables a person to construct or reconstruct the appropriate image....  "Azure, a cross Or" (i.e. a gold cross on a blue shield). A cross which does not extend to the edges of the shield is humetty, in heraldic terminology.
Cross anchry Anchored Cross The Anchored Cross, or Cross#As_emblems_and_symbols, is a stylized cross in the shape of an anchor. It is a symbol which is shaped like a plus sign with anchor-like protrusions at the end of each arm, hence the name Anchored Cross....	A stylized cross in the shape of an anchor. Also known as the anchored cross or mariner's cross.
Cross barbée	Also known as the cross barby or arrow cross, this symbol consists of two double-ended arrows in a cross configuration. Best known today for its use by the fascist Arrow Cross Party Arrow Cross Party The Arrow Cross Party was a pro-German anti-Semitic national socialism party led by Ferenc Sz?lasi which ruled Hungarian State from October 15, 1944 to January 1945....  in the 1930s, the symbol actually dates to ancient times and was used by Hungarian Hungary Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....  tribes in the Middle Ages Middle Ages File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi... . In Christian Christian A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism#Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus and interpreted by Christians to have been prophesied in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament....  use, the ends of this cross resemble the barbs of fish hooks, or fish spears. This alludes to the Ichthys Ichthys Ichthys or Ichthus is the ancient and classical Greek word for "fish." In English it refers to a symbol consisting of two intersecting arcs, the ends of the right side extending beyond the meeting point so as to resemble the profile of a fish, said to have been used by early Christianitys as a secret symbol and now known colloquiall...  symbol of Christ Christ Christ is the English language term for the Greek meaning "the anointing", which is a title given to the Reigning Messiah in the given age of the Zodiac.... , and is suggestive of the "fishers of men" theme in the Gospel Gospel In Christianity, a gospel is generally one of the first four books of the New Testament that describe the birth, life, ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus.... .
Cross bottony	A cross with the ends of the arms bottony Bottony In heraldry, bottony refers to a symbol having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or buttons. Hence, a cross bottony is a cross having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of trefoil....  (or botonny), i.e. shaped like an architectural trefoil Trefoil Trefoil is a graphic form composed of the outline of three overlapping rings used in architecture and Christian symbolism. The term is also applied to other symbols of three-fold shape.... . It occurs counterchanged on the flag of Maryland Flag of Maryland The flag of Maryland consists of the heraldic banner of George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. It is the only Flags of the United States states in the United States to be based on United Kingdom heraldry.... .
Cross cercelée	A cross which, opening at the ends, turns round both ways, like a ram's horns.
Cross crosslet	A cross with the ends of each arm crossed.
Crusaders' cross	Also known as the Jerusalem cross. This cross was the symbol of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem Kingdom of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christianity kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. It lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, Israel, was destroyed by the Mamluks.... , which existed for almost two hundred years after the First Crusade. The four smaller crosses are said to symbolize either the four books of the Gospel or the four directions in which the Word of Christ spread from Jerusalem. Alternately, all five crosses can symbolize the five wounds of Christ during the Passion. This symbol is also used in the flag of Georgia Flag of Georgia (country) The official flag of Georgia is the "five-cross flag", restored to official use on January 14, 2004, after a break of some 500 years. It was previously the flag of the medieval Georgian kingdom and had been used as the official symbol of the United National Movement political party.... .
Cross fleury Cross fleury In heraldry, a Cross fleury is a cross adorned at the ends with flowers, generally with Fleur-de-lis, Trefoils, etc. Also"Cross Flory," or "Flourished Cross."...	A cross with the ends of the arms fleury (or flory), having a shape like a fleur-de-lys.
Cross fourchee	One form of the heraldic cross fourchee (fourchée, fourchy) or cross fourche (meaning "forked").
Cross fylfot Fylfot Fylfot or fylfot cross is a synonym for swastika, sometimes used in United Kingdom.However – at least in modern heraldry texts, such as Friar and Woodcock & Robinson – the fylfot differs somewhat from the archetypal form of the swastika: always upright and typically with truncated limbs, as shown in the figure at rig...	Upright cross with truncated bent arms
Jerusalem cross Jerusalem cross The Jerusalem cross, also known as Crusaders' cross, is an heraldry Christian cross or Christianity symbol consisting of a large Greek cross surrounded by four smaller Greek crosses, one in each quadrant....	A variant of the Crusaders' cross with cross potent. It is also the logo for the Knights and Dames of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem Order of the Holy Sepulchre The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem is a Catholic chivalric order of Knighthood that traces its roots to Godfrey of Bouillon, principal leader of the First Crusade....  as well as the Franciscan order's Custody of the Holy Land. The Kairos retreat Kairos retreat Kairos, adapted to mean "God's time", is a Christian, Ignatius of Loyola retreat program for high school and college students that began in Jesuit schools in Ohio, but, now, takes place around the world....  bestows this cross on its participants.
Maltese cross	With arms which narrow towards the center, and are indented at the ends. The "eight-pointed cross" (with no curved lines).
Cross moline Cross moline The cross moline is a difference, or mark of cadency in heraldry, particularly English heraldry. It is so called because its shape resembles a millrind ....	In a cross moline, the ends of the arms are split and curved back.
Cross patonce	A cross patonce is more or less intermediate between a cross pattée and a cross flory (or fleury).
Cross pattée Cross pattée A cross patt?e is a type of cross that has arms which are narrow at the center, and broader at the perimeter. The name comes from the fact that the shape of each arm of the cross was thought to resemble a paw ....	A cross pattee (pattée, patty), or formée (formy) has arms narrowing towards the centre, but with non-indented ends. See also Iron Cross Iron Cross The Iron Cross was a military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia, and later of Germany, which was established by King Frederick William III of Prussia and first awarded on 10 March 1813 in Breslau .... .
Cross pommee	A cross pommee (pommée, pommy) has a circular knob at the end of each arm.
Cross potent	This cross has a crossbar at the end of each of its arms. "Potent" is an old word for a crutch, and is used in heraldic terminology to describe a T shape. It is used by many, mostly Roman Catholic, Scouting and Guiding organisations Scouting Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, so that they may play constructive roles in society....  in their logos and insignia.
Quadrate	A cross with a square at the intersection point.
Cross triple parted and fretted	In heraldry, a "cross triple parted and fretted" (or "treble parted and fretted") is interlaced. Here, a version which is "Or on an Azure field" (gold on blue) is shown.
Cross voided	A "cross voided throughout", also known as the Gammadia, can be seen as a Greek cross with its centre lines removed, or as composed of four angles (L shapes) separated by a thin space. So the name "gammadia" refers to its being made up of four shapes similar to a capital Greek letter gamma Gamma Gamma is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 3. It was derived from the Phoenician alphabet Gimel .... ; the word gammadion can also refer to a swastika Swastika The swastika is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at Angle#Types of angles, in either right-facing form or its mirrored left-facing form.... .
Cross fitchy	A cross fitchy is a variation where the lower part is fashioned as a sword blade. This can be combined with other variations, e.g. cross crosslet fitchy.
Cross of St James Cross of St James The Cross of St. James, similar to a Cross Flory Fitch or Cross Fitchy is formed by a Cross#In_heraldry, where the lower part is fashioned as a sword blade - making this a cross of a warrior....	The Cross of St. James, similar to a Cross Flory Fitch, is formed by a Cross Flory Cross A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other, dividing one or two of the lines in half. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally; if they run diagonally, the design is technically termed a saltire.... , where the lower part is fashioned as a sword blade (fitched)—making this a cross of a warrior. It is most frequently depicted in red. (The version depicted here is the one used by the order of Santiago Order of Santiago This article deals with the Spanish Order of knighthood. For the Portuguese Order, see Order of St. James of the Sword.File:Ucles Cuenca Espa?a Monasterio y Castillo.... .)

In flags

Other noteworthy crosses

See also

• Cross in Christian Art
  Cross in Christian Art
  
  The cross, with reference to Christ's passion event, is not found in Christian art in the first centuries."Death by crucifixion was infinitely more painful and degrading than is hanging or electrocution....
  
• Christian cross
  Christian cross
  
  The Christian cross is the best-known religious symbol of Christianity. It is a representation of the instrument of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ....
  
• Christianity
  Christianity
  
  Christianity is a Monotheistic religion #Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus as New Testament view on Jesus' life....
  
• Cross and Crown
  Cross and Crown
  
  The Cross and Crown is a traditional Christian symbol , appearing in many churches , that has also been used in heraldry . It is often interpreted as symbolizing the reward in heaven coming after the trials in this life ....
  
• Crossbuck
  Crossbuck
  
  A crossbuck is a sign composed of two slats of wood or metal of equal length, fastened together on a pole in a saltire formation . Crossbucks are usually used as traffic signs to indicate level crossing, sometimes supplemented by electrical warnings of flashing lights, a bell, and/or a gate that descends to block the road and prevent traffic...
  
• Cross burning
  Cross burning
  
  Cross burning or cross lighting is a practice widely associated with the Ku Klux Klan as a reminder of faith. In the early twentieth century, the Klan burnt crosses on hillsides or near the homes of those they wished to Intimidation....
  
• Crucifixion
  Crucifixion
  
  Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution , whereby the condemned person is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead....
  

External links

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