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Duke of Normandy is a title
Title

A title is a Prefix or Suffix added to a person's name to signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification....
 held or claimed by various Norman
Normans

The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. They descended from Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of mostly Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock....
, French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, English
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 and British
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 rulers from the 10th century until the present, in recognition of their history. The title refers to the region of Normandy
Normandy

Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is situated along the coast of France south of the English Channel between Brittany and Picardy and comprises territory in northern France and the Channel Islands....
 in France and several associated islands
Channel Islands

The Channel Islands are a group of islands in the English Channel, off the France coast of Normandy. They include two separate bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey....
 in the English Channel
English Channel

The English Channel is an Arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest, to only in the Strait of Dover....
.

The title of Duke of Normandy is currently held by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
, who reigns over the Channel Islands.. Since the fall of the French Ancien Rιgime
Ancien Rιgime

Ancien R?gime refers primarily to the aristocracy, sociology, and politics system established in France under the Valois Dynasty and House of Bourbon dynasties ....
 in 1789, there has been no French claimant to the title.

fiefdom of Normandy
Duchy of Normandy

The 'Duchy of Normandy' stems from various Denmark, Hiberno-Norse, Orkney Viking and Anglo-Danish invasions of France in the 8th century. A fief, probably as a county, was created by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte in 911 out of concessions made by Charles the Simple, and granted to Rollo of Normandy, leader of the Vikings known as Nort...
 was created in 911 for the Viking
Viking

A Viking is one of the Norsemen explorers, warriors, merchants, and Piracy who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the late eighth to the early eleventh century....
 leader Rollo
Rollo of Normandy

Rollo , baptised Robert, was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy.The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrolf ....
 (also known as Rolf).

Rollo and his Viking allies conquered a large region of France and besieged Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
 until entering vassalage to Charles the Simple
Charles the Simple

Charles III , called the Simple or the Straightforward , was a member of the Carolingian dynasty who ruled as List of French monarchs from 893 to 922/923....
, the king of the West Franks through the Treaty of St.-Claire-sur-Epte.






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Duke of Normandy is a title
Title

A title is a Prefix or Suffix added to a person's name to signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification....
 held or claimed by various Norman
Normans

The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. They descended from Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of mostly Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock....
, French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, English
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 and British
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 rulers from the 10th century until the present, in recognition of their history. The title refers to the region of Normandy
Normandy

Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is situated along the coast of France south of the English Channel between Brittany and Picardy and comprises territory in northern France and the Channel Islands....
 in France and several associated islands
Channel Islands

The Channel Islands are a group of islands in the English Channel, off the France coast of Normandy. They include two separate bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey....
 in the English Channel
English Channel

The English Channel is an Arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest, to only in the Strait of Dover....
.

The title of Duke of Normandy is currently held by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
, who reigns over the Channel Islands.. Since the fall of the French Ancien Rιgime
Ancien Rιgime

Ancien R?gime refers primarily to the aristocracy, sociology, and politics system established in France under the Valois Dynasty and House of Bourbon dynasties ....
 in 1789, there has been no French claimant to the title.

Rollo the Viking

The fiefdom of Normandy
Duchy of Normandy

The 'Duchy of Normandy' stems from various Denmark, Hiberno-Norse, Orkney Viking and Anglo-Danish invasions of France in the 8th century. A fief, probably as a county, was created by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte in 911 out of concessions made by Charles the Simple, and granted to Rollo of Normandy, leader of the Vikings known as Nort...
 was created in 911 for the Viking
Viking

A Viking is one of the Norsemen explorers, warriors, merchants, and Piracy who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the late eighth to the early eleventh century....
 leader Rollo
Rollo of Normandy

Rollo , baptised Robert, was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy.The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrolf ....
 (also known as Rolf).

Rollo and his Viking allies conquered a large region of France and besieged Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
 until entering vassalage to Charles the Simple
Charles the Simple

Charles III , called the Simple or the Straightforward , was a member of the Carolingian dynasty who ruled as List of French monarchs from 893 to 922/923....
, the king of the West Franks through the Treaty of St.-Claire-sur-Epte. In exchange for homage
Homage (medieval)

Homage in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudalism tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position ....
 and fealty
Fealty

An oath of fealty, from the Latin fidelitas , is a pledge of allegiance of one person to another. Typically the oath is made upon a religious object such as a Bible or saint relic, thus binding the oath-taker before God.thus had to swear the oath....
, Rollo legally gained the territory he and his Viking allies had previously conquered. The name "Normandy" reflects Rollo's Viking (i.e. Northman, Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 Normanorum) origins.

Rollo and his immediate successors were styled as "counts" of Normandy. Some later medieval
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 sources refer to them by the title dux
Dux

Dux is Latin for leader and for duke, and in Ancient Rome could refer to anyone who commanded troops, such as tribal leaders....
, a Latin term from which is derived the English word "duke
Duke

A duke is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy or a dukedom. The title comes from the Latin language Dux Bellorum, which had the sense of "military commander" and was employed by both the Germanic peoples themselves and by the Ancient Rome authors covering them to r...
"; however, Rollo's great-grandson Richard II was the first to assuredly be styled "Duke of Normandy". Although certain titles were used interchangeably during this period, the title of "duke" was typically reserved for the highest rank of feudal
Feudalism

Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period , in its most classic sense refers to a Middle Ages European political system composed of a set of reciprocal law and military obligations among the warrior nobility, revolving around the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs....
 nobility - those who either owed homage and fealty directly to kings or who were independent sovereigns
Sovereignty

File:Leviathan gr.jpgSovereignty is the exclusive right to control a government, a State, a people, or oneself. A sovereign is a supreme lawmaking authority....
 primarily distinguished from kings by not having dukes as vassals.

William the Conqueror

William I, Lichfield Cathedral
William the Conqueror
William I of England

William I , better known as William the Conqueror , was Duke of Normandy from 1035 and English monarchy from later 1066 to his death. William is sometimes also referred to as "William II" in relation to his position as the second Duke of Normandy of that name....
 added the Kingdom of England
Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a state in North-West Europe. The Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and a number of smaller outlying islands?what is today the legal unit of England and Wales....
 to his realm in the Norman Conquest
Norman conquest of England

The Norman conquest of England began in 1066 AD with the invasion of the Kingdom of England by the troops of William I of England, Duke of Normandy , and his victory at the Battle of Hastings....
 of 1066. This created a problematic situation wherein William and his descendants were king in England but a vassal to the king in France. Much of the contention which later arose around the title Duke of Normandy (as well as other French ducal titles during the Angevin period
Angevin Empire

The term Angevin Empire describes a collection of states ruled by the Angevin Plantagenet dynasty. The Plantagenets ruled over an area stretching from the Pyrenees to Ireland during the 12th and early 13th centuries....
) stems from this fundamentally irreconcilable situation.

After the death of William the Conqueror, his eldest son Robert Curthose
Robert III, Duke of Normandy

Robert Curthose or Robert II was the Duke of Normandy from 1087 until 1106 and an unsuccessful claimant to the throne of the Kingdom of England....
 became Duke of Normandy while a younger son, William Rufus
William II of England

William II , the third son of William I of England, was Kingdom of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers also over Duchy of Normandy, and influence in Kingdom of Scotland....
, became the English king. A generation later, Henry, Duke of Normandy
Henry II of England

Henry II, called Curtmantle ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France....
 became king of England, again uniting the titles.

International contention

In 1204, during the reign of King John
John of England

John reigned as List of English monarchs from 6 April 1199, until his death. He succeeded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I of England, who died without issue....
, mainland Normandy was taken from England by France under Philip II
Philip II of France

Philip II Augustus was the King of France from 1180 until his death. A member of the House of Capet, Philip Augustus was born at Gonesse in the Val-d'Oise, the son of Louis VII of France and his third wife, Ad?le of Champagne....
 while insular Normandy (the Channel Islands
Channel Islands

The Channel Islands are a group of islands in the English Channel, off the France coast of Normandy. They include two separate bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey....
) remained under English control. In 1259, Henry III of England
Henry III of England

Henry III was the son and successor of John of England as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester....
 recognised the legality of French possession of mainland Normandy under the Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris (1259)

The Treaty of Paris was a treaty between Louis IX of France of France and Henry III of England of England, agreed to on December 4, 1259.Henry agreed to renounce control of Normandy , Maine , Anjou and Poitou, which had been lost under the reign of King John of England....
. But English monarchs, and their British successors, continued to use the title Duke of Normandy in reference to the Channel Islands (now subject to the British Crown, though not part of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
).

English monarchs made subsequent attempts to reclaim their former continental possessions, particularly during the Hundred Years' War
Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne, which was vacant with the extinction of the senior House of Capet line of French kings....
. In addition to claiming to be Duke of Normandy, after Henry V
Henry V of England

Henry V was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422....
 entered the Treaty of Troyes
Treaty of Troyes

The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that Henry V of England would inherit the throne of France upon the death of King Charles VI of France. It was signed in Troyes, France in 1420....
 in 1420, English and British monarchs claimed the throne of France
English claims to the French throne

The English claims to the French throne have a long and rather complex history between the 1340s and the 1800s.From 1340 to 1801, with only brief intervals in 1360-1369 and 1420-1422, the kings and queens of Kingdom of England, and after the Acts of Union 1707 in 1707 the kings and queens of Kingdom of Great Britain, also bore the title of '...
 itself. During this time, English monarchs included "King of France" near the top of their list of titles
Style of the British Sovereign

The precise style of British monarchy has varied over the years. style is:"Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Commonwealth realm and British overseas territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Fidei defensor."...
 and included the Royal Arms of France
Coat of arms of France

The current emblem of France has been a symbol of France since 1953, although it does not have any legal status as an official coat of arms. It appears on the cover of French passports and was originally adopted by the French Foreign Ministry as a symbol for use by diplomatic and consular missions in 1912 using a design drawn up by the sculpt...
 in their own armorial achievements
Coat of arms

A coat of arms, more properly called an armorial achievement, armorial bearings or often just arms for short, in European tradition, is a design belonging to a particular person and used by them in a wide variety of ways....
.

British claims to the whole Duchy of Normandy, the throne of France and other French claims were not abandoned until 1801 when George III and Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislature in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories....
, in the Act of Union
Act of Union 1800

The phrase Act of Union 1800 is used to describe two complementary Acts whose official United Kingdom titles are the Union with Ireland Act 1800 , an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the Act of Union 1800 ,...
, joined the Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a country in North-West Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1801....
 with the Kingdom of Ireland
Kingdom of Ireland

The Kingdom of Ireland was the name given to the Irish state from 1541, by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 of the Parliament of Ireland. It was based on the contested legitimacy of the right of conquest....
 and used the opportunity to drop their French claims. By this time, the French monarchy itself had already been abolished with the establishment of the French Republic in 1792.

House of Stuart

The future Stuart
House of Stuart

The House of Stuart, also known as the House of Stewart is an important European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century....
 King James II of England and Ireland
James II of England

James II and VII was List of English monarchs, List of Scottish monarchs, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. He was the last Roman Catholic Church monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland....
 (James VII of Scotland), was created "Duke of Normandy" by King Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV of France

Louis XIV ruled as List of French monarchs and of King of Navarre. He ascended the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but did not assume actual personal control of the government until the death of his prime minister , the Italians Jules Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661....
 on December 31, 1660. This was a few months after James's brother, Charles II
Charles II of England

Charles II was the Monarchy of Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland.His father Charles I of England Regicide#The regicide of Charles I of England at Palace of Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War....
, had been restored to the throne in England and the Kingdom of Ireland
Kingdom of Ireland

The Kingdom of Ireland was the name given to the Irish state from 1541, by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 of the Parliament of Ireland. It was based on the contested legitimacy of the right of conquest....
 (Charles had already been crowned in the Kingdom of Scotland
Kingdom of Scotland

The Kingdom of Scotland was a state in North-West Europe which existed from 843 until 1707. It occupied the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shared a Anglo-Scottish border to the south with the Kingdom of England, with which it was united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, under the terms of the Acts of Union 1707, in 170...
, in 1651). Since upon becoming King of England, Charles would have already claimed the title "Duke of Normandy" (indeed, it was in insular Normandy, specifically in Jersey
Jersey

The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes the nearly uninhabited islands of the Minquiers, ?cr?hous, the Pierres de Lecq and other rocks and reefs....
, that he was first proclaimed king in 1649) the French king giving the same title to James in respect to mainland Normandy was an important political gesture. Jacobite claimants
Jacobitism

Jacobitism was the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the House of Stuart kings to the thrones of Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland....
 to the English throne maintained their claims on French possessions as well until the death of Henry Benedict Stuart
Henry Benedict Stuart

Henry Benedict Cardinal Stuart was the fourth and final Jacobitism heir to publicly claim the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Unlike his father, James Francis Edward Stuart, and brother, Charles Edward Stuart, Henry made no effort to seize the throne....
 in 1807.

Channel Islands

Although the British monarchy relinquished claims to continental Normandy and other French claims in 1801, the monarch of the United Kingdom retains the title Duke of Normandy in respect to the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands (except for Chausey
Chausey

Chausey is a group of small islands, islets and rocks that forms part of the Channel Islands from a geographical point of view, but because it is under France jurisdiction it is almost never mentioned in the context of the other Channel Islands....
 under French sovereignty) remain Crown dependencies
Crown dependency

The Crown Dependencies are possessions of The Crown, as opposed to British overseas territory or colony of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Islands bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea....
 of the British Crown
The Crown

Throughout the Commonwealth realms, the Crown is an abstract metonymy concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government....
 in the present era. Unlike the Isle of Man, these islands have no specific title pertaining to them. Collectively they use the Loyal Toast in the Channel Islands is La Reine, notre Duc or The Queen, our Duke (or when the monarch is male, The King, our Duke).

Succession of the Dukes of Normandy

Cronological Tree William I
*Rollo
Rollo of Normandy

Rollo , baptised Robert, was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy.The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrolf ....
 911-927
  • William I Longsword
    William I of Normandy

    William I Longsword was the second Duke of Normandy from his father's death until his own assassination. The title dux was not in use at the time and has been applied to early Norman rulers retroactively; William actually used the title comes ....
     927-942
  • Richard I
    Richard I of Normandy

    Richard I of Normandy was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless ....
     942-996
  • Richard II, the Good, 996-1027
  • Richard III, 1027-1028
  • Robert I, 1028-1035
  • William II the Conqueror
    William I of England

    William I , better known as William the Conqueror , was Duke of Normandy from 1035 and English monarchy from later 1066 to his death. William is sometimes also referred to as "William II" in relation to his position as the second Duke of Normandy of that name....
     1035-1087
  • Robert II 1087-1106
  • Henry I Beauclerk
    Henry I of England

    Henry I was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror. He succeeded his elder brother William II of England as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, to become Duke of Normandy in 1106....
     1106-1135
    • William III
      William Adelin

      William , surnamed Adelin was the eldest son and heir of Henry I of England and his wife Matilda of Scotland. His death and that of his brother caused a succession crisis, culminating in The Anarchy....
       (under his father, Henry I)
  • Stephen
    Stephen of England

    Stephen often known as Stephen of Blois was a grandson of William I of England. He was the last Norman dynasty King of England, from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne jure uxoris....
     1135-1144
  • Geoffrey Plantagenet 1144-1150
  • Henry II
    Henry II of England

    Henry II, called Curtmantle ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France....
     1150-1189
  • Richard IV Coeur de Lion (Richard Lionheart)
    Richard I of England

    Richard I was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Ireland, Cyprus, Count of Anjou, Count of Nantes and Brittany at various times during the same period....
     1189-1199
  • John
    John of England

    John reigned as List of English monarchs from 6 April 1199, until his death. He succeeded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I of England, who died without issue....
     1199-1216 (possession of mainland Normandy lost, 1204)


French Dukes of Normandy (1204-1789)

In 1204, the mainland portion of the Duchy of Normandy is attached to the crown lands of France
Crown lands of France

The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or domaine royal of France refers to the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the List of French monarchs....
. In 1332, it is given in appanage
Appanage

An apanage or appanage is the grant of an estate, titles, offices, or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign, who under the system of primogeniture would otherwise have no inheritance....
 to John II, the son of Philip VI of France
Philip VI of France

Philip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the List of French monarchs from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Counts and Dukes of Anjou, Counts and Dukes of Maine, and Count of Valois from 1325 to 1328....
.
  • Jean II
    John II of France

    John II , called John the Good , was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy from 1332, Count of Poitiers from 1344, Duke of Aquitaine from 1345, and King of France from 1350 until his death, as well as Duke of Burgundy from 1361 to 1363....
     1332-1350
  • Charles I
    Charles V of France

    Charles V , called the Wise, was List of French monarchs from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Br?tigny....
     1355-1364
  • Charles II
    Charles de Valois, Duc de Berry

    Charles de Valois was the son of Charles VII of France, King of France and Marie of Anjou. He spent most of his life plotting against his brother Louis XI of France....
     1465-1469. After Charles, the title "Duke of Normandy" becomes a mere honorific.
  • Louis I
    Louis XVII of France

    Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre , from birth to 1789 known as Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy; then from 1789 to 1791 as Louis-Charles, Dauphin of France of Viennois; and from 1791 to 1793 as Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France, was the son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette of Austria....
     1785-1789


Anglo-Scottish Dukes of Normandy

  • Henry III
    Henry III of England

    Henry III was the son and successor of John of England as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester....
     1216-1259 (signed Treaty of Paris (1259)
    Treaty of Paris (1259)

    The Treaty of Paris was a treaty between Louis IX of France of France and Henry III of England of England, agreed to on December 4, 1259.Henry agreed to renounce control of Normandy , Maine , Anjou and Poitou, which had been lost under the reign of King John of England....
     recognising French control of mainland Normandy; subsequently English and British monarchs have borne the title "Duke of Normandy" only as it pertains to the Channel Islands and English/British constitutional history)
  • Edward I
    Edward I of England

    Edward I , popularly known as Longshanks, the English Justinian, and the Hammer of the Scots , was a House of Plantagenet King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost succeeding in doing the same to Scotland....
     1272–1307
  • Edward II
    Edward II of England

    Edward II, of Caernarfon, was Kingdom of England from 1307 until he was deposition in January 1327. His tendency to ignore his nobility in favour of low-born favourites led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition....
     1307–1327
  • Edward III
    Edward III of England

    Edward III was one of the most successful List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Englands of the Britain in the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II of England, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe....
     1327–1377
  • Richard V
    Richard II of England

    Richard II was the eighth King of England of the House of Plantagenet. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III of England....
     1377–1399
  • Henry IV
    Henry IV of England

    Henry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . Like other kings of England, he also claimed the title of King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry Bolingbroke....
     1399–1413
  • Henry V
    Henry V of England

    Henry V was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422....
     1413–1422
  • Henry VI
    Henry VI of England

    Henry VI was Kingdom of England 1422?1461 and then 1470?1471, and King of France as the de jure monarch from 1422 to 1429....
     1422–1461 and 1470–1471
  • Edward IV
    Edward IV of England

    Edward IV was Kingdom of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death....
     1461–1470 and 1471 1483
  • Edward V
    Edward V of England

    Edward V was King of England from 9 April 1483 until his deposition two months later. His reign was dominated by the influence of his uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who succeeded him as Richard III of England....
     1483
  • Richard III
    Richard III of England

    Richard III was List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England of Kingdom of England from 1483 until his death. He was the last king from the House of York, and his defeat at the Battle of Bosworth Field marked the culmination of the Wars of the Roses and the end of the Plantagenet dynasty....
     1483 – 1485
  • Henry VII
    Henry VII of England

    Henry VII was the Kingdom of England and Lordship of Ireland from his usurpation of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty....
     1485–1509
  • Henry VIII
    Henry VIII of England

    Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lordship of Ireland and claimant to the Early Modern France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII of England....
     1509–1542
  • Edward VI
    Edward VI of England

    Edward VI became List of English monarchs and King of Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of Henry VIII of England and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first Protestantism ruler....
     1547–1553
  • Jane Grey
    Lady Jane Grey

    Lady Jane Grey , also known as Queen Jane of England, was a claimant to the Kingdom of England and Monarchy of Ireland, who was de facto monarch of England for just over a week in 1553....
     1553
  • Mary I
    Mary I of England

    Mary I , was Queen of England and Monarchy of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death. The fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, she is remembered for restoring England to Roman Catholicism after succeeding her short-lived half brother, Edward VI of England, to the English throne....
     1553–1558
  • Elizabeth I
    Elizabeth I of England

    Elizabeth I was List of English monarchs and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the House of Tudor....
     1558–1603
  • James I
    James I of England

    James VI and I was List of monarchs of Scotland as James VI, and List of English monarchs and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Kingdom of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother Mary I of Scotland....
     1603–1625
  • Charles I
    Charles I of England

    Charles I was List of English monarchs, List of monarchs of Scotland and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his capital punishment on 30 January 1649....
     1625–1649
  • Charles II
    Charles II of England

    Charles II was the Monarchy of Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland.His father Charles I of England Regicide#The regicide of Charles I of England at Palace of Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War....
     1660–1685
  • James II
    James II of England

    James II and VII was List of English monarchs, List of Scottish monarchs, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. He was the last Roman Catholic Church monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland....
     1685–1688
  • William III
    William III of England

    William III was a Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 onwards, he governed as List_of_stadtholders_for_the_Low_Countries_provinces William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic....
     1689–1702 and Mary II
    Mary II of England

    Mary II reigned as List of English monarchs, List of Scottish monarchs, and King of Ireland from 1689 until her death. Mary, a Protestantism, came to the thrones following the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in the deposition of her Roman Catholic father, James II of England....
     1689–1694


British Dukes of Normandy

  • Anne
    Anne of Great Britain

    Anne became Queen of England, Queen of Scots and Kingdom of Ireland on 8 March 1702, succeeding her brother-in-law, William III of England. Her Roman Catholic father, James II of England, was Glorious Revolution in 1688/9; her brother-in-law and her sister then became joint monarchs as William III & II and Mary II of England, the only such c...
     1702–1714
  • George I
    George I of Great Britain

    George I was List of British Monarchs#House of Hanover and King of Ireland from 1 August 1714 until his death, and ruler of Electorate of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698....
     1714–1727
  • George II
    George II of Great Britain

    George II was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg and Prince-elector#High Offices and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death....
     1727–1760
  • George III
    George III of the United Kingdom

    George III was Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death....
     1760–1820
  • George IV
    George IV of the United Kingdom

    George IV was the king of Kingdom of Hanover and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the death of his father, George III of the United Kingdom, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later....
      1820–1830
  • William IV
    William IV of the United Kingdom

    William IV was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Kingdom of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. William, the third son of George III of the United Kingdom and younger brother and successor to George IV of the United Kingdom, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the House of Hanover....
     1830–1837
  • Victoria
    Victoria of the United Kingdom

    Victoria was from 20 June 1837 the Queen regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and from 1 May 1876 the first Empress of India of the British Raj until her death....
     1837–1901
  • Edward VII
    Edward VII of the United Kingdom

    Edward VII was Monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910....
     1901–1910
  • George V
    George V of the United Kingdom

    George V was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
     1910–1936
  • Edward VIII
    Edward VIII of the United Kingdom

    Edward VIII was Monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the dominion, and Emperor of India from 20 January 1936, following the death of his father, George V of the United Kingdom, until his abdication on 11 December 1936....
     1936
  • George VI
    George VI of the United Kingdom

    George VI was British monarchy and the United Kingdom Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India and the last King of Ireland , and the first Head of the Commonwealth....
     1936–1952
  • Elizabeth II
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

    Elizabeth II is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known as the Commonwealth realms: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Monarchy of Canada, Monarchy of Australia, Monarchy of New Zealand, Monarchy of Jamaica, Monarchy of Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Sain...
     1952– present


Further reading

  • Onslow, Richard (Earl of Onslow). The Dukes of Normandy and Their Origin. London: Hutchinson & Co., 1945.