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Reintroduction
 
 
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Reintroduction is the deliberate release of species into the wild, from captivity
Captive breeding

Captive breedingis the process of breeding rare species or endangered species in human controlled environments with restricted settings, such as wildlife preserves, zoos and other conservation biology facilities; sometimes the process is construed to include release of individual organisms to the wild, when there is sufficient natural habit...
 or relocated from other areas where the species survives. It usually involves species that are endangered
Endangered species

An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters....
 or extinct in the wild
Extinct in the Wild

Extinct in the Wild is a conservation status assigned to species or lower taxa, the only known living members of which are being kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range....
. Because reintroduction involves native species that have become (locally) extinct, some prefer the term "re-establishment".

ay be very hard to reintroduce EW species into the wild, even if their natural habitats were restored.






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Reintroduction is the deliberate release of species into the wild, from captivity
Captive breeding

Captive breedingis the process of breeding rare species or endangered species in human controlled environments with restricted settings, such as wildlife preserves, zoos and other conservation biology facilities; sometimes the process is construed to include release of individual organisms to the wild, when there is sufficient natural habit...
 or relocated from other areas where the species survives. It usually involves species that are endangered
Endangered species

An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters....
 or extinct in the wild
Extinct in the Wild

Extinct in the Wild is a conservation status assigned to species or lower taxa, the only known living members of which are being kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range....
. Because reintroduction involves native species that have become (locally) extinct, some prefer the term "re-establishment".

Survival skills

It may be very hard to reintroduce EW species into the wild, even if their natural habitats were restored. Survival techniques, which are normally passed from parents to offspring during parenting, are lost. The genetics
Genetics

Genetics , a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and Genetic variation in living organisms. The fact that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding....
 of the species is saved, but the natural memetics
Memetics

Memetics is an approach to evolutionary models of cultural information transfer based on the concept of the meme. Starting from a metaphor used in the writings of Richard Dawkins, it has since turned into a new area of study, one that looks at the self-replicating units of culture....
 of the species is not.

Beginning in the 1980s, biologists have learned that many mammal
Mammal

Mammals are a class of vertebrate animals whose name is derived from their distinctive feature, mammary glands, with which they feed their young....
s and bird
Bird

Birds are wing, Bipedalismal, endothermic , vertebrate animals that lay egg . There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates....
s need to learn a lot to survive in the wild. Thus, reintroduction programmes have to be planned carefully, ensuring that the animals have the necessary survival skills. Biologists must also study the animals after the reintroduction to learn whether the animals are surviving and breeding, what effects the reintroduction has on the ecosystem
Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment....
, and how to improve the process.

Still, a vast number of animals may need to be reintroduced into the wild to be sure that enough of them learn how to survive. For instance, in reintroducing Houbara Bustard
Houbara Bustard

The Houbara Bustard, Chlamydotis undulata, is a large bird in the bustard family....
s into the wild in the United Arab Emirates, more than 5,000 birds per year are used.

IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group


The IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group (RSG) is one of the over 100 Specialist groups of the Species Survival Commission (SSC), which is one of the six IUCN Commissions, with its headquarters in Gland, Switzerland. The RSG is one of the few disciplinary Specialist Groups (e.g. Veterinary, Conservation Breeding) as opposed to the majority which are taxon based (e.g. Crocodile, Cat, Orchid).

The role of the RSG is to promote the re-establishment of viable populations in the wild of animals and plants. The need for this role was felt due to the increased demand from re-introduction practitioners, the global conservation community and increase in re-introduction projects worldwide.

Increasing numbers of animal and plant species are becoming rare, or even extinct in the wild. In an attempt to re-establish populations, species can – in some instances – be re-introduced into an area, either through translocation from existing wild populations, or by re-introducing captive-bred animals or artificially propagated plants.

Ongoing or successful reintroduction programs in the UK


  • Northern Goshawk – the existing UK population is believed to be derived from a mixture of escaped falconer
    Falconry

    Falconry or hawking is an art or sport which involves the use of trained Bird of preys to hunt or pursue game for humans. There are two traditional terms used to describe a person involved in falconry: a falconer flies a falcon; an austringer flies a hawk ....
    s' birds and deliberate introductions – (successful)
  • Large Blue butterfly in the west and south-west of England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
     – (successful and ongoing)
  • Red Kite
    Red Kite

    The Red Kite is a medium-large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal Bird of preys such as eagles, buzzards and harrier s....
     in the Chiltern Hills
    Chiltern Hills

    The Chiltern Hills are a chalk escarpment in southeast England. They are known locally as "the Chilterns". A large portion of the hills was designated officially as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1965....
    , Black Isle
    Black Isle

    The Black Isle is an eastern area of the Scottish Highlands Local government in Scotland Council areas of Scotland of Scotland, within the Counties of Scotland of Ross and Cromarty....
    , Northamptonshire
    Northamptonshire

    Northamptonshire is a landlocked Counties of England in the England East Midlands, with a population of 629,676 as at the United Kingdom Census 2001....
    , Dumfries and Galloway
    Dumfries and Galloway

    Dumfries and Galloway is one of 32 Council areas of Scotland of Scotland. To the north, it borders onto South Ayrshire, East Ayrshire and South Lanarkshire; in the east the Scottish Borders; and to the south the county of Cumbria in England....
    , North Yorkshire
    North Yorkshire

    North Yorkshire is a shire county or shire county, located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial counties of England in that region and also partly in North East England....
    , Perth and Kinross
    Perth and Kinross

    Perth and Kinross is one of Council Areas of Scotland in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy areas of Scotland. It borders onto the Aberdeenshire , Angus, Dundee City, Fife, Clackmannanshire, Stirling , Argyll and Bute and Highland council areas....
     and Gateshead
    Gateshead

    Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, England, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Gateshead town centre and Newcastle city centre are very close to one another, and together they form the urban core of Tyneside....
     – (successful)
  • Osprey
    Osprey

    The Osprey , sometimes known as the sea hawk, is a Diurnality, fish bird of prey. It is a large Bird of prey, reaching 60 centimeters in length with a 1.8 metre wingspan....
     to Rutland Water
    Rutland Water

    Rutland Water is a reservoir in the county of Rutland, England, just east of the county town Oakham. It was known as Empingham Reservoir during its construction and until its official opening in 1976....
     – (successful)
  • White-tailed Eagle
    White-tailed Eagle

    The White-tailed Eagle , also known as the Sea Eagle, Erne , or White-tailed Sea-eagle, is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which includes other raptors such as hawks, kite s and harrier s....
     to the Hebrides
    Hebrides

    The Hebrides comprise a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of Scotland. There are two main groups, the Inner and Outer Hebrides....
     – (successful)
  • White-tailed Eagle
    White-tailed Eagle

    The White-tailed Eagle , also known as the Sea Eagle, Erne , or White-tailed Sea-eagle, is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which includes other raptors such as hawks, kite s and harrier s....
     to the east coast of Scotland – (ongoing)
  • Glanville Fritillary
    Glanville Fritillary

    The Glanville Fritillary is a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family.The animal spends most of its life as a black, spiny caterpillar. The orange patterned butterfly lives only a few weeks....
     butterfly to Somerset
    Somerset

    Somerset is a Counties of England in South West England. The county town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county. The Ceremonial counties of England of Somerset borders the counties of Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west....
     – (successful)
  • Heath Fritillary
    Heath Fritillary

    The Heath Fritillary is a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family. It is found throughout the Palaearctic from Western Europe to Japan, in heathland, grassland, and in coppiced woodland....
     butterfly to Essex
    Essex

    Essex is a counties of England in the East of England England. The county town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common near the village of Langley, Essex, close to the Hertfordshire border, which reaches ....
     – (successful)
  • Great Bustard
    Great Bustard

    The Great Bustard, Otis tarda, is in the bustard family, the only member of the genus Otis. It breeds in southern and central Europe, where it is the largest species of bird, and across temperate Asia....
     to Salisbury Plain
    Salisbury Plain

    Salisbury Plain is a chalk plateau in central southern England covering . It is part of the Southern England Chalk Formation and largely lies within the county of Wiltshire, with a little in Hampshire....
     – (ongoing)
  • Black Grouse
    Black Grouse

    The Black Grouse or Blackgame is a large Aves in the grouse family. It is a sedentary species, breeding across northern Eurasia in moorland and bog areas near to woodland, mostly Taiga....
     to Derbyshire
    Derbyshire

    Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The northern part of Derbyshire overlaps with the Pennines, a famous chain of hills and mountains....
     – (ongoing)
  • Corncrake to Cambridgeshire
    Cambridgeshire

    Cambridgeshire is a Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom#England in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex, England and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west....
     – (ongoing)
  • Wild Boar to several places in England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
     – (accidental), (successful)
  • Red Squirrel
    Red Squirrel

    The red squirrel or Eurasian red squirrel is a species of tree squirrel . A tree-dwelling omnivore rodent, the red squirrel is common throughout Eurasia....
     to Anglesey
    Anglesey

    Anglesey is an island and principal areas of Wales off the northwest coast of Wales, with a predominantly Welsh language-speaking population. It is connected to the mainland by two bridges spanning the Menai Strait: the original Menai Suspension Bridge , designed by Thomas Telford in 1826; and the newer reconstructed Britannia Bridge ; which...
     – (successful and ongoing)


Planned or proposed reintroduction programs in the UK

  • Common Crane
    Common Crane

    The Common Crane , also known as the Eurasian Crane, is a bird of the family Gruidae, the crane .It is a large, stately bird and a medium-sized crane at 100-130 cm long, with a 180-240 cm wingspan and a weight of 4.5-6 kg ....
     to England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
     (proposed, due to commence 2008)
  • European Beaver
    European Beaver

    The European beaver is a species of beaver which was once widespread in Europe, where it was hunted both for fur and for castoreum, a secretion of its scent gland believed to have medicinal properties....
     in Scotland
    Scotland

    conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
     (proposed)
  • Wolf in Scotland
    Scotland

    conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
     (proposed)
  • White-tailed Eagle
    White-tailed Eagle

    The White-tailed Eagle , also known as the Sea Eagle, Erne , or White-tailed Sea-eagle, is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which includes other raptors such as hawks, kite s and harrier s....
     to England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
     and Wales
    Wales

    native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
     (proposed, due to be reintroduced to Norfolk
    Norfolk

    Norfolk is a low-lying Counties of England in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and with Suffolk to the south....
     as soon as 2009)
  • Silver-washed Fritillary
    Silver-washed Fritillary

    The Silver-washed Fritillary is a European species of butterfly, which was in decline for much of the 1970s and 1980s but seems to be coming back to many of its old territories....
     to Essex
    Essex

    Essex is a counties of England in the East of England England. The county town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common near the village of Langley, Essex, close to the Hertfordshire border, which reaches ....
  • European Lynx in England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
     and Scotland
    Scotland

    conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
     (proposed)


Rejected reintroduction proposals in the UK

  • The Wild Beasts Trust
    The Wild Beasts Trust

    The Wild Beasts Trust is an endangered species enthusiast movement who, in September 2006, declared their intentions to reintroduction numerous nationally extinct species back into the wild in the United Kingdom....
  • European Beaver
    European Beaver

    The European beaver is a species of beaver which was once widespread in Europe, where it was hunted both for fur and for castoreum, a secretion of its scent gland believed to have medicinal properties....
     in Scotland (2005)


Planned or proposed reintroduction programs around the world

  • Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project
    Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project

    The Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project is an effort to save the last Asiatic lions from extinction in the wild. The last wild population in the Gir Forest region of the Indian state of Gujarat is under threat from epidemics, Natural disasters and Man-made hazards....
     of Asiatic Lion
    Asiatic Lion

    The Asiatic Lion is a subspecies of the lion which survives today only in India where it is also known as the Indian lion. They once ranged from the Mediterranean to India, covering most of Southwest Asia, and hence it is also known as the Persian lion....
     to Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary
    Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary

    Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary or Palpur-Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary lies in the Sheopur district of north western Madhya Pradesh, a state in central India....
     from their only home presently in the world at Gir Forest National Park
    Gir Forest National Park

    The Gir Forest National park and Wildlife Sanctuary is the sole home of the pure Asiatic Lions . The Hindi name is "??? ??". Measuring about 258 km? for the fully protected area and 1153 km? for the Sanctuary, the area is considered to be one of the most important protected areas in Asia due to its supported species....
    . Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary is the chosen site for re-introducing and establishing the world's second completely separate population of the wild free ranging Asiatic Lions in the state of Madhya Pradesh
    Madhya Pradesh

    Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a States and territories of India in central India. Its capital is Bhopal. Madhya Pradesh was originally the largest state in India until November 1, 2000 when the state of Chhattisgarh was carved out....
    , India.


Ongoing or successful reintroduction programs in other countries

  • Black-footed Ferret
    Black-footed Ferret

    The Black-footed Ferret is a small carnivorous North American mammal closely related to the Steppe Polecat of Russia, and a member of the diverse family Mustelidae which also includes weasels, mink, polecats, martens, otters, and badgers....
     in the USA
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
     and Mexico
    Mexico

    The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
  • Brush-tailed Bettong in Australia
    Australia

    Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
     (ongoing)
  • California Condor
    California Condor

    The California Condor is a North American species of bird in the New World vulture family Cathartidae and the largest North American land bird....
     in California
    California

    California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
     (USA
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
    ) and Mexico
    Mexico

    The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
     (ongoing)
  • European Beaver
    European Beaver

    The European beaver is a species of beaver which was once widespread in Europe, where it was hunted both for fur and for castoreum, a secretion of its scent gland believed to have medicinal properties....
     in several places in Europe
    Europe

    Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
     (successful)
  • European Otter
    European Otter

    The European Otter , also known as the Eurasian otter, Eurasian river otter, common otter and Old World otter, is a European and Asian member of the Lutrinae or otter subfamily, and is typical of freshwater otters....
     in the Netherlands
    Netherlands

    The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
     (ongoing)
  • European Lynx in Switzerland
    Switzerland

    Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....
     (successful), and other parts of Europe (ongoing)
  • European Black Vulture in the Massif Central
    Massif Central

    The Massif Central is an elevated region in south-central France, consisting of mountains and plateaus.Subject to volcano that has subsided in the last 10,000 years, these central mountains are separated from the Alps by a deep north-south cleft created by the Rh?ne River and known in French language as the sillon rhodanien ....
     in France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
  • Griffon Vulture
    Griffon Vulture

    The Griffon Vulture or Eurasian Griffon Vulture is an Old World vulture in the bird of prey family Accipitridae.The Griffon Vulture is 95?110 cm long with a 230?265 cm wingspan, and it weighs between 6 and 13 kg ....
     in the Massif Central
    Massif Central

    The Massif Central is an elevated region in south-central France, consisting of mountains and plateaus.Subject to volcano that has subsided in the last 10,000 years, these central mountains are separated from the Alps by a deep north-south cleft created by the Rh?ne River and known in French language as the sillon rhodanien ....
    , France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
     (successful), Central Apennines
    Apennine mountains

    The Apennines or Apennine Mountains is a mountain range stretching 1000 km from the north to the south of Italy along its east coast, traversing the entire peninsula, and forming the backbone of the country....
    , Italy
    Italy

    Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
    , and Northern and Southern Israel
    Israel

    Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
     (ongoing)
  • Lammergeier
    Lammergeier

    File:Lammergeier with boy, Kabul, 1973.JPGThe Lammergeier or Bearded Vulture, Gypaetus barbatus , is an Old World vulture, the only member of the genus Gypaetus....
     in the Alps
    Alps

    The Alps is the name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east; through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany; to France in the west....
     (successful)
  • Lesser Kestrel
    Lesser Kestrel

    The Lesser Kestrel is a small falcon. This species breeds from the Mediterranean across southern central Asia to China and Bangladesh. It is a summer bird migration, wintering in Africa and Pakistan....
     in Spain
    Spain

    Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
  • Lesser White-fronted Goose
    Lesser White-fronted Goose

    The Lesser White-fronted Goose is a goose closely related to the larger White-fronted Goose .It breeds in northernmost Asia, but it is a scarce breeder in Europe....
     in Sweden
    Sweden

    Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
     and Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
     (ongoing)
  • Musk ox
    Musk Ox

    The muskox is an Arctic mammal of the Bovidae family, noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted by males, from which its name derives....
     in Alaska
    Alaska

    Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
     (USA
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
    ) (successful)
  • Northern Bald Ibis
    Northern Bald Ibis

    The Northern Bald Ibis, Hermit Ibis, or Waldrapp is a bird found in barren, semi-desert or rocky habitats, often close to running water, although unlike other ibises it does not wade....
     in Austria
    Austria

    Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
     and Italy
    Italy

    Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
     (ongoing)
  • Nubian Ibex
    Nubian Ibex

    The Nubian Ibex is a rocky desert dwelling goat antelope found in mountainous areas of Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Egypt and Sudan. It is generally considered to be a subspecies of Alpine Ibex, but is sometimes considered specifically distinct ....
     in Israel
    Israel

    Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
     (successful)
  • Pθre David's Deer
    Pθre David's Deer

    P?re David's Deer, Elaphurus davidianus, also known as the Milu , is a species of deer known only in captivity. It prefers marshland, and is believed to be native to the subtropics of China....
     in China
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
     (ongoing)
  • Peregrine Falcon
    Peregrine Falcon

    The Peregrine Falcon , also known simply as the Peregrine, and historically as the "Duck Hawk" in North America, is a Cosmopolitan distribution bird of prey in the family Falconidae....
     in Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
    , Poland
    Poland

    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
    , Sweden
    Sweden

    Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
     and Norway
    Norway

    Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
  • Persian Fallow Deer
    Persian fallow deer

    The Persian Fallow Deer is a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. It is a subspecies of Fallow Deer....
     in Israel
    Israel

    Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
     (ongoing)
  • Przewalski's Horse
    Przewalski's Horse

    Przewalski's Horse is a rare and endangered subspecies of Wild Horse native to the steppes of central Asia. At one time extinct in the wild, it has been reintroduced to its native habitat in Mongolia at the Khustain Nuruu National Park, Takhin Tal Nature Reserve and Khomiin Tal....
     in Mongolia
    Mongolia

    Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west....
     (ongoing)
  • Red Kite
    Red Kite

    The Red Kite is a medium-large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal Bird of preys such as eagles, buzzards and harrier s....
     in Ireland
    Ireland

    Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
  • Golden Eagle
    Golden Eagle

    The Golden Eagle is one of the best known bird of prey in the Northern Hemisphere. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. Once widespread across the Holarctic, it has disappeared from many of the more heavily populated areas....
     in Ireland
    Ireland

    Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
     (ongoing)
  • Wisent
    Wisent

    File:Bison bonasus right eye close-up.jpgThe wisent , or European bison , is a bison species and the heaviest surviving Terrestrial animal in Europe....
     in Poland
    Poland

    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
    , Belarus
    Belarus

    Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the north....
     (successful) and other parts of Europe
    Europe

    Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
     (ongoing)
  • Wolf in Wyoming
    Wyoming

    The State of Wyoming is a sparsely populated U.S. state in the Northwestern United States of the United States. The majority of the state is dominated by the mountain ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains, while the easternmost section of the state is a high altitude prairie region known as the High Plains ....
     (USA
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
    ) (successful)
  • Arabian Oryx
    Arabian Oryx

    The Arabian Oryx is a bovid and the smallest member of Oryx genus, native to desert and steppe areas of the Arabian peninsula. An endangered species, the Arabian Oryx was largely extinct in the wild by the early 1970s; reintroduction programs have since been attempted, with mixed success....
     in the Sultanate of Oman
    Oman

    Oman , officially the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates on the northwest, Saudi Arabia on the west and Yemen on the southwest....
     (successful)


See also


  • Reintroduction of wolves
  • Translocation (Wildlife conservation)
    Translocation (Wildlife conservation)

    Translocation or to translocate in wildlife conservation means capture, transport and release or introduction of species from one location to another....
  • Wildlife management
    Wildlife management

    Wildlife management is the process of keeping certain wildlife populations, including endangered animals, at desirable levels determined by wildlife managers....
  • Wildlife conservation
  • World Conservation Union
    World Conservation Union

    The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is an international organization dedicated to natural resource Conservation ethic....
     (IUCN)


External links