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Submarine power cable
 
 
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Submarine power cables are cables for electrical power running through the sea, below the surface.

A DC system may use the ground and seawater as a return path for current. However, this cannot be always practiced because of disturbances to magnetic compass systems on vessels crossing the cable and because of ecological effects of electrochemical reactions at the electrodes. Also, the impedance of the water and other things in the return path might be high.

The length of undersea AC cables is restricted by the capacitance
Capacitance

In electromagnetism and electronics, capacitance is the ability of a body to hold an electrical charge.Capacitance is also a measure of the amount of electric charge stored for a given electric potential....
 between the active conductors and the surrounding metallic shield.






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Submarine power cables are cables for electrical power running through the sea, below the surface.

A DC system may use the ground and seawater as a return path for current. However, this cannot be always practiced because of disturbances to magnetic compass systems on vessels crossing the cable and because of ecological effects of electrochemical reactions at the electrodes. Also, the impedance of the water and other things in the return path might be high.

The length of undersea AC cables is restricted by the capacitance
Capacitance

In electromagnetism and electronics, capacitance is the ability of a body to hold an electrical charge.Capacitance is also a measure of the amount of electric charge stored for a given electric potential....
 between the active conductors and the surrounding metallic shield. If the cable were to be made long enough, the reactive power produced by an AC cable would take up the entire current carrying capacity of the conductor, so no usable power would be transmitted. Therefore, for transmission of large amounts of electric power
Electric power

Electric power is defined as the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. The SI unit of power is the watt .When electric current flows in a circuit, it can transfer energy to do mechanical work or work ....
 through long submarine cables, direct current (DC) is preferred over AC, because DC cables require no reactive power. As well, for three phase AC-cables three conductors are necessary, while for DC only 1 or 2 conductors are required.

Submarine cables for AC

  • Nelson Island
    Nelson Island (British Columbia)

    Nelson Island is defined by Hotham Sound, Agammemnon Channel, and Malaspina Strait near Pender Harbour, British Columbia. It is largely depopulated and forested, the hilly island is quite remote....
     - Texada Island
    Texada Island

    Texada Island is the largest island in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada. Its northern tip is located about southwest of the city of Powell River, British Columbia in the Powell River Regional District, British Columbia on the Sunshine Coast....
     - Vancouver Island
    Vancouver Island

    Vancouver Island is a large island in British Columbia, Canada, one of several North American regions named after George Vancouver, the British Royal Navy officer who explored the Pacific Ocean coast of North America between 1791 and 1794....
     (500kV)
  • Sweden-Bornholm (110kV)
  • Spain-Morocco (380 kV)
  • Öresund (380 kV)
  • Strait of Messina (380kV), replaced overhead line crossing
    Overhead line crossing

    An overhead line crossing is the crossing of an obstacle ? such as a traffic route, a river, a valley or a strait ? by an overhead powerline. The style of crossing depends on the local conditions and regulations at the time the power line is constructed....
     (Pylons of Messina
    Pylons of Messina

    The Pylons of Messina were once used to carry a 220 kilovolt overhead power line across the Strait of Messina, between the Rizziconi substation in Calabria on the Italian mainland and the Sorgente substation in Sicily....
    )
  • Isle of Man to England Interconnector
    Isle of Man to England Interconnector

    The Isle of Man to England Interconnector is a submarine power cable connecting the Electric power transmission of the Manx Electricity Authority to that of mainland Great Britain....
     (90kV) - World's longest
  • New Brunswick
    New Brunswick

    New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only Constitution of Canada bilingual province in the federation. The provincial capital is Fredericton....
     - Prince Edward Island
    Prince Edward Island

    Prince Edward Island is a Canada Provinces and territories of Canada consisting of an island of the same name. The Maritimes is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population ....
     (200 MW)
  • Cebu
    Cebu

    Cebu , is one of the provinces of the Philippines. It is located to the east of Negros island; to the west of Leyte , and Bohol islands. It is located on both sides by the straits of Bohol , and Ta?on ....
     - Negros
    Negros

    Negros is an island of the Philippines located in the Visayas, at . It is the third-largest island in the country, with a land area of 13,328 km? ....
    , Philippines
    Philippines

    The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
    (138 kV)
  • Negros
    Negros

    Negros is an island of the Philippines located in the Visayas, at . It is the third-largest island in the country, with a land area of 13,328 km? ....
     - Panay
    Panay

    Panay may refer to*Panay Island*Panay *Panay, Capiz*Panay River*Panay Gulf* USS Panay *Panay incident...
    , Philippines
    Philippines

    The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
    (138 kV)
  • Leyte
    Leyte

    Leyte is a Provinces of the Philippines of the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas Regions of the Philippines. Its capital is Tacloban City and occupies the northern three-quarters of the Leyte Island....
     - Bohol
    Bohol

    Bohol is an island Provinces of the Philippines of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas Regions of the Philippines, consisting of Bohol and 75 minor surrounding islands....
    , Philippines
    Philippines

    The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
    (138 kV)


Submarine cables for DC

  • Baltic-Cable (between Germany and Sweden)
  • Basslink
    Basslink

    Basslink is a High-voltage direct current link crossing Bass Strait, connecting the Loy Yang Power Station, Victoria on the Australian mainland to the George Town, Tasmania substation in northern Tasmania....
     (between Victoria, Australia and Tasmania, Australia) (500kV DC) (with a length of 290 km underwater)
  • Cross-Skagerak
    Cross-Skagerak

    Cross-Skagerak is the name of an high-voltage direct current transmission facility between Tjele and Kristiansand ....
     (between Norway and Denmark)
  • Cross Sound Cable
    Cross Sound Cable

    The Cross Sound Cable is a 40 kilometer long bipolar High-voltage direct current submarine power cable between New Haven, Connecticut, USA and Shoreham, New York, Long Island New York , USA....
     (between New York's Long Island and Connecticut, USA)
  • Estlink
    Estlink

    Estlink is a HVDC submarine cable between Estonia and Finland. It is the first interconnection between the Baltic States and Nordic countries electricity markets....
     (between Estonia and Finland)
  • Fenno-Skan
    Fenno-Skan

    Fenno-Skan is the designation of the HVDC transmission between Dannebo in Sweden and Rauma, Finland in Finland....
     (Powerline between Sweden and Finland)
  • HVDC Cross-Channel
    HVDC Cross-Channel

    The HVDC Cross Channel is the High-voltage direct current connection that operates under the English Channel between the Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity and British electricity grids....
     (Submarine cable between UK and France)
  • HVDC Gotland
    HVDC Gotland

    The HVDC Gotland, on the Sweden east coast, was the first fully commercial static plant for HVDC in the world. The first HVDC Gotland link went into service in 1954....
     (the first commercial HVDC submarine cable installation)
  • HVDC Hokkaido-Honschu (between Hokkaido and Honshu)
  • HVDC Inter-Island
    HVDC Inter-Island

    The Inter-Island HVDC link is the HVDC connection between the two main islands of New Zealand. It was put into service in 1965 and is now owned and operated by Transpower New Zealand Limited....
     (Power line between the islands of New Zealand)
  • HVDC Italy-Corsica-Sardinia
    HVDC Italy-Corsica-Sardinia

    The HVDC Italy-Corsica-Sardinia is used for the exchange of electricity energy between the static inverter plant Suvereto on the Italy, the static inverter plant Lucciana on Corsica and the static inverter plant Codrongianos on Sardinia....
     (SACOI, Submarine cable link between Italy, Corsica and Sardinia)
  • HVDC Italy-Greece
    HVDC Italy-Greece

    The HVDC Italy-Greece is a monopolorar submarine power cable link between Italy and Greece with a maximum transmission rate of 500 megawatts, which went in service in 2001....
     (between Italy and Greece)
  • HVDC Leyte - Luzon
    HVDC Leyte - Luzon

    The HVDC Leyte - Luzon is a high voltage direct current transmission link in the Philippines between geothermal power plants on the island of Leyte and the southern part of island of Luzon....
     (between Leyte and Luzon)
  • HVDC Moyle
    HVDC Moyle

    The HVDC Moyle is the HVDC link between Auchencrosh in Scotland and Ballycronan More in Northern Ireland, which went into service in 2001.Northern Ireland Energy Holdings owns and operates the Moyle Interconnector which links the electricity systems of Northern Ireland and Scotland, and the Scotland to Northern Ireland natural gas transmis...
     (between Scotland and Northern Ireland)
  • HVDC NorNed
    NorNed

    NorNed is the designation of a long HVDC submarine power cable between Feda in Norway and the seaport of Eemshaven in the Netherlands, which interconnects both countries' electricity grids....
     (between Eemshaven, The Netherlands and Feda, Norway)
  • HVDC Vancouver Island
    HVDC Vancouver Island

    The HVDC Vancouver Island is the name for HVDC interconnection between the Vancouver Island Terminal near North Cowichan, British Columbia on Vancouver Island and the Arnott Substation near Delta, British Columbia on the Canada mainland, which went into operation in 1968 and was extended in 1977....
     (link between Vancouver Island and the Canadian mainland)
  • Kii Channel HVDC system
    Kii Channel HVDC system

    The Kii Channel HVDC system is at present the most powerful submarine cable HVDC transmission system in the world. The Kii Channel HVDC system connects the static inverter plant at Anan on Shikoku with the static inverter plant at Kihoku on the island Honshu....
     (through Kii-channel, Japan
    Japan

    Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
    )
  • Kontek
    Kontek

    The Kontek is a 170 kilometer long, High-voltage direct current#Monopole and earth return 400kV DC-cable for the interconnection of the Germany power grid with the electricity grid of the Danish island Sealand....
     (between Germany and Denmark)
  • Konti-Skan
    Konti-Skan

    Kontiskan is the name of High-voltage direct current transmission line between Denmark and Sweden....
     (Powerline between Sweden and Denmark)
  • Swepol
    Swepol

    SwePol is the designation of a 245 kilometre long High-voltage direct current#Monopole and earth return HVDC submarine cable between St?rn? peninsula just outside Karlshamn, Sweden, and Bruskowo Wielkie near Slupsk in Poland....
     (between Poland and Sweden)


Longest


  • NorNed
    NorNed

    NorNed is the designation of a long HVDC submarine power cable between Feda in Norway and the seaport of Eemshaven in the Netherlands, which interconnects both countries' electricity grids....
     (between Eemshaven
    Eemshaven

    Eemshaven is a seaport in Groningen , Netherlands.In 1968, the Netherlands government declared the Ems estuary to be an economic key region....
    , The Netherlands and Feda
    Feda

    Feda is a village and former municipality in Vest-Agder county, Norway.The municipality was created by a split from Kvinesdal on 1 January 1900....
    , Norway), HVDC, 700 MW, 580 km (360 mi)


See also

  • HVDC
  • AC Power Transmission
  • Single wire earth return
    Single wire earth return

    Single wire earth return or single wire ground return is a single-wire transmission line for supplying single-phase electric power electric power from an electrical grid to remote areas at low cost....