Scientific equations named after people
Encyclopedia
This is a list of scientific equations named after people (eponymous equations).
| Equation | Field | Person(s) named after |
|---|---|---|
| Allen–Cahn equation | Phase separation | S. Allen and John W. Cahn John W. Cahn John Werner Cahn is an American scientist and winner of the 1998 National Medal of Science. He was a professor in the department of Materials Science at MIT from 1964-1978. Since 1977, he has held a position at the National Institute of Standards and Technology . Dr... |
| Archard equation Archard equation The Archard wear equation is a simple model used to describe sliding wear and is based around the theory of asperity contact. The Archard equation was developed later than the Reye's hypothesis, though both came to the same physical conclusions, that the volume of the removed debris due to wear is... |
Materials science | John F. Archard |
| Arrhenius equation Arrhenius equation The Arrhenius equation is a simple, but remarkably accurate, formula for the temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant, and therefore, rate of a chemical reaction. The equation was first proposed by the Dutch chemist J. H. van 't Hoff in 1884; five years later in 1889, the Swedish... |
Chemical kinetics | Svante Arrhenius Svante Arrhenius Svante August Arrhenius was a Swedish scientist, originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry... |
| Aryabhata equation | Number theory | Aryabhata Aryabhata Aryabhata was the first in the line of great mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy... |
| Ashkin–Teller model | Statistical mechanics | Edward Teller Edward Teller Edward Teller was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist, known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb," even though he did not care for the title. Teller made numerous contributions to nuclear and molecular physics, spectroscopy , and surface physics... Julius Ashkin |
| Assis-Einloft model | Radio wave propagation, rain attenuation | Mauro S. Assis and Claudio M. Einloft |
| Avrami equation Avrami equation The Avrami equation describes how solids transform from one phase to another at constant temperature. It can specifically describe the kinetics of crystallisation, can be applied generally to other changes of phase in materials, like chemical reaction rates, and can even be meaningful in analyses... |
Phase transformation | Melvin Avrami |
| Bellman equation Bellman equation A Bellman equation , named after its discoverer, Richard Bellman, is a necessary condition for optimality associated with the mathematical optimization method known as dynamic programming... |
Control theory | Richard Bellman Richard Bellman Richard Ernest Bellman was an American applied mathematician, celebrated for his invention of dynamic programming in 1953, and important contributions in other fields of mathematics.-Biography:... |
| Beltrami equation | Differential geometry | Eugenio Beltrami Eugenio Beltrami Eugenio Beltrami was an Italian mathematician notable for his work concerning differential geometry and mathematical physics... |
| Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation | Fluid dynamics | M. Benedict, G. B. Webb, and L. C. Rubin |
| Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation Benjamin–Ono equation |
Fluid dynamics, Wave mechanics Waves in fluids |
T. B. Benjamin, J. L. Bona Jerry L. Bona Jerry Lloyd Bona is an American mathematician, well known for his work in fluid mechanics, partial differential equations, and computational mathematics, and active in some other branches of pure and applied mathematics.... , and J. J. Mahony T. B. Benjamin and H. Ono |
| Bernoulli's equation | Fluid dynamics | Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli was a Dutch-Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and statistics... |
| Bernoulli differential equation Bernoulli differential equation In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation of the formis called a Bernoulli equation when n≠1, 0, which is named after Jakob Bernoulli, who discussed it in 1695... |
Calculus | Jacob Bernoulli |
| Bessel differential equation Bessel function In mathematics, Bessel functions, first defined by the mathematician Daniel Bernoulli and generalized by Friedrich Bessel, are canonical solutions y of Bessel's differential equation:... |
Special functions | Friedrich Bessel Friedrich Bessel -References:* John Frederick William Herschel, A brief notice of the life, researches, and discoveries of Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, London: Barclay, 1847 -External links:... |
| Birch–Murnaghan equation of state | Continuum mechanics | Francis Birch Francis Birch (geophysicist) Albert Francis Birch was an American geophysicist best known for his experimental work on the properties of Earth-forming minerals at high pressure and temperature, in 1952 he published a well-known paper in the Journal of Geophysical Research ,where he demonstrated that the mantle is chiefly... and Francis D. Murnaghan |
| Birkhoff–Rott equation | Fluid dynamics | Garrett Birkhoff Garrett Birkhoff Garrett Birkhoff was an American mathematician. He is best known for his work in lattice theory.The mathematician George Birkhoff was his father.... |
| Black's equation Black's equation Black's Equation is a mathematical model for the mean time to failure of a semiconductor circuit due to electromigration: a phenomenon of molecular rearrangement in the solid phase caused by an electromagnetic field.... |
Electronics | James R. Black |
| Black–Scholes equation | Mathematical finance | Fischer Black Fischer Black Fischer Sheffey Black was an American economist, best known as one of the authors of the famous Black–Scholes equation.-Background:... and Myron Scholes Myron Scholes Myron Samuel Scholes is a Canadian-born American financial economist who is best known as one of the authors of the Black–Scholes equation. In 1997 he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for a method to determine the value of derivatives... |
| Blaney–Criddle equation | Agronomy | Blaney Blaney Blaney is a small village and townland in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It lies on the southern shore of Lower Lough Erne, west of Enniskillen. It is within the Fermanagh District Council area.- History :... and Criddle |
| Boltzmann equation Boltzmann equation The Boltzmann equation, also often known as the Boltzmann transport equation, devised by Ludwig Boltzmann, describes the statistical distribution of one particle in rarefied gas... |
Thermodynamics | Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics... |
| Bôcher's equation | Calculus | Maxime Bôcher Maxime Bôcher Maxime Bôcher was an American mathematician who published about 100 papers on differential equations, series, and algebra. He also wrote elementary texts such as Trigonometry and Analytic Geometry. Bôcher's theorem, Bôcher's equation, and the Bôcher Memorial Prize are named after him.-Life:Bôcher... |
| Borda–Carnot equation Borda–Carnot equation In fluid dynamics the Borda–Carnot equation is an empirical description of the mechanical energy losses of the fluid due to a flow expansion. It describes how the total head reduces due to the losses. This in contrast with Bernoulli's principle for dissipationless flow , where the total head is a... |
Fluid dynamics | Jean-Charles de Borda Jean-Charles de Borda Jean-Charles, chevalier de Borda was a French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor.-Life history:... and Lazare Carnot Lazare Carnot Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, Comte Carnot , the Organizer of Victory in the French Revolutionary Wars, was a French politician, engineer, and mathematician.-Education and early life:... |
| Boussinesq equations | Wave mechanics | Joseph Boussinesq |
| Breit equation Breit equation The Breit equation is a relativistic wave equation derived by Gregory Breit in 1929 based on the Dirac equation, which formally describes two or more massive spin-1/2 particles interacting electromagnetically to the first order in perturbation theory. It accounts for magnetic interactions and... |
Quantum mechanics | Gregory Breit Gregory Breit Gregory Breit was a Russian-born American physicist and professor at universities in New York, Wisconsin, Yale, and Buffalo... |
| Bridgman's equation Bridgman's thermodynamic equations Bridgman's thermodynamic equations In thermodynamics, Bridgman's thermodynamic equations are a basic set of thermodynamic equations, derived using a method of generating a large number of thermodynamic identities involving a number of thermodynamic quantities. The equations are named after the American physicist Percy Williams... |
Dimensional analysis Thermodynamics |
Percy Williams Bridgman Percy Williams Bridgman Percy Williams Bridgman was an American physicist who won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures. He also wrote extensively on the scientific method and on other aspects of the philosophy of science.- Biography :Bridgman entered Harvard University in 1900,... Percy Williams Bridgman |
| Broer–Kaup–Kupershmidt equation |
Wave mechanics | Lambertus Broer Lambertus Johannes Folkert Broer Lambertus Johannes Folkert "Bert" Broer was a Dutch physicist and mathematician.- External links :... , D. J. Kaup, and B. A. Kupershmidt |
| Buckley–Leverett equation Buckley–Leverett equation In fluid dynamics, the Buckley–Leverett equation is a transport equation used to model two-phase flow in porous media. The Buckley–Leverett equation or the Buckley–Leverett displacement can be interpreted as a way of incorporating the microscopic effects to due capillary pressure in two-phase flow... |
Two-phase flow in porous media | S. E. Buckley and M. C. Leverett |
| Burgers' equation Burgers' equation Burgers' equation is a fundamental partial differential equation from fluid mechanics. It occurs in various areas of applied mathematics, such as modeling of gas dynamics and traffic flow... |
Fluid dynamics | Johannes Martinus Burgers Johannes Martinus Burgers -External links:* A.J.Q. Alkemade, , in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland. * , biography at the University of Maryland* * at the University of Maryland*... |
| Cahn–Hilliard equation Cahn–Hilliard equation The Cahn–Hilliard equation is an equation of mathematical physics which describes the process of phase separation, by which the two components of a binary fluid spontaneously separate and form domains pure in each component... |
Phase separation | John W. Cahn John W. Cahn John Werner Cahn is an American scientist and winner of the 1998 National Medal of Science. He was a professor in the department of Materials Science at MIT from 1964-1978. Since 1977, he has held a position at the National Institute of Standards and Technology . Dr... and John E. Hilliard |
| Callan–Symanzik equation | Quantum field theory | Curtis Callan Curtis Callan Curtis Callan is a theoretical physicist and a professor at Princeton University. He has conducted research in gauge theory, string theory, instantons, black holes, strong interactions, and many other topics... and Kurt Symanzik Kurt Symanzik Kurt Symanzik was a German physicist working in quantum field theory.- Life :Symanzik was born in Lyck , East Prussia, and spent his childhood in Königsberg. He started studying physics in 1946 at Universität München but after a short time moved to Werner Heisenberg at Göttingen... |
| Callendar–Van Dusen equation | Thermodynamics | Hugh Longbourne Callendar Hugh Longbourne Callendar Hugh Longbourne Callendar FRS was a British physicist. He was born at Hatherop as the eldest son of the Reverend Hugh Callendar, a local Anglican rector... and M. S. Van Dusen |
| Camassa–Holm equation | Fluid dynamics | Roberto Camassa and Darryl Holm |
| Carothers equation | Polymer chemistry | Wallace Carothers Wallace Carothers Wallace Hume Carothers was an American chemist, inventor and the leader of organic chemistry at DuPont, credited with the invention of nylon.... |
| Cauchy's equation Cauchy's equation Cauchy's equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin Louis Cauchy, who defined it in 1836.-The equation:... Cauchy momentum equation Cauchy's functional equation Cauchy's functional equation Cauchy's functional equation is the functional equation f=f+f. \ Solutions to this are called additive functions.Over the rational numbers, it can be shown using elementary algebra that there is a single family of solutions, namely f = cx \ for any arbitrary rational number c.Over the real... Cauchy's integral formula Cauchy's integral formula In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a central statement in complex analysis. It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk, and it provides integral formulas for all... Cauchy–Euler equation Cauchy–Riemann equations |
Optics Fluid Dynamics Functional theory Complex Analysis Calculus Complex Analysis |
Augustin Louis Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy was a French mathematician who was an early pioneer of analysis. He started the project of formulating and proving the theorems of infinitesimal calculus in a rigorous manner, rejecting the heuristic principle of the generality of algebra exploited by earlier authors... Augustin Louis Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy and Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist. He made important discoveries in fields as diverse as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion... Augustin Louis Cauchy and Bernhard Riemann Bernhard Riemann Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann was an influential German mathematician who made lasting contributions to analysis and differential geometry, some of them enabling the later development of general relativity.... |
| Cesàro equation Cesàro equation In geometry, the Cesàro equation of a plane curve is an equation relating curvature to arc length . It may also be given as an equation relating the radius of curvature to arc length. Two congruent curves will have the same Cesàro equation... |
Differential geometry | Ernesto Cesàro Ernesto Cesàro Ernesto Cesàro was an Italian mathematician who worked in the field of differential geometry.Cesàro was born in Naples. He is known also for his 'averaging' method for the summation of divergent series, known as the Cesàro mean.-Books by E. Cesaro:* * Ernesto Cesàro (March 12, 1859 – September... |
| Chaplygin's equation | Transonic flow | Sergey Chaplygin |
| Chapman–Kolmogorov equation Chapman–Enskog equation |
Probability theory Kinetic theory |
Sydney Chapman and Andrey Kolmogorov Andrey Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov was a Soviet mathematician, preeminent in the 20th century, who advanced various scientific fields, among them probability theory, topology, intuitionistic logic, turbulence, classical mechanics and computational complexity.-Early life:Kolmogorov was born at Tambov... Sydney Chapman and David Enskog David Enskog David Enskog was a Swedish mathematical physicist. Enskog helped develop the kinetic theory of gases by extending the Maxwell–Boltzmann equations.- Biography :... |
| Chebyshev equation | Calculus | Pafnuty Chebyshev Pafnuty Chebyshev Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev was a Russian mathematician. His name can be alternatively transliterated as Chebychev, Chebysheff, Chebyshov, Tschebyshev, Tchebycheff, or Tschebyscheff .-Early years:One of nine children, Chebyshev was born in the village of Okatovo in the district of Borovsk,... |
| Churchill–Bernstein equation | Heat Transfer | S. W. Churchill and M. Bernstein |
| Clairaut's equation | Calculus | Alexis Clairaut |
| Clausius–Clapeyron equation | Calculus | Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius , was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics. By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's principle known as the Carnot cycle, he put the theory of heat on a truer and sounder basis... and Émile Clapeyron Benoit Paul Émile Clapeyron Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron was a French engineer and physicist, one of the founders of thermodynamics.-Life:... |
| Clausius–Mossotti equation | Physics | Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius , was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics. By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's principle known as the Carnot cycle, he put the theory of heat on a truer and sounder basis... and Ottaviano-Fabrizio Mossotti Ottaviano-Fabrizio Mossotti Ottaviano-Fabrizio Mossotti was an Italian physicist exiled from Italy for his liberal ideas. He later taught astronomy and physics at the University of Buenos Aires. His name is associated with a type of multiple-element lens correcting spherical aberration and coma, but not chromatic... |
| Colebrook equation Colebrook–White equation |
Fluid dynamics Fluid dynamics |
C. F. Colebrook C. F. Colebrook and F. M. White |
| Competitive Lotka–Volterra equations | Population dynamics | Alfred J. Lotka Alfred J. Lotka Alfred James Lotka was a US mathematician, physical chemist, and statistician, famous for his work in population dynamics and energetics. An American biophysicist best known for his proposal of the predator-prey model, developed simultaneously but independently of Vito Volterra... and Vito Volterra Vito Volterra Vito Volterra was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations.... |
| Conformal Killing equation | Topology, Differential geometry | Wilhelm Killing Wilhelm Killing Wilhelm Karl Joseph Killing was a German mathematician who made important contributions to the theories of Lie algebras, Lie groups, and non-Euclidean geometry.... |
| Darcy–Weisbach equation | Fluid dynamics | Henry Darcy Henry Darcy Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy was a French engineer who made several important contributions to hydraulics.-Biography:... and Julius Weisbach Julius Weisbach Julius Ludwig Weisbach was a German mathematician and engineer.-Life and work:... |
| Davey–Stewartson equation Davey–Stewartson equation In fluid dynamics, the Davey–Stewartson equation was introduced in a paper by to describe the evolution of a three-dimensional wave-packet on water of finite depth.... |
Fluid dynamics | A. Davey and K. Stewartson |
| Debye–Hückel equation | Electrochemistry | Peter Debye Peter Debye Peter Joseph William Debye FRS was a Dutch physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.-Early life:... and Erich Hückel Erich Hückel Erich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel was a German physicist and physical chemist. He is known for two major contributions:*The Debye–Hückel theory of electrolytic solutions... |
| Degasperis–Procesi equation | Mathematical physics | Antonio Degasperis and M. Procesi |
| Dehn–Sommerville equations | Geometry | Max Dehn Max Dehn Max Dehn was a German American mathematician and a student of David Hilbert. He is most famous for his work in geometry, topology and geometric group theory... and Duncan Sommerville Duncan MacLaren Young Sommerville Duncan MacLaren Young Sommerville was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer, best known for his work in multidimensional geometry... |
| Diophantine equation Diophantine equation In mathematics, a Diophantine equation is an indeterminate polynomial equation that allows the variables to be integers only. Diophantine problems have fewer equations than unknown variables and involve finding integers that work correctly for all equations... |
Mathematics | Diophantus of Alexandria Diophantus Diophantus of Alexandria , sometimes called "the father of algebra", was an Alexandrian Greek mathematician and the author of a series of books called Arithmetica. These texts deal with solving algebraic equations, many of which are now lost... |
| Dirac equation Dirac equation The Dirac equation is a relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation formulated by British physicist Paul Dirac in 1928. It provided a description of elementary spin-½ particles, such as electrons, consistent with both the principles of quantum mechanics and the theory of special relativity, and... Dirac equation in APS Dirac equation in the algebra of physical space The Dirac equation, as the relativistic equation that describesspin 1/2 particles in quantum mechanics can be written in terms of the Algebra of physical space , which is a case of a Clifford algebra or geometric algebrathat is based in the use of paravectors.... |
Quantum mechanics Quantum field theory |
Paul Dirac Paul Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, OM, FRS was an English theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics... Paul Dirac |
| Doppler equations | Wave mechanics | Christian Doppler Christian Doppler Christian Andreas Doppler was an Austrian mathematician and physicist.-Life and work:Christian Doppler was raised in Salzburg, Austria, the son of a stonemason. Doppler could not work in his father's business because of his generally weak physical condition... |
| Drake equation Drake equation The Drake equation is an equation used to estimate the number of detectable extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy. It is used in the fields of exobiology and the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence... |
Cosmology | Frank Drake Frank Drake Frank Donald Drake PhD is an American astronomer and astrophysicist. He is most notable as one of the pioneers in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, including the founding of SETI, mounting the first observational attempts at detecting extraterrestrial communications in 1961 in Project... |
| Duffing equation | Differential equations | Duffing |
| Dym equation | Wave mechanics | Harry Dym Harry Dym Professor Harry Dym is a mathematician at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. Dym's research interests include operator theory, interpolation theory, and inverse problems.He is notable for discovering the Dym equation.-External links:... |
| Einstein field equations Einstein field equations The Einstein field equations or Einstein's equations are a set of ten equations in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity which describe the fundamental interaction of gravitation as a result of spacetime being curved by matter and energy... |
General relativity | Albert Einstein Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history... |
| Ernst equation Ernst equation In mathematics, the Ernst equation is the non-linear partial differential equation\displaystyle \Re = ^2+^2.It is used to produce exact solutions of Einstein's equations.... |
PDE | Frederick J. Ernst |
| Euler equations (fluid dynamics) Euler's equations (rigid body dynamics) Euler–Bernoulli beam equation Euler–Lagrange equation Euler–Darboux equation Euler–Poisson–Darboux equation Euler–Poisson–Darboux equation The Euler–Poisson–Darboux equation is the partial differential equationThis equation is named for Siméon Poisson, Leonhard Euler, and Gaston Darboux. This equation plays important role in solving the classical wave equation.... Euler–Tricomi equation |
Fluid dynamics Rigid body dynamics Solid mechanics Calculus of variations Calculus Calculus Calculus |
Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist. He made important discoveries in fields as diverse as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion... Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler and Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli was a Dutch-Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and statistics... Leonhard Euler and Joseph Louis Lagrange Joseph Louis Lagrange Joseph-Louis Lagrange , born Giuseppe Lodovico Lagrangia, was a mathematician and astronomer, who was born in Turin, Piedmont, lived part of his life in Prussia and part in France, making significant contributions to all fields of analysis, to number theory, and to classical and celestial mechanics... Leonhard Euler and Jean Darboux Jean Gaston Darboux Jean-Gaston Darboux was a French mathematician.-Life:Darboux made several important contributions to geometry and mathematical analysis . He was a biographer of Henri Poincaré and he edited the Selected Works of Joseph Fourier.Darboux received his Ph.D... Euler, Poisson Siméon Denis Poisson Siméon Denis Poisson , was a French mathematician, geometer, and physicist. He however, was the final leading opponent of the wave theory of light as a member of the elite l'Académie française, but was proven wrong by Augustin-Jean Fresnel.-Biography:... , and Jean Darboux Jean Gaston Darboux Jean-Gaston Darboux was a French mathematician.-Life:Darboux made several important contributions to geometry and mathematical analysis . He was a biographer of Henri Poincaré and he edited the Selected Works of Joseph Fourier.Darboux received his Ph.D... Leonhard Euler and Francesco Tricomi Francesco Tricomi Francesco Giacomo Tricomi was an Italian mathematician famous for his studies on mixed type partial differential equations. He was also the author of a book on integral equations.... |
| Exner equation Exner equation The Exner equation is a statement of conservation of mass that applies to sediment in a fluvial system such as a river. It was developed by the Austrian meteorologist and sedimentologist Felix Maria Exner, from whom it derives its name.-The equation:... |
Geology, Sedimentology | Felix Maria Exner |
| Eyring–Polanyi equation Eyring equation The Eyring equation also known as Eyring–Polanyi equation in chemical kinetics relates the reaction rate to temperature. It was developed almost simultaneously in 1935 by Henry Eyring, M.G. Evans and Michael Polanyi... |
Chemical kinetics | Henry Eyring Henry Eyring Henry Eyring was a Mexican-born American theoretical chemist whose primary contribution was in the study of chemical reaction rates and intermediates.... and Michael Polanyi Michael Polanyi Michael Polanyi, FRS was a Hungarian–British polymath, who made important theoretical contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and the theory of knowledge... |
| Faddeev equations Faddeev equations The Faddeev equations, named after their inventor Ludvig Faddeev, are equations that describe, at once, all the possible exchanges/interactions in a system of three particles in a fully quantum mechanical formulation. They can be solved iteratively.... |
Quantum mechanics | Ludvig Faddeev Ludvig Faddeev -References:... |
| Falkner–Skan equation | Boundary layer flow | V. M. Falkner and S. W. Skan |
| Falkowich–Kármán equation | Transonic flow | Falkowich and Theodore von Kármán Theodore von Karman Theodore von Kármán was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. He is responsible for many key advances in aerodynamics, notably his work on supersonic and hypersonic airflow characterization... |
| Fenske equation Fenske equation The Fenske equation in continuous fractional distillation is an equation used for calculating the minimum number of theoretical plates required for the separation of a binary feed stream by a fractionation column that is being operated at total reflux .The equation was derived by Merrell Fenske in... |
Distillation | Merrell Fenske |
| Fisher equation Fisher equation The Fisher equation in financial mathematics and economics estimates the relationship between nominal and real interest rates under inflation.... |
Financial mathematics | Irving Fisher Irving Fisher Irving Fisher was an American economist, inventor, and health campaigner, and one of the earliest American neoclassical economists, though his later work on debt deflation often regarded as belonging instead to the Post-Keynesian school.Fisher made important contributions to utility theory and... |
| Fisher's equation Fisher's equation In mathematics, Fisher's equation, also known as the Fisher-Kolmogorov equation and the Fisher-KPP equation, named after R. A. Fisher and A. N... |
Mathematics | Ronald Fisher Ronald Fisher Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher FRS was an English statistician, evolutionary biologist, eugenicist and geneticist. Among other things, Fisher is well known for his contributions to statistics by creating Fisher's exact test and Fisher's equation... |
| Fokker–Planck equation | Probability theory | Adriaan Fokker Adriaan Fokker Adriaan Daniël Fokker , was a Dutch physicist and musician.Fokker was born in Buitenzorg, Dutch East Indies ; he was a cousin of the aeronautical engineer Anthony Fokker... and Max Planck Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS, was a German physicist who actualized the quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of the quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.-Life and career:Planck came... |
| Föppl–von Kármán equations Föppl–von Kármán equations The Föppl–von Kármán equations, named after August Föppl and Theodore von Kármán, are a set of nonlinear partial differential equations describing the large deflections of thin flat plates... |
Elasticity | August Föppl August Föppl August Otto Föppl was a professor of Technical Mechanics and Graphical Statics at the Technical University of Munich, Germany... and Theodore von Kármán Theodore von Karman Theodore von Kármán was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. He is responsible for many key advances in aerodynamics, notably his work on supersonic and hypersonic airflow characterization... |
| Fowler–Nordheim equation | Condensed matter physics | Ralph H. Fowler Ralph H. Fowler Sir Ralph Howard Fowler OBE FRS was a British physicist and astronomer.-Education:Fowler was initially educated at home but then attended Evans' preparatory school at Horris Hill and Winchester College... and Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim was a German-born Jewish theoretical physicist... |
| Fredholm integral equation Fredholm integral equation In mathematics, the Fredholm integral equation is an integral equation whose solution gives rise to Fredholm theory, the study of Fredholm kernels and Fredholm operators. The integral equation was studied by Ivar Fredholm.-Equation of the first kind :... |
Integral equations | Erik Fredholm Erik Ivar Fredholm Erik Ivar Fredholm was a Swedish mathematician who established the modern theory of integral equations. His 1903 paper in Acta Mathematica is considered to be one of the major landmarks in the establishment of operator theory.The lunar crater Fredholm is named after him.-List of publications:* E.I... |
| Fresnel equations Fresnel equations The Fresnel equations , deduced by Augustin-Jean Fresnel , describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices... |
Wave optics | Augustin-Jean Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel , was a French engineer who contributed significantly to the establishment of the theory of wave optics. Fresnel studied the behaviour of light both theoretically and experimentally.... |
| Friedmann equations Friedmann equations The Friedmann equations are a set of equations in physical cosmology that govern the expansion of space in homogeneous and isotropic models of the universe within the context of general relativity... |
Cosmology | Alexander Friedman |
| Gauss–Codazzi equations Gauss–Codazzi equations In Riemannian geometry, the Gauss–Codazzi–Mainardi equations are fundamental equations in the theory of embedded hypersurfaces in a Euclidean space, and more generally submanifolds of Riemannian manifolds... Gauss–Codazzi equations (relativity) |
Riemannian geometry General relativity |
Carl Friedrich Gauss Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathematician and scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, electrostatics, astronomy and optics.Sometimes referred to as the Princeps mathematicorum... and Delfino Codazzi Delfino Codazzi Delfino Codazzi was an Italian mathematician. He made some important contributions to the differential geometry of surfaces, such as the Gauss–Codazzi–Mainardi equations.-External links:... Carl Friedrich Gauss and Delfino Codazzi |
| Gibbs–Duhem equation Gibbs–Helmholtz equation |
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics |
Josiah Willard Gibbs Josiah Willard Gibbs Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American theoretical physicist, chemist, and mathematician. He devised much of the theoretical foundation for chemical thermodynamics as well as physical chemistry. As a mathematician, he invented vector analysis . Yale University awarded Gibbs the first American Ph.D... and Pierre Duhem Pierre Duhem Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem was a French physicist, mathematician and philosopher of science, best known for his writings on the indeterminacy of experimental criteria and on scientific development in the Middle Ages... Josiah Willard Gibbs and Hermann von Helmholtz Hermann von Helmholtz Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz was a German physician and physicist who made significant contributions to several widely varied areas of modern science... |
| Ginzburg–Landau equation | Superconductivity | Lev Landau Lev Landau Lev Davidovich Landau was a prominent Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics... and Vitaly Ginzburg Vitaly Ginzburg Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg ForMemRS was a Soviet theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, Nobel laureate, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and one of the fathers of Soviet hydrogen bomb... |
| Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz flux equation Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz voltage equation |
Electrochemistry Electrochemistry |
David E. Goldman David E. Goldman David E. Goldman was a scientist famous for the Goldman equation which he derived for his doctorate degree at Columbia University.... , Alan Hodgkin Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, OM, KBE, PRS was a British physiologist and biophysicist, who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Huxley and John Eccles.... , and Bernard Katz Bernard Katz Sir Bernard Katz, FRS was a German-born biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve biochemistry. He shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1970 with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler... David E. Goldman, Alan Hodgkin, and Bernard Katz |
| Grad–Shafranov equation | Magnetohydrodynamics, Plasma physics | H. Grad and Vitaly D. Shafranov |
| Green–Kubo relations | Statistical mechanics | M. S. Green and Ryogo Kubo Ryogo Kubo was a Japanese mathematical physicist, best known for his works in statistical physics and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.In the early 1950s, Kubo transformed research into the linear response properties of near-equilibrium condensed-matter systems, in particular the understanding of... |
| Gross–Pitaevskii equation | Condensed matter physics | E. P. Gross and Lev P. Pitaevskii |
| Haaland equation | Fluid dynamics | S. E. Haaland |
| Hadamard–Rybczynski equation | Bubble dynamics | Jacques Hadamard Jacques Hadamard Jacques Salomon Hadamard FRS was a French mathematician who made major contributions in number theory, complex function theory, differential geometry and partial differential equations.-Biography:... and Witold Rybczyński Witold Rybczynski Witold Rybczynski , is a Canadian-American architect, professor and writer.Rybczynski was born in Edinburgh of Polish parentage and raised in Surrey, England before moving at a young age to Canada. He attended Loyola High School , located on Sherbrooke street, in Montreal-Ouest... |
| Hamilton–Jacobi equation Hamilton–Jacobi equation In mathematics, the Hamilton–Jacobi equation is a necessary condition describing extremal geometry in generalizations of problems from the calculus of variations. In physics, the Hamilton–Jacobi equation is a reformulation of classical mechanics and, thus, equivalent to other formulations such as... Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation |
Hamiltonian mechanics Optimal control |
William Hamilton William Rowan Hamilton Sir William Rowan Hamilton was an Irish physicist, astronomer, and mathematician, who made important contributions to classical mechanics, optics, and algebra. His studies of mechanical and optical systems led him to discover new mathematical concepts and techniques... and Carl Gustav Jacobi William Hamilton, Carl Gustav Jacobi, and Richard Bellman Richard Bellman Richard Ernest Bellman was an American applied mathematician, celebrated for his invention of dynamic programming in 1953, and important contributions in other fields of mathematics.-Biography:... |
| Hammett equation Hammett equation The Hammett equation in organic chemistry describes a linear free-energy relationship relating reaction rates and equilibrium constants for many reactions involving benzoic acid derivatives with meta- and para-substituents to each other with just two parameters: a substituent constant and a... |
Organic Chemistry | Louis Plack Hammett Louis Plack Hammett Louis Plack Hammett was an American physical chemist. He is known for the Hammett equation, which relates reaction rates to equilibrium constants for certain classes of organic reactions involving substituted aromatic compounds... |
| Hankinson's equation Hankinson's equation Hankinson's equation is a mathematical relationship for predicting the off-axis uniaxial compressive strength of wood. The formula can also be used to compute the fiber stress or the stress wave velocity at the elastic limit as a function of grain angle in wood... |
Wood science | Hankinson Hankinson's equation Hankinson's equation is a mathematical relationship for predicting the off-axis uniaxial compressive strength of wood. The formula can also be used to compute the fiber stress or the stress wave velocity at the elastic limit as a function of grain angle in wood... |
| Hartree equation | Atomic physics | Douglas Hartree Douglas Hartree Douglas Rayner Hartree PhD, FRS was an English mathematician and physicist most famous for the development of numerical analysis and its application to the Hartree-Fock equations of atomic physics and the construction of the meccano differential analyser.-Early life:Douglas Hartree was born in... |
| Hartree–Fock equation | Quantum Chemistry | Douglas Hartree Douglas Hartree Douglas Rayner Hartree PhD, FRS was an English mathematician and physicist most famous for the development of numerical analysis and its application to the Hartree-Fock equations of atomic physics and the construction of the meccano differential analyser.-Early life:Douglas Hartree was born in... and Vladimir Fock Vladimir Fock Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock was a Soviet physicist, who did foundational work on quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics.... |
| Hasegawa–Mima equation | Plasma physics | Akira Hasegawa and Kunioki Mima |
| Hazen–Williams equation | Hydraulics, Irrigation | Hazen and Williams |
| Helmholtz equation Helmholtz equation The Helmholtz equation, named for Hermann von Helmholtz, is the elliptic partial differential equation\nabla^2 A + k^2 A = 0where ∇2 is the Laplacian, k is the wavenumber, and A is the amplitude.-Motivation and uses:... |
Electromagnetic radiation, Seismology, Acoustics | Hermann von Helmholtz Hermann von Helmholtz Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz was a German physician and physicist who made significant contributions to several widely varied areas of modern science... |
| Henderson–Hasselbalch equation | Chemistry | Lawrence Joseph Henderson Lawrence Joseph Henderson Lawrence Joseph Henderson was a physiologist, chemist, biologist, philosopher, and sociologist. He became one of the leading biochemists of the first decades of the 20th century.Lawrence Henderson graduated from Harvard College in 1898 and from Harvard Medical School in 1902, receiving the M. D... and Karl Albert Hasselbalch Karl Albert Hasselbalch Karl Albert Hasselbalch was a physician and chemist. He was a pioneer in the use of pH measurement in medicine , and he described how the affinity of blood for oxygen was dependent on the concentration of carbon dioxide. He was also first to determine the pH of blood... |
| Heun's equation Heun's equation In mathematics, the local Heun function Hℓ is the solution of Heun's differential equation that is holomorphic and 1 at the singular point z = 0... |
Calculus | Karl L. W. M. Heun |
| Hill equation (biochemistry) | Biochemistry | Archibald Vivian Hill |
| Hill differential equation | Orbital Mechanics | George William Hill George William Hill George William Hill , was an American astronomer and mathematician.Hill was born in New York City, New York to painter and engraver John William Hill. and Catherine Smith Hill. He moved to West Nyack with his family when he was eight years old. After attending high school, Hill graduated from... |
| Hugoniot equation | Compressible flows | Pierre Henri Hugoniot Pierre Henri Hugoniot Pierre-Henri Hugoniot who mostly lived in Montbéliard, . He was an inventor, mathematician, and physicist who worked on fluid mechanics, especially on issues related to material shock.After going into the marine artillery upon his graduation from the École Polytechnique in 1872, Hugoniot became... |
| Hunter–Saxton equation | Liquid crystals | John K. Hunter and Ralph Saxton |
| Hunter–Zheng equation | PDE | John K. Hunter and Yuxi Zheng |
| Ishimori equation Ishimori equation The Ishimori equation is a partial differential equation proposed by the Japanese mathematician . Its interest is as the first example of a nonlinear spin-one field model in the plane that is integrable .-Equation:The IE has the form... |
PDE | Y. Ishimori |
| John's equation John's equation John's equation is an ultrahyperbolic partial differential equation satisfied by the X-ray transform of a function. It is named after Fritz John.... |
Calculus | Fritz John Fritz John Fritz John was a German-born mathematician specialising in partial differential equations and ill-posed problems. His early work was on the Radon transform and he is remembered for John's equation.-Biography:... |
| Johnson–Holmquist equation of state | Ceramic science | Johnson Holmquist |
| Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Burgers equation |
Wave mechanics Wave mechanics |
B. B. Kadomtsev and V. I. Petviashvili B. B. Kadomtsev, V. I. Petviashvili, and J. M. Burgers Johannes Martinus Burgers -External links:* A.J.Q. Alkemade, , in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland. * , biography at the University of Maryland* * at the University of Maryland*... |
| Kapustinskii equation Kapustinskii equation The Kapustinskii equation calculates the Lattice Energy UL for an ionic crystal, which is experimentally difficult to determine. It is named after Anatoli Fedorovich Kapustinskii who published the formula in 1956.... |
Crystallography | Anatoli Kapustinskii |
| Kármán–Howarth equation | Turbulent flow | Theodore von Kármán Theodore von Karman Theodore von Kármán was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. He is responsible for many key advances in aerodynamics, notably his work on supersonic and hypersonic airflow characterization... and L. Howarth |
| Karplus equation Karplus equation The Karplus equation, named after Martin Karplus, describes the correlation between 3J-coupling constants and dihedral torsion angles in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy:J = A \cos^2 \phi + B \cos\,\phi + C... |
Nuclear magnetic resonance | Martin Karplus Martin Karplus Martin Karplus is an Austrian-born American theoretical chemist. He has been Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry at Harvard University since 1979... |
| Kaup–Kupershmidt equation | Wave mechanics | D. J. Kaup and B. A. Kupershmidt |
| Kepler's equation Kepler's equation Kepler's equation is M = E -\epsilon \cdot \sin E ,where M is the mean anomaly, E is the eccentric anomaly, and \displaystyle \epsilon is the eccentricity.... |
Astronomy | Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican... |
| Klein–Gordon equation | Quantum field theory | Oskar Klein Oskar Klein Oskar Benjamin Klein was a Swedish theoretical physicist.Klein was born in Danderyd outside Stockholm, son of the chief rabbi of Stockholm, Dr. Gottlieb Klein from Homonna in Hungary and Antonie Levy... and Walter Gordon Walter Gordon (physicist) Walter Gordon was a German theoretical physicist.-Life:Walter Gordon was the son of businessman Arnold Gordon and his wife Bianca Gordon . The family moved to Switzerland in his early years. In 1900 he attended school in St. Gallen and in 1915 he began his studies of mathematics and physics at... |
| Kohn–Sham equations | Mathematics | Walter Kohn Walter Kohn Walter Kohn is an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist.He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1998. The award recognized their contributions to the understandings of the electronic properties of materials... and Lu Jeu Sham |
| Kolmogorov backward equation Kolmogorov backward equation The Kolmogorov backward equation and its adjoint sometimes known as the Kolmogorov forward equation are partial differential equations that arise in the theory of continuous-time continuous-state Markov processes. Both were published by Andrey Kolmogorov in 1931... |
Probability distribution | Andrey Kolmogorov Andrey Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov was a Soviet mathematician, preeminent in the 20th century, who advanced various scientific fields, among them probability theory, topology, intuitionistic logic, turbulence, classical mechanics and computational complexity.-Early life:Kolmogorov was born at Tambov... |
| Kolmogorov–Feller equation | Probabilistic models | Andrey Kolmogorov Andrey Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov was a Soviet mathematician, preeminent in the 20th century, who advanced various scientific fields, among them probability theory, topology, intuitionistic logic, turbulence, classical mechanics and computational complexity.-Early life:Kolmogorov was born at Tambov... and William Feller William Feller William Feller born Vilibald Srećko Feller , was a Croatian-American mathematician specializing in probability theory.-Early life and education:... |
| Korteweg–de Vries equation Korteweg–de Vries equation In mathematics, the Korteweg–de Vries equation is a mathematical model of waves on shallow water surfaces. It is particularly notable as the prototypical example of an exactly solvable model, that is, a non-linear partial differential equation whose solutions can be exactly and precisely specified... |
Wave mechanics, Solitons | Diederik Korteweg Diederik Korteweg Diederik Johannes Korteweg was a Dutch mathematician. He is now remembered as the joint discoverer of the Korteweg–de Vries equation.-Early life and education:... and Gustav de Vries Gustav de Vries Gustav de Vries was a Dutch mathematician, who is best remembered for his work on the Korteweg–de Vries equation with Diederik Korteweg. He was born on 22 January 1866 in Amsterdam, and studied at the University of Amsterdam with the distinguished physical chemist Johannes van der Waals and with... |
| Kozeny–Carman equation | Fluid dynamics, Unit operations | Josef Kozeny Josef Kozeny Josef Kozeny was an Austrian physicist . Today he is mainly remembered for Kozeny–Carman equation of a fluid flowing through a packed bed of solids.-Further reading:... and Philip C. Carman |
| Krichever–Novikov equation | Lie algebra | I. M. Krichever and Sergei Novikov |
| Laguerre's equation Laguerre polynomials In mathematics, the Laguerre polynomials, named after Edmond Laguerre ,are the canonical solutions of Laguerre's equation:x\,y + \,y' + n\,y = 0\,which is a second-order linear differential equation.... |
Differential equation | Edmond Laguerre Edmond Laguerre Edmond Nicolas Laguerre was a French mathematician, a member of the Académie française . His main works were in the areas of geometry and complex analysis. He also investigated orthogonal polynomials... |
| Lamm equation Lamm equation The Lamm equation describes the sedimentation and diffusion of a solute under ultracentrifugation in traditional sector-shaped cells. It was named after Ole Lamm, later professor of physical chemistry at the Royal Institute of Technology, who derived it during his Ph.D... |
Sedimentation theory | O. Lamm |
| Landau–Lifshitz equation | Aeroacoustics | Lev Landau Lev Landau Lev Davidovich Landau was a prominent Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics... and Evgeny Lifshitz Evgeny Lifshitz Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz was a leading Soviet physicist of Jewish origin and the brother of physicist Ilya Mikhailovich Lifshitz. Lifshitz is well known in general relativity for coauthoring the BKL conjecture concerning the nature of a generic curvature... |
| Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation In physics, the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation , named for Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz and T. L. Gilbert, is a name used for a differential equation describing the precessional motion of magnetization M in a solid... |
Magnetization | Lev Landau Lev Landau Lev Davidovich Landau was a prominent Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics... , Evgeny Lifshitz Evgeny Lifshitz Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz was a leading Soviet physicist of Jewish origin and the brother of physicist Ilya Mikhailovich Lifshitz. Lifshitz is well known in general relativity for coauthoring the BKL conjecture concerning the nature of a generic curvature... , and T. L. Gilbert |
| Lane–Emden equation | Astrophysics | Jonathan Homer Lane Jonathan Homer Lane Jonathan Homer Lane was an American astrophysicist and inventor.His education was at the Phillips Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University in 1846. He worked for the U.S. Patent Office, and became a principal examiner in 1851... and Robert Emden Robert Emden Jacob Robert Emden was a Swiss astrophysicist and meteorologist. He was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland. In 1907 he became associate professor of physics and meteorology at the Technical University of Munich... |
| Langevin equation Langevin equation In statistical physics, a Langevin equation is a stochastic differential equation describing the time evolution of a subset of the degrees of freedom. These degrees of freedom typically are collective variables changing only slowly in comparison to the other variables of the system... |
Statistical physics | Paul Langevin Paul Langevin Paul Langevin was a prominent French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an antifascist organization created in the wake of the 6 February 1934 far right riots... |
| Laplace's equation Laplace's equation In mathematics, Laplace's equation is a second-order partial differential equation named after Pierre-Simon Laplace who first studied its properties. This is often written as:where ∆ = ∇² is the Laplace operator and \varphi is a scalar function... Laplace's tidal equations |
Electromagnetism, Fluid dynamics Fluid dynamics |
Pierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace was a French mathematician and astronomer whose work was pivotal to the development of mathematical astronomy and statistics. He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five volume Mécanique Céleste... Pierre-Simon Laplace |
| Legendre's equation | Spherical harmonics | Adrien-Marie Legendre Adrien-Marie Legendre Adrien-Marie Legendre was a French mathematician.The Moon crater Legendre is named after him.- Life :... |
| Leonard–Merritt formula | Astrophysics | Peter Leonard and David Merritt David Merritt David Merritt is an American astrophysicist and professor at the Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York. He received his PhD in Astrophysical Sciences from Princeton University and held postdoctoral positions at the University of California, Berkeley and the Canadian Institute... |
| Levy–Mises equations | Solid mechanics | Paul Pierre Lévy Paul Pierre Lévy Paul Pierre Lévy was a Jewish French mathematician who was active especially in probability theory, introducing martingales and Lévy flights... and Richard von Mises |
| Liénard equation | Dynamical systems | Alfred-Marie Liénard Alfred-Marie Liénard Alfred-Marie Liénard , was a French physicist and engineer. He is most well known for his invention of the Liénard–Wiechert potentials.... |
| Lighthill equation | Aeroacoustics | James Lighthill James Lighthill Sir Michael James Lighthill, FRS was a British applied mathematician, known for his pioneering work in the field of aeroacoustics.-Biography:... |
| Lindblad equation Lindblad equation In quantum mechanics, the Kossakowski–Lindblad equation or master equation in the Lindblad form is the most general type of markovian and time-homogeneous master equation describing non-unitary evolution of the density matrix \rho that is trace preserving and completely positive for any initial... |
Quantum mechanics | G. Lindblad |
| Lin–Tsien equation | PDE | Lin and Tsien |
| Lindley equation Lindley equation In probability theory, the Lindley equation, Lindley recursion or Lindley processes is a discrete time stochastic process An where n takes integer values and... |
Queueing theory | Dennis Lindley Dennis Lindley Dennis Victor Lindley is a British statistician, decision theorist and leading advocate of Bayesian statistics.Dennis Lindley grew up in the south-west London suburb of Surbiton. He was an only child and his father was a local building contractor... |
| Liouville equations | Differential geometry | Joseph Liouville Joseph Liouville - Life and work :Liouville graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1827. After some years as an assistant at various institutions including the Ecole Centrale Paris, he was appointed as professor at the École Polytechnique in 1838... |
| Lommel differential equation | Calculus | Eugen von Lommel Eugen von Lommel Eugen Cornelius Joseph von Lommel was a German physicist. He is notable for the Lommel polynomial, the Lommel function, the Lommel–Weber function, and the Lommel differential equation... |
| Lorentz equation | Electromagnetism | Hendrik Lorentz Hendrik Lorentz Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect... |
| Lorentz–Lorenz equation | Optics | Hendrik Lorentz Hendrik Lorentz Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect... and Ludvig Lorenz |
| Lotka–Volterra equation | Biological systems | Alfred J. Lotka Alfred J. Lotka Alfred James Lotka was a US mathematician, physical chemist, and statistician, famous for his work in population dynamics and energetics. An American biophysicist best known for his proposal of the predator-prey model, developed simultaneously but independently of Vito Volterra... and Vito Volterra Vito Volterra Vito Volterra was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations.... |
| Lyapunov equation | Control theory | Aleksandr Lyapunov Aleksandr Lyapunov Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. His surname is sometimes romanized as Ljapunov, Liapunov or Ljapunow.... |
| Madelung equations Madelung equations The Madelung equations are Erwin Madelung's alternative formulation of the Schrödinger equation.-Equations:The Madelung equations are quantum Euler equations:\partial_t \rho+\nabla\cdot=0,... |
Quantum mechanics | Erwin Madelung Erwin Madelung Erwin Madelung was a German physicist.He was born in 1881 in Bonn. His father was the surgeon Otto Wilhelm Madelung. He earned a doctorate in 1905 from the University of Göttingen, specializing in crystal structure, and eventually became a professor... |
| Majorana equation | Quantum field theory | Ettore Majorana Ettore Majorana Ettore Majorana was an Italian theoretical physicist who began work on neutrino masses. He disappeared suddenly in mysterious circumstances. He is noted for the eponymous Majorana equation and for Majorana fermions.-Gifted in mathematics:Majorana was born in Catania, Sicily... |
| Manakov equation Manakov system Maxwell's Equations, when converted to cylindrical coordinates, and with the boundary conditions for an optical fiber while including birefringence as an effect taken into account, will yield the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations... |
Wave mechanics, Fiber optics | S. V. Manakov |
| Marchenko equation Marchenko equation In mathematical physics, the Marchenko equation is a solution of the inverse scattering problem, when the energy of the input particle is a variable, and the impact parameter b is constant.The main equation is:... |
Scattering theory | Vladimir Marchenko Vladimir Marchenko Vladimir Marchenko is a Ukrainian mathematician who specializes in mathematical physics, in particular in the analysis of the Sturm–Liouville operators. He introduced one of the approaches to the inverse problem for Sturm–Liouville operators... |
| Mark–Houwink equation | Polymer chemistry | Herman Francis Mark Herman Francis Mark Herman Francis Mark was an Austrian-American chemist regarded for his contributions to the development of polymer science. Mark's x-ray diffraction work on the molecular structure of fibers provided important evidence for the macromolecular theory of polymer structure... and Houwink |
| Mason equation Mason equation The Mason equation is an approximate analytical expression for the growth or evaporation of a water droplet—it is due to the meteorologist B. J. Mason... |
Atmospheric thermodynamics | Basil John Mason Basil John Mason Sir John Mason, CB, FRCP, FRCPEd, FRFPS, FRS is an expert on cloud physics and former Director of the UK Meteorological Office.His work includes the Mason Equation, giving the growth or evaporation of small water droplets... |
| Mason–Weaver equation | Sedimentation theory | Max Mason Max Mason Charles Max Mason was an American mathematician... and Warren Weaver Warren Weaver Warren Weaver was an American scientist, mathematician, and science administrator... |
| Mathieu equation | Periodic phenemena, Parametric resonance | Émile Léonard Mathieu Émile Léonard Mathieu Émile Léonard Mathieu was a French mathematician. He is most famous for his work in group theory and mathematical physics. He has given his name to the Mathieu functions, Mathieu groups and Mathieu transformation... |
| Mathisson–Papapetrou–Dixon equations | General relativity, Gravitational waves | Mathisson, A. Papapetrou, and G. W. Dixon |
| Maurer–Cartan equation | Lie groups, Differential geometry | Ludwig Maurer Ludwig Maurer Ludwig Maurer was a German mathematician professor on the Tübingen University. He was the eldest son of Konrad von Maurer and Valerie von Faulhaber . His 1887 dissertation at the University of Strassburg was on the theory of linear substitutions, known today as matrix groups... and Élie Joseph Cartan Élie Cartan Élie Joseph Cartan was an influential French mathematician, who did fundamental work in the theory of Lie groups and their geometric applications... |
| Maxwell's equations Maxwell's equations Maxwell's equations are a set of partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electrodynamics, classical optics, and electric circuits. These fields in turn underlie modern electrical and communications technologies.Maxwell's equations... Maxwell Relations Maxwell relations Maxwell's relations are a set of equations in thermodynamics which are derivable from the definitions of the thermodynamic potentials. The Maxwell relations are statements of equality among the second derivatives of the thermodynamic potentials. They follow directly from the fact that the order of... |
Electrodynamics Thermodynamics |
James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell of Glenlair was a Scottish physicist and mathematician. His most prominent achievement was formulating classical electromagnetic theory. This united all previously unrelated observations, experiments and equations of electricity, magnetism and optics into a consistent theory... James Clerk Maxwell |
| Mayo–Lewis equation | Polymer chemistry | Frank R. Mayo and Frederick M. Lewis |
| Michaelis–Menten equation | Chemical kinetics | Leonor Michaelis Leonor Michaelis Leonor Michaelis was a German biochemist, physical chemist, and physician, known primarily for his work with Maud Menten on enzyme kinetics and Michaelis-Menten kinetics in 1913.-Early life and education:... and Maud Menten Maud Menten Maud Leonora Menten was a Canadian medical scientist who made significant contributions to enzyme kinetics and histochemistry. Her name is associated with the famous Michaelis-Menten equation in biochemistry.Maud Menten was born in Port Lambton, Ontario and studied medicine at the University of... |
| Monge–Ampère equation | Calculus | Gaspard Monge Gaspard Monge Gaspard Monge, Comte de Péluse was a French mathematician, revolutionary, and was inventor of descriptive geometry. During the French Revolution, he was involved in the complete reorganization of the educational system, founding the École Polytechnique... and André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère was a French physicist and mathematician who is generally regarded as one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism. The SI unit of measurement of electric current, the ampere, is named after him.... |
| Morison equation Morison equation In fluid dynamics the Morison equation is a semi-empirical equation for the inline force on a body in oscillatory flow. It is sometimes called the MOJS equation after all four authors—Morison, O'Brien, Johnson and Schaaf—of the 1950 paper in which the equation was introduced... |
Fluid dynamics | J. R. Morison |
| Nahm equations Nahm equations The Nahm equations are a system of ordinary differential equations introduced by Werner Nahm in the context of the Nahm transform – an alternative to Ward's twistor construction of monopoles... |
Differential equations | Werner Nahm |
| Navier–Stokes equations | Fluid dynamics | Claude-Louis Navier Claude-Louis Navier Claude-Louis Navier born Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier , was a French engineer and physicist who specialized in mechanics.The Navier–Stokes equations are named after him and George Gabriel Stokes.... and George Gabriel Stokes George Gabriel Stokes Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet FRS , was an Irish mathematician and physicist, who at Cambridge made important contributions to fluid dynamics , optics, and mathematical physics... |
| Nernst equation Nernst equation In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is an equation that can be used to determine the equilibrium reduction potential of a half-cell in an electrochemical cell. It can also be used to determine the total voltage for a full electrochemical cell... |
Electrochemistry | Walther Nernst Walther Nernst Walther Hermann Nernst FRS was a German physical chemist and physicist who is known for his theories behind the calculation of chemical affinity as embodied in the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in chemistry... |
| Neugebauer equations Neugebauer equations A set of equations used to model printing systems, developed by Hans E. J. Neugebauer They were intended to predict the color produced by a combination of halftones printed in cyan, magenta, and yellow inks.-External links:* "..... |
Printing systems | Hans E. J. Neugebauer Hans E. J. Neugebauer Hans E. J. Neugebauer was a German-born physicist and imaging scientist who later lived in the United States and Canada.In his 1935 dissertation, he developed the Neugebauer equations, which have served as the basis for more accurate models for the prediction of color produced by... |
| Newton–Euler equations | Classical mechanics | Isaac Newton Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived."... and Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist. He made important discoveries in fields as diverse as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion... |
| Nonlinear Schrödinger equation Nonlinear Schrödinger equation In theoretical physics, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is a nonlinear version of Schrödinger's equation. It is a classical field equation with applications to optics and water waves. Unlike the Schrödinger equation, it never describes the time evolution of a quantum state... |
Theoretical physics | Erwin Schrödinger Erwin Schrödinger Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger was an Austrian physicist and theoretical biologist who was one of the fathers of quantum mechanics, and is famed for a number of important contributions to physics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933... |
| Ornstein–Zernike equation Ornstein–Zernike equation In statistical mechanics the Ornstein–Zernike equation is an integral equation for defining the direct correlation function. It basically describes how the correlation between two molecules can be calculated... |
Statistical mechanics | Leonard Ornstein Leonard Ornstein Leonard Salomon Ornstein was a Dutch physicist. He studied theoretical physics with Hendrik Antoon Lorentz at University of Leiden. He subsequently carried out Ph.D. research under the supervision of Lorentz, concerning an application of the statistical mechanics of Gibbs to molecular problems... and Frits Zernike Frits Zernike Frits Zernike was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the cells.... |
| Painlevé equations | Differential equations | Paul Painlevé Paul Painlevé Paul Painlevé was a French mathematician and politician. He served twice as Prime Minister of the Third Republic: 12 September – 13 November 1917 and 17 April – 22 November 1925.-Early life:Painlevé was born in Paris.... |
| Orr–Sommerfeld equation | Fluid dynamics, Stability analysis | William McFadden Orr William McFadden Orr William McFadden Orr, FRS was a British and Irish mathematician.He was born in Comber, County Down and educated at Methodist College Belfast and Queen's College, Belfast before entering St John's College, Cambridge and graduating as Senior Wrangler in 1888... and Arnold Sommerfeld Arnold Sommerfeld Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and groomed a large number of students for the new era of theoretical physics... |
| Osipkov–Merritt model | Astrophysics | Leonid Osipkov and David Merritt David Merritt David Merritt is an American astrophysicist and professor at the Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York. He received his PhD in Astrophysical Sciences from Princeton University and held postdoctoral positions at the University of California, Berkeley and the Canadian Institute... |
| Papapetrou–Dixon equations | General relativity, Gravitational waves | A. Papapetrou and G. W. Dixon |
| Pauli equation Pauli equation The Pauli equation, also known as the Schrödinger–Pauli equation, is the formulation of the Schrödinger equation for spin- particles which takes into account the interaction of the particle's spin with the electromagnetic field... |
Quantum mechanics | Wolfgang Pauli Wolfgang Pauli Wolfgang Ernst Pauli was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics. In 1945, after being nominated by Albert Einstein, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "decisive contribution through his discovery of a new law of Nature, the exclusion principle or... |
| Pell's equation Pell's equation Pell's equation is any Diophantine equation of the formx^2-ny^2=1\,where n is a nonsquare integer. The word Diophantine means that integer values of x and y are sought. Trivially, x = 1 and y = 0 always solve this equation... |
Number theory | John Pell John Pell -Early life:He was born at Southwick in Sussex. He was educated at Steyning Grammar School, and entered Trinity College, Cambridge, at the age of thirteen. During his university career he became an accomplished linguist, and even before he took his B.A. degree corresponded with Henry Briggs and... |
| Penman equation Penman equation The Penman equation describes evaporation from an open water surface, and was developed by Howard Penman in 1948. Penman's equation requires daily mean temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and solar radiation to predict E... Penman–Monteith equation Penman-Monteith Like the Penman equation, the Penman–Monteith equation predicts net evapotranspiration, requiring as input daily mean temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and solar radiation... |
Agronomy Agronomy |
Howard Penman Howard Penman and J. L. Monteith |
| Picard–Fuchs equation | Calculus | Charles Émile Picard Charles Émile Picard Charles Émile Picard FRS was a French mathematician. He was elected the fifteenth member to occupy seat 1 of the Académie Française in 1924.- Biography :... and Lazarus Fuchs Lazarus Fuchs Lazarus Immanuel Fuchs was a German mathematician who contributed important research in the field of linear differential equations... |
| Poisson's equation Poisson's equation In mathematics, Poisson's equation is a partial differential equation of elliptic type with broad utility in electrostatics, mechanical engineering and theoretical physics... Poisson–de Rham equation |
Calculus Astrophysics |
Siméon Denis Poisson Siméon Denis Poisson Siméon Denis Poisson , was a French mathematician, geometer, and physicist. He however, was the final leading opponent of the wave theory of light as a member of the elite l'Académie française, but was proven wrong by Augustin-Jean Fresnel.-Biography:... Siméon Denis Poisson and Georges de Rham Georges de Rham Georges de Rham was a Swiss mathematician, known for his contributions to differential topology.He studied at the University of Lausanne and then in Paris for a doctorate, becoming a lecturer in Lausanne in 1931; where he held positions until retirement in 1971; he held positions in Geneva in... |
| Pople—Nesbet equations | Quantum Chemistry | John Pople John Pople Sir John Anthony Pople, KBE, FRS, was a Nobel-Prize winning theoretical chemist. Born in Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England, he attended Bristol Grammar School. He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1943. He received his B. A. in 1946. Between 1945 and 1947 he worked at the Bristol... and R. K. Nesbet |
| Prandtl–Glauert equation | Compressible flows | Ludwig Prandtl and Hermann Glauert Hermann Glauert Hermann Glauert, FRS was a British aerodynamicist and Principal Scientific Officer of the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough until December 1934.... |
| Price equation Price equation The Price equation is a covariance equation which is a mathematical description of evolution and natural selection. The Price equation was derived by George R. Price, working in London to re-derive W.D. Hamilton's work on kin selection... |
Evolutionary dynamics, Evolutionary biology | George R. Price George R. Price George Robert Price was an American population geneticist. Originally a physical chemist and later a science journalist, he moved to London in 1967, where he worked in theoretical biology at the Galton Laboratory, making three important contributions: first, rederiving W.D... |
| Prony equation Prony equation The Prony equation is a historically important equation in hydraulics, used to calculate the head loss due to friction within a given run of pipe... |
Hydraulics | Gaspard de Prony Gaspard de Prony Gaspard Clair François Marie Riche de Prony was a French mathematician and engineer, who worked on hydraulics. He was born at Chamelet, Beaujolais, France and died in Asnières-sur-Seine, France.-Education and early works:... |
| Rabinovich–Fabrikant equations | Chaotic systems | M. I. Rabinovich and A. L. Fabrikant |
| Ramanujan–Nagell equation | Number theory | Srinivasa Ramanujan Srinivasa Ramanujan Srīnivāsa Aiyangār Rāmānujan FRS, better known as Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanujan was a Indian mathematician and autodidact who, with almost no formal training in pure mathematics, made extraordinary contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series and continued fractions... and Trygve Nagell Trygve Nagell Trygve Nagell was a Norwegian mathematician, known for his works on the Diophantine equations within number theory. He received his doctorate at the University of Oslo in 1926, and lectured at the University until 1931. He was a professor at the University of Uppsala from 1931 to 1962. Nagell was... |
| Rankine–Hugoniot equation | Compressible flows | William Rankine William John Macquorn Rankine William John Macquorn Rankine was a Scottish civil engineer, physicist and mathematician. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson , to the science of thermodynamics.... and Pierre Henri Hugoniot Pierre Henri Hugoniot Pierre-Henri Hugoniot who mostly lived in Montbéliard, . He was an inventor, mathematician, and physicist who worked on fluid mechanics, especially on issues related to material shock.After going into the marine artillery upon his graduation from the École Polytechnique in 1872, Hugoniot became... |
| Rarita–Schwinger equation | Quantum electrodynamics | William Rarita William Rarita William Rarita was an American theoretical physicist who mainly worked on nuclear physics, particle physics and relativistic quantum mechanics. He is particularly famous for the formulation of Rarita-Schwinger equation. His famous formula is applicable to spin 3/2 particles as opposed to spin 1/2... and Julian Schwinger Julian Schwinger Julian Seymour Schwinger was an American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics, in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order.Schwinger is recognized as one of the... |
| Raychaudhuri equation Raychaudhuri equation In general relativity, the Raychaudhuri equation, or Landau-Raychaudhuri equation, is a fundamental result describing the motion of nearby bits of matter.... |
General relativity | Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri was a leading physicist well known for his contributions to relativistic cosmology, particularly Raychaudhuri's equation, which is a key ingredient in proving the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems of general relativity... |
| Rayleigh's equation Rayleigh–Pitot equation Rayleigh–Plesset equation |
Stability of inviscid flows Gasdynamics Bubble oscillation |
Lord Rayleigh John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM was an English physicist who, with William Ramsay, discovered the element argon, an achievement for which he earned the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904... Lord Rayleigh and Henri Pitot Henri Pitot Henri Pitot was a French hydraulic engineer and the inventor of the Pitot tube.He became interested in studying the flow of water at various depths and was responsible for disproving the prevailing belief that speed of water increases with depth.In a Pitot tube the height of the fluid column is... Lord Rayleigh and Milton S. Plesset Milton S. Plesset Milton Spinoza Plesset was an American applied physicist who worked in the field of fluid mechanics and nuclear energy. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1979 for his fundamental contributions to multiphase flows, bubble dynamics, and safety of nuclear reactors... |
| Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations | Turbulent flows | Osborne Reynolds Osborne Reynolds Osborne Reynolds FRS was a prominent innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design.-Life:... , Claude-Louis Navier Claude-Louis Navier Claude-Louis Navier born Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier , was a French engineer and physicist who specialized in mechanics.The Navier–Stokes equations are named after him and George Gabriel Stokes.... , and George Stokes George Gabriel Stokes Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet FRS , was an Irish mathematician and physicist, who at Cambridge made important contributions to fluid dynamics , optics, and mathematical physics... |
| Relativistic Euler equations Relativistic Euler equations In fluid mechanics and astrophysics, the relativistic Euler equations are a generalization of the Euler equations that account for the effects of special relativity.... |
Astrophysics, Fluid dynamics | Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist. He made important discoveries in fields as diverse as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion... |
| Riccati equation Riccati equation In mathematics, a Riccati equation is any ordinary differential equation that is quadratic in the unknown function. In other words, it is an equation of the form y' = q_0 + q_1 \, y + q_2 \, y^2... |
Calculus | Jacopo Riccati Jacopo Riccati Jacopo Francesco Riccati was an Italian mathematician, born in Venice. He is now remembered for the Riccati equation. He died in Treviso in 1754.-Education:... |
| Richards equation Richards equation The Richards equation represents the movement of water in unsaturated soils, and was formulated by Lorenzo A. Richards in 1931 . It is a non-linear partial differential equation, which is often difficult to approximate since it does not have a closed-form analytical solution.Darcy's law was... |
Hydrology | Lorenzo Richards Lorenzo A. Richards Lorenzo Adolph Richards or known as Ren was one of the 20th century’s most influential minds in the field of soil physics. Richards was born on April 24, 1904, in the town of Fielding, Utah, and received a B.S. and M.A. degree in Physics from Utah State University... |
| Riemann theta function Riemann zeta function Riemann's differential equation Riemann's differential equation In mathematics, Riemann's differential equation, named after Bernhard Riemann, is a generalization of the hypergeometric differential equation, allowing the regular singular points to occur anywhere on the Riemann sphere, rather than merely at 0,1, and ∞.... |
Special functions Number theory Differential equation |
Bernhard Riemann Bernhard Riemann Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann was an influential German mathematician who made lasting contributions to analysis and differential geometry, some of them enabling the later development of general relativity.... Bernhard Riemann Bernhard Riemann |
| Rodrigues equation Rodrigues equation The Rodrigues equation is an equation used in chromatography to describe the efficiency of a bed of permeable particles. It is thus an extension of Van Deemter's equation. It was developed by Alirio E... |
Chromatography | Alirio E. Rodrigues |
| Roothaan equations Roothaan equations The Roothaan equations are a representation of the Hartree-Fock equation in a non orthonormal basis set which can be of Gaussian-type or Slater-type. It applies to closed-shell molecules or atoms where all molecular orbitals or atomic orbitals, respectively, are doubly occupied. This is generally... or Roothaan–Hall equations |
Quantum chemistry | Clemens Roothaan Clemens C. J. Roothaan Clemens C.J. Roothaan was born in 1918 in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. He enrolled TU Delft in 1935 to study electrical engineering. During World War II he was first detained as a prisoner of war camp, later he was sent for a year to a concentration camp in Vught... and George Hall George G. Hall George Garfield Hall , is an applied mathematician and scientist of distinction, known for original work and contributions to the field of Quantum chemistry.... |
| Sackur–Tetrode equation | Statistical thermodynamics | Hugo Martin Tetrode and Otto Sackur Otto Sackur Otto Sackur was a German physical chemist.He is known for the development of the Sackur-Tetrode equation which he developed independently of Hugo Tetrode... |
| Sagan equation | Cosmology | Carl Sagan Carl Sagan Carl Edward Sagan was an American astronomer, astrophysicist, cosmologist, author, science popularizer and science communicator in astronomy and natural sciences. He published more than 600 scientific papers and articles and was author, co-author or editor of more than 20 books... |
| Saha–Langmuir equation | Quantum mechanics, Statistical mechanics | Megh Nad Saha and Irving Langmuir Irving Langmuir Irving Langmuir was an American chemist and physicist. His most noted publication was the famous 1919 article "The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules" in which, building on Gilbert N. Lewis's cubical atom theory and Walther Kossel's chemical bonding theory, he outlined his... |
| Sawada–Kotera equation | Wave mechanics | K. Sawada and T. Kotera |
| Scheil–Gulliver equation Scheil equation In metallurgy, the Scheil-Gulliver equation describes solute redistribution during solidification of an alloy. This approach approximates non-equilibrium solidification by assuming a local equilibrium of the advancing solidification front at the solid-liquid interface... |
Metallurgy | G. H. Gulliver and E. Scheil |
| Schrödinger equation Schrödinger equation The Schrödinger equation was formulated in 1926 by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger. Used in physics , it is an equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time.... Schrödinger–Newton equations |
Quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics |
Erwin Schrödinger Erwin Schrödinger Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger was an Austrian physicist and theoretical biologist who was one of the fathers of quantum mechanics, and is famed for a number of important contributions to physics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933... Erwin Schrödinger and Isaac Newton Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived."... |
| Schwinger–Dyson equation | Quantum field theory | Julian Schwinger Julian Schwinger Julian Seymour Schwinger was an American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics, in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order.Schwinger is recognized as one of the... and Freeman Dyson Freeman Dyson Freeman John Dyson FRS is a British-born American theoretical physicist and mathematician, famous for his work in quantum field theory, solid-state physics, astronomy and nuclear engineering. Dyson is a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists... |
| Screened Poisson equation Screened Poisson equation In Physics, the screened Poisson equation is the following partial differential equation:\left[ \Delta - \lambda^2 \right] u = - f... |
Plasma physics | Siméon Denis Poisson Siméon Denis Poisson Siméon Denis Poisson , was a French mathematician, geometer, and physicist. He however, was the final leading opponent of the wave theory of light as a member of the elite l'Académie française, but was proven wrong by Augustin-Jean Fresnel.-Biography:... |
| Seiberg–Witten equation | PDE | Nathan Seiberg Nathan Seiberg Nathan "Nati" Seiberg is an Israeli American theoretical physicist who works on string theory. He was recipient of a 1996 MacArthur Fellowship and the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics in 1998. He is currently a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, USA... and Edward Witten Edward Witten Edward Witten is an American theoretical physicist with a focus on mathematical physics who is currently a professor of Mathematical Physics at the Institute for Advanced Study.... |
| Sellmeier equation Sellmeier equation The Sellmeier equation is an empirical relationship between refractive index and wavelength for a particular transparent medium. The equation is used to determine the dispersion of light in the medium.... |
Optics | W. Sellmeier |
| sine–Gordon equation | Solitons | Walter Gordon Walter Gordon (physicist) Walter Gordon was a German theoretical physicist.-Life:Walter Gordon was the son of businessman Arnold Gordon and his wife Bianca Gordon . The family moved to Switzerland in his early years. In 1900 he attended school in St. Gallen and in 1915 he began his studies of mathematics and physics at... |
| Slutsky equation Slutsky equation The Slutsky equation in economics, named after Eugen Slutsky , relates changes in Marshallian demand to changes in Hicksian demand... |
Consumer theory | Eugen Slutsky Eugen Slutsky Evgeny "Eugen" Evgenievich Slutsky was a Russian/Soviet mathematical statistician, economist and political economist.-Slutsky's work in economics:... |
| Souders–Brown equation | Separation processes | M. Souders and G. G. Brown |
| Starling equation Starling equation The Starling equation is an equation that illustrates the role of hydrostatic and oncotic forces in the movement of fluid across capillary membranes.Capillary fluid movement may occur as a result of three processes:... |
Fluid dynamics | Ernest Starling |
| Stokes–Einstein equation | Diffusion of particles | George Gabriel Stokes George Gabriel Stokes Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet FRS , was an Irish mathematician and physicist, who at Cambridge made important contributions to fluid dynamics , optics, and mathematical physics... and Albert Einstein Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history... |
| Sturm–Liouville equation | Differential equation | Jacques Charles François Sturm and Joseph Liouville Joseph Liouville - Life and work :Liouville graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1827. After some years as an assistant at various institutions including the Ecole Centrale Paris, he was appointed as professor at the École Polytechnique in 1838... |
| Swamee–Jain equation | Fluid dynamics | P. K. Swamee and A. K. Jain |
| Swift–Hohenberg equation | Pattern formation | J. B. Swift and P. C. Hohenberg |
| Sylvester equation Sylvester equation The Sylvester equation, commonly encountered in control theory, is the matrix equation of the formA X + X B = C,where A,B,X,C are n \times n matrices. A,B,C are known... Sylvester's formula Sylvester's formula In matrix theory, Sylvester's formula or Sylvester's matrix theorem expresses an analytic function f of a matrix A in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A... |
Control theory Matrix theory |
James Sylvester James Joseph Sylvester James Joseph Sylvester was an English mathematician. He made fundamental contributions to matrix theory, invariant theory, number theory, partition theory and combinatorics... James Sylvester |
| Taft equation Taft equation The Taft equation is a linear free energy relationship used in physical organic chemistry in the study of reaction mechanisms and in the development of quantitative structure activity relationships for organic compounds. It was developed by Robert W. Taft in 1952 as a modification to the Hammett... |
Physical organic Chemistry | Robert W. Taft |
| Tanaka equation Tanaka equation In mathematics, Tanaka's equation is an example of a stochastic differential equation which admits a weak solution but has no strong solution. It is named after the Japanese mathematician Tanaka Hiroshi.... |
Stochastic theory | Hiroshi Tanaka Hiroshi Tanaka is a Japanese figure skater who is now a coach. He competed in Ice Dancing with Aya Kawai and Kayo Shirahata. Tanaka and Kawai placed 23rd in the 1998 Winter Olympic Games. They were two-time Japanese national champions.-Results:- References :*... |
| Torricelli's equation Torricelli's equation Torricelli's equation is an equation created by Evangelista Torricelli to find the final velocity of an object moving with a constant acceleration without having a known time interval.The equation itself is: v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2 a \Delta d \,- Derivation :... |
Mechanics | Evangelista Torricelli Evangelista Torricelli Evangelista Torricelli was an Italian physicist and mathematician, best known for his invention of the barometer.-Biography:Evangelista Torricelli was born in Faenza, part of the Papal States... |
| Tricomi equation | Partial differential equations | Francesco Tricomi Francesco Tricomi Francesco Giacomo Tricomi was an Italian mathematician famous for his studies on mixed type partial differential equations. He was also the author of a book on integral equations.... |
| Tsiolkovsky rocket equation Tsiolkovsky rocket equation The Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, or ideal rocket equation is an equation that is useful for considering vehicles that follow the basic principle of a rocket: where a device that can apply acceleration to itself by expelling part of its mass with high speed and moving due to the conservation of... |
Astrodynamics | Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky was an Imperial Russian and Soviet rocket scientist and pioneer of the astronautic theory. Along with his followers the German Hermann Oberth and the American Robert H. Goddard, he is considered to be one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics... |
| Van Deemter's equation Van Deemter's equation The Van Deemter equation in chromatography relates the variance per unit length of a separation column to the linear mobile phase velocity by considering physical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties of a separation. These properties include pathways within the column, diffusion , and mass... |
Chromatography | J. J. Van Deemter |
| Van der Pol equation | Dynamical systems | Balthasar van der Pol Balthasar van der Pol Balthasar van der Pol was a Dutch physicist.Van der Pol studied physics in Utrecht, and in 1920 he was awarded his doctorate . He studied experimental physics with John Ambrose Fleming and Sir J. J. Thomson in England... |
| Van der Waals equation Van der Waals equation The van der Waals equation is an equation of state for a fluid composed of particles that have a non-zero volume and a pairwise attractive inter-particle force It was derived by Johannes Diderik van der Waals in 1873, who received the Nobel prize in 1910 for "his work on the equation of state for... |
Thermodynamics | Johannes Diderik van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals was a Dutch theoretical physicist and thermodynamicist famous for his work on an equation of state for gases and liquids.... |
| Van 't Hoff equation | Chemical thermodynamics | Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Jr. was a Dutch physical and organic chemist and the first winner of the Nobel Prize in chemistry. He is best known for his discoveries in chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, osmotic pressure, and stereochemistry... |
| Verhulst equation | Population dynamics | Pierre François Verhulst Pierre François Verhulst Pierre François Verhulst was a mathematician and a doctor in number theory from the University of Ghent in 1825... |
| Vlasov equation Vlasov equation The Vlasov equation is a differential equation describing time evolution of the distribution function of plasma consisting of charged particles with long-range interaction... Vlasov–Poisson equation |
Plasma physics Plasma physics |
Anatoly Vlasov Anatoly Vlasov Anatoly Alexandrovich Vlasov was a Russian theoretical physicist prominent in the fields of statistical mechanics, kinetics, and especially in plasma physics.-Biography:... Anatoly Vlasov and Siméon Denis Poisson Siméon Denis Poisson Siméon Denis Poisson , was a French mathematician, geometer, and physicist. He however, was the final leading opponent of the wave theory of light as a member of the elite l'Académie française, but was proven wrong by Augustin-Jean Fresnel.-Biography:... |
| Volterra integral equation Volterra integral equation In mathematics, the Volterra integral equations are a special type of integral equations. They are divided into two groups referred to as the first and the second kind.A linear Volterra equation of the first kind is f = \int_a^t K\,x\,ds... |
Integral equations | Vito Volterra Vito Volterra Vito Volterra was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations.... |
| Wald's equation Wald's equation In probability theory, Wald's equation, Wald's identity or Wald's lemma is an important identity that simplifies the calculation of the expected value of the sum of a random number of random quantities... |
Probability theory | Abraham Wald Abraham Wald - See also :* Sequential probability ratio test * Wald distribution* Wald–Wolfowitz runs test... |
| Washburn's equation Washburn's equation In physics, the Washburn's equation describes capillary flow in a bundle of parallel cylindrical tubes; it is extended with some issues also to imbibition into porous materials... |
Flow in porous media | Edward W. Washburn |
| Weber's equation | Differential equation | Heinrich Friedrich Weber Heinrich Friedrich Weber Heinrich Friedrich Weber was a physicist born in the town of Magdala, near Weimar. Around 1861 he entered the University of Jena, where Ernst Abbe became the first of two physicists who decisively influenced his career... |
| Welch–Satterthwaite equation | Statistics, Uncertainty analysis | B. L. Welch and F. E. Satterthwaite |
| Wheeler–deWitt equation | Quantum gravity | John Archibald Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler was an American theoretical physicist who was largely responsible for reviving interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II. Wheeler also worked with Niels Bohr in explaining the basic principles behind nuclear fission... and Bryce DeWitt Bryce DeWitt Bryce Seligman DeWitt was a theoretical physicist renowned for advancing gravity and field theories.-Biography:... |
| Whewell equation Whewell equation The Whewell equation of a plane curve is an equation that relates the tangential angle with arclength , where the tangential angle is angle between the tangent to the curve and the x-axis and the arc length is the distance along the curve from a fixed point... |
Geometry | William Whewell William Whewell William Whewell was an English polymath, scientist, Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian of science. He was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.-Life and career:Whewell was born in Lancaster... |
| Wiener equation | Brownian motion | Norbert Wiener Norbert Wiener Norbert Wiener was an American mathematician.A famous child prodigy, Wiener later became an early researcher in stochastic and noise processes, contributing work relevant to electronic engineering, electronic communication, and control systems.Wiener is regarded as the originator of cybernetics, a... |
| Yang–Baxter equation Yang–Mills–Higgs equations Yang–Mills–Higgs equations In mathematics, the Yang–Mills–Higgs equations are a set of non-linear partial differential equations for a Yang–Mills field, given by a connection, and a Higgs field, given by a section of a vector bundle... |
Statistical mechanics Gauge theory, Quantum field theory |
Chen Ning Yang and Rodney J. Baxter Rodney J. Baxter Rodney James Baxter is an Australian physicist, specializing in statistical mechanics. He is well-known for his work in exactly solved models, in particular vertex models such as the six-vertex model and eight-vertex model, and the chiral Potts model and hard hexagon model... Chen Ning Yang, Robert Mills Robert Mills (physicist) Robert L. Mills was a physicist, specializing in quantum field theory, the theory of alloys, and many-body theory. While sharing an office at Brookhaven National Laboratory, in 1954, Chen Ning Yang and Mills proposed a tensor equation for what are now called Yang-Mills fields... , and Peter Higgs Peter Higgs Peter Ware Higgs, FRS, FRSE, FKC , is an English theoretical physicist and an emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh.... |
| Young–Dupré equation Young–Laplace equation Young–Laplace equation In physics, the Young–Laplace equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation that describes the capillary pressure difference sustained across the interface between two static fluids, such as water and air, due to the phenomenon of surface tension or wall tension, although usage on the... |
Interfacial dynamics Fluid dynamics |
Thomas Young Thomas Young (scientist) Thomas Young was an English polymath. He is famous for having partly deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics before Jean-François Champollion eventually expanded on his work... and Lewis Dupré Thomas Young and Pierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace was a French mathematician and astronomer whose work was pivotal to the development of mathematical astronomy and statistics. He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five volume Mécanique Céleste... |
| Zakai equation Zakai equation In filtering theory the Zakai equation is a linear recursive filtering equation for the un-normalized density of a hidden state. In contrast, the Kushner equation gives a non-linear recursive equation for the normalized density of the hidden state... |
Stochastic differential equations | M. Zakai |
| Zakharov–Schulman system of equation Zakharov–Schulman system In mathematics, the Zakharov–Schulman system is a system of nonlinear partial differential equations introduced in to describe the interactions of small amplitude, high frequency waves with acoustic waves.... |
Acoustic waves | Vladimir E. Zakharov Vladimir E. Zakharov Vladimir Evgen'evich Zakharov is a Soviet and Russian mathematician and physicist. He is currently Regents' Professor of mathematics at The University of Arizona and director of the Mathematical Physics Sector at the Lebedev Physical Institute... and E. I. Schulman |
See also
- EponymEponymAn eponym is the name of a person or thing, whether real or fictitious, after which a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item is named or thought to be named...
- List of eponymous laws
- List of laws in science
- List of equations
- Scientific constants named after peopleScientific constants named after peopleThis is a list of physical and mathematical constants named after people.* Archimedes' constant — Archimedes* Avogadro's number — Amedeo Avogadro* Bohr magneton — Niels Bohr* Bohr radius — Niels Bohr* Boltzmann constant — Ludwig Boltzmann...
- Scientific phenomena named after peopleScientific phenomena named after peopleThis is a list of scientific phenomena and concepts named after people . For other lists of eponyms, see eponym.-A:* Abderhalden–Fauser reaction – Emil Abderhalden* Abney effect, Abney's law of additivity – William de Wiveleslie Abney...
- Scientific laws named after peopleScientific laws named after peopleThis is a list of scientific laws named after people . For other lists of eponyms, see eponym.-See also:* Eponym* Fields of science...