Scientific laws named after people - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This is a list of scientific laws named after people (eponymous laws). For other lists of eponyms, see eponym

Eponym

An eponym is the name of a person or thing, whether real or fictitious, after which a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item is named or thought to be named...

Law	Field	Person(s) Named After
Abel's theorem Abel's theorem In mathematics, Abel's theorem for power series relates a limit of a power series to the sum of its coefficients. It is named after Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.-Theorem:...	Calculus	Niels Henrik Abel Niels Henrik Abel Niels Henrik Abel was a Norwegian mathematician who proved the impossibility of solving the quintic equation in radicals.-Early life:...
Amdahl's law Amdahl's law Amdahl's law, also known as Amdahl's argument, is named after computer architect Gene Amdahl, and is used to find the maximum expected improvement to an overall system when only part of the system is improved...	Computer science	Gene Amdahl Gene Amdahl Gene Myron Amdahl is a Norwegian-American computer architect and high-tech entrepreneur, chiefly known for his work on mainframe computers at IBM and later his own companies, especially Amdahl Corporation...
Ampère's circuital law	Physics	André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère was a French physicist and mathematician who is generally regarded as one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism. The SI unit of measurement of electric current, the ampere, is named after him....
Archie's law	Geology	Gus Archie
Archimedes' principle Archimedes' principle Archimedes' principle relates buoyancy to displacement. It is named after its discoverer, Archimedes of Syracuse.-Principle:Archimedes' treatise On floating bodies, proposition 5, states that...	Physics	Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes of Syracuse was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Among his advances in physics are the foundations of hydrostatics, statics and an...
Arrhenius equation Arrhenius equation The Arrhenius equation is a simple, but remarkably accurate, formula for the temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant, and therefore, rate of a chemical reaction. The equation was first proposed by the Dutch chemist J. H. van 't Hoff in 1884; five years later in 1889, the Swedish...	Chemical kinetics	Svante Arrhenius Svante Arrhenius Svante August Arrhenius was a Swedish scientist, originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry...
Avogadro's law Avogadro's law Avogadro's law is a gas law named after Amedeo Avogadro who, in 1811, hypothesized that two given samples of an ideal gas, at the same temperature, pressure and volume, contain the same number of molecules...	Thermodynamics	Amedeo Avogadro Amedeo Avogadro Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e di Cerreto, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto was an Italian savant. He is most noted for his contributions to molecular theory, including what is known as Avogadro's law...
Beer–Lambert law	Optics	August Beer August Beer August Beer was a German physicist and mathematician. Beer was born in Trier, where he studied mathematics and natural sciences. He worked for Julius Plücker in Bonn afterwards, where he earned a Ph.D. in 1848 and became a lecturer in 1850. In 1854, Beer published his book Einleitung in die höhere... , Johann Heinrich Lambert Johann Heinrich Lambert Johann Heinrich Lambert was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, philosopher and astronomer.Asteroid 187 Lamberta was named in his honour.-Biography:...
Bernoulli's principle Bernoulli's principle In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy... Bernoulli's equation Bernoulli's principle In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy...	Physical sciences	Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli was a Dutch-Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and statistics...
Biot–Savart law	Electromagnetics, fluid dynamics	Jean Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart Félix Savart Félix Savart became a professor at Collège de France in 1836 and was the co-originator of the Biot-Savart Law, along with Jean-Baptiste Biot. Together, they worked on the theory of magnetism and electrical currents. Their law was developed about 1820. The Biot-Savart Law relates magnetic fields to...
Birch's law	Geophysics	Francis Birch Francis Birch (geophysicist) Albert Francis Birch was an American geophysicist best known for his experimental work on the properties of Earth-forming minerals at high pressure and temperature, in 1952 he published a well-known paper in the Journal of Geophysical Research ,where he demonstrated that the mantle is chiefly...
Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy	Physics	Nikolay Bogoliubov, Max Born Max Born Max Born was a German-born physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s... , Herbert Green Herbert S. Green Herbert Sydney Green was a doctoral student of the Nobel Laureate Max Born at Edinburgh, with whom he was involved in the development of the modern kinetic theory... , John Kirkwood John Gamble Kirkwood John "Jack" Gamble Kirkwood was a noted chemist and physicist, holding faculty positions at Cornell University, the University of Chicago, California Institute of Technology, and Yale University.-Early life and background:Kirkwood was born in Gotebo, Oklahoma, the oldest child of John Millard and... , and J. Yvon
Bogoliubov transformation Bogoliubov transformation In theoretical physics, the Bogoliubov transformation, named after Nikolay Bogolyubov, is a unitary transformation from a unitary representation of some canonical commutation relation algebra or canonical anticommutation relation algebra into another unitary representation, induced by an...	Quantum mechanics	Nikolay Bogoliubov
Boltzmann equation Boltzmann equation The Boltzmann equation, also often known as the Boltzmann transport equation, devised by Ludwig Boltzmann, describes the statistical distribution of one particle in rarefied gas...	Thermodynamics	Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics...
Boyle's law Boyle's law Boyle's law is one of many gas laws and a special case of the ideal gas law. Boyle's law describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system...	Thermodynamics	Robert Boyle Robert Boyle Robert Boyle FRS was a 17th century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, also noted for his writings in theology. He has been variously described as English, Irish, or Anglo-Irish, his father having come to Ireland from England during the time of the English plantations of...
Bradford's law Bradford's law Bradford's law is a pattern first described by Samuel C. Bradford in 1934 that estimates the exponentially diminishing returns of extending a search for references in science journals...	Computer science	Samuel C. Bradford
Buys Ballot's law	Meteorology	C.H.D. Buys Ballot C.H.D. Buys Ballot Christophorus Henricus Diedericus Buys Ballot was a Dutch chemist and meteorologist after whom Buys Ballot's law and the Buys Ballot table are named.-Biography:...
Byerlee's law Byerlee's law Byerlee's law is an experimentally derived law in physics that gives the stress circumstances in the Earth's crust at which fracturing along a geological fault takes place...	Geophysics	James Byerlee
Carnot's theorem	Thermodynamics	Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot was a French military engineer who, in his 1824 Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, gave the first successful theoretical account of heat engines, now known as the Carnot cycle, thereby laying the foundations of the second law of thermodynamics...
Cauchy's integral formula Cauchy's integral formula In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a central statement in complex analysis. It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk, and it provides integral formulas for all... Cauchy–Riemann equations	Complex analysis	Augustin Louis Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy was a French mathematician who was an early pioneer of analysis. He started the project of formulating and proving the theorems of infinitesimal calculus in a rigorous manner, rejecting the heuristic principle of the generality of algebra exploited by earlier authors... Augustin Louis Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy was a French mathematician who was an early pioneer of analysis. He started the project of formulating and proving the theorems of infinitesimal calculus in a rigorous manner, rejecting the heuristic principle of the generality of algebra exploited by earlier authors... and Bernhard Riemann Bernhard Riemann Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann was an influential German mathematician who made lasting contributions to analysis and differential geometry, some of them enabling the later development of general relativity....
Cayley–Hamilton theorem Cayley–Hamilton theorem In linear algebra, the Cayley–Hamilton theorem states that every square matrix over a commutative ring satisfies its own characteristic equation....	Linear algebra	Arthur Cayley Arthur Cayley Arthur Cayley F.R.S. was a British mathematician. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics.... and William Hamilton William Rowan Hamilton Sir William Rowan Hamilton was an Irish physicist, astronomer, and mathematician, who made important contributions to classical mechanics, optics, and algebra. His studies of mechanical and optical systems led him to discover new mathematical concepts and techniques...
Charles's law Charles's law Charles' law is an experimental gas law which describes how gases tend to expand when heated. It was first published by French natural philosopher Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, although he credited the discovery to unpublished work from the 1780s by Jacques Charles...	Thermodynamics	Jacques Charles Jacques Charles Jacques Alexandre César Charles was a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist.Charles and the Robert brothers launched the world's first hydrogen-filled balloon in August 1783, then in December 1783, Charles and his co-pilot Nicolas-Louis Robert ascended to a height of about...
Church–Turing thesis Church–Turing thesis In computability theory, the Church–Turing thesis is a combined hypothesis about the nature of functions whose values are effectively calculable; in more modern terms, algorithmically computable...	Computer science	Alonzo Church Alonzo Church Alonzo Church was an American mathematician and logician who made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science. He is best known for the lambda calculus, Church–Turing thesis, Frege–Church ontology, and the Church–Rosser theorem.-Life:Alonzo Church... and Alan Turing Alan Turing Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS , was an English mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist. He was highly influential in the development of computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of "algorithm" and "computation" with the Turing machine, which played a...
Coulomb's law Coulomb's law Coulomb's law or Coulomb's inverse-square law, is a law of physics describing the electrostatic interaction between electrically charged particles. It was first published in 1785 by French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb and was essential to the development of the theory of electromagnetism...	Physics	Charles Augustin de Coulomb
Law of Charles and Gay-Lussac Charles's law Charles' law is an experimental gas law which describes how gases tend to expand when heated. It was first published by French natural philosopher Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, although he credited the discovery to unpublished work from the 1780s by Jacques Charles... (frequently called Charles's law)	Thermodynamics	Jacques Charles Jacques Charles Jacques Alexandre César Charles was a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist.Charles and the Robert brothers launched the world's first hydrogen-filled balloon in August 1783, then in December 1783, Charles and his co-pilot Nicolas-Louis Robert ascended to a height of about... and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac - External links :* from the American Chemical Society* from the Encyclopædia Britannica, 10th Edition * , Paris...
Dalton's law of partial pressure Dalton's law In chemistry and physics, Dalton's law states that the total pressure exerted by a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in a gas mixture...	Thermodynamics	John Dalton John Dalton John Dalton FRS was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory, and his research into colour blindness .-Early life:John Dalton was born into a Quaker family at Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, Cumberland,...
Darcy's law Darcy's law Darcy's law is a phenomenologically derived constitutive equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium. The law was formulated by Henry Darcy based on the results of experiments on the flow of water through beds of sand...	Fluid mechanics	Henry Darcy Henry Darcy Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy was a French engineer who made several important contributions to hydraulics.-Biography:...
De Morgan's law	Logic	Augustus De Morgan Augustus De Morgan Augustus De Morgan was a British mathematician and logician. He formulated De Morgan's laws and introduced the term mathematical induction, making its idea rigorous. The crater De Morgan on the Moon is named after him....
Dermott's law	Celestial mechanics	Stanley Dermott
Descartes' theorem Descartes' theorem In geometry, Descartes' theorem, named after René Descartes, establishes a relationship between four kissing, or mutually tangent, circles. The theorem can be used to construct a fourth circle tangent to three given, mutually tangent circles.-History:...	Geometry	René Descartes René Descartes René Descartes ; was a French philosopher and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. He has been dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day...
Dirac equation Dirac equation The Dirac equation is a relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation formulated by British physicist Paul Dirac in 1928. It provided a description of elementary spin-½ particles, such as electrons, consistent with both the principles of quantum mechanics and the theory of special relativity, and...	Physics	Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
Drake equation Drake equation The Drake equation is an equation used to estimate the number of detectable extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy. It is used in the fields of exobiology and the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence...	Cosmology	Frank Drake Frank Drake Frank Donald Drake PhD is an American astronomer and astrophysicist. He is most notable as one of the pioneers in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, including the founding of SETI, mounting the first observational attempts at detecting extraterrestrial communications in 1961 in Project...
Einstein's general theory of relativity General relativity General relativity or the general theory of relativity is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916. It is the current description of gravitation in modern physics... Einstein's special theory of relativity Special relativity Special relativity is the physical theory of measurement in an inertial frame of reference proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein in the paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies".It generalizes Galileo's...	Physics	Albert Einstein Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history...
Euclid's theorem Euclid's theorem Euclid's theorem is a fundamental statement in number theory that asserts that there are infinitely many prime numbers. There are several well-known proofs of the theorem.-Euclid's proof:...	Number theory	Euclid Euclid Euclid , fl. 300 BC, also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I...
Euler's theorem	Number theory	Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist. He made important discoveries in fields as diverse as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion...
Faraday's law of induction Faraday's law of induction Faraday's law of induction dates from the 1830s, and is a basic law of electromagnetism relating to the operating principles of transformers, inductors, and many types of electrical motors and generators... Faraday's law of electrolysis	Electromagnetism Chemistry	Michael Faraday Michael Faraday Michael Faraday, FRS was an English chemist and physicist who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry....
Faxén's law	Fluid dynamics Fluid dynamics In physics, fluid dynamics is a sub-discipline of fluid mechanics that deals with fluid flow—the natural science of fluids in motion. It has several subdisciplines itself, including aerodynamics and hydrodynamics...	Hilding Faxén Hilding Faxén Olov Hilding Faxén was a Swedish physicist who was primarily active within mechanics.Faxén received his doctorate in 1921 at Uppsala University with the thesis Einwirkung der Gefässwände auf den Widerstand gegen die Bewegung einer kleinen Kugel in einer zähen Flüssigkeit Olov Hilding Faxén (March...
Fermat's principle Fermat's principle In optics, Fermat's principle or the principle of least time is the principle that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time. This principle is sometimes taken as the definition of a ray of light... Fermat's last theorem Fermat's Last Theorem In number theory, Fermat's Last Theorem states that no three positive integers a, b, and c can satisfy the equation an + bn = cn for any integer value of n greater than two.... Fermat's little theorem Fermat's little theorem Fermat's little theorem states that if p is a prime number, then for any integer a, a p − a will be evenly divisible by p...	Optics Number theory Number theory	Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and an amateur mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his adequality...
Fermi paradox Fermi paradox The Fermi paradox is the apparent contradiction between high estimates of the probability of the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations and the lack of evidence for, or contact with, such civilizations....	Cosmology	Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi was an Italian-born, naturalized American physicist particularly known for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, Chicago Pile-1, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics...
Fick's law of diffusion Fick's law of diffusion Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion and can be used to solve for the diffusion coefficient, D. They were derived by Adolf Fick in the year 1855.- Fick's first law :...	Thermodynamics	Adolf Fick
Fitts's law	Ergonomics	Paul Fitts Paul Fitts Paul M. Fitts was a psychologist at Ohio State University . He developed a model of human movement, Fitts's law, based on rapid, aimed movement, which went on to become one of the most highly successful and well studied mathematical models of human motion...
Fourier's law	Thermodynamics	Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier
Gauss' law	Physics	Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss
Gibbs–Helmholtz equation	Thermodynamics	Josiah Willard Gibbs Josiah Willard Gibbs Josiah Willard Gibbs was an American theoretical physicist, chemist, and mathematician. He devised much of the theoretical foundation for chemical thermodynamics as well as physical chemistry. As a mathematician, he invented vector analysis . Yale University awarded Gibbs the first American Ph.D... , Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz
Gödel's incompleteness theorems Gödel's incompleteness theorems Gödel's incompleteness theorems are two theorems of mathematical logic that establish inherent limitations of all but the most trivial axiomatic systems capable of doing arithmetic. The theorems, proven by Kurt Gödel in 1931, are important both in mathematical logic and in the philosophy of...	Mathematics	Kurt Gödel Kurt Gödel Kurt Friedrich Gödel was an Austrian logician, mathematician and philosopher. Later in his life he emigrated to the United States to escape the effects of World War II. One of the most significant logicians of all time, Gödel made an immense impact upon scientific and philosophical thinking in the...
Graham's law Graham's law Graham's law, known as Graham's law of effusion, was formulated by Scottish physical chemist Thomas Graham in 1846. Graham found experimentally that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles...	Thermodynamics	Thomas Graham Thomas Graham (chemist) Thomas Graham FRS was a nineteenth-century Scottish chemist who is best-remembered today for his pioneering work in dialysis and the diffusion of gases.- Life and work :...
Grimm's law Grimm's law Grimm's law , named for Jacob Grimm, is a set of statements describing the inherited Proto-Indo-European stops as they developed in Proto-Germanic in the 1st millennium BC...	Linguistics	Jacob Jacob Grimm Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm was a German philologist, jurist and mythologist. He is best known as the discoverer of Grimm's Law, the author of the monumental Deutsches Wörterbuch, the author of Deutsche Mythologie and, more popularly, as one of the Brothers Grimm, as the editor of Grimm's Fairy... and Wilhelm Grimm Wilhelm Grimm Wilhelm Carl Grimm was a German author, the younger of the Brothers Grimm.-Life and work:...
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle Uncertainty principle In quantum mechanics, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle states a fundamental limit on the accuracy with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, such as position and momentum, can be simultaneously known...	Theoretical physics	Werner Heisenberg Werner Heisenberg Werner Karl Heisenberg was a German theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory...
Hellmann–Feynman theorem	Physics	Hans Hellmann Hans Hellmann Hans Gustav Adolf Hellmann was a German theoretical physicist.Hellmann was born in Wilhelmshaven, Prussian Hanover. He began studying electrical engineering in Stuttgart, but changed to engineering physics after a semester... , Richard Feynman Richard Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman was an American physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics...
Henry's law Henry's law In physics, Henry's law is one of the gas laws formulated by William Henry in 1803. It states that:An equivalent way of stating the law is that the solubility of a gas in a liquid at a particular temperature is proportional to the pressure of that gas above the liquid...	Thermodynamics	William Henry William Henry (chemist) William Henry was an English chemist.He was the son of Thomas Henry and was born in Manchester England. He developed what is known today as Henry's Law.-Life:...
Hertz observations	Electromagnetism	Heinrich Hertz
Hess's law Hess's law Hess' law is a relationship in physical chemistry named for Germain Hess, a Swiss-born Russian chemist and physician.The law states that the enthalpy change for a reaction that is carried out in a series of steps is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps.The law is an...	Thermodynamics	Germain Henri Hess Germain Henri Hess Germain Henri Hess was a Swiss-born Russian chemist and doctor who formulated Hess's Law, an early principle of thermochemistry.-Early days:...
Hohenberg–Kohn theorem	Quantum mechanics	Pierre Hohenberg and Walter Kohn Walter Kohn Walter Kohn is an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist.He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1998. The award recognized their contributions to the understandings of the electronic properties of materials...
Hooke's law Hooke's law In mechanics, and physics, Hooke's law of elasticity is an approximation that states that the extension of a spring is in direct proportion with the load applied to it. Many materials obey this law as long as the load does not exceed the material's elastic limit. Materials for which Hooke's law...	Physics	Robert Hooke Robert Hooke Robert Hooke FRS was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath.His adult life comprised three distinct periods: as a scientific inquirer lacking money; achieving great wealth and standing through his reputation for hard work and scrupulous honesty following the great fire of 1666, but...
Hopkinson's law	Electromagnetism	John Hopkinson John Hopkinson John Hopkinson, FRS, was a British physicist, electrical engineer, Fellow of the Royal Society and President of the IEE twice in 1890 and 1896. He invented the three-wire system for the distribution of electrical power, for which he was granted a patent in 1882...
Hubble's law Hubble's law Hubble's law is the name for the astronomical observation in physical cosmology that: all objects observed in deep space are found to have a doppler shift observable relative velocity to Earth, and to each other; and that this doppler-shift-measured velocity, of various galaxies receding from...	Cosmology	Edwin Hubble Edwin Hubble Edwin Powell Hubble was an American astronomer who profoundly changed the understanding of the universe by confirming the existence of galaxies other than the Milky Way - our own galaxy...
Huygens–Fresnel principle	Optics	Christiaan Huygens and Augustin-Jean Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel , was a French engineer who contributed significantly to the establishment of the theory of wave optics. Fresnel studied the behaviour of light both theoretically and experimentally....
Joule's laws	Physics	James Joule
Jurin's law Jurin's Law Jurin's Law describes the rise and fall of a liquid within a thin capillary tube. Named after its discoverer James Jurin....	Physics	James Jurin James Jurin James Jurin FRS MA FRCP MD was an English scientist and physician, particularly remembered for his early work in capillary action and in the epidemiology of smallpox vaccination...
Kasha's rule Kasha's rule Kasha's rule is a principle in the photochemistry of electronically excited molecules. The rule states that photon emission occurs in appreciable yield only from the lowest excited state of a given multiplicity...	Photochemistry	Michael Kasha Michael Kasha Michael Kasha is an American physical chemist and molecular spectroscopist who is one of the original founders of the Institute of Molecular Biophysics at Florida State University . Born in Elizabeth, NJ to a family of Ukrainian immigrants, he earned his Ph.D...
Kepler's laws of planetary motion Kepler's laws of planetary motion In astronomy, Kepler's laws give a description of the motion of planets around the Sun.Kepler's laws are:#The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci....	Astrophysics	Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican...
Kirchhoff's laws Kirchhoff's laws There are several Kirchhoff's laws, all named after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff:* Kirchhoff's circuit laws* Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation* Kirchhoff's equations* Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy* Kirchhoff's law of thermochemistry-See also:...	Electronics, thermodynamics	Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects...
Kopp's law Kopp's Law Kopp's law can refer to either of two relationships discovered by the German chemist Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp .#Kopp found "that the molecular heat capacity of a solid compound is the sum of the atomic heat capacities of the elements composing it; the elements having atomic heat capacities lower...	Thermodynamics	Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp , German chemist, was born at Hanau, where his father, Johann Heinrich Kopp , a physician, was professor of chemistry, physics and natural history at the local lyceum....
Lamm equation Lamm equation The Lamm equation describes the sedimentation and diffusion of a solute under ultracentrifugation in traditional sector-shaped cells. It was named after Ole Lamm, later professor of physical chemistry at the Royal Institute of Technology, who derived it during his Ph.D...	Chemistry, Biophysics	Ole Lamm Ole Lamm Ole Albert Lamm, born December 25, 1902 in Gothenburg, died August 14, 1964 in Stockholm, was a Swedish physical chemist whose research included diffusion and sedimentation phenomena....
Le Chatelier's principle Le Châtelier's principle In chemistry, Le Chatelier's principle, also called the Chatelier's principle, can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. The principle is named after Henry Louis Le Chatelier and sometimes Karl Ferdinand Braun who discovered it independently...	Chemistry	Henri Louis le Chatelier Henri Louis Le Chatelier Henri Louis Le Châtelier was an influential French chemist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is most famous for devising Le Châtelier's principle, used by chemists to predict the effect a changing condition has on a system in chemical equilibrium...
Leibniz's law Identity of indiscernibles The identity of indiscernibles is an ontological principle which states that two or more objects or entities are identical if they have all their properties in common. That is, entities x and y are identical if any predicate possessed by x is also possessed by y and vice versa...	Ontology	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Lenz's law Lenz's law Lenz's law is a common way of understanding how electromagnetic circuits must always obey Newton's third law and The Law of Conservation of Energy...	Physics	Heinrich Lenz Heinrich Lenz Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz was a Russian physicist of Baltic German ethnicity. He is most noted for formulating Lenz's law in electrodynamics in 1833....
Leonard–Merritt mass estimator	Astrophysics	Peter Leonard, David Merritt David Merritt David Merritt is an American astrophysicist and professor at the Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York. He received his PhD in Astrophysical Sciences from Princeton University and held postdoctoral positions at the University of California, Berkeley and the Canadian Institute...
l'Hôpital's rule L'Hôpital's rule In calculus, l'Hôpital's rule uses derivatives to help evaluate limits involving indeterminate forms. Application of the rule often converts an indeterminate form to a determinate form, allowing easy evaluation of the limit...	Mathematics	Guillaume de l'Hôpital Guillaume de l'Hôpital Guillaume François Antoine, Marquis de l'Hôpital was a French mathematician. His name is firmly associated with l'Hôpital's rule for calculating limits involving indeterminate forms 0/0 and ∞/∞...
Marconi's law Marconi's law Marconi's law is the relation between height of antennae and maximum signalling distance. Guglielmo Marconi enunciated at one time an empirical law that, for simple vertical sending and receiving antennae of equal height, the maximum working telegraphic distance varied as the square of the height...	Scientific	Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Marconi was an Italian inventor, known as the father of long distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. Marconi is often credited as the inventor of radio, and indeed he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand...
Markovnikov's rule Markovnikov's rule In organic chemistry, Markovnikov's rule or Markownikoff's rule is an observation based on Zaitsev's rule. It was formulated by the Russian chemist Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov in 1870....	Organic Chemistry	Vladimir Markovnikov
Maxwell's equations Maxwell's equations Maxwell's equations are a set of partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electrodynamics, classical optics, and electric circuits. These fields in turn underlie modern electrical and communications technologies.Maxwell's equations... Maxwell relations Maxwell relations Maxwell's relations are a set of equations in thermodynamics which are derivable from the definitions of the thermodynamic potentials. The Maxwell relations are statements of equality among the second derivatives of the thermodynamic potentials. They follow directly from the fact that the order of...	Electrodynamics Thermodynamics	James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell of Glenlair was a Scottish physicist and mathematician. His most prominent achievement was formulating classical electromagnetic theory. This united all previously unrelated observations, experiments and equations of electricity, magnetism and optics into a consistent theory...
Metcalfe's law Metcalfe's law Metcalfe's law states that the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected usersof the system...	Network theory	Robert Metcalfe Robert Metcalfe Robert Melancton Metcalfe is an electrical engineer from the United States who co-invented Ethernet, founded 3Com and formulated Metcalfe's Law., he is a general partner of Polaris Venture Partners...
Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect	Particle Physics	Stanislav Mikheyev Stanislav Mikheyev Stanislav Pavlovich Mikheyev was a Russian physicist known for a co-discovering of the MSW effect.-Education and research:Stanislav Mikheyev graduated from Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in 1965. Then he became a researcher at Lebedev Physical Institute... , Alexei Smirnov, and Lincoln Wolfenstein Lincoln Wolfenstein Lincoln Wolfenstein is an American particle physicist who studies the weak interaction. Wolfenstein was born in 1923 and obtained his PhD in 1949 from the University of Chicago. He retired from Carnegie Mellon University in 2000 after being a faculty member for 52 years, but still lectures there...
Minkowski's theorem Minkowski's theorem In mathematics, Minkowski's theorem is the statement that any convex set in Rn which is symmetric with respect to the origin and with volume greater than 2n d contains a non-zero lattice point...	Number theory	Hermann Minkowski Hermann Minkowski Hermann Minkowski was a German mathematician of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, who created and developed the geometry of numbers and who used geometrical methods to solve difficult problems in number theory, mathematical physics, and the theory of relativity.- Life and work :Hermann Minkowski was born...
Moore's law Moore's Law Moore's law describes a long-term trend in the history of computing hardware: the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years....	Computing	Gordon Moore Gordon Moore Gordon Earle Moore is the co-founder and Chairman Emeritus of Intel Corporation and the author of Moore's Law .-Life and career:...
Nash embedding theorem Nash embedding theorem The Nash embedding theorems , named after John Forbes Nash, state that every Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded into some Euclidean space. Isometric means preserving the length of every path... Nash equilibrium Nash equilibrium In game theory, Nash equilibrium is a solution concept of a game involving two or more players, in which each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player has anything to gain by changing only his own strategy unilaterally...	Topology Game Theory	John Forbes Nash John Forbes Nash John Forbes Nash, Jr. is an American mathematician whose works in game theory, differential geometry, and partial differential equations have provided insight into the forces that govern chance and events inside complex systems in daily life...
Nernst equation Nernst equation In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is an equation that can be used to determine the equilibrium reduction potential of a half-cell in an electrochemical cell. It can also be used to determine the total voltage for a full electrochemical cell...	Electrochemistry	Walther Nernst Walther Nernst Walther Hermann Nernst FRS was a German physical chemist and physicist who is known for his theories behind the calculation of chemical affinity as embodied in the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in chemistry...
Newton's law of cooling Newton's law of universal gravitation Newton's law of universal gravitation Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every point mass in the universe attracts every other point mass with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them... Newton's laws of motion Newton's laws of motion Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that form the basis for classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between the forces acting on a body and its motion due to those forces...	Thermodynamics Astrophysics Mechanics	Isaac Newton Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived."...
Noether's theorem Noether's theorem Noether's theorem states that any differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law. The theorem was proved by German mathematician Emmy Noether in 1915 and published in 1918...	Theoretical physics	Emmy Noether Emmy Noether Amalie Emmy Noether was an influential German mathematician known for her groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics. Described by David Hilbert, Albert Einstein and others as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, she revolutionized the theories of...
Nurgaliev's law Nurgaliev's law In population dynamics, Nurgaliev's law is an equation that describes the rate of change of the size of a population at a given time, in terms of the current population size...	Demography	Nurgaliev's law Nurgaliev's law In population dynamics, Nurgaliev's law is an equation that describes the rate of change of the size of a population at a given time, in terms of the current population size...
Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, after Harry Nyquist and Claude Shannon, is a fundamental result in the field of information theory, in particular telecommunications and signal processing. Sampling is the process of converting a signal into a numeric sequence...	Information theory	Harry Nyquist Harry Nyquist Harry Nyquist was an important contributor to information theory.-Personal life:... , Claude Elwood Shannon Claude Elwood Shannon Claude Elwood Shannon was an American mathematician, electronic engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory"....
Occam's Razor Occam's razor Occam's razor, also known as Ockham's razor, and sometimes expressed in Latin as lex parsimoniae , is a principle that generally recommends from among competing hypotheses selecting the one that makes the fewest new assumptions.-Overview:The principle is often summarized as "simpler explanations...	Philosophy of science	William of Ockham William of Ockham William of Ockham was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of...
Ohm's law Ohm's law Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points...	Electronics	Georg Ohm Georg Ohm Georg Simon Ohm was a German physicist. As a high school teacher, Ohm began his research with the recently-invented electrochemical cell, invented by Italian Count Alessandro Volta. Using equipment of his own creation, Ohm determined that there is a direct proportionality between the potential...
Osipkov–Merritt law Osipkov-Merritt model Osipkov–Merritt models are mathematical representations of spherical stellar systems...	Astrophysics	Leonid Osipkov, David Merritt David Merritt David Merritt is an American astrophysicist and professor at the Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York. He received his PhD in Astrophysical Sciences from Princeton University and held postdoctoral positions at the University of California, Berkeley and the Canadian Institute...
Pascal's law Pascal's law In the physical sciences, Pascal's law or the Principle of transmission of fluid-pressure states that "pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure ratio remains the same." The law was established... Pascal's theorem Pascal's theorem In projective geometry, Pascal's theorem states that if an arbitrary hexagon is inscribed in any conic section, and pairs of opposite sides are extended until they meet, the three intersection points will lie on a straight line, the Pascal line of that configuration.- Related results :This theorem...	Physics Geometry	Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal , was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic philosopher. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen...
Pareto distribution Pareto efficiency Pareto efficiency Pareto efficiency, or Pareto optimality, is a concept in economics with applications in engineering and social sciences. The term is named after Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian economist who used the concept in his studies of economic efficiency and income distribution.Given an initial allocation of... Pareto index Pareto index In economics the Pareto index, named after the Italian economist and sociologist Vilfredo Pareto, is a measure of the breadth of income or wealth distribution. It is one of the parameters specifying a Pareto distribution and embodies the Pareto principle... Pareto principle Pareto principle The Pareto principle states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.Business-management consultant Joseph M...	Economics	Vilfredo Pareto Vilfredo Pareto Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto , born Wilfried Fritz Pareto, was an Italian engineer, sociologist, economist, political scientist and philosopher. He made several important contributions to economics, particularly in the study of income distribution and in the analysis of individuals' choices....
Pauli exclusion principle Pauli exclusion principle The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle that no two identical fermions may occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. A more rigorous statement is that the total wave function for two identical fermions is anti-symmetric with respect to exchange of the particles...	Quantum mechanics	Wolfgang Pauli Wolfgang Pauli Wolfgang Ernst Pauli was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics. In 1945, after being nominated by Albert Einstein, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "decisive contribution through his discovery of a new law of Nature, the exclusion principle or...
Peano axioms Peano axioms In mathematical logic, the Peano axioms, also known as the Dedekind–Peano axioms or the Peano postulates, are a set of axioms for the natural numbers presented by the 19th century Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano...	Foundational mathematics	Giuseppe Peano Giuseppe Peano Giuseppe Peano was an Italian mathematician, whose work was of philosophical value. The author of over 200 books and papers, he was a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, to which he contributed much notation. The standard axiomatization of the natural numbers is named the Peano axioms in...
Planck's law	Electromagnetism	Max Planck Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS, was a German physicist who actualized the quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of the quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.-Life and career:Planck came...
Poiseuille's law	Fluidics	Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille was a French physician and physiologist.Poiseuille was born in Paris, France.From 1815 to 1816 he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris. He was trained in physics and mathematics. In 1828 he earned his D.Sc...
Poisson distribution Poisson distribution In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time and/or space if these events occur with a known average rate and independently of the time since... Poisson's equation Poisson's equation In mathematics, Poisson's equation is a partial differential equation of elliptic type with broad utility in electrostatics, mechanical engineering and theoretical physics...	Statistics Calculus	Siméon Denis Poisson Siméon Denis Poisson Siméon Denis Poisson , was a French mathematician, geometer, and physicist. He however, was the final leading opponent of the wave theory of light as a member of the elite l'Académie française, but was proven wrong by Augustin-Jean Fresnel.-Biography:...
Ptolemy's theorem Ptolemy's theorem In Euclidean geometry, Ptolemy's theorem is a relation between the four sides and two diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral . The theorem is named after the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy...	Geometry	Ptolemy Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy , was a Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the...
Pythagorean theorem Pythagorean theorem In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of a right triangle...	Geometry	Pythagoras Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. Most of the information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived, so very little reliable information is known about him...
Raman scattering Raman scattering Raman scattering or the Raman effect is the inelastic scattering of a photon. It was discovered by Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman and Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan in liquids, and by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam in crystals....	Physics	Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
Raoult's law	Physical chemistry	Francois Marie Raoult
Riemann zeta function Riemann hypothesis Riemann hypothesis In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis, proposed by , is a conjecture about the location of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function which states that all non-trivial zeros have real part 1/2... Riemann integral Riemann integral In the branch of mathematics known as real analysis, the Riemann integral, created by Bernhard Riemann, was the first rigorous definition of the integral of a function on an interval. The Riemann integral is unsuitable for many theoretical purposes... Riemann lemma Riemannian manifold Riemannian manifold In Riemannian geometry and the differential geometry of surfaces, a Riemannian manifold or Riemannian space is a real differentiable manifold M in which each tangent space is equipped with an inner product g, a Riemannian metric, which varies smoothly from point to point... Riemann sphere Riemann sphere In mathematics, the Riemann sphere , named after the 19th century mathematician Bernhard Riemann, is the sphere obtained from the complex plane by adding a point at infinity... Riemann theta function	Number theory, analysis, geometry	Bernhard Riemann Bernhard Riemann Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann was an influential German mathematician who made lasting contributions to analysis and differential geometry, some of them enabling the later development of general relativity....
Rolle's theorem Rolle's theorem In calculus, Rolle's theorem essentially states that a differentiable function which attains equal values at two distinct points must have a point somewhere between them where the first derivative is zero.-Standard version of the theorem:If a real-valued function ƒ is continuous on a closed...	Differential calculus	Michel Rolle Michel Rolle Michel Rolle was a French mathematician. He is best known for Rolle's theorem , and he deserves to be known as the co-inventor in Europe of Gaussian elimination .-Life:...
Schrödinger equation Schrödinger equation The Schrödinger equation was formulated in 1926 by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger. Used in physics , it is an equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time....	Physics	Erwin Schrödinger Erwin Schrödinger Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger was an Austrian physicist and theoretical biologist who was one of the fathers of quantum mechanics, and is famed for a number of important contributions to physics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933...
Sérsic's law Sersic profile The Sérsic profile is a mathematical function that describes how the intensity I of a galaxy varies with distance R from its center. It is a generalization of de Vaucouleurs' law. J. L...	Astrophysics	J. L. Sérsic
Snell's law Snell's law In optics and physics, Snell's law is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water and glass...	Optics	Willebrord van Roijen Snell
Sokolov–Ternov effect	Particle Physics	Arsenij Sokolov Arsenij Sokolov Arseny Alexandrovich Sokolov was a Russian theoretical physicist known for the development of synchrotron radiation theory.-Biography:Arseny Sokolov graduated from Tomsk State University in 1931. He obtained the degree of Kandidat nauk from TSU under supervision of Piotr Tartakovsky... and Igor Ternov Igor Ternov Igor Mikhailovich Ternov was a Russian theoretical physicist, known for discovery of new quantum effects in microscopic particle motion such as Dynamic Character of the Electron Anomalous Magnetic Moment, the Effect of Radiative Polarization of Electrons and Positrons in a Magnetic Field, and...
Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law	Spectroscopy	Arnold Sommerfeld Arnold Sommerfeld Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and groomed a large number of students for the new era of theoretical physics... and Walther Kossel Walther Kossel Walther Ludwig Julius Kossel was a German physicist known for his theory of the chemical bond , Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law of atomic spectra, the Kossel-Stranski model for crystal growth, and the Kossel effect...
Stefan–Boltzmann law	Thermodynamics	Jožef Stefan Joseph Stefan Joseph Stefan was a physicist, mathematician, and poet of Slovene mother tongue and Austrian citizenship.- Life and work :... and Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics...
Stokes' law Stokes' law In 1851, George Gabriel Stokes derived an expression, now known as Stokes' law, for the frictional force – also called drag force – exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers in a continuous viscous fluid...	Fluid mechanics	George Gabriel Stokes George Gabriel Stokes Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet FRS , was an Irish mathematician and physicist, who at Cambridge made important contributions to fluid dynamics , optics, and mathematical physics...
Stoletov's law Stoletov's law Stoletov's law for photoelectric effect establishes the direct proportionality between the intensity of electromagnetic radiation acting on a metallic surface and the photocurrent induced by this radiation. The law was discovered by Aleksandr Stoletov in 1888....	Photoelectric effect	Aleksandr Stoletov Aleksandr Stoletov Aleksandr Grigorievich Stoletov was a Russian physicist, founder of electrical engineering, and professor in Moscow University. He was the brother of general Nikolai Stoletov.-Biography:...
Titius–Bode law	Astrophysics	Johann Daniel Titius Johann Daniel Titius Johann Daniel Titius was a German astronomer and a professor at Wittenberg.Titius was born in Konitz , Royal Prussia, and died in Wittenberg... and Johann Elert Bode Johann Elert Bode Johann Elert Bode was a German astronomer known for his reformulation and popularization of the Titius-Bode law. Bode determined the orbit of Uranus and suggested the planet's name.-Biography:...
Torricelli's law Torricelli's Law Torricelli's law, also known as Torricelli's theorem, is a theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing out of an opening to the height of fluid above the opening....	Physics	Evangelista Torricelli Evangelista Torricelli Evangelista Torricelli was an Italian physicist and mathematician, best known for his invention of the barometer.-Biography:Evangelista Torricelli was born in Faenza, part of the Papal States...
Umov effect Umov effect The Umov effect, also known as Umov's law, is a relationship between the albedo of an astronomical object, and the degree of polarization of light reflecting off it...	Physics	Nikolay Umov Nikolay Umov Nikolay Alekseevich Umov was a Russian physicist and mathematician known for discovering the concept of Umov-Poynting vector and Umov effect.-Biography:...
Van der Waals equation Van der Waals equation The van der Waals equation is an equation of state for a fluid composed of particles that have a non-zero volume and a pairwise attractive inter-particle force It was derived by Johannes Diderik van der Waals in 1873, who received the Nobel prize in 1910 for "his work on the equation of state for...	Chemistry	Johannes Diderik van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals was a Dutch theoretical physicist and thermodynamicist famous for his work on an equation of state for gases and liquids....
Vlasov equation Vlasov equation The Vlasov equation is a differential equation describing time evolution of the distribution function of plasma consisting of charged particles with long-range interaction...	Plasma physics	Anatoly Vlasov Anatoly Vlasov Anatoly Alexandrovich Vlasov was a Russian theoretical physicist prominent in the fields of statistical mechanics, kinetics, and especially in plasma physics.-Biography:...
Young–Laplace equation Young–Laplace equation In physics, the Young–Laplace equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation that describes the capillary pressure difference sustained across the interface between two static fluids, such as water and air, due to the phenomenon of surface tension or wall tension, although usage on the...	Fluid dynamics	Thomas Young Thomas Young (scientist) Thomas Young was an English polymath. He is famous for having partly deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics before Jean-François Champollion eventually expanded on his work... and Pierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace was a French mathematician and astronomer whose work was pivotal to the development of mathematical astronomy and statistics. He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five volume Mécanique Céleste...
Wien's law Wien's law Wien's law or Wien law may refer to:* Wien approximation, an equation used to describe the short-wavelength spectrum of thermal radiation....	Physics	Wilhelm Wien Wilhelm Wien Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce Wien's displacement law, which calculates the emission of a blackbody at any temperature from the emission at any one reference temperature.He also formulated an...
Zipf's law	Linguistics	George Kingsley Zipf

See also