Nuremberg

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Nuremberg

Nuremberg is a city

City

A city is an urban area with a high population density and a particular administrative, legal, or historical status.Large industrialized cities generally have advanced systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, house, and transportation and more....
in the German

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
state of Bavaria

Bavaria

Bavaria , with an area of and almost 12.5 million inhabitants, is a region located in the southeast of Germany and is the largest States of Germany of Germany by area....
, in the administrative region

Regierungsbezirk

A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states . It is responsible for the districts , either List of German rural districts or urban districts: cities which constitute a district in their own right ....
of Middle Franconia

Middle Franconia

Middle Franconia is one of the three Regierungsbezirks of Franconia in Bavaria, Germany.Landkreise # Ansbach # Erlangen-H?chstadt...
. It is situated on the Pegnitz

Pegnitz River

Franconia

Franconia is a region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and a much smaller region in northeastern Baden-W?rttemberg called Heilbronn-Franken....
's largest city. It is located about 170 kilometres north of Munich

Munich

Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....
, at 49.27° N 11.5° E. The population (as of January 2006) is 500,132.

1050 to 1571, the city expanded and rose dramatically in importance due to its location on key trade routes.

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Encyclopedia

Nuremberg is a city

City

Germany

Bavaria

Regierungsbezirk

Middle Franconia

Middle Franconia is one of the three Regierungsbezirks of Franconia in Bavaria, Germany.Landkreise # Ansbach # Erlangen-H?chstadt...
. It is situated on the Pegnitz

Pegnitz River

Franconia

Munich

History

Middle Ages

From 1050 to 1571, the city expanded and rose dramatically in importance due to its location on key trade routes. It is often referred to as having been the 'unofficial capital' of the Holy Roman Emperor

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
, particularly because Reichstage
Reichstag (institution)

The Reichstag was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. The main chamber of the German parliament is now called Bundestag , but the building in which it meets is still called "Reichstag" ....
(Imperial Diets) and courts met at Nuremberg Castle

Nuremberg Castle

Nuremberg Castle is located on a sandstone rock in the north of the historical city of Nuremberg, Germany. It comprises three parts: the Emperor's buildings , the mostly built buildings of the rulers of Nuremberg , and the buildings on the eastern side ....
. The Diets of Nuremberg

Diet of Nuremberg

The Diet of Nuremberg is often called the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg.There were several of them because, according to the Golden Bull of 1356, each Holy Roman Emperor had to hold his first diet in Nuremberg after his election....
were an important part of the administrative structure of the empire. In 1219 Nuremberg became an Imperial Free City

Free Imperial City

In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city was a city formally ruled by the emperor only — as opposed to the majority of cities in the Empire, which belonged to a List of states in the Holy Roman Empire and so were governed by one of the many princes of the Empire, such as dukes or prince-bishops....
under Emperor Frederick II

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick II , of the House of Hohenstaufen dynasty, was an Kingdom of Italy pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215....
. Nuremberg soon became, with Augsburg

Augsburg

Augsburg is an Independent City city in the south-west of Bavaria. The College town is home of the Regierungsbezirk Swabia and also of the Swabia and the Augsburg ....
, one of the two great trade centers on the route from Italy

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
to Northern Europe.

In 1298, the Jew

Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
s of the town were accused of having desecrated

Host desecration

Host desecration is a form of sacrilege in Christianity, involving the mistreatment or malicious use of a consecrated Host , or communion wafer....
the host

Sacramental bread

Sacramental bread, sometimes called the Lamb , Host or simply Communion Bread, is the bread which is used in the Christian ritual of the Eucharist....
and 698 were slain in one of the many Rintfleisch Massacres

Rintfleisch-Pogrom

The Rintfleisch-Pogrom was a pogrom against Jews in the year 1298.It was set during the civil strife between King Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg and his rival Albert I of Germany, when imperial authority, traditionally concerned with the protection of the Jews, had temporarily collapsed....
. Behind the massacre in 1298 was also the desire to combine the northern and southern parts of the city, which were divided by the Pegnitz River

Pegnitz River

The Pegnitz is a small river in Franconia in the Germany federal state of Bavaria. The Pegnitz has its source in the Pegnitz of the same name at an altitude of and meets the Rednitz at northwest of F?rth....
. Jews had been settled in that flood-prone area, but as the city leaders realized, this center of town was crucial to its future development. Hence, the Jewish population had to be removed. This area is now the place of the City Market, Frauenkirche and Rathaus (City Hall).

Early modern age

The cultural flowering of Nuremberg, in the 15th and 16th centuries, made it the center of the German Renaissance.

In 1525, Nuremberg accepted the Protestant Reformation

Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a Christian reform movement in Europe. It is thought to have begun in 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses and may be considered to have ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648....
, and in 1532, the religious Peace of Nuremberg, by which the Lutheran

Lutheranism

Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century Germans Reformer Martin Luther....
s gained important concessions, was signed there. In 1632 during the Thirty Years' War

Thirty Years' War

The Thirty Years' War was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in Germany and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe....
, the city, occupied by the forces of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

Gustav II Adolf, In the era, which was characterized by nearly endless warfare, he led his armies as Monarch of Sweden—from 1611, as a seventeen year old, until his death in battle while leading a charge during 1632 in the bloody Thirty Years' war—as Sweden rose from the status as a mere regional power and run-of-the-mill king...
, was besieged

Siege of Nuremberg

The Siege of Nuremberg or Siege of N?rnberg was a battle campaign that took place in 1632 about the Imperial Free City of N?rnberg during the Thirty Years' War....
by the army of Imperial general Albrecht von Wallenstein

Albrecht von Wallenstein

,a Bohemian soldier and politician, gave his services during the Danish period of the Thirty Years' War to the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor....
. The city declined after the war and recovered its importance only in the nineteenth century, when it grew as an industrial center.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century Nuremberg was practically bankrupt. In 1806 with the Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
formally being dissolved, Nuremberg passed to Bavaria. The Bavarian state took over the city's debts and guaranteed their amortization.

The first German railway

Bavarian Ludwigsbahn

The Bavarian Ludwig Railway or Ludwigsbahn was the first steam-hauled railway opened in Germany. The K?niglich privilegirte Ludwigs-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft received a concession to build a railway from Nuremberg to F?rth in the States of Germany of Kingdom of Bavaria on 19 February 1834....
, from Nuremberg to nearby Fürth

Fürth

The city of F?rth is located in northern Bavaria, Germany in the district of Middle Franconia. It is now contiguous with the larger city of Nuremberg, the centres of the two cities being only 7 km apart....
, was opened in 1835.

Nazi era

Nuremberg held great significance during the Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
era. Because of the city's relevance to the Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
and its position in the centre of Germany, the Nazi Party chose the city to be the site of huge Nazi Party conventions–the Nuremberg rallies

Nuremberg Rally

The Nuremberg Rally was the annual rally of the National Socialist German Workers Party in the years 1923 to 1938 in Germany. Especially after Hitler's rise to power in 1933, they were large propaganda events by the state....
. The rallies were held annually from 1927 to 1938 in Nuremberg. After Hitler's rise to power in 1933 the Nuremberg rallies became huge state propaganda

Propaganda

Propaganda is the dissemination of information aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people. As opposed to Objectivity providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense presents information in order to influence its audience....
events, a center of Nazi ideals. At the 1935 rally, Hitler specifically ordered the Reichstag

Reichstag (institution)

The Reichstag was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. The main chamber of the German parliament is now called Bundestag , but the building in which it meets is still called "Reichstag" ....
to convene at Nuremberg to pass the anti-Semitic Nuremberg Laws

Nuremberg Laws

The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were laws passed in Nazi Germany. They used a pseudoscience basis to discriminate against Jewish people. The laws classified people as German if all four of their grandparents were of "German blood" , while people were classified as Jews if they descended from three or four Jewish grandparents ....
which revoked German citizenship

Citizenship

Citizenship refers to a person's membership in a political community such as a country or city. It has different legal definitions in different countries....
for all Jew

Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
s. A number of premises were constructed solely for these assemblies, some of which were not finished. Today many examples of Nazi architecture

Nazi architecture

Nazi architecture was an architecture plan and integral part of the Nazi party's plans to create a cultural and spirituality rebirth in Germany as part of the Third Reich....
can still be seen in the city. The city was also the home of the Nazi propagandist

Propaganda

Julius Streicher

Julius Streicher was a prominent Nazism prior to World War II. He was the founder and publisher of Der St?rmer newspaper, which became a central element of the Nazi propaganda machine....
, the publisher of Der Stürmer
Der Stürmer

Der St?rmer was a weekly Nazism newspaper published by Julius Streicher from 1923 to the end of World War II in 1945, with brief suspensions in circulation due to legal difficulties....
.

During World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, Nuremberg was the headquarters of Wehrkreis

Military district

Military districts are formation s of a state's armed forces which are responsible for a certain area of territory. They are often more responsible for administrative than operational matters, and in countries with conscript forces, often handle parts of the conscription cycle....
(military district) XIII, and an important site for military production, including airplanes, submarines, and tank engines. A subcamp of Flossenbürg concentration camp

Flossenbürg concentration camp

Flossenb?rg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the Schutzstaffel Economic-Administrative Main Office at Flossenb?rg, in the Oberpfalz region of Bavaria, Germany, near the pre-war border with Czechoslovakia....
was located here. Extensive use was made of slave labour

Slavery

Slavery is a form of forced labor where a person is compelled to Labor for another . Slaves are held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth, and are deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive Remuneration in return for their labor....
. The city was severely damaged in Allied strategic bombing

Strategic bombing during World War II

Strategic bombing during World War II was greater in scale than any wartime attack the world had previously witnessed. The strategic bombing campaigns conducted by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Empire of Japan used conventional weapons, Incendiary bomb, and nuclear weapons....
from 1943-1945. On January 2, 1945, the medieval

Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
city centre was systematically bombed by the Royal Air Force

Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force is the United Kingdom's air force, the oldest independent air force in the world. Formed on 1 April 1918, the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history ever since, playing a large part in World War II and in more recent conflicts....
and the U.S. Army Air Forces

United States Army Air Forces

The United States Army Air Forces was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II. The direct precursor to the United States Air Force, its peak size was over 2.4 million men and women in service and nearly 80,000 aircraft in 1944, and 783 domestic bases in December 1943....
and about ninety percent of it was destroyed in only one hour, with 1,800 residents killed and roughly 100,000 displaced. In February 1945, additional attacks followed. In total, about 6,000 Nuremberg residents are estimated to have been killed in air raids. Despite this, the city was rebuilt after the war and was to some extent, restored to its pre-war appearance including the reconstruction of some of its medieval buildings.

Nuremberg Trials

Between 1945 and 1946, German officials involved in the Holocaust

The Holocaust

The Holocaust , also known as , Churben is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler....
and other war crimes were taken in front of an international tribunal in the Nuremberg Trials

Nuremberg Trials

The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials, or tribunals, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after its defeat in World War II....
. The Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
had wanted the trials to take place in Berlin, but Nuremberg was chosen as the site for the trials for specific reasons:

It was located in the American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
occupation zone
Allied Occupation Zones in Germany

The Allies of World War II powers who defeated Nazi Germany in World War II divided the country west of the Oder-Neisse line into four occupation zones for administrative purposes during the period 1945?1949....
The Palace of Justice was spacious and largely undamaged (one of the few that had remained largely intact through extensive Allied bombing of Germany). The already large courtroom was reasonably easily expanded by the removal of the wall at the end opposite from the bench, thereby incorporating the adjoining room. A large prison
Prison

A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or internment and usually deprived of a range of personal Freedom ....
was also part of the complex.
The city had been the location of the Nazi Party's Nuremberg rallies; there was symbolic value in making it the place of the Nazi demise.
As a compromise, it was agreed that Berlin would become the permanent seat of the International Military Tribunal and that the first trial (several were planned) would take place in Nuremberg. Because of the Cold War
Cold War

The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension and competition that existed between a number of world powers, including the United States, the Soviet Union, People's Republic of China, France, United Kingdom and those countries' respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s....
, there were no subsequent trials.

The same courtroom in Nuremberg was the venue of the Nuremberg Military Tribunals

Subsequent Nuremberg Trials

The Subsequent Nuremberg Trials were a series of twelve United States military tribunals for war crimes against surviving members of the military, political, and economical leadership of Nazi Germany, held in the Palace of Justice , Nuremberg after World War II from 1946 to 1949 following the Nuremberg Trials before the International Milita...
, organised by the United States as occupying power in the area.

Economy

Nuremberg for many people is still associated with its traditional gingerbread (Lebkuchen
Lebkuchen

Lebkuchen is a traditional German-speaking Europe product baked for Christmas, somewhat resembling soft gingerbread. Similar cookies have a history that extends back to the Egyptians, but the style of the traditional Lebkuchen was probably invented by Middle Ages monks in Franconia, Germany in the 13th century....
) products, sausages, and handmade toys. The first pocket watch

Pocket watch

A pocket watch is a watch that is made to be carried in a pocket, as opposed to a wristwatch, which is strapped to the wrist. They were the most common type of watch from their development in the 16th century until wristwatches became popular after World War I....
es — Nuremberg eggs — were made here in the sixteenth century. In the nineteenth century Nuremberg became the "industrial heart" of Bavaria

Bavaria

Bavaria , with an area of and almost 12.5 million inhabitants, is a region located in the southeast of Germany and is the largest States of Germany of Germany by area....
with companies such as Siemens

Siemens

Siemens AG is a German electrical and telecommunications companysiemens may refer to*siemens , the SI unit of electrical conductance, equivalent to 1 ampere/volt...
and MAN

MAN AG

MAN Aktiengesellschaft is a German language mechanical engineering company based in Munich.MAN is one of the world's leading manufacturers of engineering equipment and commercial vehicles....
establishing a strong base in the city. Nuremberg is still an important industrial center with a strong standing in the markets of Central and Eastern Europe. Items manufactured in the area include electrical equipment, mechanical and optical products, motor vehicles, and printed materials. The city is also strong in the fields of automation, energy, and medical technology. Siemens is still the largest industrial employer in the Nuremberg region but a good third of German market research agencies is also located in the city. The Nuremberg International Toy Fair

Nuremberg International Toy Fair

The Nuremberg International Toy Fair is the largest international toy and game trade show which takes place annually in Nuremberg, Germany, Germany....
is the largest of its kind in the world. The city also hosts several specialist hi-tech fairs every year, attracting experts from every corner of the globe.

Culture

Nuremberg was an early center of humanism, science, printing, and mechanical invention.

The city contributed much to the science of astronomy

Astronomy

Astronomy is the science of Astronomical object and Phenomenon that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere . It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the physical cosmology....
. In 1471 Johannes Mueller of Königsberg

Königsberg, Bavaria

K?nigsberg in Bayern is a town in the Ha?berge district, in Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 7 km northeast of Ha?furt, and 31 km northwest of Bamberg....
(Bavaria), later called Regiomontanus

Regiomontanus

Johannes M?ller von K?nigsberg , known by his Latin pseudonym Regiomontanus, was an important Germany mathematician, astronomer and astrologer....
, built an astronomical observatory in Nuremberg and published many important astronomical charts. In 1515, Albrecht Dürer

Albrecht Dürer

'Albrecht D?rer' was a Germans Painting, printmaker and theorist from Nuremberg. His still-famous works include the Apocalypse woodcuts, commons:Image:Duerer - Ritter, Tod und Teufel .jpg , St....
, a native of Nuremberg, mapped the stars of the northern and southern hemispheres, producing the first printed star charts, which had been ordered by Johannes Stabius

Johannes Stabius

Johannes Stabius was an Austrian cartographer of Vienna who developed, around 1500, the heart-shape projection map later developed further by Johannes Werner....
. Around 1515 Dürer also published the "Stabiussche Weltkarte", the first perspective drawing of the terrestrial globe. Perhaps most famously, the main part of Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus was the first astronomer to formulate a scientifically-based heliocentrism cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of the universe....
' work was published in Nuremberg in 1543.

Printers and publishers have a long history in Nuremberg. Many of these publishers worked with well-known artists of the day to produce books that could also be considered works of art. In 1470 Anton Koberger

Anton Koberger

Anton Koberger , was the German goldsmith, printer and publisher who printed and published the Nuremberg Chronicle, a landmark of incunabula, and was a successful bookseller of works from other printers....
opened Europe's first print shop in Nuremberg. In 1493, he published the Nuremberg Chronicles, also know as the World Chronicles (Schedelsche Weltchronik), an illustrated history of the world from the creation to the present day. It was written in the local Franconian dialect by Hartmann Schedel

Hartmann Schedel

Hartmann Schedel , was a German physician, Humanism and historian, one of the first cartographers to make use of the printing press. He was born in Nuremberg....
and had illustrations by Michael Wohlgemuth

Michael Wolgemut

Michael Wolgemut , Germany Painting and printmaker, was born and died in Nuremberg....
, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff

Hans Pleydenwurff

Hans Pleydenwurff was a German painter.His father was probably Kunz Pleydenwurff, a well-respected painter and part-time mayor in Bamberg....
, and Albrecht Dürer

Albrecht Dürer

'Albrecht D?rer' was a Germans Painting, printmaker and theorist from Nuremberg. His still-famous works include the Apocalypse woodcuts, commons:Image:Duerer - Ritter, Tod und Teufel .jpg , St....
. Others furthered geographical knowledge and travel by map making. Notable among these was navigator and geographer Martin Behaim

Martin Behaim

Martin Behaim , was a German navigator and geographer to the King of Portugal.Behaim was born in Nuremberg, according to one tradition, about 1436; according to Ghillany, as late as 1459 and was supposedly of Bohemian origin....
, who made the first world globe.

Sculptors such as Veit Stoss

Veit Stoss

Veit Stoss was a German sculptor of the late Gothic art school.According to Catholic Encyclopedia, Veit Stoss was one of the first artists from Northern Europe who could be compared with Italian Renaissance artists....
and Peter Vischer

Peter Vischer the Elder

Peter Vischer the Elder , was a German sculptor, the son of Hermann Vischer, and the most famous member of the noted Vischer Family of Nuremberg....
are also associated with Nuremberg.

Composed of prosperous artisans, the guilds of the Meistersingers

Meistersinger

A Meistersinger was a Germany lyric poet of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, who carried on and developed the traditions of the medieval Minnesingers....
flourished here. Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, Conducting, theatre director and essayist, primarily known for his operas . Unlike most other great opera composers, Wagner wrote both the scenario and libretto for his works....
made their most famous member, Hans Sachs

Hans Sachs

Hans Sachs was a Germany meistersinger , poetry, playwright and shoemaker....
, the hero of his opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg

Die Meistersinger von N?rnberg is an opera in three acts, written and composed by Richard Wagner. It is one of the most popular operas in the repertory, and is among the longest still commonly performed today, usually taking around four and a half hours....
. Baroque composer Johann Pachelbel

Johann Pachelbel

Johann Pachelbel was a German Baroque music composer, organist and teacher, who brought the German organ schools to its peak. He composed a large body of sacred and secular music, and his contributions to the development of the chorale prelude and fugue have earned him a place among the most important composers of the middle Baroque era....
was born here and was organist of St. Sebaldus Church

St. Sebaldus Church

St. Sebaldus Church is a Medieval era church in Nuremberg, Germany. Along with Frauenkirche and St. Lorenz, it is one of the most important churches of the city, and also one of the oldest....
.

Nuremberg is also famous for its Christmas market, which draws well over a million shoppers each year. The market is famous for its handmade ornaments and delicacies.

Main sights

The southern part of the old town, known as Lorenzer Seite, is separated from the north by the river Pegnitz and encircled to the south by the city walls.

Nuremberg Castle
Nuremberg Castle

Nuremberg Castle is located on a sandstone rock in the north of the historical city of Nuremberg, Germany. It comprises three parts: the Emperor's buildings , the mostly built buildings of the rulers of Nuremberg , and the buildings on the eastern side ....
: the three castles that tower over the city including central burgraves' castle, with Free Reich's buildings to the east, the Imperial castle to the west.
Heilig-Geist-Spital. In the centre of the city, on the bank of the river Pegnitz, stands the Hospital of the Holy Spirit. Founded in 1332, this is one of the largest hospitals of the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
. Lepers were kept here at some distance from the other patients. It now houses elderly persons and a restaurant.
Hauptmarkt, which provides a picturesque setting and famous market for gingerbread. Nuremberg's star attraction is the Gothic Schöner Brunnen (Beautiful Fountain) which was erected around 1385 but subsequently replaced with a replica (the original fountain is kept in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum
Germanisches Nationalmuseum

The Germanisches Nationalmuseum, founded in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1852, houses a significant collection of items relating to German culture and art extending from prehistoric times through to the present day....
). The unchanged Renaissance
Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
bridge Fleischbrücke
Fleischbrücke

The Fleischbr?cke or Pegnitzbr?cke is a late Renaissance bridge in N?rnberg, Germany. The bridge crosses the river Pegnitz in the center of the old town, linking the districts St....
crosses the Pegnitz nearby.
The following churches are located inside the city walls: St. Sebaldus Church
St. Sebaldus Church

St. Sebaldus Church is a Medieval era church in Nuremberg, Germany. Along with Frauenkirche and St. Lorenz, it is one of the most important churches of the city, and also one of the oldest....
, St. Lorenz
St. Lorenz (Nürnberg)

St. Lorenz is one of the most important medieval churches of the former free imperial city of Nuremberg. It is dedicated to Lawrence of Rome. It was badly damaged during the Second World War and later rebuilt....
, Frauenkirche (Our Lady's Church), Saint Klara, Saint Martha
Martha, mother of Symeon Stylites the Younger

Saint Martha was the mother of Simeon Stylites the Younger. She is veneration in the Eastern Orthodox Church on July 4 .When her parents betrothed her to a young man, she seriously considered leaving home and withdrawing from the world....
, Saint Jakob, Saint Egidien, and Saint Elisabeth
Elizabeth (Biblical person)

Saint Elizabeth, also spelled Elisabeth or Elisheva was the mother of St. John the Baptist and the wife of St. Zachary/Zechariah , according to the New Testament and the Quran....
.
Gothic
International Gothic

International Gothic is a phase of Gothic art which developed in Burgundy , Bohemia, France and northern Italy in the late 14th century and early 15th century....
St Lorenz-Kirche (St. Lorenz church, St. Lorenz), one of the most important buildings in Nuremberg. The main body was built around 1270-1350.
The church of the former Katharinenkloster is preserved as a ruin, the Cartause is integrated into the building of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum
Germanisches Nationalmuseum

The Germanisches Nationalmuseum, founded in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1852, houses a significant collection of items relating to German culture and art extending from prehistoric times through to the present day....
and the choir of the former Franzikanerkirche is part of a modern building.
The Walburga Chapel and the Romanesque Doppelkapelle (Chapel with two floors) are part of Nuremberg Castle.
The Johannisfriedhof is a medieval cemetery, containing many old graves (Albrecht Dürer
Albrecht Dürer

'Albrecht D?rer' was a Germans Painting, printmaker and theorist from Nuremberg. His still-famous works include the Apocalypse woodcuts, commons:Image:Duerer - Ritter, Tod und Teufel .jpg , St....
, Willibald Pirckheimer
Willibald Pirckheimer

Willibald Pirckheimer was a German Renaissance lawyer, author and Renaissance humanist, a wealthy and prominent figure in Nuremberg in the 16th century, and a member of the governing City Council for two periods....
, and others). The Rochusfriedhof or the Wöhrder Kirchhof are near the Old Town.
The Tiergarten Nürnberg
Tiergarten Nürnberg

The Tiergarten N?rnberg is a zoo located in the N?rnberger Reichswald, southeast of Nuremberg, Germany. With an area of , approximately 300 animal species are kept by the zoo....
is a zoo stretching over more than 60 ha in the Nürnberger Reichswald
Reichswald

A Reichswald or Imperial forest, designates any of several historic woodlands under imperial protection in the lands of the former Holy Roman Empire....
. It is the home of Flocke
Flocke

Flocke is a polar bear cub who was born in captivity at the Tiergarten N?rnberg on 11 December 2007. A few weeks after her birth, she was removed from her mother's care after concerns were raised for her safety....
, an orphan polar bear cub who in 2008 became a major attraction and a figure of a large publicity campaign for Nuremberg's metropolitan region.
There is also a medieval market just inside the city walls, selling handcrafted goods.
The (an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage
European Route of Industrial Heritage

The European Route of Industrial Heritage is a network of the most important Industrial Heritage sites in Europe. The aim of the project is to create interest for the common European Heritage of the Industrialization and its remains....
) is located in Nuremberg.
The Nuremberg Ring (now welded within an iron fence) is said to bring good luck to those that touch it.

Transport

The city's location next to numerous highways, railways, and a waterway has contributed to its rising importance for trade with Eastern Europe.

Motorways

Nuremberg is conveniently located at the junction of several important Autobahn routes. The A3

Bundesautobahn 3

File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F088783-0003, Bei Bad Honnef, Ferienverkehr auf der A 3.jpg is an autobahn in Germany that links the border to the Netherlands near Wesel in the northwest to the Austrian border near Passau in the southeast....
(Netherlands
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
-Frankfurt-Würzburg

Würzburg

W?rzburg is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany. Located on the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken....
-Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
) passes in a south-easterly direction along the north-east of the city. The A9

Bundesautobahn 9

is an autobahn in Germany, connecting Berlin and Munich.It served as one of three transit autobahns toward West Berlin during the Cold War.Between 1945 and 1966 the A 9 was interrupted at the border between Bavaria and Thuringia since the bridge over the river Saale was destroyed near the end of World War II....
(Berlin

Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
-Munich

Munich

Bundesautobahn 6

, also known as Via Carolina is a 477 km long German autobahn. It starts at the France border near Saarbr?cken in the west and end at the Czech Republic border near Waidhaus in the east....
(France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
-Saarbrücken

Saarbrücken

Saarbr?cken is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. The city sits at the heart of a metropolitan area that bounds westwards to Dillingen, Saarland and northeastwards to Neunkirchen, Saarland, in which most of the people of the Saarland live....
-Prague
Prague

Prague is the Capital and World's largest cities of the Czech Republic. Its official name is Hlavn? mesto Praha, meaning Prague, the Capital City....
) passes in an east-west direction to the south of the city. Finally, the A73

Bundesautobahn 73

is an autobahn in Germany. It connects Suhl to Nuremberg.The part between Bamberg and Nuremberg is also known as the Frankenschnellweg. ...
begins in the south-east of Nuremberg and travels north-west through the city before continuing towards Fürth

Fürth

Bamberg

Bamberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in Upper Franconia on the river Regnitz, close to its confluence with the river Main. Bamberg is one of the few cities in Germany that was not destroyed by World War II bombings because of a nearby Artillery Factory that prevented planes from getting near to Bamberg....
.

Railways

Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof

Intercity

Intercity or Inter-city means "between cities". It can refer to inter-city transportation by Rail transport, bus, truck or airline. There are many transport companies with Intercity or Inter-city as their brand....
and ICE trains on the German long-distance railway network. The Nuremberg–Ingolstadt

Ingolstadt

Ingolstadt is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, Germany. It is located along the banks of the Danube River, in the center of Bavaria. As of December 31, 2005, Ingolstadt had 121,801 residents, making it the second-largest city in Upper Bavaria, after Munich....
–Munich

Munich

Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....
High-Speed line with 300 km/h operation opened May 28 2006, and was fully integrated into the rail schedule on December 10 2006. Travel times to Munich have been reduced to as little as one hour.

Airport

Nuremberg Airport

Nuremberg Airport is the international airport of the Franconian metropolitan area of Nuremberg and the second-busiest airport in Bavaria. The airport is ranked 10th among List of airports in Germany and 67th in Europe....
has flights to major German cities and many European destinations, as well as connecting flights worldwide, for example via Frankfurt

Frankfurt Airport

Frankfurt Airport may refer to:Airports of Frankfurt, Germany:* Frankfurt Airport , the largest airport in Germany* Frankfurt-Hahn Airport , a converted U.S....
or Vienna

Vienna International Airport

Vienna International Airport , located 18 kilometers southeast of Vienna, is the busiest and biggest airport in Austria. It is often referred to as Schwechat, the name of the nearby town....
. Air Berlin

Air Berlin

Air Berlin PLC & Co. Luftverkehrs Kommanditgesellschaft is Germany's second largest airline, after Lufthansa. It is based in Berlin, Germany, and operates extensive semi-Low-cost carrier services to holiday destinations on the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands and North Africa, as well as to major cities in Europe from 21 Germany a...
uses Nuremberg Airport

Nuremberg Airport

Nuremberg Airport is the international airport of the Franconian metropolitan area of Nuremberg and the second-busiest airport in Bavaria. The airport is ranked 10th among List of airports in Germany and 67th in Europe....
as the airline's hub, especially in the winter season.

City and regional transport

The first segment of the Nuremberg U-Bahn

Nuremberg U-Bahn

The Nuremberg U-Bahn is a rapid transit run by VAG N?rnberg , which itself is a member of the VGN . The Nuremberg U-Bahn is Germany's newest metro....
metro system was opened in 1972. The system, along with tram

Tram

A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railroad car, of lighter weight and construction than a train, designed for the transport of passengers within, close to, or between villages, towns and/or cities, on tracks running primarily on streets....
s and bus

Bus

A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. A bus can generally seat a maximum of anywhere from 8 to 200 passengers; many more passengers than a minivan....
es, are operated by the (Verkehrsaktiengesellschaft Nürnberg or Nuremberg Transport Corporation), itself a member of the (Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg or Greater Nuremberg Transport Network). There is also a Nuremberg S-Bahn suburban metro railway and a regional train network, both centred on Nuremberg Central Station

Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof

is the Hauptbahnhof or 'main station' for the city of Nuremberg in Germany. It is the largest station in north Bavaria and belongs to the 20 stations in the highest German railway station categories allocated by DB Station&Service....
. Since 2008, Nuremberg has the first U-Bahn in Germany (U3) that works without driver. It also is the first subway system worldwide in which both driver-operated trains and computer-controlled trains share tracks.

Canals

Nuremberg is an important port on the Main-Danube Canal.

Sport

Football

1. FC Nuremberg, known locally as Der Club, was founded in 1900 and is steeped in tradition. The team plays in the Second Bundesliga

Fußball-Bundesliga

The Bundesliga is the highest level of Germany's German football league system. The term Bundesliga also applies to Austrian Football Bundesliga and is used to refer to the highest level league competitions in several other sports in those two countries....
. The official colours of the association are red and white, but the traditional colours are red and black. The current president is Michael A. Roth.

They play in the EasyCredit Stadium

Frankenstadion

The Frankenstadion was inaugurated in 1928 in Nuremberg. Since 1966 it has been home stadium to the Bundesliga club 1. FC Nuremberg. It is located next to the Nazi party rally grounds....
, which was rebuilt for the World Championship in 2006 and accommodates 46,000.

German Champion: 1920, 1921, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1936, 1948, 1961, 1968
German Cup: 1935, 1939, 1962, 2007

Sister cities

Worldwide, Nuremberg is twinned

Town twinning

Town twinning, also known as sister cities, is a concept whereby towns or city in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired, with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links between their inhabitants....
with the following cities: Nice

Nice

Nice is a city in Southern France France located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, between Marseille, France, and Genoa, Italy, with 1,197,751 inhabitants in the 2007 estimate....
, France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, since 1954 Kraków

Kraków

Krak?w , in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow , is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with a population of 756,336 in 2007 ....
, Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
, since 1979 Skopje

Skopje

Skopje is the Capital of and List of cities in the Republic of Macedonia by population in the Republic of Macedonia, with more than a quarter of the population of the country, as well as its political, cultural, economic, and academic centre....
, Macedonia

Republic of Macedonia

The Republic of Macedonia , , often referred to simply as Macedonia, is a landlocked country on the Balkans in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Serbia to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south and Albania to the west....
, since 1982

Glasgow
Glasgow

Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and List of largest United Kingdom settlements by population in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's Scottish Lowlands....
, Scotland
Scotland

conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
, United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
since 1985

San Carlos

San Carlos, Río San Juan

San Carlos is the capital city of the municipality of San Carlos and of the R?o San Juan Departments of Nicaragua of Nicaragua. The city proper has a population of roughly 12,174, while the city and surrounding communities contain 37,461 as of 2005....
, Nicaragua

Nicaragua

Nicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democracy republic. It is the largest state in Central America with an area of 130,000 km2, about the size of the state of New York....
, since 1985 Gera

Gera

Gera is the third largest city in the German state of Thuringia after Erfurt, the Thuringian capital, and Jena. It is situated in east Thuringia on the river Wei?e Elster , approximately 60 kilometres to the south of the city of Leipzig and 80 kilometers to the east of Erfurt....
, Germany

Germany

Prague

Prague is the Capital and World's largest cities of the Czech Republic. Its official name is Hlavn? mesto Praha, meaning Prague, the Capital City....
, Czech Republic

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
, since 1990 Kharkiv

Kharkiv

Kharkiv , or Kharkov is the second largest city in Ukraine.It was the first capital of Soviet Ukraine, now the Capital of the Kharkiv Oblast , as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Kharkiv Oblast within the oblast....
, Ukraine

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
, since 1990 Hadera

Hadera

Hadera is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel approximately from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa . The city is located along of the Israeli coastal plain....
, Israel

Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
, since 1995 Shenzhen

Shenzhen

Shenzhen is a city of sub-provincial city administrative status in southern China's Guangdong province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong....
, China

People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
since 1997 (For this reason, Shenzhen set its European Contact Agency in Nuremberg) Antalya

Antalya

Antalya is a city on the Mediterranean Sea coast of southwestern Turkey. It is the capital city of Antalya Province Provinces of Turkey. The population of the city was 775,157 in the 2007 census....
, Turkey

Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
, since 1997 Kavala

Kavala

Kavala , is the second largest city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala prefecture. It is situated on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of Thasos....
, Greece

Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkans. It has borders with Albania, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east....
, since 1998 Atlanta, United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, since 1998 Venice

Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
, Italy

Italy

Partner cities

Klause / Chiusa, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
1970
Kalkudah
Kalkudah

Kalkudah or Kalkuda is a coastal resort town located about 35 kilometers northwest of Batticaloa, Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. It used to be a popular tourist destination, however due to 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and Sri Lankan Civil War tourist numbers have declined....
, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is an island country in South Asia, located about off the southern coast of India....
2005
Verona
Verona

Verona is a city in Veneto, northern Italy, one of the seven provincial capitals in the region. It is one of the main tourist destinations in north-eastern Italy, thanks to its artistic heritage, several annual fairs, shows and operas, such as the lyrical season in the Arena, the ancient amphitheatre built by the Romans....
, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
2006
Changping
Changping Town

Changping is a Town within the prefecture-level city of Dongguan, in Guangdong Province, southern China. The town has a total area of 108 km? and a population 500,000....
, China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
2006
Kronstadt
Kronstadt

Kronstadt , also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt is a Russian seaport town, located on Kotlin Island, thirty kilometers west of Saint Petersburg near the head of the Gulf of Finland....
/Brasov
Brasov

Brasov is a city in Romania and the capital of Brasov County, with a population of 284,596, according to the 2002 census, is the 7th largest Romanian city, after Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, Iasi, Craiova and Galati....
, Romania
Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
2006
Bologna
Bologna

Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Po Valley , between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, exactly between the Reno River and the S?vena River....
, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
2006
Bar
Bar, Montenegro

Bar is a coastal town in Montenegro. It has a population of 13,719 . Bar is the centre of Bar municipality and a major seaport of Montenegro....
, Montenegro
Montenegro

Montenegro , Montenegrin language/Serbian language: ???? ????, Crna Gora , ) is a country located in Balkans. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the north, Kosovo to the east and Albania to the south....
2006
Cordoba
Córdoba, Spain

viktor chucchuc he sucsuck my dick||-||-|File:Cordoba Water Wheel.jpg|}Cordova is a city in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the C?rdoba ....
, Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
2008

Nuremberg districts

Several old villages now belong to the city of Nuremberg, for example Großgründlach, Kraftshof, Thon, and Neunhof in the north-west; Ziegelstein in the north-east, Altenfurt and Fischbach in the south-east; and Katzwang

Katzwang

Katzwang, formerly a separate municipality, has been a part of Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany, since 1 July 1972. It is located on a ford across the Rednitz river, in the south of the city ....
, Kornburg in the south. Langwasser

Langwasser

Langwasser is a district of Nuremberg in the southeastern area of the city. It was developed as a prototype of the satellite town concept in the 1960s and is primarily a suburban residential area....
is a modern suburb

Suburb

Suburbs are commonly defined as the residential areas which surround the central area of the urban area of a town or city. In the United States, suburbs have a prevalence of usually detached single-family homes.....
.

Famous citizens

Chaya Arbel
Chaya Arbel

Chaya Arbel is a female Israeli composer....
(Israeli composer)
Hans Behaim the Elder
Ernst von Bibra
Ernst von Bibra

?Dr. Ernst Freiherr von Bibra was a German Naturalist and author. ?Ernst was a botanist, zoologist, metallurgist, chemist, geographer, travel writer, novelist, duellist, art collector and ?trailblazer in ethnopsychopharmacology....
Peter Bucher
Peter Bucher

Peter Bucher is a former West Germany Team handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.In 1972 he was part of the West German team which finished sixth in the Handball at the 1972 Summer Olympics....
Sandra Bullock
Sandra Bullock

Sandra Annette Bullock, IPA: is a Screen Actors Guild Award-winning and two-time Golden Globe Award-nominated American-German actor. She came to fame in the 1990s, after roles in successful films such as Speed and While You Were Sleeping....
Albrecht Dürer
Albrecht Dürer

'Albrecht D?rer' was a Germans Painting, printmaker and theorist from Nuremberg. His still-famous works include the Apocalypse woodcuts, commons:Image:Duerer - Ritter, Tod und Teufel .jpg , St....
Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach
Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach

Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach was a Germany philosopher and anthropologist. He was the fourth son of the eminent jurist Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach....
Hermann Kesten
Hermann Kesten Medal

The Hermann Kesten Medal , named after Hermann Kesten , is a prize awarded annually for outstanding efforts in support of persecuted writers according to the principles of the Charter of International P.E.N....
(writer)
Kaspar Hauser
Kaspar Hauser

Kaspar Hauser was a mysterious Child abandonment in 19th century Germany famous for his claim to have grown up in the total isolation of a darkened cell....
Peter Henlein
Peter Henlein

Peter Henlein , a locksmith and watchmaker from Nuremberg, is often considered the inventor of the portable timekeeper, making him the inventor of the watch, but this claim is disputed....
Anton Koberger
Anton Koberger

Anton Koberger , was the German goldsmith, printer and publisher who printed and published the Nuremberg Chronicle, a landmark of incunabula, and was a successful bookseller of works from other printers....
Adam Kraft
Adam Kraft

Adam Kraft or Krafft was a Germany sculpture and master Architecture of the late Gothic art period. Published dates of his life span also are given as, 1441-1507....
(sculptor and architect)
Kunz Lochner
Kunz Lochner

Kunz Lochner was a master armourer from Nuremberg, Germany....
Max Morlock
Max Morlock

Maximilian Morlock was one of the most popular Germany football players in the 1950s and early 1960s. In his time with the Germany national football team, he earned 26 cap and scored 21 goals....
Johann Pachelbel
Johann Pachelbel

Johann Pachelbel was a German Baroque music composer, organist and teacher, who brought the German organ schools to its peak. He composed a large body of sacred and secular music, and his contributions to the development of the chorale prelude and fugue have earned him a place among the most important composers of the middle Baroque era....
Conrad Paumann
Conrad Paumann

Conrad Paumann was a Germany organ , lutenist and composer of the early Renaissance music. Even though he was born blind, he was one of the most talented musicians of the 15th century, and his performances created a sensation wherever he went....
Hans Sachs
Hans Sachs

Hans Sachs was a Germany meistersinger , poetry, playwright and shoemaker....
Hartmann Schedel
Hartmann Schedel

Hartmann Schedel , was a German physician, Humanism and historian, one of the first cartographers to make use of the printing press. He was born in Nuremberg....
Alexander Schreiner
Alexander Schreiner

Alexander Schreiner was one of the most noted organists of the Salt Lake Tabernacle organ. He also wrote the music to several The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints hymns, several of which are in the Hymns of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints....
organist, Mormon Tabernacle
Veit Stoss
Veit Stoss

Veit Stoss was a German sculptor of the late Gothic art school.According to Catholic Encyclopedia, Veit Stoss was one of the first artists from Northern Europe who could be compared with Italian Renaissance artists....
Peter Vischer the Elder
Peter Vischer the Elder

Peter Vischer the Elder , was a German sculptor, the son of Hermann Vischer, and the most famous member of the noted Vischer Family of Nuremberg....
Johann Christoph Volckamer
Johann Christoph Volkamer

Johann Christoph Volkamer was a Germans merchant, manufacturer and botanist....
who authored here his Hesperides.
Johann Philipp von Wurzelbauer
Johann Philipp von Wurzelbauer

Johann Philipp von Wurzelbauer was a Germany astronomy....

External links

* in The European Library
European Library

The European Library is an Internet service that offers access to the resources of 47 European national libraries. The resources, both digital and non-digital, include books, magazines, journals, audio recordings and other material....

Nuremberg

History

Middle Ages

Early modern age

Nazi era

Nuremberg Trials

Economy

Culture

Main sights

Transport

Motorways

Railways

Airport

City and regional transport

Canals

Sport

Football

Sister cities

Partner cities

Nuremberg districts

Famous citizens

See also

External links