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Kharkiv (from ), or Kharkov (from ) is the second largest city in Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
. It was the first capital of Soviet Ukraine, now the administrative center of the Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast

Kharkiv Oblast is an administrative divisions of Ukraine in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west....
 (province
Oblast

Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic peoples countries and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"....
), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Kharkivskyi Raion
Kharkiv Oblast

Kharkiv Oblast is an administrative divisions of Ukraine in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west....
 (district
Raion

A raion is a type of administrative unit of some post-Soviet states. The term, which is of French origin, describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is almost always translated as "district"....
) within the oblast. The city is located in the northeast of the country. As of 2006, its population is 1,461,300.

Kharkiv is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport and industrial centre of Ukraine.






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Kharkiv (from ), or Kharkov (from ) is the second largest city in Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
. It was the first capital of Soviet Ukraine, now the administrative center of the Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast

Kharkiv Oblast is an administrative divisions of Ukraine in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west....
 (province
Oblast

Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic peoples countries and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"....
), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Kharkivskyi Raion
Kharkiv Oblast

Kharkiv Oblast is an administrative divisions of Ukraine in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west....
 (district
Raion

A raion is a type of administrative unit of some post-Soviet states. The term, which is of French origin, describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is almost always translated as "district"....
) within the oblast. The city is located in the northeast of the country. As of 2006, its population is 1,461,300.

Kharkiv is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport and industrial centre of Ukraine. Its industry specializes mostly in machinery. There are hundreds of industrial companies in the city. Among them are world famous giants like the Morozov Design Bureau and the Malyshev Tank Factory, leaders in tank
Tank

A tank is a Continuous track, armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat which combines operational mobility and Military tactics Offensive and defence capabilities....
 production since the 1930s; Hartron (aerospace
Aerospace

Aerospace comprises the atmosphere of Earth and surrounding outer space. Typically the term is used to refer to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through Aircraft and Space exploration....
 and nuclear electronics
Electronics

Electronics refers to the flow of charge through nonmetal electrical conductor , whereas electrical refers to the flow of charge through metal electrical conductor....
); and the Turboatom turbine
Turbine

A turbine is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow. Claude Burdin coined the term from the Latin turbo, or vortex, during an 1828 engineering competition....
s producer.

There is an underground rapid-transit system
Kharkiv Metro

The Kharkiv Metro is the rapid transit that serves the city of Kharkiv, the second largest city in Ukraine. The metro was the second in Ukraine and the fifth in the Soviet Union when it opened in 1975....
 (metro) with about 35 km of track and 28 stations. A well-known landmark of Kharkiv is the Freedom Square
Freedom Square, Kharkiv

Freedom Square in Kharkiv is the List of city squares by size city-centre square in Europe.Originally named Dzerzhinsky Square after Felix Dzerzhinsky, the founder of the Bolshevik secret police , it was renamed after Ukraine became independent in 1991....
 (Ploshchad Svobody), which is currently the third largest city square in Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
, and the 7th largest square in the world
List of city squares by size

This article lists the largest city squares, ordered by area. Areas given are in square meters as noted in the articles or the reference provided, but may not be directly comparable....
.

Geography and climate


Kharkiv is located in the northeastern region of Ukraine at around . Historically, Kharkiv lies in the Sloboda Ukraine
Sloboda Ukraine

Sloboda Ukraine or Slobozhanshchyna was a historical region which developed and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries on the southwestern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia....
 region (Slobozhanshchyna also known as Slobidshchyna), in which it is considered the main city. The city rests at the confluence of the Kharkiv
Kharkiv River

Kharkiv or Kharkov is a river in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, a left tributary of the Lopan River. It originates from town of Oktyabrsky, Belgorod Oblast in Belgorod Oblast, Russia....
, Lopan, and Udy Rivers, where they flow into the Northern Donets
Seversky Donets

The river Seversky Donets , tributary the Don River, Russia. It originates in Central Russian Upland, north of Belgorod, flows south-east through Ukraine and then into Russia again to join the Don River, Russia in the Rostov Oblast below Konstantinovsk, about 100 km from the Sea of Azov....
 watershed.

Kharkiv's climate is moderate continental
Continental climate

Continental climate is a climate that is characterized by winter temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of snow cover each year, and relatively moderate precipitation occurring mostly in summer, although east coast areas may show an even distribution of precipitation....
: cold and snowy winters, and hot summers. The seasonal average temperatures are not too cold in winter, not too hot in summer (-6.9 °C
Celsius

Celsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius , who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death....
 in January, and 20.3 °C in July). The average rainfall totals 513 millimetres per year, with the most in June and July.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Ave. high °C
Celsius

Celsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius , who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death....
 (°F
Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit , who proposed it in 1724. Today, the scale has largely been replaced by the Celsius scale; it is still in use for non-scientific purposes in the United States and a few other countries such as Belize....
)		 -5 (23) -2 (27) 2 (37) 13 (56) 21 (71) 25 (77) 27 (81) 26 (79) 20 (68) 12 (55) 3 (39) -1 (30) 12 (54)
Ave. low °C (°F) -9 (15) -8 (17 -3 (26) 4 (40) 10 (50) 13 (56) 15 (59) 14 (58) 9 (49) 3 (39) 0 (31) -3 (25) 3 (39)
Source: Weatherbase


History


Archeological evidence discovered in the area of present-day Kharkiv indicates that a local population has existed in that area since the 2nd millennium BC. Cultural artifacts date back to the Bronze Age
Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is, with respect to a given prehistory, the period in that society when the most advanced metalworking included smelting copper and tin from naturally-occurring outcroppings of copper and tin ores, creating a bronze alloy by melting those metals together, and casting them into bronze artifact s....
, as well as those of later Scythian and Sarmatian
Sarmatians

The Sarmatians, Sarmat? or Sauromat? were a people of Ancient Iranian peoples origin. Mentioned by Classics authors, they migrated from Central Asia to the Ural Mountains around fifth century B.C....
 settlers. There is also evidence that the Chernyakhov culture
Chernyakhov culture

The Chernyakhiv culture was found in Ukraine, Moldova and parts of Belarus. The eponymous site is the village of Cherniakhiv in Ukraine's Kiev Oblast ....
 flourished in the area from the 2nd to the 6th century.

Founded in the middle of 17th century, the city has had a university
Kharkiv University

V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University or V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University in the city of Kharkiv , is one of the major universities in Ukraine, and earlier in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union....
 since 1805. During the early years of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
, Kharkiv was the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Ukrainian SSR

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the founders of the USSR and a republic that made up the former Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 to its abolishment in 1991....
 (from 1917–1934).
Charkow
In the early 1930s, the Ukrainian famine
Famine

A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any faunal species, which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased death....
 (Holodomor
Holodomor

The Holodomor refers to the famine of 1932?1933 in the Ukrainian SSR during which millions of people were starved to death because of the Soviet policies that forced farmers into Collectivization in the Soviet Unions....
) drove many people off the land into the cities, to Kharkiv in particular, in search of food. Some of them died and were secretly buried in one of the city's cemeteries. During April and May 1940 about 3,800 Polish prisoners of Starobelsk camp were murdered in the Kharkiv NKVD
NKVD

The NKVD or People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the leading secret police organization of the Soviet Union that was responsible for Soviet political repressions during the Stalinism era....
 building, later buried in Pyatykhatky forest (part of the Katyn massacre
Katyn massacre

The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest massacre , was a mass murder of thousands of Poles military officers, policemen, intellectuals and civilian pow by Soviet NKVD, based on a proposal from Lavrentiy Beria to execute all members of the Polish Officer Corps dated March 5 1940....
).

During World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, Kharkiv was the site of several military engagements
Battle of Kharkov

Battle of Kharkov may refer to:* First Battle of Kharkov, a 1941 battle in which German troops captured the city* Second Battle of Kharkov, a 1942 battle in which Soviet forces attempted to retake the city...
. The city was captured by Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
 in October 24, 1941 and its military allies, recaptured by the Red Army
Red Army

The Red Army was the armed force first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and, in 1922, became the army of the Soviet Union....
, captured a second time by the Nazis in May 24, 1942; retaken by the Soviets in February 16, 1943, captured for a third time by Nazis in March 16, 1943 and then finally liberated on August 23, 1943. Seventy percent of the city was destroyed and tens of thousands of the inhabitants were killed. It is mentioned that Kharkiv was the most populous city in the Soviet Union occupied by Nazis, since in the years preceding World War II, Kiev
Kiev

Kiev, also known as Kyiv , is the Capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River....
 was the smaller of the two by population.

Between December 1941 and January 1942, an estimated 30,000 people (mostly Jewish) were killed by the Nazis. They were laid to rest in a large mass graves that is known as Drobitsky Yar
Drobitsky Yar

Drobitsky Yar is a ravine 8-12 km south east from Kharkiv, Ukraine. In December 1941, Nazi troops invading the Soviet Union began killing local inhabitants over the following year....
.

During World War II
Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front of World War II was a Theatre between the German Reich and the Soviet Union which encompassed Central Europe and eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945....
, four battles took place for control of the city:
  • Battle for Kharkov
  • Struggle for Kharkov
  • Kharkov offensive operation
  • Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev
    Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev

    Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev was a code name for the Belgorod-Kharkov Strategic Offensive Operation conducted by the Red Army between 3 August 1943 and 23 August 1943 against the Wehrmacht's 4th Panzer Army and Army Group Kempf during World War II....


Before the occupation, Kharkiv's tank industries
Malyshev Factory

The Malyshev Factory , formerly the Kharkov Locomotive Factory , is a state-owned manufacturer of heavy equipment in Kharkiv, Ukraine. It was named after the Soviet politician Vyacheslav Malyshev....
 were evacuated to the Urals with all their equipment, and became the heart of Red Army
Red Army

The Red Army was the armed force first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and, in 1922, became the army of the Soviet Union....
's tank programs (particularly, producing the legendary T-34
T-34

The T-34 was a Soviet Union Tank classification produced from 1940 to 1958. It is widely regarded as having been the world's best tank when the Soviet Union became involved in World War II, and although its armoured fighting vehicle and armament were surpassed by later tanks of the era, it has been often credited as the war's most effective,...
 tank earlier designed in Kharkiv). These enterprises were returned after the war, and still continue to produce some of the world's best tanks.

It was the third largest scientific-industrial center in the USSR (after Moscow
Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
 and Leningrad
Leningrad

Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia* Soviet helicopter carrier Leningrad, of the Soviet Navy...
).

Government and administrative divisions


While Kharkiv is the administrative center of the Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast

Kharkiv Oblast is an administrative divisions of Ukraine in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west....
 (province
Oblast

Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic peoples countries and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"....
), the city affairs are managed by the Kharkiv City Municipality. Kharkiv is a city of oblast subordinance
Administrative divisions of Ukraine

Ukraine is subdivided into 24 oblasts , one autonomous republic, and two "cities with special status"....
.

The territory of Kharkiv is divided into 9 administrative raion
Raion

A raion is a type of administrative unit of some post-Soviet states. The term, which is of French origin, describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is almost always translated as "district"....
s (districts):

  1. Dzerzhynsky
  2. Zhovtnevy
  3. Kyivsky
  4. Komintern?vsky
  5. Leninsky
  6. Moskovsky
  7. Frunzensky
  8. Ordzhonikidzevsky
  9. Chervonozavodsky


Demographics


According to the 1989 Soviet Union Census
Soviet Census (1989)

The 1989 Soviet Census was the final and most comprehensive Soviet Census taken within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics....
, the population of the city was 1,593,970. In 1991, the population decreased to 1,510,200, including 1,494,200 permanent city residents. Kharkiv is currently the second-largest city in Ukraine after the capital, Kiev
Kiev

Kiev, also known as Kyiv , is the Capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River....
.

The nationality structure of Kharkiv as of the 1989 census is: Ukrainians
Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavs ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly?citizens of Ukraine . Some 200 years ago and times prior to that, Ukrainians were usually referred to and known as Rusyny ....
 – 50.38%, Russians
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
 – 43.63%, Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
s – 3%, Belarusians
Belarusians

Belarusians or Belorussians are an East Slavs ethnic group who populate the majority of the Belarus and form minorities in neighboring Poland , Russia, Lithuania and Ukraine....
 – 0.75%, and all others (more than 25 minorities) – 2.24%.

The nationality structure of Kharkiv as of the 2001 census is: Ukrainians
Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavs ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly?citizens of Ukraine . Some 200 years ago and times prior to that, Ukrainians were usually referred to and known as Rusyny ....
 – 70.7%, Russians
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
 – 25.6%, Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
s – 0.4%, Belarusians
Belarusians

Belarusians or Belorussians are an East Slavs ethnic group who populate the majority of the Belarus and form minorities in neighboring Poland , Russia, Lithuania and Ukraine....
 – 0.5%.

Kharkiv's city residents are primarily Russophone
Russophone

A Russophone is literally a speaker of the Russian language either natively or by preference. At the same time the term is used in a more specialized meaning to describe the category of people whose cultural background is associated with Russian language regardless of ethnic and territorial distinctions....
.

Economy


During the Soviet Union times Kharkiv was the capital of industrial production in Ukraine and one of the largest centers of industry and commerce in the USSR
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the largely defense-systems-oriented industrial production of the city decreased significantly. In the early 2000s the industry started to recover and adapt to civil economy needs. Now there are more than 380 industrial enterprises concentrated in the city, which have a total number of 150,000 employees. The enterprises form machine-building, electrotechnical, instrument-making, and energy clusters.

State-owned industrial giants, such as Turboatom and Elektrotyazhmash occupy 17% of the heavy power equipment construction (e.g., turbines) market worldwide. Multipurpose aircraft are produced by Kharkov aircraft manufacturing plant of Antonov
Antonov

Antonov, or Antonov Aeronautical Scientific/Technical Complex , formerly the Antonov Design Bureau, is a Ukraine-based aircraft manufacturing and services company with particular expertise in the field of very large aircraft construction....
. Malyshev factory
Malyshev Factory

The Malyshev Factory , formerly the Kharkov Locomotive Factory , is a state-owned manufacturer of heavy equipment in Kharkiv, Ukraine. It was named after the Soviet politician Vyacheslav Malyshev....
 produces today not only armoured fighting vehicle
Armoured fighting vehicle

An armoured fighting vehicle is a military vehicle, protected by vehicle armour and armed with weapons. Most AFVs are equipped for driving in rugged terrain....
s, but also harvesters. Hartron is the leading designer of space and commercial control systems in Ukraine and the CIS
Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States is a regional organization whose participating countries are former Soviet Republics.The CIS is comparable to a confederation similar to the original European Community....
.

Education


Kharkiv is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research of Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a term that applies to the geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the Europe. Throughout history and to a lesser extent today, parts of Eastern Europe has been distinguishable from Western Europe and other regions due to cultural, religious, economic, and historical reasons, even though there i...
. The city has 13 national universities and numerous professional, technical and private higher education institutions, offering its students a wide range of disciplines. Kharkiv National University (12,000 students), National Technical University “KhPI”
Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute

Kharkiv State Polytechnical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute" is one of the oldest technical universities in Ukraine and one of the finest in eastern and southern Europe....
 (10,000 students), Kharkiv National Aerospace University "KhAI" are the leading universities in Ukraine. A total number of 150,000 students attend the universities and other institutions of higher education in Kharkiv. About 9,000 foreign students from 96 countries study in the city. More than 17,000 faculty and research stuff are employed in the institutions of higher education in Kharkiv.

The city has a high concentration of research institutions, which are independent or loosely connected with the universities. Among them are three national science centers: Khark?v Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute of Metrology, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine and 20 national research institutions of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine
National Academy of Science of Ukraine

The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is the highest state research organization in Ukraine. Like many other academies, it has a two-tier membership: academicians, and corresponding members....
, such as Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering. A total number of 26,000 scientists are working in research and development.

In addition to the libraries affiliated with the various universities and research institutions, the Kharkiv State Scientific V. Korolenko-library is a major research library. Kharkiv has 212 schools, including 10 lyceum
Lyceum

A Lyceum can be*an educational institution , or*a public hall used for cultural events like concerts.*Mount Lyceum . The holy mount of the Arcadians....
s and 20 gymnasiums
Gymnasium (school)

A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English Grammar schools in the United Kingdoms or sixth form colleges and U.S....
.

Modern Kharkiv

Of the many attractions of the Kharkiv city are the: Gosprom
Gosprom

The Gosprom or Derzhprom building is a Constructivist architecture structure located in Freedom Square, Kharkiv. Its name is an abbreviation of two words that, taken together, mean State Industry....
 (Derzhprom) building, Memorial Complex, Freedom Square
Freedom Square, Kharkiv

Freedom Square in Kharkiv is the List of city squares by size city-centre square in Europe.Originally named Dzerzhinsky Square after Felix Dzerzhinsky, the founder of the Bolshevik secret police , it was renamed after Ukraine became independent in 1991....
, Taras Shevchenko
Taras Shevchenko

Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko was a Ukrainians poet, artist and Humanism. His literary heritage is regarded to be the foundation of modern Ukrainian literature and, to a large extent, the modern Ukrainian language....
 Monument, Mirror Stream, Dormition Cathedral, Militia Museum, Intercession Cathedral, T. Shevchenko Gardens, funicular, Annunciation Cathedral, Children's narrow-gauge railroad and many more.

Sport


Kharkiv is Ukraine's second largest city and as in the whole country sports are taken seriously. The most popular sport is football
Football (soccer)

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
. The city has two clubs playing in the Ukrainian Premier League
Ukrainian Premier League

The Ukrainian Premier League is the highest division of Ukraine annual football championship. The league was founded in 1991 after the fold of the Soviet Union's Soviet Top League....
, one in the Persha Liha and one in Druha Liha B.

  • Metalist Kharkiv
    FC Metalist Kharkiv

    FC Metalist Kharkiv are a professional Ukraine football club based in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Founded in 1925, they played in the Soviet Top League and now in the Ukrainian Premier League....
    , which plays at the Metalist Stadium
    Metalist Stadium

    Oblasny SportKomplex Metalist, commonly known as Metalist Stadium, is a multi-use stadium in Kharkiv, Ukraine. It is currently used chiefly for football matches and is the home of FC Metalist Kharkiv....
  • FC Kharkiv
    FC Kharkiv

    FC Kharkiv is a professional football club based in Kharkiv, Ukraine. For 2008-09 season the team's home has become the city of Sumy....
    , which plays at the Olypmiyskiy Stadium (Sumy
    Sumy

    Sumy is a city on the Psel River in Ukraine, and the Capital of the Sumy Oblast. As of 2004, the city's population is 283,700. It is served by Sumy Airport....
    )
  • FC Helios Kharkiv
    FC Helios Kharkiv

    FC Helios Kharkiv is a Ukraine Football located in Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine...
    , which plays at the Dynamo Stadium
  • FC Arsenal Kharkiv
    FC Arsenal Kharkiv

    FC Arsenal Kharkiv is a professional football team based in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Arsenal Kharkiv currently plays in the Druha Liha B in Ukraine....
    , which plays at the Arsenal-Bavariya Stadium


Twin towns - Sister cities

Kharkiv is currently twinned
Town twinning

Town twinning, also known as sister cities, is a concept whereby towns or city in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired, with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links between their inhabitants....
 with:

  • Bologna
    Bologna

    Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Po Valley , between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, exactly between the Reno River and the S?vena River....
    , Italy
    Italy

    Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
  • Lille
    Lille

    Lille is a city in northern France. It is the principal city of the Urban Community of Lille M?tropole, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country behind those of Paris, Lyon and Marseille....
    , France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
     
  • Nόrnberg
    Nuremberg

    Nuremberg is a city in the Germany State of Bavaria, in the Regierungsbezirk of Middle Franconia. It is situated on the Pegnitz River river and the Rhine?Main?Danube Canal and is Franconia's largest city....
    , Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
  • Poznan
    Poznan

    Poznan is a city in west-central Poland with over 567,882 inhabitants . Located on the Warta River, it is one of the oldest cities in Poland, making it an important historical centre and a vibrant centre of trade, industry, and education....
    , Poland
    Poland

    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
     
  • Cincinnati
    Cincinnati, Ohio

    Cincinnati is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County, Ohio. The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the Ohio River at the Ohio-Kentucky border....
    , United States
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
  • Tianjin
    Tianjin

    is the third largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipality that have Political divisions of China status, reporting directly to the central government....
    , China
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
  • Bangalore
    Bangalore

    Bangalore , officially Bengaluru , is the capital of the Indian States and territories of India of Karnataka. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's List of most populous cities in India and List of most populous metropolitan areas in India....
    , India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
  • Rize
    Rize

    Rize is the capital of Rize Province, in northeast Turkey, on the Black Sea coast....
    , Turkey
    Turkey

    Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....


Nobel and Fields prize winners

  • Vladimir Drinfeld
    Vladimir Drinfel'd

    Vladimir Gershonovich Drinfel'd is a Ukraine and Soviet Union mathematician currently working in the USA. The work of Drinfel'd related algebraic geometry over finite fields with number theory, especially the theory of automorphic forms, through the notions of elliptic module and the theory of the geometric Langlands correspondence....
     (mathematics)
  • Simon Kuznets
    Simon Kuznets

    Simon Smith Kuznets was an American economist at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvaniawho won the 1971 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"....
     (economics)
  • Lev Landau
    Lev Landau

    Lev Davidovich Landau was a prominent Soviet Union physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. His accomplishments include the co-discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism, the theory of superfluidity, the theory of second order phase tra...
     (physics)
  • Ilya Mechnikov
    Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov

    Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov was a Russian microbiology best remembered for his pioneering research into the immune system. Mechnikov received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908, for his work on phagocytosis....
     (biology)


Famous people from Kharkiv

  • Vladimir Bobri
    Vladimir Bobri

    Vladimir Bobri was an illustrator, author, composer, educator and guitar historian. Celebrated for his prolific and innovative graphic design work in New York since the mid-1920s, Bobri was also a founder of the New York Society of The Classic Guitar in 1936, and served as editor and art director of its magazine, The Guitar Review, for...
     — Illustrator, author, composer, educator and guitar historian
  • Sergei Bortkiewicz
    Sergei Bortkiewicz

    Sergei Bortkiewicz was a Ukraine-born Poland Romantic music composer and pianist....
     — Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    n Romantic
    Romantic music

    In music, romanticism is a term, often considered misleading, and concept derived from literature traditionally defined by attributes including, "interest in nature, medieval chivalry, mysticism, [and] remoteness [ Social alienation and Solitude]"....
     composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
     and pianist
    Pianist

    A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an musical ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers....
  • Leonid Bykov - a Soviet actor, film director, and script writer
  • Adolphe Mouron Cassandre
    Adolphe Mouron Cassandre

    Adolphe Mouron Cassandre was an influential Ukraine-France Painting, commercial poster artist, and typeface designer.Born Adolphe Jean-Marie Mouron in Kharkov, Ukraine, to France parents, as a young man, Cassandre moved to Paris, where he studied at the ?cole des Beaux-Arts and at the Acad?mie Julian....
     — Ukrainian-French painter
    Painting

    Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . In art, the term describes both the act and the result, which is called a painting....
    , commercial poster
    Poster

    A poster is any piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface. Typically posters include both typography and graphic elements, although a poster may be either wholly graphical or wholly textual....
     artist, and typeface
    Typeface

    In typography, a typeface is a set of one or more fonts, in one or more sizes, designed with stylistic unity, each comprising a coordinated set of glyphs....
     designer
  • Valentina Chepiga
    Valentina Chepiga

    Valentina Chepiga is a professional female bodybuilding from Kharkov, Ukraine....
     - Female Bodybuilder
    Female bodybuilding

    Female bodybuilding is the female component of competitive bodybuilding. It began in the late 1970s when women began to take part in bodybuilding competitions....
     and 2000 Ms. Olympia
    Ms. Olympia

    Ms. Olympia is the title given to the winner of the women's bodybuilding portion of Joe Weider's Olympia Weekend - and international bodybuilding competition that is held annually by the International Federation of BodyBuilders ....
     Champion
  • Vladimir Drinfeld
    Vladimir Drinfel'd

    Vladimir Gershonovich Drinfel'd is a Ukraine and Soviet Union mathematician currently working in the USA. The work of Drinfel'd related algebraic geometry over finite fields with number theory, especially the theory of automorphic forms, through the notions of elliptic module and the theory of the geometric Langlands correspondence....
     — Mathematician
  • Konstanty Gorski
    Konstanty Gorski

    Konstanty Antoni Gorski was a Poland composer, viola, organist, and music teacher. Gorski was born in Lida. He died in Poznan....
     — Polish composer, violist, organist, and music teacher
  • Valentina Grizodubova
    Valentina Grizodubova

    Valentina Stepanovna Grizodubova was a one of the first female pilots in the Soviet Union and was awarded titles Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labour....
     — One of the first female pilots in the Soviet Union
    Soviet Union

    The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
  • Lyudmila Gurchenko
    Lyudmila Gurchenko

    Lyudmila Markovna Gurchenko is a popular Soviet and Russian actress, singer and entertainer.Lyudmila was born in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Part of her childhood was spent under German occupation of Ukraine....
     - Soviet and Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    n actress, singer and entertainer
  • Mikhail Gurevich
    Mikhail Gurevich

    Mikhail Iosifovich Gurevich was a Soviet Union aircraft designer, a partner of the famous MiG military aviation bureau.Born to a family of a winery mechanic in a small township of Rubanshchina , in 1910 he graduated from gymnasium in Akhtyrka with the silver medal and entered the Mathematics department at Kharkov University....
     - Soviet aircraft designer, a partner (with Artem Mikoyan
    Artem Mikoyan

    Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan was a Soviet Union aircraft designer of Armenians descent. In partnership with Mikhail Iosifovich Gurevich he designed many of the famous MiG military aircraft....
    ) of the famous MiG
    Mig

    Mig may refer to:*Mikoyan or "MiG", formerly "Mikoyan-Gurevich", a Russian military aircraft manufacturer*Marfin Investment Group*Minnesota IMPLAN Group, inc...
     military aviation bureau
  • Mikhail Gurevich
    Mikhail Gurevich (chess player)

    Mikhail Naumovich Gurevich is a Ukrainians chess player. He lived in Belgium from 1991 to 2005 and since then resides in Turkey.Gurevich won the Ukrainian Chess Championship in 1984 and became USSR Chess Championship in 1985, controversially taking the title on tiebreak points from co-winners Alexander Chernin and Viktor Gavrikov, after a...
     — Ukrainian
    Ukrainians

    Ukrainians are an East Slavs ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly?citizens of Ukraine . Some 200 years ago and times prior to that, Ukrainians were usually referred to and known as Rusyny ....
     chess
    Chess

    Chess is a recreational and competitive game played between two Player . Sometimes called Western chess or international chess to distinguish it from History of chess and other chess variants, the current form of the game emerged in Southern Europe during the second half of the 15th century after evolving from similar, much older...
     player
  • Maksym Kalynychenko
    Maksym Kalynychenko

    Maksym Serhiyovych Kalynychenko ; also spelled Maksim Sergeyevich Kalinichenko) is a professional Ukrainian football midfielder for FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk, sometimes playing in central midfield or as a winger....
     - Ukrainian football
    Football (soccer)

    Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
     player
  • Hnat Khotkevych
    Hnat Khotkevych

    Hnat Martynovych Khotkevych was a Ukrainians writer, ethnographer, playwright, composer, musicologist, and bandurist.His mother was a domestic worker....
     - Writer, ethnographer, composer, bandurist
  • Mikhail Koshkin
    Mikhail Koshkin

    Mikhail Ilyich Koshkin was a Soviet tank designer, chief designer of the famous T-34 medium tank. He started out in life as a candy maker, but then studied engineering....
     - chief designer of Soviet tank T-34
    T-34

    The T-34 was a Soviet Union Tank classification produced from 1940 to 1958. It is widely regarded as having been the world's best tank when the Soviet Union became involved in World War II, and although its armoured fighting vehicle and armament were surpassed by later tanks of the era, it has been often credited as the war's most effective,...
  • Olga Krasko - Russian actress
  • Yakov Landa - Russian writer, 1948—2005
  • Eduard Limonov
    Eduard Limonov

    File:Eduard Limonov.jpgEduard Limonov is a France citizen and a Russian nationalist writer and political dissident, and is the founder and leader of Russia's unregistered National Bolshevik Party....
     - Writer, poet and controversial politician.
  • Lev Landau
    Lev Landau

    Lev Davidovich Landau was a prominent Soviet Union physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. His accomplishments include the co-discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism, the theory of superfluidity, the theory of second order phase tra...
     - prominent Soviet physicist, Nobel Prize winner
  • Evgeny Lifshitz
    Evgeny Lifshitz

    Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz was a leading Soviet physicist from a Jewish origin and the brotherof Ilya Mikhailovich Lifshitz.Lifshitz is well known in general relativity for coauthoring the BKL singularity concerning the nature of a generic curvature singularity....
     — Leading Soviet physicist
    Physicist

    A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
  • Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy
    Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy

    Gleb Evgeniyevich Lozino-Lozinskiy - was a Russian engineer, General Director and General Designer of the JSC NPO Molniya, lead developer of the Russian Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105 and Shuttle Buran programme, Doctor of Science, Hero of Socialist Labour, laureate of Lenin Prize and State Prizes ....
     - lead developer of the Soviet Shuttle Buran programme
  • Irina Press
    Irina Press

    Irina Natanovna Press was a Ukraine athlete who won two Olympic gold medals for the USSR at the Summer Olympics, in 80 m hurdling and women's pentathlon ....
     — Ukrainian
    Ukraine

    Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
     athlete who won two Olympic gold medal
    Gold medal

    A gold medal is typically the highest medal awarded for achievement in a non-military field. The concept comes from the military, initially with a simple recognition of military rank, and later decorations for admission to military orders dating back to medieval times....
    s
  • Tamara Press
    Tamara Press

    Tamara Natanovna Press is a former Soviet Union shot putter and discus thrower in the 1960s. She competed for Voluntary Sports Societies of the USSR Trud....
     — Soviet
    Soviet Union

    The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
     shot put
    Shot put

    The shot put is an athletics event involving "putting" a heavy metal ball as far as possible. It is common to use the term "shot put" to refer to both the shot itself and to the throwing motion....
    ter and discus throw
    Discus throw

    The discus throw is an event in track and field competition, in which an athlete throws a heavy disk ???itself called a discus???in an attempt to mark a farther distance than his or her competitors....
    er
  • Alexander Shchetynsky
    Alexander Shchetynsky

    Alexander Shchetynsky is a Ukraine composer. Born in Kharkiv, Ukraine on 22 June 1960. His work list includes compositions in various forms ranging from solo instrumental to orchestral, choral pieces and operas....
     — Composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
  • Eugen Schauman
    Eugen Schauman

    Eugen Schauman was a Finland nationalist who assassinated the Governor-General of Finland Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov....
     - Finnish
    Finland

    Finland , officially the Republic of Finland , is a Nordic countries situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland....
     nationalist who killed Russian general Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov
    Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov

    Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov was a Russian soldier and politician.Bobrikov became an officer in the Russian army in 1858 after which he served in the Kazan military district and as division al chief-of-staff in Novgorod....
     in 1904
  • Alexander Siloti
    Alexander Siloti

    Alexander Ilyich Siloti was a Russian pianist, Conducting and composer. ...
     — Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    n pianist
    Pianist

    A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an musical ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers....
    , conductor
    Conducting

    Conducting is the act of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. Orchestras, choirs, concert bands and other musical ensembles often have conductors....
     and composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
  • Karina Smirnoff
    Karina Smirnoff

    Karina Smirnoff is a world champion professional dancer from Kharkiv, Ukraine. She is a five-time U.S. National Dancesport Champions , World Trophy Champion, and Asian Open Champion....
     - Ukrainian professional world champion dancer, starring on Dancing with the Stars
    Dancing with the Stars

    Dancing with the Stars is the name of a group of international television series based on the format of the United Kingdom series Strictly Come Dancing, distributed by BBC Worldwide the commercial arm of the BBC....
  • Jura Soyfer
    Jura Soyfer

    Jura Soyfer was an important Austrian political journalist and cabaret writer....
     — Austria
    Austria

    Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
    n political journalist
    Journalist

    A journalist is a person who practices journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events, trends, issues, and people while striving for viewpoints that aren't biased....
     and cabaret
    Cabaret

    Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre, distinguished mainly by the performance venue — a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performances and the audience sitting at tables watching the performance being introduced by a master of ceremonies, or MC....
     writer
    Writer

    A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, as well as those who have written in many different forms....
  • Otto Struve
    Otto Struve

    ----Otto Struve was a Ukraine - Russian-United States astronomer. In Russian, his name is sometimes given as Otto Lyudvigovich Struve ; however, he spent most of his life and his entire scientific career in the United States....
     — Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    n-American
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
     astronomer
    Astronomer

    An astronomer is a scientist who studies Celestial body such as planets, stars, and Galaxy.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws....
  • Sergei Sviatchenko
    Sergei Sviatchenko

    Sergei Sviatchenko is a Ukraine artist who lives in Denmark. Sviatchenko graduated from The Academy of Arts and Architecture in Kharkov in 1975, and in 1986 he obtained a Ph....
     - Ukrainian
    Ukraine

    Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
     artist
  • Mark Taimanov
    Mark Taimanov

    Mark Evgenievich Taimanov is a leading Russian chess player and concert pianist.He was awarded the International Grandmaster title in 1952 and played in the Candidates Tournament in Zurich in 1953, where he tied for eighth place....
     — Leading Ukrainian
    Ukraine

    Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
     chess
    Chess

    Chess is a recreational and competitive game played between two Player . Sometimes called Western chess or international chess to distinguish it from History of chess and other chess variants, the current form of the game emerged in Southern Europe during the second half of the 15th century after evolving from similar, much older...
     player and concert
    Concert

    A concert is a live performance, usually of music, before an audience. The music may be performed by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, a choir, or a musical band....
     pianist
    Pianist

    A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an musical ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers....
  • Nikolai Tikhonov
    Nikolai Tikhonov

    Nikolai Aleksandrovich Tikhonov was the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1980 to 1985.Tikhonov was trained as an engineer at the Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute earning his degree in 1930....
     — Premier of the Soviet Union
    Premier of the Soviet Union

    Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English language term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR , who was the head of government in the Soviet Union....
  • Vladimir Vasyutin
    Vladimir Vasyutin

    Vladimir Vladimirovich Vasyutin, was a Soviet Union cosmonaut.He was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1 1978 . He retired on February 25 1986....
     — Soviet
    Soviet Union

    The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
     cosmonaut of Ukrainian
    Ukraine

    Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
     descent
  • Alexander Winkler — Composer and pianist, 1865—1935


Transport


Kharkiv Vokzal
The city of Kharkiv is one of the largest transportation centers in Ukraine, which is connected to numerous cities of the world by air, rail and road traffic. The city has many transportation methods, including: public transport, taxis, railways, and air traffic.

Local transport


Being an important transportation center of Ukraine, Kharkiv itself contains many different transportation methods. Kharkiv's Metro
Kharkiv Metro

The Kharkiv Metro is the rapid transit that serves the city of Kharkiv, the second largest city in Ukraine. The metro was the second in Ukraine and the fifth in the Soviet Union when it opened in 1975....
 is the city's rapid transit system, operating since 1975, it includes three different lines with 28 stations in total. The Kharkiv buses carry about 12 million passengers annually, trolleybuses, tramways (which celebrated 100 years of service in 2006), and marshrutka
Marshrutka

Marshrutka , from marshrutnoye taksi is a share taxi in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries, the Baltic states, and Bulgaria....
s (private minibuses).

Railways


The first railway connection of Kharkiv was opened in 1869. The first train to arrive in Kharkiv came from the north on May 22, 1869, and on June 6, 1869, traffic was opened on the Kursk–Kharkiv–Azov line. Kharkiv's passenger railway station was reconstructed and expanded in 1901, to be later destroyed in the Second World War. A new railway station was built in 1952.

Various railway transportation methods available in the city are the: Railway trains, and elektrichka
Elektrichka

Elektrichka is an informal word for elektropoyezd , a Soviet Union or post-Soviet regional electrical multiple unit passenger train. Elektrichkas are widespread in Russia, Ukraine and some other countries of the former Soviet Union....
s (regional electric trains).

Air travel


Kharkiv is served by an international airport which used to have about 200 flights a day, almost all of them being passenger flights. The Kharkiv Osnova International Airport
Kharkiv Osnova International Airport

Kharkiv International Airport is an airport located in Kharkiv, Ukraine....
 was only recently granted international status. The airport itself is not big and is situated within the city boundaries, south from the city centre. Flights to Kiev
Kiev

Kiev, also known as Kyiv , is the Capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River....
 and Moscow
Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
 are available on a daily basis. There are regular flights to Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
 and Istanbul
Istanbul

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population, and List of cities proper by population in the world with a population of 12.6 million....
, and several other destinations. Charter flights are also available. The former largest carrier of the Kharkiv Airport — Aeromost-Kharkiv — is not serving any regular destinations as of 2007. The Kharkiv North Airport is a factory airfield and was a major production facility for Antonov aircraft company
Antonov

Antonov, or Antonov Aeronautical Scientific/Technical Complex , formerly the Antonov Design Bureau, is a Ukraine-based aircraft manufacturing and services company with particular expertise in the field of very large aircraft construction....
.

Footnotes and references



External links