Rouen

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Rouen

Rouen ( in French

French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
) is the historical capital city of Normandy

Normandy

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
on the River Seine

Seine

The Seine is a slow flowing major river and commercial waterway within Regions of France of ?le-de-France and Haute-Normandie in France and famous as a romantic backdrop in photographs of Paris, France....
, and currently the capital of the Haute-Normandie

Haute-Normandie

Haute-Normandie is one of the 26 regions of France of France. It was created in 1956 from two d?partements: Seine-Maritime and Eure, when Normandy was divided into Basse-Normandie and Haute-Normandie....
(Upper Normandy) région. Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe, Rouen was the seat of the Exchequer

Exchequer

The Exchequer was a part of the governments of England , Scotland, and Northern Ireland that was responsible for the management and collection of revenues....
of Normandy in the Middle Ages. It was one of the capitals of the Anglo-Norman

Anglo-Norman

The Anglo-Normans were mainly the descendants of the Normans who ruled England following the conquest by William I of England in 1066, although a few Normans were already in England before the conquest....
dynasties, which ruled both England and large parts of modern France from the 11th century to the 15th century.

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Encyclopedia

Rouen ( in French

French language

Normandy

France

Seine

Haute-Normandie

Haute-Normandie is one of the 26 regions of France of France. It was created in 1956 from two d?partements: Seine-Maritime and Eure, when Normandy was divided into Basse-Normandie and Haute-Normandie....
(Upper Normandy) région. Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe, Rouen was the seat of the Exchequer

Exchequer

Anglo-Norman

Joan of Arc

Saint Joan of Arc also known as the Maid of Orleans, is a national heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in eastern France, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, claiming divine guidance, and was indirectly responsible for the coronation of Charles VII of Franc...
was burnt in 1431. People from Rouen are called Rouennais.

The population of the metropolitan area (in French: aire urbaine) at the 1999 census was 518,316 inhabitants and 541,410 inhabitants at the 2007 estimate. The city proper has an estimated population of 109,000 in 2007.

Administration

Rouen is the capital of the Haute-Normandie

Haute-Normandie

Haute-Normandie is one of the 26 regions of France of France. It was created in 1956 from two d?partements: Seine-Maritime and Eure, when Normandy was divided into Basse-Normandie and Haute-Normandie....
(Upper Normandy) région, as well as a commune and the préfecture
Prefecture

Prefecture indicates the office, seat, territorial circumscription of a Prefect. The term prefecture is also used to refer to offices analogous to prefectures....
(capital) of the Seine-Maritime

Seine-Maritime

Seine-Maritime is a France departments of France in Normandy. Before 1955 it was known as Seine-Inf?rieure....
département.

Rouen and 36 suburban communes of the metropolitan area form the Community of Agglomeration

Communauté d'agglomération

An agglomeration community is a metropolitan government structure in France, created by the Jean-Pierre Chev?nement Law of 1999. It is the second most integrated form of commune in France#intercommunality after the Urban communities in France....
of Rouen Haute-Normandie, with 393,621 inhabitants in it at the 1999 census. In descending order of population, the largest of these suburb

Suburb

Suburbs are commonly defined as the residential areas which surround the central area of the urban area of a town or city. In the United States, suburbs have a prevalence of usually detached single-family homes.....
s are Sotteville-lès-Rouen

Sotteville-lès-Rouen

Sotteville-l?s-Rouen is a communes of France and chief town of two cantons of France in the Seine-Maritime departments of France of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France....
, Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray

Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray

Saint-?tienne-du-Rouvray is a communes of France and chief town of a cantons of France in the Seine-Maritime departments of France of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France....
, Le Grand-Quevilly

Le Grand-Quevilly

Le Grand-Quevilly is a communes of France and chief town of a cantons of France in the Seine-Maritime departments of France of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France....
, Le Petit-Quevilly

Le Petit-Quevilly

Le Petit-Quevilly is a communes of France and chief town of a cantons of France in the Seine-Maritime departments of France of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France....
, and Mont-Saint-Aignan

Mont-Saint-Aignan

Mont-Saint-Aignan is a communes of France and chief town of a cantons of France in the Seine-Maritime departments of France of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France....
, each with a population exceeding 20,000 inhabitants.

History

Rouen was founded by the Gaul

Gaul

Gaul is the name used for the region of Western Europe comprising part of present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the River Rhine....
ish tribe of the Veliocassi, who controlled a large area in the lower Seine valley. They called it Ratumacos; the Romans

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
called it Rotomagus. Roman Rotomagus was the second city of Gallia Lugdunensis

Gallia Lugdunensis

Gallia Lugdunensis was a Roman province of the Roman Empire in what is now the modern country of France, part of the Celtic territory of Gaul....
after Lugdunum (Lyon)

Lugdunum

Colonia Copia Claudia Augusta Lugdunum was an important Ancient Rome city in Gaul. The city was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus. It served as the capital of the Roman province Gallia Lugdunensis....
itself. Under the reorganization of Diocletian

Diocletian

Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles and commonly known as Diocletian , was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305....
, Rouen was the chief city of the divided province Gallia Lugdunensis II and reached the apogee of its Roman development, with an amphitheatre and thermae
Thermae

The terms balnea or thermae were the words the Ancient Rome used for the buildings housing their public baths.Most Roman cities had at least one, if not many, such buildings, which were centers of public bathing and socialization....
of which foundations remain. In the fifth century it became the seat of a bishopric, though the names of early bishops are purely legendary and later a capital of Merovingian Neustria

Neustria

The territory of Neustria or Neustrasia, meaning "new [western] land", originated in 511, made up of the regions from Aquitaine to the English Channel, approximating most of the north of present-day France, with Paris and Soissons as its main cities....
.

From their first incursion in the lower valley of the Seine in 841, the Normans

Normans

The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. They descended from Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of mostly Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock....
overran Rouen; from 912 Rouen was the capital of the Duchy of Normandy

Duchy of Normandy

The 'Duchy of Normandy' stems from various Denmark, Hiberno-Norse, Orkney Viking and Anglo-Danish invasions of France in the 8th century. A fief, probably as a county, was created by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte in 911 out of concessions made by Charles the Simple, and granted to Rollo of Normandy, leader of the Vikings known as Nort...
and residence of the dukes

Duke of Normandy

Duke of Normandy is a title held or claimed by various Normans, France, England and United Kingdom rulers from the 10th century until the present, in recognition of their history....
until William the Conqueror established his castle at Caen

Caen

Caen is a commune in France in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the Calvados Departments of France and the capital of the Basse-Normandie r?gion in France....
.

In 1150 Rouen received its founding charter, permitting self-government. During the twelfth century Rouen was the site of a yeshiva

Yeshiva

Yeshiva or yeshivah , or metivta or mesivta ) also frequently referred to as a Beth midrash, Talmudical Academy, Rabbinical Academy or Rabbinical School is an institution unique to classical Judaism for Torah study, the study of Talmud, Rabbinic literature and History of responsa....
; at that time, about 6,000 Jews lived in the town, comprising about 20% of the population, in addition to a large number of Jews scattered about another 100 communities in Normandy

Normandy

Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is situated along the coast of France south of the English Channel between Brittany and Picardy and comprises territory in northern France and the Channel Islands....
. The well-preserved remains of the yeshiva were discovered in the 1970s under the Rouen Law Courts, and the community has begun a project to restore them.

In 1200 a fire destroyed a part of the old cathedral and the present Gothic mainworks cathedral of Rouen

Rouen Cathedral

Rouen Cathedral is a Gothic architecture cathedral in Rouen, in northwestern France. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Rouen and Normandy....
were begun. On June 24, 1204 Philippe Auguste entered Rouen and definitively annexed Normandy to the French Kingdom

France in the Middle Ages

France in the Middle Ages covers an area roughly corresponding to modern day France, from the death of Charlemagne in 814 to the middle of the 15th century....
. He demolished the Norman castle and replaced it with his own, the Château Bouvreuil, built on the site of the Gallo-Roman amphitheatre. A textile industry developed, based on wool imported from England, for which the cities of Flanders and Brabant were constantly competitors, and finding its market in the Champagne fairs

Champagne fairs

The Champagne fairs were an annual cycle of trading fairs held in towns in the Champagne, France and Brie regions of France in the Middle Ages....
. Rouen depended for its prosperity also on the river traffic of the Seine, of which it enjoyed a monopoly that reached as far upstream as Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
. Wine and wheat were exported to England, as tin and wool received in return. In the fourteenth century urban strife threatened the city: in 1291 the mayor was assassinated and noble residences in the city were pillaged. Philip IV

Philip IV of France

Philip IV , called the Fair , son and successor of Philip III of France, reigned as List of French monarchs from 1285 until his death. He was the husband of Joan I of Navarre, by virtue of which he was List of Navarrese royal consorts and Counts of Champagne from 1284 to 1305....
reimposed order and suppressed the city's charter and the lucrative monopoly on river traffic; but he was quite willing for the Rouennais to repurchase their old liberties in 1294. In 1306 he decided to expel the Jewish community of Rouen, then numbering some five or six thousands. In 1389 another urban revolt of the underclass occurred, the Harelle; it was part of widespread rebellion in France that year and was suppressed with the withdrawal of Rouen's charter and river-traffic privileges once more.

During the Hundred Years' War

Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne, which was vacant with the extinction of the senior House of Capet line of French kings....
, on January 19, 1419, Rouen surrendered to Henry V of England

Henry V of England

Henry V was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422....
, who annexed Normandy

Normandy

Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is situated along the coast of France south of the English Channel between Brittany and Picardy and comprises territory in northern France and the Channel Islands....
once again to the Plantagenet domains. But Rouen did not go quietly: Alan Blanchard hung English prisoners from the walls, for which he was summarily executed; Canon of Rouen Robert de Livet became a hero for excommunicating the English king, resulting in de Livet's imprisonment for five years in England. Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc

Saint Joan of Arc also known as the Maid of Orleans, is a national heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in eastern France, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, claiming divine guidance, and was indirectly responsible for the coronation of Charles VII of Franc...
was burned at the stake in Rouen on May 30, 1431 in this city, where most inhabitants supported the duke of Burgundy, Joan of Arc's king enemy. The king of France Charles VII

Charles VII of France

File:Charles VII Franc a cheval 1422 1423.jpgCharles VII , called the Victorious or the Well-Served , was List of French monarchs from 1422 to his death, though he was initially opposed by Henry VI of England, whose Regent ruled much of France from Paris....
recaptured the town in 1449.

The city was heavily damaged during World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
on D-day

D-Day

D-Day is a term often used in military parlance to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. "D-Day" often represents a variable , designating the day upon which some significant event will occur or has occurred; see Military designation of days and hours for similar terms....
and its famed cathedral was almost destroyed by Allied bombs. During the Nazi occupation, the German Navy

German Navy

The German Navy The German Navy traces its roots back to the Imperial Fleet of the Revolutions of 1848 and more directly to the Prussian Navy, which later evolved into the Northern German Federal Navy and became the Imperial Navy ....
had its headquarters located in a chateau on the École Supérieure de Commerce de Rouen campus.

Main sights

Rouen is known for its Notre Dame cathedral

Rouen Cathedral

Rouen Cathedral is a Gothic architecture cathedral in Rouen, in northwestern France. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Rouen and Normandy....
, with its Tour de Beurre (butter tower). The cathedral was the subject of a series of paintings by Claude Monet

Claude Monet

Claude Monet also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet was a founder of French impressionism painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting....
, some of which are exhibited in the Musée d'Orsay

Musée d'Orsay

The Mus?e d'Orsay is a museum in Paris, France, on the left bank of the Seine, housed in the former railway station, the Gare d'Orsay. It holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915, including paintings, sculptures, furniture, and Fine art photography, and is probably best known for its extensive collection of impressionist masterpieces...
in Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
.

The Gros Horloge is an astronomical clock

Astronomical clock

An astronomical clock is a clock with special mechanisms and dials to display astronomical information, such as the relative positions of the sun, moon, zodiacal constellations, and sometimes major planets....
(dating back to the16th century) though the movement is considerably older (1389). It is located in the Gros Horloge street.

Other famous structures include the Gothic

Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture which flourished during the high and late Middle Ages. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
Church of Saint Maclou (15th century); the Tour Jeanne d'Arc, where Joan of Arc was brought in 1431 to be threatened with torture (contrary to popular belief, she was not imprisoned there); the Church of Saint Ouen (12th–15th century); the Palais de Justice
Palais de Justice

Palais de justice is French language for "Hall of Justice", and is the name commonly given to courthouses in French-speaking countries.*Palais de Justice, Paris...
, which was once the seat of the Parlement
Parlement

The political institutions of the Parlement in ancien r?gime France developed out of the previous council of the king, the Conseil du roi or curia regis, and consequently had ancient and customary rights of consultation and deliberation....
(French court of law) of Normandy and the Museum of Fine Arts and Ceramics which contains a splendid collection of faïence

Faience

Faience or fa?ence is the conventional name in English language for fine tin-glazed pottery on a delicate pale buff body. The invention of a white pottery glaze suitable for painted decoration, by the addition of an stannous oxide to the slip of a lead glaze, was a major advance in the history of pottery....
and porcelain

Porcelain

Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between and ....
for which Rouen was renowned during the 16th to 18th centuries.

Rouen is noted for its surviving half-timbered buildings.

There are many museums in Rouen: Musée des beaux-arts de Rouen

Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen

The mus?e des Beaux-Arts de Rouen is an art museum in the heart of the French city of Rouen. Its building was renovated, completed in 1994. 18th and 19th century art is particularly well represented. Its current director is Laurent Salom?....
, an art museum with pictures of well-known painters such as Monet, Musée maritime fluvial et portuaire, a museum on the history of the port of Rouen and navigation, Musée des antiquités, an art and history museum with antic or gothic works, Musée de la céramique, Musée Le Secq des Tournelles...

The Jardin des Plantes de Rouen

Jardin des Plantes de Rouen

File:Jardin des Plantes .jpgThe Jardin des Plantes de Rouen is a municipal botanical garden located at 7, rue de Trianon, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France....
is a notable botanical garden

Botanical garden

Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes. Botanists and horticulturalists tend the flora and maintain the garden's library and herbarium of dried and documented plant material....
dating to 1840 in its present form; it was previously owned by Scottish banker John Law

John Law

John Law may refer to:*John Law *John Law *John Law , Hong Kong film director*John Law , mayor of Rodney District in New Zealand*John Law , U.S....
and the site of several historic balloon ascents.

In the centre of the Place du Vieux Marché is the modern church of Saint Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc

Saint Joan of Arc also known as the Maid of Orleans, is a national heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in eastern France, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, claiming divine guidance, and was indirectly responsible for the coronation of Charles VII of Franc...
. This is a large, modern structure which dominates the square. The form of the building represents the pyre on which Joan of Arc was burnt.

Rouen was also home to the French Grand Prix

French Grand Prix

The French Grand Prix was a race held as part of F?d?ration Internationale de l'Automobile's annual Formula One automobile racing championships....
, hosting the race at the nearby Rouen-Les-Essarts

Rouen-Les-Essarts

Rouen-Les-Essarts was a 6.542 km race track in Grand-Couronne, near Rouen, France.From its opening in 1950, Rouen-Les-Essarts was recognized as one of Europe's finest circuits, with modern pits, a wide track, and spectator grandstands....
track sporadically between 1952

1952 Formula One season

In comparison to previous seasons, the 1952 Formula One season consisted of a relatively small number of Formula One races, following the FIA's decision to run the World Drivers' Championship to Formula Two regulations rather than Formula One....
and 1968

1968 Formula One season

The 1968 Formula One season included the 19th FIA Formula One World Championship season, which commenced on January 1, 1968, and ended on November 3 after twelve races....
.

Transport

Rouen is served by a light rail

Light rail

Light rail or light rail transit is a form of urban rail transit public transportation that generally has a lower capacity and lower speed than Passenger_rail_terminology#Heavy_rail and rapid transit systems, but higher capacity and higher speed than street-running tram systems....
system opened in 1994, the Métro

Tramway de Rouen

The Tramway de Rouen was a network of tramway lines in the Normandy city of Rouen, France.The tramway system was operated by three companies, all using standard gauge tramcars....
. It branches into two lines out of a metro tunnel running through the city center. Rouen is also served by bus

Bus

A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. A bus can generally seat a maximum of anywhere from 8 to 200 passengers; many more passengers than a minivan....
es run in conjunction with the tramway by the local transport authority, Metrobus

Metrobus

Metrobus may refer to:* MCW Metrobus, a bus model manufactured by Metro Cammell Weymann in the 1970s and 1980s* Metrobus , a bus operator in south-east England...
.

Education

Higher education in Rouen is provided by the University of Rouen

University of Rouen

The University of Rouen is a French university, in the Academy of Rouen.See also* List of public universities in France by academy...
, the École Supérieure de Commerce de Rouen

École Supérieure de Commerce de Rouen

The Ecole Sup?rieure de Commerce de Rouen is a leading France business school.ESC Rouen's quality is recognized at European level through its EQUIS accreditation and its Financial Times' ranking 13th position best European Master in Management....
(located at nearby Mont-Saint-Aignan

Mont-Saint-Aignan

Mont-Saint-Aignan is a communes of France and chief town of a cantons of France in the Seine-Maritime departments of France of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France....
), INSA Rouen

Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rouen

INSA de Rouen is a French grande ?cole, that is to say a five-year curriculum which aims at training engineers who possess humane qualities and are well versed in the primary areas of science and engineering....
, and .

Births

Rouen was the birthplace of:

Edward IV (1442-1483), king of England
Isaac Oliver
Isaac Oliver

Isaac Oliver was a France-born England portrait portrait miniature painter.Born in Rouen, he moved to London in 1568 with his Huguenot parents Peter and Epiphany Oliver to escape the Wars of Religion in France....
(c.1560-1617), French-born English portrait miniature
Portrait miniature

A portrait miniature is a miniature portrait painting, usually executed in gouache or watercolor painting.Portrait miniatures began to flourish in 16th century Europe and the art was practiced during the 17th century and 18th century....
painter
Samuel Bochart
Samuel Bochart

Samuel Bochart was a French Protestant biblical scholar, a student of Thomas van Erpe and the teacher of Pierre Daniel Huet. His two-volume Geographia Sacra seu Phaleg et Canaan exerted a profound influence on seventeenth-century Biblical exegesis....
(1599-1667), theologian and Orientalist
Pierre Corneille
Pierre Corneille

File:Pierre Corneille 3.jpgPierre Corneille was a French tragedy who was one of the three great seventeenth Century French dramatists, along with Moli?re and Jean Racine....
(1606-1684), tragedian
Tragedy

Tragedy is a form of The arts based on human suffering that offers its audience pleasure. While most cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, tragedy refers to a specific Poetic tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western culture....
Guillaume Couture
Guillaume Couture

Guillaume Couture was a citizen of New France. During his life he was a lay missonary with the Jesuits, a survivor of torture, a member of a Mohawk nation council, a translator, a diplomat, a militia captain, and a lay leader among the colonists of the Pointe-Levy in the Seigneury of Lauzon....
(1617-1701-04-04), Lay Missionary and diplomat who moved to Quebec around 1640
Adrien Auzout
Adrien Auzout

Adrien Auzout was a France astronomer.He was born in Rouen, France, the son of a clerk in the court of Rouen. His educational background is unknown....
(1622-1691), astronomer
Astronomer

An astronomer is a scientist who studies Celestial body such as planets, stars, and Galaxy.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws....
Thomas Corneille
Thomas Corneille

Thomas Corneille was a French dramatist. He was the brother of Pierre Corneille.Born in Rouen nearly twenty years after his brother, the "great Corneille", Thomas's skill as a poet seems to have shown itself early....
(1625-1709), dramatist, brother of Pierre Corneille
Noel Alexandre
Noel Alexandre

No?l Alexandre, or Natalis Alexander was a French theology and ecclesiastical historian. In 1654, he joined the Dominican Order in his hometown....
(1630-1724), theologian
Theology

Theology is the study of the existence or attributes of a deity or gods, or more generally the study of religion or spirituality. It is sometimes contrasted with religious studies: theology is understood as the study of religion from an internal perspective , and religious studies as the study of religion from an external perspective....
and ecclesiastical historian
Marie Champmeslé
Marie Champmeslé

Marie Champmesl? was a France actress.She was born in Rouen of a good family; her father's name was Desmares. She made her first appearance on the stage at Rouen with Charles Chevillet Champmesl? , who called himself sieur de Champmesl?, and they were married in 1666....
(1642-1698), actress
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle

Ren? Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de LaSalle was a France List of explorers. He explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico....
(1643-1687), cleric and explorer
List of explorers

This list of explorers is sorted by surname. See also the links #See also.A B C D E F G ...
Gabriel Daniel
Gabriel Daniel

Gabriel Daniel , France Jesuit historian, was born in Rouen.He was educated by the Jesuits, entered the order at the age of eighteen, and became superior at Paris....
(1649-1728), Jesuit
Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus is a Roman Catholic religious order of clerks regular whose members are called Jesuits, Soldiers of Jesus Christ, and Foot soldiers of the Pope, because the founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a knight before becoming a Holy Orders....
historian
Historian

A historian is an individual who studies and writes about history, and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, systematic narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all events in time....
Nicolas Lemery
Nicolas Lemery

Nicolas L?mery French chemist, was born at Rouen who was one of the first to develop theories on acid-base chemistry.After learning pharmacy in his native town he became a pupil of Christophe Glaser in Paris, and then went to Montpellier, where he began to lecture on chemistry....
(1645-1715), chemist
Jean Jouvenet
Jean Jouvenet

Jean-Baptiste Jouvenet was a French painters.He came from an artistic family, one of whom Noel Jouvenetmay have taught Nicolas Poussin.He early showed remarkable aptitude for his profession, and, on arriving in Paris, attracted the attention of Charles Le Brun, by whom he was employed at Versailles, and under whose auspices, in 1675,...
(1647-1717), painter
Jacques Basnages
Jacques Basnages

Jacques Basnages De Beauval was a celebrated Protestant divine, preacher, linguist, writer and man of affairs. He wrote a History of the Reformed Churches and on Jewish Antiquities....
(1653-1723), Protestant divine
Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle
Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle

Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, also referred to as Bernard le Bouyer de Fontenelle was a France author.Fontenelle was born in Rouen, France ....
(1657-1757), author
Author

An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created....
Pierre Antoine Motteux (1663-1718), English translator and dramatist
Pierre François le Courayer
Pierre François le Courayer

Pierre Fran?ois le Courayer , was a France Roman Catholic theology writer.Pierre Fran?ois le Courayer was born at Rouen. While canon regular and librarian of the abbey of St Genevieve at Paris, he conducted a correspondence with Archbishop William Wake on the subject of episcopal succession in England, which supplied him with material for h...
(1681-1776), Catholic theological
Theology

Theology is the study of the existence or attributes of a deity or gods, or more generally the study of religion or spirituality. It is sometimes contrasted with religious studies: theology is understood as the study of religion from an internal perspective , and religious studies as the study of religion from an external perspective....
writer
François d'Agincourt
François d'Agincourt

Fran?ois d'Agincourt was a French composer, harpsichordist and organist....
(1684-1758), composer
Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
, harpsichordist
Harpsichordist

A harpsichordist is a person who plays the harpsichord.Many baroque music composers played the harpsichord, including Johann Sebastian Bach, Domenico Scarlatti, George Frideric Handel, Fran?ois Couperin and Jean-Philippe Rameau....
and organist
Organist

An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ . An organist may play organ repertoire, play with an musical ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumentalist....
Jean II Restout
Jean II Restout

Jean II Restout was a France Neoclassicism painter....
(1692 - 1768), painter
Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (1711-1780), novelist
Jacques-François Blondel
Jacques-François Blondel

Jacques-Fran?ois Blondel was a France architect. He was the grandson of Fran?ois Blondel , whose course of architecture had appeared in four volumes in 1683 ...
(1705 - 1774), architect
Architect

An architect is trained and licenced in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e....
, urbanist
Jacques Duphly
Jacques Duphly

Jacques Duphly was a France harpsichord and composer.He was born in Rouen, France, the son of Jacques-Agathe Duphly and Marie-Louise Boivin. As a boy, he studied the harpsichord and Organ_, and was employed as organist at the cathedral in ?vreux....
(1715-1789), harpsichord
Harpsichord

A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a musical keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when each Key is pressed....
ist and composer
Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
Pierre Levieux (1702-1796), capitaine
Capitaine

Capitaine, derived from the French for Captain , may also refer to:...
du navire
François-Adrien Boïeldieu
François-Adrien Boïeldieu

Fran?ois-Adrien Boieldieu was a France composer, mainly of operas....
(1775-1834), composer
Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
, mainly of opera
Opera

Opera is an Performing arts in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work which combines a text and a musical score. Opera is part of the Western classical music tradition....
s
Pierre Louis Dulong
Pierre Louis Dulong

Pierre Louis Dulong was a France physicist and chemist, remembered today largely for the law of Dulong and Petit....
(1785-1838), physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
and chemist
Chemist

A chemist is a scientist trained in the science of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density, acidity, size and shape....
Théodore Géricault
Théodore Géricault

Th?odore G?ricault was an important French painter and lithographer, known for The Raft of the Medusa and other paintings. Although he died young, he became one of the pioneers of the Romanticism....
(1791-1824), painter, painted The Raft of the Medusa
Armand Carrel
Armand Carrel

Armand Carrel was a France journalist and political writer....
(1800-1836), writer
Pierre Adolphe Chéruel
Pierre Adolphe Chéruel

Pierre Adolphe Ch?ruel , was a France historian.He was born at Rouen and educated at the ?cole Normale Sup?rieure, becoming a fellow in 1830....
(1809-1891), historian
Historian

A historian is an individual who studies and writes about history, and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, systematic narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all events in time....
Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Flaubert

Gustave Flaubert was a France writer who is counted among the greatest Western literature. He is known especially for his first published novel, Madame Bovary , and for his scrupulous devotion to his art and style....
(1821-1880), novelist, who wrote Madame Bovary
Madame Bovary

Madame Bovary is a novel by Gustave Flaubert, often considered his masterpiece. The novel focuses on a doctor's wife, Emma Bovary, who has adultery and lives beyond her means in order to escape the banalities and emptiness of provincial life....
Eugène Ketterer
Eugène Ketterer

Eug?ne Ketterer was a French composer and pianist.In early youth he was a student at the Paris Conservatoire, where he won Second Prize for solfege in 1847....
(1831-1870), composer and pianist
Maurice Leblanc
Maurice Leblanc

Maurice-Marie-?mile Leblanc was a France novelist and writer of short stories, known primarily as the creator of the fictional gentleman thief and detective Ars?ne Lupin, often described as a French counterpart to Arthur Conan Doyle's creation Sherlock Holmes....
(1864-1941), novelist, creator of the character Arsène Lupin
Arsène Lupin

Ars?ne Lupin is a fictional character who appears in a book series of detective fiction / crime fiction novels written by France writer Maurice Leblanc, as well as a number of non-canonical sequels and numerous film, television, stage play and comic book adaptations....
Charles Nicolle
Charles Nicolle

Charles Jules Henry Nicolle was a French bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his identification of lice as the transmitter of epidemic typhus....
(1866-1936), bacteriologist who earned the 1928 Nobel Prize in Medicine
Georges Guillain
Georges Guillain

Georges Charles Guillain was a France neurologist.He was born in Rouen. After customary schooling, Georges Guillain commenced the study of medicine in his native town, but after two years moved to Paris, where he received his clinical education at several hospitals....
(1876-1961), neurologist
Marcel Dupré
Marcel Dupré

Marcel Dupr? , was a French organist, pianist, composer, and pedagogue....
(1886-1971), organist
Organist

An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ . An organist may play organ repertoire, play with an musical ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumentalist....
and composer
Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
Philippe Étancelin
Philippe Étancelin

Philippe ?tancelin was a French Grand Prix motor racing driver who joined the new Formula One circuit at its inception....
(1896-1981), Grand Prix motor racing
Grand Prix motor racing

Grand Prix motor racing has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as far back as 1894. It quickly evolved from a simple road race from one town to the next, to Endurance racing for car and driver....
Roger Apéry
Roger Apéry

Roger Ap?ry was a Greeks-France mathematician most remembered for Ap?ry's theorem, that ? is an irrational number where ? denotes the Riemann zeta function....
(1916–1994), mathematician
Jacques Rivette
Jacques Rivette

Jacques Rivette is a French film director.With Jean-Luc Godard, Jacques Rivette is considered to be the most experimental of the French New Wave directors....
(born 1928), film director
Film director

A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a film. A film director visualizes the Screenplay, controlling a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of his or her vision....
Anny Duperey
Anny Duperey

Anny Duperey is a French Stage , film and television actress and best-selling author.Duperey made her screen debut in the 1967 Jean-Luc Godard film, "2 ou 3 choses que je sais d'elle" ....
(born 1947), actress and novelist
François Hollande
François Hollande

Fran?ois Hollande is a French politician. From 1997 to 2008, he was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party. He is also a Chamber of Deputies from the d?partement in France of Corr?ze and the mayor of Tulle....
(born 1953), politician and Parti Socialiste
Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party is the largest left-wing politics political party in France. It replaced the French Section of the Workers' International in 1969....
's first secretary
Élise Lucet
Élise Lucet

Elise Lucet, born 30 May 1963 in Rouen , France, is a France investigative journalist and television host. She has worked on France 3 on the evening news investigative journalism program Pieces a Conviction, and began working for France 2 on 6 September 2005, to host the program 13 heures le journal....
(born 1963), journalist
Stéphan Caron
Stéphan Caron

St?phan Caron, sometimes spelled St?phane Caron, is a former Freestyle swimming swimmer from France.Caron won the bronze medal in the Men's 100m Freestyle at the Summer Olympics twice in a row, starting in 1988....
(born 1966), freestyle
Freestyle swimming

Freestyle is an unregulated swimming style used in swimming competitions according to the rules of International Swimming Federation. The front crawl stroke is almost universally used during a freestyle race, as this style is generally the fastest....
swimmer
Karin Viard
Karin Viard

Karin Viard, born , is a multi-award-winning French actress. She made her film debut in Tatie Danielle in 1990. Since then she has appeared in such films as Delicatessen , L'Emploi du temps, Adult?re, mode d'emploi and La parenth?se enchant?e....
(born 1966), actress
Vincent Delerm
Vincent Delerm

Vincent Delerm is a France singer-songwriter, pianist and composer. He is the son of the writer Philippe Delerm.His first album was released in 2002, the second, Kensington Square, in 2004, the third Les Piq?res d'araign?e in 2006 ....
(born 1976), singer-songwriter
Singer-songwriter

File:Joan Baez Bob Dylan crop.jpgSinger-songwriter is a term that refers to performers who Lyricist, composer and singing their own Musical piece including lyrics and melody....
, pianist
Pianist

A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an musical ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers....
David Trezeguet
David Trézéguet

David Sergio Trezeguet ; born October 15, 1977 in Rouen) is a French football striker who plays for Juventus F.C. and played for France national football team....
(born 1977), French-Argentine
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
football
Football (soccer)

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
striker
Striker

Forwards, also known as attackers and strikers, are the players on a team in association football who play nearest to the opposing team's goal, and are therefore principally responsible for scoring goals....
Yan Sumaili (born 1993), French-English
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
football
Football (soccer)

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
defender

Twin towns

Rouen is twinned with: Cleveland, United States of America Hanover

Hanover

Hanover or Hannover#Definitions , on the river Leine, is the capital city of the Federal states of Germany of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the House of Hanover, in their dignities as the dukes of Brunswick-L?neburg ....
, Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
Norwich

Norwich

Norwich , is a city status in the United Kingdom in Norfolk, East Anglia which is in Eastern England. It is the regional administrative centre and county city of Norfolk....
, United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
Ningbo

Ningbo

Ningbo is a seaport with sub-provincial city. The city has a population of 2,182,000 and is situated in northeastern Zhejiang province of China, People's Republic of China....
, China

China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
Salerno

Salerno

Salerno is a town in southern Italy, capital of the Province of Salerno of the same name, in the region of Campania. It is located on the Gulf of Salerno on the Tyrrhenian Sea....
, Italy

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
, since 2003 Wejherowo

Wejherowo

Wejherowo [] is a town in Gdansk Pomerania, northern Poland, with 47,000 inhabitants . It has been the capital of Wejherowo County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999; previously, it was a town in Gdansk Voivodeship ....
, Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....

In fiction and popular culture

Fine art

The Rouen Cathedral was the subject for a series of paintings by the Impressionist

Impressionism

Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists art exhibition their art publicly in the 1860s....
painter Claude Monet

Claude Monet

National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art is a national art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The museum was established in 1938 by the United States Congress, with funds for construction and a substantial art collection donated by Andrew W....
in Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the Capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790....
; one is in the National Museum of Serbia

National Museum of Serbia

The National Museum in Belgrade, Serbia was founded in 1844. It is on Republic Square. Since it was founded, its collections have grown drastically....
in Belgrade

Belgrade

Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city lies on international waterway, at the confluence of the Sava River and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkan Peninsula....
. The estimated value of one painting is over $40 million.

Literature

The character Erik, or The Opera Ghost of Gaston Leroux
Gaston Leroux

Gaston Louis Alfred Leroux was a France journalist and author of detective fiction.In the English-speaking world, he is best known for writing the novel The Phantom of the Opera , which has been made into several film and stage productions of the same name, such as the Phantom of the Opera starring Lon Chaney, Sr.; and Andrew Lloy...
's novel The Phantom of the Opera
The Phantom of the Opera

The Phantom of the Opera is a French language novel by Gaston Leroux. It was first published as a serialization in Le Gaulois from September 23, 1909 to January 8, 1910....
was supposedly born in Rouen.
Rouen also played a major part in the Flaubert novel "Madame Bovary."
Maupassant, a student of Flaubert, wrote a number of short stories based in and around Rouen.

Music

The British

United Kingdom

Rock Band

Rock Band is a music video game developed by Harmonix Music Systems, published by MTV, and distributed by Electronic Arts. It is the first title in the Rock Band....
Supergrass

Supergrass

Supergrass are an England alternative rock band from Oxford. The band consists of brothers Gaz Coombes and Rob Coombes , Danny Goffey , and Mick Quinn ....
named their fifth studio album Road to Rouen
Road to Rouen

Road to Rouen is the fifth studio album by England rock band Supergrass, released in the UK on 15 August 2005 . The album was recorded in a converted barn in Rouen, Normandy, and was a difficult album for the band due to personal reasons including Danny Goffey's tabloid ordeal and the death of the Coombes' mother....
, punning on an Anglicised version of the city name's pronunciation.

Film

In the 2001 movie A Knight's Tale
A Knight's Tale (film)

A Knight's Tale is a 2001 in film action film/adventure film/romantic comedy film directed, produced, and written by Brian Helgeland. The film stars Heath Ledger, Shannyn Sossamon, Mark Addy, Alan Tudyk, and Paul Bettany as Geoffrey Chaucer....
, the protagonist William Thatcher played by Heath Ledger

Heath Ledger

Heath Andrew Ledger was an Australian television and film actor. After performing roles in Australian television and film during the 1990s, Ledger moved to the United States in 1998 to develop his movie career....
poses as a noble and competes in his first jousting tournament at Rouen.

Computer games

The game Call of Duty 3 features a map set in Rouen. The map, entitled Rouen, is mainly city and offers fierce city fighting, much like that seen in World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
.
In the Soul Calibur
Soul Calibur

is the second game in the Soul of fighting games developed and produced by Namco. Originally released in the arcades running on the Namco Namco System 12 hardware, Soulcalibur was ported to the Sega Dreamcast with improved graphics and new features, where it became one of the best-selling Dreamcast titles overall....
series of fighting games, Raphael, a playable character, is explained as being born in Rouen. Interestingly, his fighting style involves an English rapier
Rapier

A rapier is a relatively slender, sharply pointed sword, used mainly for thrusting attacks, mainly in use in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries....
.
Rouen appears as an important location to protagonist Alice Elliot in the game Shadow Hearts
Shadow Hearts

is a series of console role-playing game for the PlayStation 2. The original Shadow Hearts was developed by Sacnoth and released by Midway Games in the United States on December 11 2001....
.
The Rouen-Les-Essarts
Rouen-Les-Essarts

Rouen-Les-Essarts was a 6.542 km race track in Grand-Couronne, near Rouen, France.From its opening in 1950, Rouen-Les-Essarts was recognized as one of Europe's finest circuits, with modern pits, a wide track, and spectator grandstands....
Grand Prix circuit is featured in both Grand Prix Legends
Grand Prix Legends

Grand Prix Legends is a personal computer racing simulator developed by Papyrus Design Group and published in 1998 by Sierra Entertainment. It simulates the 1967 Formula One season and is considered by many people one of the most realistic racing games ever released....
and RFactor
RFactor

rFactor is a personal computer racing simulator designed with the ability to run any type of four-wheeled vehicle from street cars to Open wheel car cars of any era....
.
The PC adventure game Touché: The Adventures of the Fifth Musketeer
Touché: The Adventures of the Fifth Musketeer

Touch?: The Adventures of the Fifth Musketeer is an adventure game developed by the British software company Clipper Software.The game is about Geoffroi Le Brun who wants to become a musketeer....
starts in Rouen.

External links

Photo galleries (free of rights): ] ]
, by Théodore Licquet, 1840, from Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg

Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive and distribute cultural works, as founder Michael Hart said "To encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks."....