All Topics  
Botanical garden

 
Botanical Garden

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

Botanical garden
 
 
  Topics Botanical garden Topic Home

Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of plant
Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes. Botanists and horticulturalists tend the flora and maintain the garden's library and herbarium
Herbarium

In botany, a herbarium is a collection of preserved plant specimens. These specimens may be whole plants or plant parts: these will usually be in a dried form, mounted on a sheet, but depending upon the material may also be kept in alcohol or other preservative....
 of dried and documented plant material.






Discussion
Ask a question about 'Botanical garden'
Start a new discussion about 'Botanical garden'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Encyclopedia


Us Botanic Garden 2
Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of plant
Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes. Botanists and horticulturalists tend the flora and maintain the garden's library and herbarium
Herbarium

In botany, a herbarium is a collection of preserved plant specimens. These specimens may be whole plants or plant parts: these will usually be in a dried form, mounted on a sheet, but depending upon the material may also be kept in alcohol or other preservative....
 of dried and documented plant material. Botanical gardens may also serve to entertain and educate the public, upon whom many depend for funding. However, not all botanical gardens are open to the public: for example the Chelsea Physic Garden
Chelsea Physic Garden

The Chelsea Physic Garden was established as the Apothecaries? Garden in London, England in 1673. It is the second oldest botanical garden in United Kingdom, after the University of Oxford Botanic Garden, which was founded in 1621....
. According to the Botanic Gardens Conservation International
Botanic Gardens Conservation International

Botanic Gardens Conservation International is a plant conservation biology Charitable organization based in London, England. It is a membership organisation, working with 800 botanic gardens in 118 countries, whose combined work forms the world's largest plant conservation network....
, "Botanic gardens are institutions holding documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display and education."

Research

From the late 18th century onward, Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
an botanical gardens began sending plant-collecting expeditions to various parts of the world and publishing their findings. Voyages of exploration routinely included botanists for this purpose. Subsequent scientific work studied how these exotic plants might be adapted to grow in the garden's locale, how to classify
Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification. The word comes from the Greek language ', taxis and ', nomos .Taxonomies, or taxonomic schemes, are composed of taxonomic units known as taxa , or kinds of things that are arranged frequently in a hierarchical structure....
 them, and how to propagate
Plant propagation

'Plant propagation' is the process of artificially or naturally distributing plants....
 rare or endangered species
Endangered species

An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters....
. The Royal Botanic Gardens
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, usually referred to simply as Kew Gardens, are extensive gardens and Greenhouses between Richmond, London and Kew in southwest London, England....
 in Kew
Kew

Kew is a place in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in South West London.Kew is best known for being the home of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ....
, near London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
, has continuously published journals and more recently catalogues and databases since this time.

Educational work

Educational projects at botanical gardens range from introductions to plants that thrive in different environments to practical advice for the home gardener. Many have plant shops, selling flower, herb, and vegetable seedlings suitable for transplantation. Some gardens such as the UBC Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research
UBC Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research

UBC Botanical Garden, at the University of British Columbia, was established in 1916 under the directorship of John Davidson , British Columbia's first provincial botanist....
 and the Chicago Botanic Garden
Chicago Botanic Garden

Located at 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois, USA, the Chicago Botanic Garden is a living plant museum situated on nine islands featuring 23 display gardens surrounded by lakes, as well as a prairie and woodlands....
 have plant breeding programs and introduce new plants to the horticultural
Horticulture

'Horticulture' is the industry and science of plant cultivation. Horticulturists work and conduct research in the disciplines of plant propagation and cultivation, Crop , plant breeding and genetic engineering, plant biochemistry, and plant physiology....
 trade.

History

Fd000009
The first modern botanical gardens were founded in Northern Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 in connection with universities:
  • Pisa
    Orto botanico di Pisa

    The Orto botanico di Pisa, also known as the Orto Botanico dell'Universit? di Pisa, is a botanical garden operated by the University of Pisa, and located at via Luca Ghini 5, Pisa, Italy....
     (1544) by Luca Ghini
    Luca Ghini

    Luca Ghini was an Italy physician and botanist, notable as the creator of the first recorded herbarium, as well as the first botanical garden in Europe....
     (1490-1556)
  • Padua (1545)
  • Florence
    Orto Botanico di Firenze

    The Orto Botanico di Firenze , also known as the Giardino dei Semplici, is a botanical garden maintained by the University of Florence....
     (1545)
  • Bologna
    Orto Botanico dell'Università di Bologna

    The Orto Botanico dell'Universit? di Bologna, also known as the Orto Botanico di Bologna, is a botanical garden located operated by the University of Bologna....
     (1567)


Other European towns and universities then followed suit:
  • Valencia, Spain
    Spain

    Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
     (1567)
  • Leiden
    Hortus Botanicus Leiden

    The Hortus Botanicus of Leiden is the oldest botanical garden of the Netherlands, and one of the oldest in the world. It is located in the southwestern part of the historical centre of the city, between the Academy building and the Leiden Observatory....
    , Netherlands
    Netherlands

    The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
     (1590)
  • Montpellier
    Jardin des plantes de Montpellier

    File:Montpellier jardin plantes3.jpgFile:Montpellier jardin plantes2.jpgThe Jardin des plantes de Montpellier is a historic botanical garden and arboretum located on Boulevard Henri IV, Montpellier, H?rault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France....
    , France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
     (1593)
  • Heidelberg, Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
     (1597)
  • Tübingen, Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
     by Leonhart Fuchs
    Leonhart Fuchs

    Leonhart Fuchs , sometimes spelled Leonhard Fuchs, was a Germany physician and one of the three founding fathers of botany, along with Otto Brunfels and Hieronymus Bock ....
  • Copenhagen
    University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden

    The University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden is a botanical garden lying near the center of Copenhagen, Denmark. The garden is part of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, which is itself part of the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science....
    , Denmark
    Denmark

    Denmark is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries....
     (1600)
  • Oxford
    University of Oxford Botanic Garden

    University of Oxford Botanic Garden, the oldest botanic garden in Great Britain, and the third oldest scientific garden in the world, was founded in 1621 as a physic garden growing plants for medicinal research....
    , England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
     (1621)
  • Uppsala
    Linnaean Garden

    The Linnaean Garden or Linnaeus' Garden is the oldest of the botanical gardens belonging to Uppsala University in Sweden. It has been restored and is kept as an 18th century botanical garden, according to the specifications of Carolus Linnaeus....
    , Sweden
    Sweden

    Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
     (1655)
  • Hannover, Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
     (1666)


Egypt has several botanical gardens. One them, the Orman Garden
Orman Garden

The Orman Garden is a botanical garden in Giza, Egypt. It dates back to 1875 to the reign of Khedive Ismail who established the garden on a larger site than presently occupied as part of the palace of the Khedive....
 in Giza, is over 130 years old.

See also

  • List of botanical gardens
    List of botanical gardens

    A botanical garden is a place where plants, especially ferns, conifers and flowering plants, are grown and displayed for the purposes of research, Wildlife, and education....
  • Plant collecting
    Plant collecting

    Plant collecting involves procuring live or dried plant specimens, for the purposes of research, cultivation or as a hobby....


Bibliography


External links

  • The World's Largest Plant Conservation Network, working with 800 Botanic Gardens Worldwide.