List of Byzantine Emperors

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Constantinian dynasty

Constantinian dynasty

The Constantinian dynasty is an informal name for the ruling family of the Roman Empire from Constantius Chlorus to the death of Julian the Apostate in 363....
 (306-363)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337....  "the Great" (Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus)	son of the Augustus Constantius Chlorus Constantius Chlorus Flavius Valerius Constantius , also Constantius I, was an Roman emperor of the Western Roman Empire . He was commonly called Chlorus an epithet given to him by Byzantine Empire historians....	27 February c.280	25 July 306 306 Events...   Proclaimed "Augustus" upon the death of Constantius Chlorus Constantius Chlorus Flavius Valerius Constantius , also Constantius I, was an Roman emperor of the Western Roman Empire . He was commonly called Chlorus an epithet given to him by Byzantine Empire historians....	22 May 337 337 Events...		He declared himself "Augustus" in Eboracum, Britannia (Modern York), upon the death of Constantius Chlorus, and, after a period of prolonged civil war, became sole Emperor. He famously converted to Christianity, and began imperial favour of that religion. He founded Constantinople as a capital of the Empire. Divided the Empire between his three sons upon his death. Later canonised.
	Constantius II Constantius II Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty....   (Flavius Iulius Constantius)	second son of Constantine I	7 August 317 317 Events...	22 May 337 337 Events...   Inherited Eastern third of Roman Empire upon his father's death	5 October 361 361 Events... died of illness on campaign		By inheritance, he succeeded to the Eastern third; after his two brothers died, he became sole Emperor. He was responsible for the deaths of numerous family members in the wake of Constantine's death, and persecuted those remaining. His last cousin, Julian, rebelled against him in the last years of his life.
	Julian Julian the Apostate Flavius Claudius Julianus, known also as Julian or Julian the Apostate , was Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty. He was the last non-Christian Roman Emperor, and expended much energy during his reign attempting to supplant the growing power of Christianity within the empire with officially revived Religion in ancient Rom...  "the Apostate" (Flavius Claudius Iulianus)	grandson of Constantius Chlorus, cousin of Constantius II	May 332	5 October 361 361 Events...   Proclaimed by his army in Gaul, became legitimate Emperor upon the death of Constantius	28 June 363 363 Events... Mortally wounded in battle		The son of Constantine I's half brother, Julius Constantius Julius Constantius Flavius Julius Constantius was a son of Western Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus and his second wife Flavia Maximiana Theodora. He was a younger half-brother of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great.... , he was early orphaned by the death of his mother of childbed fever, and the murder of his father by the sons of Constantine I. Raised by Constantius II to the rank of Caesar, he ruled and defended Gaul very ably. He eventually rebelled, being proclaimed Augustus by his army, and seized control of Italy. He succeeded to the entire empire after Constantius' fortuitous death of illness. He died on campaign against the Sassanids. He is more famous, however, for his rejection of Christianity, and his doomed attempts to rejuvenate Paganism.

Non-dynastic (363-364)

Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty (364-457)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Valentinian I Valentinian I Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, was Roman Emperor from 364 until his death. Valentinian is often referred to as the "last great western emperor"....   (Flavius Valentinianus)	Officer under Julian and Jovian	321	26 February 364 364 Events... Elected by the army upon Jovian's death	17 November 375 375 Events...   Died of cerebral haemorrhage		Shortly after his accession, he chose his brother Valens to rule alongside him. The pair then partitioned the Empire between themselves. Valentinian thereafter ruled in the West only. During his reign, the Empire was repeatedly ravaged by barbarians. His anger at the invasion of the Quadi Quadi The Quadi were a smaller Germanic tribe, about which little definitive information is known. The history of non-literate peoples is written by their opponents, and we can only know the Germanic tribe the Romans called the 'Quadi' through Roman eyes....  caused his fatal haemorrhage.
	Valens Valens Flamin Julius Valens was Roman Emperor , after he was given the Eastern part of the empire by his brother Valentinian I. Valens, sometimes known as the Last of the Romans, was defeated and killed in the Battle of Adrianople, which marked the beginning of the fall of the Western Roman Empire....   ( Flavius Iulius Valens )	Minor soldier of the Roman army, brother of Valentinian I	328	28 March 364 364 Events... Appointed by his brother	9 August 378 378 Events...   Killed at the Battle of Adrianople Battle of Adrianople The second Battle of Adrianople , sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between a Roman Empire army led by the Roman Emperor Valens and Goths rebels led by Fritigern....		Called "The Last True Roman", he was chosen to rule the East by his brother, Valentinian I. His reign was ineffective, and at one point he came close to abdication and suicide following the proclamation of an imperial pretender, Procopius Procopius Procopius of Caesarea was a prominent Byzantine Empire scholar of the family Procopius . A participant himself in the wars of the Emperor Justinian I, he was the major historian of the 6th century, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History.... . He was killed in the disastrous Battle of Adrianople Battle of Adrianople The second Battle of Adrianople , sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between a Roman Empire army led by the Roman Emperor Valens and Goths rebels led by Fritigern.... , in which most of his armies were destroyed by Gothic invaders.
	Gratian Gratian Flavius Gratianus , known usually by the anglicised name Gratian, was a Western Roman Emperor from 375 to 383.He favoured the Christian religion against Roman polytheism, refusing the traditional polytheistic attributes of the emperors and removing the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate....   ( Flavius Gratianus )	Son of Valentinian I, nephew of Valens	18 April/23 May 359 359 Events...	9 August 378 378 Events... Inherited rule of the East upon the death of Valens	19 January 379 379 Events...   Appointed Theodosius I as Emperor of the East	25 August 383 383 Events...   Assassinated during the rebellion of Magnus Maximus Magnus Maximus Magnus Clemens Maximus , also known as Maximianus, was a Hispanic Roman usurper of the Western Roman Empire from 383 until his death, in 388, by order of Emperor Theodosius I....	He inherited the rule of the East upon Valens' death. He appointed one of his generals, Theodosius, as Emperor in the East in the following year. He was also Emperor in the West (with Valentinian II Valentinian II Flavius Valentinianus Iunior , known usually by his anglicised name, Valentinian II, was a Roman Emperor from 375 to 392.... ) 375-383
	Theodosius I Theodosius I Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great , was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire....   ( Flavius Theodosius )	Aristocrat and military leader, brother-in-law of Gratian	11 January 347 347 Events...	19 January 379 379 Events... Appointed by Gratian	17 January 395 395 Sorry, no overview for this topic   old age		He was appointed Emperor in the East by Gratian, who needed a loyal ally to deal with the effects of Adrianople. He restored the Eastern armies by taking many barbarian mercenaries into Roman service. After the deaths of Gratian and Valentinian II, he took control of the Western half of the Empire. He was the last Emperor to de facto rule the entire Empire. Made Christianity the official religion of the Empire.
	Arcadius Arcadius Flavius Arcadius was Roman Emperors in the Eastern half of the Roman Empire from 395 until his death.Arcadius was born in Spain, the elder son of Theodosius I and Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of Flavius Augustus Honorius, who would become a Western Roman Emperor....   ( Flavius Arcadius )	Son of Theodosius I	377/378	17 January 395 395 Sorry, no overview for this topic Upon the death of Theodosius I	1 May 408 408 For the area code, see Area code 408....		A weak Emperor, dominated by his wife Aelia Eudoxia Aelia Eudoxia Aelia Eudoxia was the Empress consort of the Byzantine Empire emperor Arcadius....  and ministers. Brother of the Western Emperor Honorius Honorius (emperor) Flavius Honorius was Roman Emperor and then Western Roman Empire from 395 until his death. He was the younger son of Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of the Eastern Emperor Arcadius....
	Theodosius II Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius , called the Calligrapher, known in English as Theodosius II, was an Eastern Roman Empire , mostly known for the law code bearing his name, the Codex Theodosianus, and the Walls of Constantinople#The Theodosian Walls of Constantinople built during his reign....   ( Flavius Theodosius )	Son of Arcadius	10 April 401 401 Sorry, no overview for this topic	1 May 408 408 For the area code, see Area code 408.... Upon the death of Arcadius	28 July 450 450 For the area code, see Area code 450....   Riding accident		He was heavily influenced by his sister, Pulcheria, who declared herself "Augusta" in 414. During his reign, her Christian views led to persecution of non-Christians in the Empire. However, the period also saw the construction of Constantinople's near-impregnable Theodosian Walls, and the publication of the Codex Theodosianus Codex Theodosianus The Codex Theodosianus was a compilation of the Roman law of the Roman Empire under the Christian emperors since 312. A commission was established by Theodosius II in 429 and the compilation was published in the eastern half of the Roman Empire in 438.... . He died in 450, leaving his sister as his heir.
	Pulcheria Pulcheria Aelia Pulcheria was the daughter of the List of Byzantine Emperors Arcadius and Aelia Eudoxia.As the elder sister of Theodosius II, she held much of the power when he came to the throne as a child in 408....   ( Aelia Pulcheria )	Daughter of Arcadius, sister of Theodosius II	19 January 399 399 Events...	28 July 450 450 For the area code, see Area code 450.... Upon the death of Theodosius II	July 453		After the death of her father, Arcadius, she became politically prominent. She was responsible for appointing the barbarian Aspar Aspar Flavius Ardabur Aspar , an Alans, was patrician and magister militum of the Eastern Roman Empire.Son of the magister Ardaburius, Aspar played a crucial role in his father's expedition in 424 to defeat the western roman usurper, Joannes of Ravenna, and to install Galla Placidia and her son, Valentinian III, in his place....  as Eastern Roman "Master of Soldiers", a position he would use to his own ends. Strongly Christian, she encouraged her brother to rule according to Christian values. She became a nun after being forced from the court in 441, but returned after her brother's death. She then married Marcian, and the pair ruled together until 453. She was later canonised by the Eastern Orthodox Church
	Marcian Marcian Flavius Marcianus, known in English as Marcian, was the List of Byzantine Emperors of the Byzantine Empire from 450 until his death. Marcian's rule marked a recovery of the Eastern Empire, which the emperor protected from external menaces and reformed economically and financially....   ( Flavius Marcianus )	Soldier, politician, husband of Pulcheria	396	450 Upon his marriage to Pulcheria	January 457 Gangrene contracted on a journey		He was elevated to the imperial throne by his marriage to Pulcheria. He was supported by Aspar. Under his rule, the Eastern Empire recovered from the political and military vicissitudes of the past ¾ of a century, and faced down Attila the Hun Attila the Hun Attila , also known as Attila the Hun, was leader of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the Danube to the Baltic Sea .... . The West, however, he left to fend for itself. He was canonised after his death by the Eastern Orthodox Church

Leonid dynasty

House of Leo

The House of Leo ruled the Eastern Roman Empire from 457 to 518 .The emperors of the House of Leo were:# Leo I the Thracian – soldier...
 (457-518)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Leo I Leo I (emperor) Flavius Valerius Leo , known in English as Leo the Thracian or Leo I, was a Byzantine Emperor who ruled from 457 to 474. He was known as Magnus Thrax by his supporters, and Leo the Butcher by his enemies....  "the Thracian" (Flavius Valerius Leo )	Soldier	401	7 February 457 457 Events... Chosen by Aspar Aspar Flavius Ardabur Aspar , an Alans, was patrician and magister militum of the Eastern Roman Empire.Son of the magister Ardaburius, Aspar played a crucial role in his father's expedition in 424 to defeat the western roman usurper, Joannes of Ravenna, and to install Galla Placidia and her son, Valentinian III, in his place.... , commander-in-chief of the army	18 January 474 474 Events...   Died of dysentery		He was chosen by Aspar Aspar Flavius Ardabur Aspar , an Alans, was patrician and magister militum of the Eastern Roman Empire.Son of the magister Ardaburius, Aspar played a crucial role in his father's expedition in 424 to defeat the western roman usurper, Joannes of Ravenna, and to install Galla Placidia and her son, Valentinian III, in his place.... , who attempted to rule through him; Leo resisted and broke Aspar's power. In order to do this, he was forced to ally with the Isaurians, whose leader Tarasicodissa married Leo's daughter Ariadne Ariadne (empress) Aelia Ariadne was the the Empress consort of Zeno and Anastasius I of the Byzantine Empire.... and took the Roman name "Zeno". He raised Theodoric the Great Theodoric the Great File:Theodoric bronze weight inlaid with silver issued by prefect Catulinus Rome 493 526.jpg'Theodoric the Great' , known in Latin as 'Flavius Theodericus' and in Greek sources, was king of the Ostrogoths , ruler of Italy , and regent of the Visigoths ....  in his court. He was the first Emperor to be crowned by the Patriarch of Constantinople.
	Leo II Leo II (emperor) Flavius Leo Iunior or Leo II served as List of Byzantine Emperors from January 18 to November 17, 474. He was the son of Zeno and Ariadne ....   ( Flavius Leo )	Grandson of Leo I	467	18 January 474 474 Events... Succeeded his grandfather Leo I	17 November 474 474 Events...   Died of an unknown disease, possibly poisoned		He was the son of Ariadne (daughter of Leo I) by Zeno. He inherited the throne upon his grandfather's death. It was rumoured that his mother had poisoned him to allow Zeno to take the throne.
	Zeno Zeno (emperor) Flavius Zeno Perpetuus, original name Tarasicodissa or Trascalissaeus, Eastern Roman Empire was one of the more prominent of the early Byzantine Emperors....   ( Flavius Zeno ) (Born Tarasicodissa)	Roman general of Isaurian origins; son-in-law of Leo I, father of Leo II	c.425	Co-emperor: 9 February 474 474 Events... Appointed by his son Leo II Sole Emperor: 17 November 474 474 Events...   Succeeded upon the death of Leo II	9 January 475 475 Sorry, no overview for this topic   Deposed by Basiliscus, brother-in-law of Leo I	9 April 491 491 For the film, see 491 ....	An Isaurian chieftain, he gave his support to Leo I to overthrow Aspar. In exchange, he was allowed to marry Leo I's daughter Ariadne, by whom he had a son, Leo II. After the latter's death, he took the throne. Unpopular due to his barbarian origins, he was deposed by his mother-in-law, Verina Verina Aelia Verina was the Empress consort of Leo I of the Byzantine Empire. She was a sister of Basiliscus. Her daughter Ariadne was Empress consort of first Zeno and then Anastasius I .... , and her brother Basiliscus.
	Basiliscus Basiliscus Flavius Basiliscus was an Eastern Roman Emperor of the House of Leo, who ruled briefly , when Emperor Zeno had been forced out of Constantinople by a revolt....   ( Flavius Basiliscus )	Army General; brother-in-law of Leo I		9 January 475 475 Sorry, no overview for this topic Seized power from Zeno	August 476 Deposed by Zeno	476/477	The brother of Leo I's wife, Verina Verina Aelia Verina was the Empress consort of Leo I of the Byzantine Empire. She was a sister of Basiliscus. Her daughter Ariadne was Empress consort of first Zeno and then Anastasius I .... . He was favoured by Leo I, who made him the leader of an expedition against Carthage. The expedition failed, however, Initially popular, Basiliscus alienated the Constantinopolitan population, and his own followers, partly through misfortunes of chance, partly through callous treatment of his allies and his support for the Monophysite Heresy. He was betrayed by his allies, and defeated when Zeno returned to the city with an army. He was then starved to death.
	Zeno Zeno (emperor) Flavius Zeno Perpetuus, original name Tarasicodissa or Trascalissaeus, Eastern Roman Empire was one of the more prominent of the early Byzantine Emperors.... , restored ( Flavius Zeno ) (Born Tarasicodissa)	Roman general of Isaurian origins; son-in-law of Leo I, father of Leo II	c.425	restored August 476 Having deposed Basiliscus	9 April 491 491 For the film, see 491 ....		He rallied an army and restored himself by force. Shortly afterwards, he formally reunited the Roman Empire upon the deposition of the Western Emperor Romulus Augustulus, although in reality the West fell under barbarian control. He ruled laxly, but he left the East stronger than he had found it.
	Anastasius I Anastasius I (emperor) Flavius Anastasius or Anastasius I was Byzantine Emperor from 11 April 491 until his death. He was born at Dyrrhachium not later than 430/431....   ( Flavius Anastasius )	Palace official ("Silentiarius"); son-in-law of Leo I	c.430	11 April 491 491 For the film, see 491 .... Chosen by Ariadne, widow of Zeno	9 July 518 518 For the area code see area code 518....		He was a reputable palace official chosen by Ariadne (daughter of Leo I, widow of Zeno) to succeed; the pair then married. He was at first popular due to his lowering of taxation; he lost popularity when he adopted a strong monophysite policy in his final years. His leadership in war led to an exhaustive conflict between the Romans and the Persians, resulting in little benefit; he also faced ravaging of the Balkans by Slavic and Bulgar invasions.

Justinian dynasty

Justinian Dynasty

The Justinian Dynasty is a family who ruled over the Byzantine Empire from 518 to 602. It originated with Justin I and ended with Maurice .* Justin I - ...
 (518-602)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Justin I Justin I Flavius Iustinus , known in English as Justin I, was a List of Byzantine Emperors , who rose through the ranks of the army of the Byzantine Empire and ultimately became its emperor, in spite of the fact he was illiterate and almost seventy years old at the time of accession....   (Flavius Iustinus )	General, commander of the City Guards under Anastasius I	c.450	July 518 Elected by army and people upon the death of Anastasius I	1 August 527 527 For the political lobbying groups, see 527 groups....		He was an illiterate Illyrian peasant, who rose to become commander of the city guards. Through this position and lavish bribery, he secured the throne upon the death of Anastasius I. His reign was marked mainly by conflict with the Ostrogoths and Persians.
	Justinian I Justinian I Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus , AD 482 or 483 ? 13 or 14 November 565, was the second member of the Justinian Dynasty and List of Roman Emperors from 527 until his death....   (Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus)	Nephew and heir of Justin I	482/483	1 August 527 527 For the political lobbying groups, see 527 groups.... Inherited the throne on the death of Justin I	13/14 November 565		The son of Justin I's sister, Vigilantia, he was adopted by his uncle, then a rising officer of the army, and brought to Constantinople where he was given a good education. He married in 525 Theodora Theodora (6th century) Theodora , was empress of the Byzantine Empire and the wife of Emperor Justinian I. Like her husband, she is a saint in the Eastern Orthodoxy, commemorated on November 14.... , a shrewd and capable courtesan who acted as the power behind the throne whilst she lived. Often referred to as the last "Roman" emperor Justinian reconquered large swathes of territory in Italy and the Adriatic coastline, North Africa, and Spain, destroying many of the conquered territories in the process. Justinian also ordered the construction of the Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia is a former Patriarchate basilica, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture....  patriarchal basilica in 532. This "Renewal of the Empire", however, was ended by an outbreak of the so-called Plague of Justinian Plague of Justinian The Plague of Justinian was a pandemic that afflicted the Byzantine Empire, including its capital Constantinople, in the years 541?542 AD. The most commonly accepted cause of the pandemic is bubonic plague, which later became infamous for either causing or contributing to the Black Death of the 14th century....  across Europe, killing much of the Empire's population, and seriously weakening it. Against Justinian's credit of restoring Roman rule in parts of the west, and his work on creating the "Corpus Juris Civilis Corpus Juris Civilis The Corpus Juris Civilis is the modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Byzantine Emperors.... ", must be set the dire legacy he left his heir, Justin II: a hugely reduced army, a crippled economy, and over-stretched resources.
	Justin II Justin II Flavius Iustinus Augustus was Eastern Roman emperor from 565 to 578. He was the nephew of Justinian I, and husband of Sophia , the niece of the late empress Theodora , and therefore member of the Justinian Dynasty....   (Flavius Iustinus Iunior)	Nephew and heir of Justinian I	c.520	14 November 565 565 Sorry, no overview for this topic Inherited the throne on the death of Justinian I	5 October 578 578 Events...		The son of Justinian I's sister, Vigilantia, he inherited the throne upon his uncle's death. He proved a dismal successor to Justinian: in 568, Italy was overrun by the Lombards; his refusal to pay tribute to the Avars led to a number of unsuccessful campaigns against them; and he lost Syria to the Persians. The stresses of his duties proved too much, and, after making his friend and general Tiberius co-Emperor, he lapsed into insanity.
	Tiberius II Constantine Tiberius II Constantine Flavius Tiberius Constantinus Augustus or Tiberius II Constantine, known in Greek as Tiberios Konstantinos was a Byzantine emperor of the Justinian Dynasty....   (Flavius Tiberius Constantinus)	"Comes" of the Excubitors, friend and adoptive son of Justin II	c.520	5 October 578 578 Events... Became full Emperor on the death of Justin II	14 August 582 582 Events... possibly poisoned by Maurice		A friend of Justin II, he was adopted and made co-emperor in 574, upon the advice of the Empress Sophia. He thereafter ruled with the Empress until Justin's death in 578. During his reign, the Persians were defeated in Armenia, whilst the Roman territories in Spain and Africa were secured. However, he was unable to prevent Slavic invasions of the Balkans. He named his son-in-law, Maurice, heir when he became ill in 582; his death shortly afterwards was attributed by rumour to poison.
	Maurice Maurice (emperor) Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus , known in English as Maurice and in Greek as Maurikios, was a Byzantine Emperor who ruled from 582-602....   (Flavius Mauricius Tiberius)	Commander-in-chief of Cappadocian origins; son-in-law of Tiberius II	539	14 August 582 582 Events... Succeeded upon the death of his father-in-law Tiberius II	November 602 Forced to abdicate by Phocas	27 November 602 602 Events... Executed by Phocas	One of Constantinople's outstanding generals, he successfully defeated the Persians in 581. He married Constantina, the daughter of Tiberius II in 582, and in the same year became Emperor upon Tiberius' death. He continued the Persian war until 591, when he secured peace by placing the exiled Sassanid heir Khosrau II Khosrau II Khosrau II or Khosrow II was the twenty-second Sassanid Empire King of Persia from 590 to 628. He was the son of Hormizd IV and grandson of Khosrau I .... on the Persian throne. He also warred mostly successfuly with the Avars and Slavs, and instituted the system of the "Exarchates" in Italy and Africa, allowing greater competence in defending Roman territory there. A refusal to pay a ransom demanded by the Avars in exchange for several thousand captured Roman soldiers led to the rebellion of Phocas, who had Maurice executed. His reign saw the last flowering of Roman power, and a weakening of both the Empire and Persia.

Non-dynastic (602-610)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Phocas Phocas Flavius Phocas Augustus, , usurped the Byzantine Byzantine Emperors from the Emperor Maurice , and was himself overthrown by Heraclius after losing a civil war....   (Flavius Phocas )	sub-altern in the Balkan army, leader of rebellion; deposed Maurice	?	November 602 Seized power in a rebellion against Maurice	610 Executed by Heraclius		A minor soldier in the Roman army, he led a rebellion against Maurice after the latter ordered the exhausted forces to winter on the unprotected side of the Danube, and then tried to send them on a winter campaign. In the ensuing rebellion, Maurice abdicated; Phocas had himself crowned Emperor, and then executed the ex-emperor and his children. He was initially popular due to his lowering of taxes and his reforms. However, under his rule, the traditional Roman borders in the east began to collapse, whilst the Persians supported rebellions on their border and advanced their control westwards. Eventually, his authority crumbled, and Heraclius proclaimed himself as Emperor and seized control, executing Phocas.

Heraclian dynasty (610-711)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Herakleios Heraclius Flavius Heraclius was a Byzantine Emperor, who ruled the Byzantine Empire for over thirty years, from October 5, 610 to February 11, 641. His rise to power began in 608, when he and his Heraclius the Elder, the viceregal Exarchate of Africa, successfully led a revolt against the unpopular usurper Phocas....   (?????e???, Herakleios) Heraclius (Flavius Heraclius)	son of Exarch Heraclius the Elder Heraclius the Elder Heraclius the Elder - An Armenian exarch of Exarchate of Africa, the father of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius. In 608, Heraclius the Elder renounced his loyalty to the Emperor Phocas, who had overthrown Maurice six years earlier.... ; deposed Phocas	c.575	5 October 610 610 This article is about the year 610....   Seized power in a rebellion against Phocas	11 February 641 641 Events...		He rebelled against Phocas and seized power. After a long war with the Sassanid Empire and the Avars, he emerged victorious, fatally weakening both opponents. He was unable to prevent the loss of Syria, Palestine and Egypt to the newly emergent Arab Caliphate towards the end of his reign. He is credited with organising the system of Themata to defend the Empire, and with making Greek rather than Latin the official language of the Empire. He left the Empire to be ruled jointly by his two sons Constantine III and Heraklonas
	Constantine III Constantine III (emperor) Heraclius Novus Constantinus , known in English as Constantine III, was the eldest son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudocia, and ruled as Emperor for four months in 641....   (?????e??? ???sta?t????, Herakleios Novos Konstantinos) Constantine III ( Heraclius Novus Constantinus )	eldest son of Herakleios	3 May 612 612 Events...	11 February 641 641 Events...   Succeeded to throne with Heraklonas following death of Herakleios	24/26 May 641 641 Events... Tuberculosis, allegedly poisoned by Martina		He was made co-Emperor with his father in 613, but did not fully accede until his father's death. He died shortly after his accession, his sole noteworthy act being bribing the army to safeguard the rights of his son, Constans II. The rumour that his stepmother, Martina Martina Martina was the second Empress consort of Heraclius of the Byzantine Empire.... , had poisoned him led to the downfall of herself and her son, Heraklonas
	Heraklonas Heraklonas Constantinus Heraclius , known in English as Heraklonas, Heraclonas , or Heracleonas, , was the son of Heraclius and his niece Martina, and was Byzantine Emperor briefly between February and September 641....   (???sta?t???? ?????e???, Konstantinos Herakleios) Heraclianus (Constantinus Heraclius)	younger son of Herakleios	626	11 February 641 641 Events...   Succeeded to throne with Constantine III following death of Herakleios	September 641 Deposed by Senate	c.641 Presumed to have died in exile	He was made co-Emperor with his father in 638, but did not fully accede until his father's death. After his brother's death, he ruled briefly as co-emperor, then made his nephew, Constans II, co-emperor, to quell an army revolt. The people of Constantinople, however, mistrusted him, believing that he and his mother Martina had murdered Constantine III; in September, the Senate deposed him and his mother, subjected both to ritual mutilation (Heraklonas lost his nose, Martina lost her tongue), and exiled them to Rhodes.
	Constans II Constans II Constans II , also called "Constantine the Bearded" , was Byzantine emperor from 641 to 668. He also was the last emperor to become consul in 642, becoming the last Roman consul in history....   (???sta? ?', Konstas II); born Herakleios Constantine (?????e??? ???sta?t????, Herakleios Konstantinos ); called "Constantine the Bearded" (???sta?t???? ??????t??, Konstantinos Pogonatos) Constans II (Constantus II); born Heraclius Constantine ( Heraclius Constantinus ); called "Constantine the Bearded"	son of Constantine III	7 November 630 630 Events...	641 Made co-Emperor by Hereklonas, sole emperor in that same year	15 September 668 668 Events... Assassinated, possibly on the orders of Mezezius		His uncle, Heraklonas, made him co-emperor to quell a revolt; the revolt continued, and Heraklonas was deposed. Constans then ruled as sole emperor. In his reign, Egypt was lost completely by the Empire, whilst Carthage was also lost for a time. He stabilised the border in the Balkans. His religious attitudes led him to bring Pope Martin I Pope Martin I Pope Saint Martin I, born near Todi, Umbria in the place now named after him Pian S. Martino, was pope from 649 to 653, succeeding Pope Theodore I in July 649....  to trial in Constantinople for his criticism of Constans. After executing his brother, Theodosius, he became hated by the people of Constantinople, and left for Syracuse; he spent the rest of his life in Italy. Rumours that he intended to establish Syracuse as his capital led to his being assassinated in his bath. A noble of the court, Mezesius, then established a military regime in Sicily for several months.
	Mezezius Mezezius Mezezius was a Byzantine Empire usurper in Sicily from 668 to 669.He was a noble Armenian people from the Gnuni clan at the court of the emperor Constans II in Syracuse, Italy, and may have been complicit in the emperor's murder at the baths of Daphne in 668....	Usurper Emperor	Unknown	668	669		A member of the Gnuni family. Declared Emperor in Sicily Sicily Sicily is an Autonomous regions with special statute of Italy. Of all the regions of Italy, Sicily covers the largest land area at 25,708 km? and currently has just over five million inhabitants....  and ruled there for seceral months. Killed in conflict with Constantine IV.
	Constantine IV Constantine IV Constantine IV , ; sometimes incorrectly called Pogonatos, "the Bearded", by confusion with his father; was Byzantine emperor from 668 to 685....   (???sta?t????, Konstantinos) Constantine (Constantinos)	son of Constans II	652	15 September 668 668 Events...   succeeded following murder of Constans II	September 685 Died of dysentery		He became Emperor following the murder of his father; immediately, he was forced to suppress a revolt in Sicily, led by the imperial pretender Mezezius. In his reign, Constantinople was attacked by an Arab fleet between 672 and 678; Greek fire was used to drive them off. However, several coastal cities, including Smyrna and Cyzicus, were conquered by the Arabs, whilst the Bulgars took advantage of the situation to establish a state in Moesia, to which Constantine was forced to pay tribute. His reign also saw the formal condemnation of monothelitism by the Sixth Oecumenical Council.
	Justinian II Justinian II Justinian II , known as Rinotmetos or Rhinotmetus , was the last Byzantine emperor of the :Category:Heraclian Dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711....	son of Constantine IV	669	Co-emperor in 681, sole emperor in 685.	695 Deposed by military revolt	December 711	Augmented the sum paid by the Umayyad Caliphate Caliphate The caliphate represented the political leadership of the Muslim ummah in classical and medieval Islamic history and juristic theory. The head of state's position is based on the notion of a successor to the Prophets of Islam Muhammad's political authority....  as an annual tribute, regained control of part of Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is an island country situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, east of Greece, west of Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, south of Turkey and north of Egypt.... . The income from the provinces of Armenia Armenia Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....  and Iberia was divided among the two empires. Defeated Slavic tribes of Macedonia Macedonia (region) Macedonia is a geographical and Historical regions of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century....  and relocated them to Anatolia Anatolia Anatolia or Asia Minor is a region of Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. It is a geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Caucasus to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Iranian plateau to the east and southeast.... . Started war against the Umayyads which resulted in the loss of Armenia to them. Deposed shortly after.
	Leontios Leontios Leontios or Leontius , , was Byzantine emperor from 695 to 698. His actual and official name was Leo , but he is known by the name used for him in Byzantine chronicles....	Usurper Emperor	Unknown	695	698 Deposed by military revolt	705	A strategos Strategos The term strategos is used in Greek language to mean "general". In the Hellenistic and Byzantine Empires the term was also used to describe a military governor....  from Isauria Isauria Isauria , in ancient geography, is a rugged isolated district in the interior of South Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods, but generally covering much of what is now Konya/Bozkir province of Turkey, or the core of the Mount Taurus.... . Used the army of the Helladic Theme to depose Justinian II. Lost Carthage Carthage Carthage refers both to an ancient city in present-day Tunisia, and a modern-day suburb of Tunis. The civilization that developed within the city's sphere of influence is referred to as Punic or Carthaginian....  to Abd al-Malik Abd al-Malik Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. He was born in Mecca and grew up in Medinah . Abd al-Malik was a well-educated man and capable ruler, despite the many political problems that impeded his rule....  of the Umayyad Caliphate. Briefly resumed control of the city but the Battle of Carthage Battle of Carthage (698) The Battle of Carthage was fought in 698 CE between a Byzantine Empire expeditionary force and the armies of the Umayyad Caliphate. Having lost Carthage to the Muslims, Emperor Leontius sent the navy under the command of John the Patrician and the droungarios Tiberius Apsimarus....  firmly established Umayyad control over the Exarchate of Africa Exarchate of Africa The Exarchate of Africa or of Carthage, after its capital, was the name of an administrative division of the Eastern Roman Empire encompassing its possessions on the Western Mediterranean, ruled by an exarch, or viceroy.... . The remnants of the defeated Byzantine expedition revolted against Leontius and deposed him. Executed by Justinian II in 705.
	Tiberios III Tiberios III Tiberios III or Tiberius III , , was Byzantine emperor from 698 to 705.Tiberius was a Germanic navy officer originally named Apsimarus , who rose to the position of droungarios of the Cibyrrhaeotic Theme....	Usurper Emperor	Unknown	698	705 Deposed by a Bulgarian-supported revolt	705	An army officer of Germanic Germanic peoples File:Germanische-ratsversammlung 1-1250x715.jpgThe Germanic peoples are a historical Ethnolinguistics group, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Indo-European languages Germanic languages which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age....  origins. Led remnants of the defeated army expedition for Carthage to successful revolt. War with Abd Al-Malik continued with incoclusive victories and losses for either side. Deposed by Justinian II who had gained the military support of Tervel of Bulgaria Tervel of Bulgaria Tervel also called Tarvel, or Terval, or Terbelis in some Byzantine Empire sources, was the ruler of the Bulgarians at the beginning of the 8th century.... . Executed shortly after deposition.
	Justinian II Justinian II Justinian II , known as Rinotmetos or Rhinotmetus , was the last Byzantine emperor of the :Category:Heraclian Dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711....	son of Constantine IV	669	705	711 Deposed by military revolt	December 711	Restored to the throne by winning the military support of Tervel of Bulgaria. Rewarded Tervel with a number of territories in the Balkans. Attempted to regain said territories by attacking Tervel in 708. The expedition failed and peace was restored. The Ummayyads managed to capture Cilicia Cilicia In antiquity, Cilicia now known as ?ukurova, was a commonly used name of the south coastal region of the Anatolian peninsula, and a political entity in Roman times....  and penetrated into Cappadocia Cappadocia Cappadocia, Wikipedia:IPA for English /k?p?'do???/ , was an extensive inland district of Asia Minor . The name continued to be used in western sources and in the Christianity tradition throughout history and is still widely used as an international Tourism in Turkey concept to define a region of exceptional natural wonders characterized by... . Inflicted harsh punishments to the city of Cherson Chersonesos Chersonesos was an Ancient Greece colony founded approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern part of Crimea, known then as Taurica. The colony was established in the 6th century BC by settlers from Heraclea Pontica....  which had served as his exile place for several years. The troops of Cherson revolted against him. He led his own troops against the rebels, fell into their hands and was swiftly executed.

Non-dynastic (711-717)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Philippikos Philippikos Philippikos or Philippicus , was Byzantine emperor from 711 to 713.Philippicus was originally named Bardanes , and was the son of the patrician Nikephorus, who was of Armenian extraction from an Armenian colony in Pergamum....	A general of Armenian Armenians The Armenians are a nation and ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands. A large concentration of them has remained there, especially in Armenia, but many of them are also scattered elsewhere throughout the world ....  origins; deposed Justinian II	Unknown	December, 711	3 June, 713 713 ----... Deposed by a military revolt	Later in the 8th century	A Monothelite Monothelitism Monothelitism is a particular teaching about how the divine and human relate in the person of Jesus, known as a Christological doctrine, that began in Armenia and Syria in AD 633.... . Led the troops of Cherson in successful revolt against Justinian II. Abolished the canons of the Third Council of Constantinople Third Council of Constantinople The Third Council of Constantinople is believed to have been the Sixth Ecumenical Council by the Eastern Orthodox, the Roman Catholics, the Old Catholics, and a number of other Western Christian groups.... . Both Tervel of Bulgaria Tervel of Bulgaria Tervel also called Tarvel, or Terval, or Terbelis in some Byzantine Empire sources, was the ruler of the Bulgarians at the beginning of the 8th century....  and Al-Walid I Al-Walid I Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik or Al-Walid I was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 705 - 715. He continued the expansion of the Islamic empire that was sparked by his father, and was an effective ruler....  of the Umayyad Caliphate managed to gain military victories over him. Deposed by a revolt of the troops of the Opsikian Theme, Thrace Thrace Thrace is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. Today the name Thrace designates a region spread over southern Bulgaria , northeastern Greece , and European Turkey .... . He was deposed and blinded.
	Anastasios II Anastasios II (emperor) Artemius Anastasius , known in English as Anastasios II or Anastasius II, , was Byzantine emperor from 713 to 715.Anastasios was originally named Artemios , and had served as a bureaucrat and imperial secretary for his predecessors....	a burecraut, imperial secretary for Philippikos	Unknown	June, 713	November, 715 Deposed by a military revolt	718	Restored the canons of the Third Council of Constantinople. Attempted to impose discipline in the army and executed officers involved in previous revolts. The troops of the Opsikian Theme again revolted and deposed him. Retired for a while to a monastery in Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Thessaloniki , Thessalonica, or Salonica is the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country in Greece and the capital of Macedonia , the nation's largest Regions of Greece.... . Led a Bulgarian-supported revolt against Leo III in 718. He was captured and executed.
	Theodosios III Theodosios III Theodosios III or Theodosius III , was Byzantine Emperor from 715 to March 25, 717.Theodosius was a financial officer and tax collector in the southern portion of the Theme of Opsikion....	a financial officer, tax collector in the Opsikian Theme	Unknown	May, 715	25 March, 717 717 Events... Deposed by a military revolt	Later in the 8th century	Obscure origins, possibly related to Tiberios III. Laid siege to Constantinople from May to November, 715, prior to gaining entry and deposing Anastasios II. He was facing a renewed threat from the Umayyad Caliphate. Concluded a treaty with Kormesiy of Bulgaria Kormesiy of Bulgaria Kormesiy was a ruler of Danubian Bulgaria in the first half of the 8th century. Western chronicles name Kormesiy "the third ruler over the Bulgarians", and he is sometimes considered the direct successor of Tervel of Bulgaria.... , attempting to secure an alliance with him. Deposed by a combined revolt of generals Leo of the Anatolic Theme and Artabasdus of the Armeniac Theme. Abdicated when the rebels captured his namesake son, father and son joined the clergy. A Theodosios who was bishop of Ephesus Ephesus Ephesus was an ancient Greek city on the west coast of Anatolia, in the region known as Ionia during the period known as Classical Greece. It was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League....  c. 729 - 754 was either the former emperor or his son.

Isaurian dynasty (717-802)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Leo III the Isaurian Leo III the Isaurian Leo III the Isaurian or the Syrian , was List of Byzantine Emperors from 717 until his death in 741. He put an end to a period of instability, successfully defended the empire against the invading Umayyads, and forbade the veneration of icons ....	a general from Germanikeia Kahramanmaras Kahramanmaras is the capital List of cities in Turkey of Kahramanmaras Province Provinces of Turkey in southeastern Turkey. The city lies on a plain at the foot of the Taurus Mountains and has a population of 326,198 as of 2000.... , Commagene	c. 685	25 March, 717 717 Events...	18 June, 741 741 Events...	18 June, 741 741 Events...	Strategos of the Anatolic theme. Successfully deposed Theodosios III. Faced the Siege of Constantinople Siege of Constantinople (718) The Second Arab Siege of Constantinople was a combined land and sea effort by the Arabs to take the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople....  (717 - 718) by Maslama. The Byzantines were reinforced by Tervel of Bulgaria Tervel of Bulgaria Tervel also called Tarvel, or Terval, or Terbelis in some Byzantine Empire sources, was the ruler of the Bulgarians at the beginning of the 8th century....  and his troops. Maslama and his forces retreated, their Caliph Umar ibn AbdulAziz did not attempt another siege. Leo later also successfully withstood attacks by Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik 10th Umayyad caliph who ruled from 723 until his death in 743. When he was born in 691 his mother named him after her father.... . Elevated the serf SERF A spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer achieves very high magnetic field sensitivity by monitoring a high density vapor of alkali metal atoms precessing in a near-zero magnetic field.... s into a class Social class Social class refers to the hierarchy distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. Usually most societies have some notion of social class , but concretely defined social classes are not found in every known type of human societies....  of free Freedom (political) Political freedom is the absence of interference with the sovereignty of an individual by the use of coercion or aggression. The members of a free society would have full dominion over their public and private lives....  tenants. He was the first of the Iconoclast Iconoclasm (Byzantine) Iconoclasm, Greek for "image-breaking", is the deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religion icons and other symbols or monuments, usually for religious or political motives....  Emperors.
	Constantine V Constantine V Constantine V was List of Byzantine Emperors from 741 to 775; ); ....	Son of Leo III	July, 718	Co-ruler in 720, senior ruler in 741	14 September, 775 775 Events...	14 September, 775 775 Events...	Second of the Iconoclast Emperors. Almost immediately challenged for the throne by his brother-in-law Artabasdos Artabasdos Artavasdos, latinized as Artabasdos or Artabasdus , was Byzantine Emperor from June 741 or 742 until November 743. His reign constitutes a usurpation against Constantine V, who had retained control of several thema in Asia Minor.... . Their civil war from 741 to 743, with Constantine as the victor. Branded the worship of relic Relic A relic is an object or a personal item of Religion significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial. Relics are an important aspect of some forms of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other religions.... s and prayers to the saint Saint A saint in Christianity is a human being who has been called to holiness. The term is used differently by various denominations, with some, such as the Anglicans, Methodists, and Lutherans distinguishing between Saints and saints.... s as heretical Heresy Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief, especially a religion, that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief....  practices. Reorganized the Byzantine army Byzantine army The Byzantine army was the primary military body of the Byzantine Empire armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine navy. A direct descendant of the Roman army and older Hellenistic armies armies, the Byzantine army maintained a similar level of discipline, strategic prowess and organization.... , introducing the tagma Tagma (military) The tagma is a term for a military unit of battalion size. The best-known use of the term however refers to the elite regiments comprising the central imperial army of the middle and late Byzantine Empire....  as its core military unit of professional troops. Invaded the Umayyad Caliphate which was falling apart under Marwan II Marwan II Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan or Marwan II was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 744 until 750 when he was killed. He was the last Umayyad ruler to rule from Damascus.... , later leading attacks against As-Saffah As-Saffah Abu al-`Abbas `Abdu'llah as-Saffah ibn Muhammad Ali ibn Abdullah `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib Abdul Muttalib Hashim ibn Abd Manaf was the first Abbasid caliph.... , the first Abbasid Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The Caliphate is one of the high points of Islam, and at the time Muslim civilization, together with that of Byzantium, China and India, was the most developed part of the world....  Caliph. Gained a number of Christian captives from his Arab campaigns, resettling them in the Balkans Balkans The Balkans is the historical name of a geographic subregion of southeastern Europe. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains, which run through the centre of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia.... . Led aggressive campaigns against the First Bulgarian Empire First Bulgarian Empire The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 in the lands near the Danube Delta and disintegrated in AD 1018 after its annexation to the Byzantine Empire....  in attempt to extend his borders. His reign marks a turn of Byzantine military activities from mostly defensive actions to offensive campaigns against its eastern and northern neighbors.
	Artabasdos Artabasdos Artavasdos, latinized as Artabasdos or Artabasdus , was Byzantine Emperor from June 741 or 742 until November 743. His reign constitutes a usurpation against Constantine V, who had retained control of several thema in Asia Minor....	Son-in-law of Leo III, brother-in-law of Constantine V	Unknown	Rival emperor from June 741/2	2 November, 743 743 Events...	Later in the 8th century	Strategos of the Armeniac theme, helped Leo III rise to the throne. Married Anna Anna, wife of Artabasdos Anna was the wife of Artabasdos, one of two rival Byzantine Emperors in a civil war which lasted from June, 741 to November, 743. The other Emperor was her brother, Constantine V.... , daughter of Leo III, and also given command of Opsikion theme. Challenged his brother-in-law Constantine V for the throne soon after the death of Leo. He led the Iconodule faction of the civil war and held Constantinople for its duration. He was defeated, blinded and sent to a monastery. Unknown time of death, there is mention of his bones c. 772.
	Leo IV the Khazar Leo IV the Khazar Leo IV the Khazars , , was Byzantine Empire from 775 to 780.Leo was the son of Emperor Constantine V by his first wife, Irene of Khazaria ....	Son of Constantine V	25 January, 750 750 Events...	Co-ruler in 751, senior ruler in 775	8 September, 780 780 Events...	8 September, 780 780 Events...	Third of the Iconoclast Emperors. His mother Tzitzak Tzitzak Tzitzak , was a Khazar princess, and later, the first wife of Byzantine Empire Byzantine emperor Constantine V. She was the daughter ofthe Khazar Khagan Bihar ....  was a Khazar princess Princess Princess, is the feminine form of prince . Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or her daughters.For many centuries, the title "princess" was not regularly used for a monarch's daughter, who might simply be called "Lady" or a non-English equivalent; Old English language had no female equivalent to "prince", "earl"... . Faced uprisings by his younger half-brother Nikephoros and the others sons of Constantine V by Eudokia Eudokia, wife of Constantine V Eudokia was the third Empress consort of Constantine V of the Byzantine Empire.... . In his conflict with Al-Mahdi Al-Mahdi Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Mahdi , was the third Abbasid Caliph. He succeeded his father, al-Mansur.Al-Mahdi, whose name means "Rightly-guided" or "Redeemer", was proclaimed caliph when his father was on his deathbed....  of the Abbassids, the Byzantine army raided into Syria and the Abbassid one into Anatolia. He was preparing a campaign against Kardam of Bulgaria Kardam of Bulgaria Kardam was the ruler of Bulgaria 777–after 796/before 803.The name of Kardam is first encountered in the Byzantine sources in 791, when Emperor Constantine VI embarked on an expedition against Bulgaria, in retaliation for Bulgarian incursions in the Struma valley since 789....  at the time of his death.
	Constantine VI Constantine VI Constantine VI was Byzantine Emperor from 780 to 797.Constantine VI was the only child of Emperor Leo IV the Khazar and Irene . Constantine was crowned co-emperor by his father in 776, and succeeded as sole emperor at the age of nine under the regency of Irene in 780....	Son of Leo IV and Irene	771	Co-ruler in 776, sole emperor in 780	August, 797	c. 797, though sources are contradictory on the subject	He was underage when rising to the throne, his mother becoming his Regent. In 782, betrothed to Rotrude Rotrude Rotrude was the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard, wife of Charlemagne.... , a daughter of Charlemagne Charlemagne Charlemagne was List of Frankish kings from 768 to his death. He expanded the Franks kingdoms into a Carolingian Empire that incorporated much of Western Europe and Central Europe.... . Engagement broken in 788. Signed the decrees of the Second Council of Nicaea Second Council of Nicaea The Second Council of Nicaea was the seventh ecumenical council of Christianity , and the last to be accepted by both Eastern and Western churches....  which restored the veneration of icons. Decision considered to reflect the religious views of his mother but not his own. Came to actual power in 790 but managed to alienate both the Orthodox (Iconodule) and the Iconoclast faction by the end of his reign. His divorce from his first wife Maria of Amnia Maria of Amnia Maria of Amnia was the first Empress consort of Constantine VI of the Byzantine Empire....  and re-marriage to his mistress Theodote Theodote Theodote was the second Empress consort of Constantine VI of the Byzantine Empire....  caused the so-called "Moechian controversy" (from the Greek Greek language Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....  moichos, "adulterer"), seen as legalization of adultery by circles of the Church. Deposed by his mother and blinded. Accounts in primary sources differ on how long he survived his deposition, ranging from a mere ten days to a full decade.
	Irene of Athens	Wife of Leo IV, mother of Constantine VI	c. 752	August, 797	31 October, 802 802 Events...	9 August, 803 803 Events...	A member of the Sarantapechos from Athens Athens Athens , the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the List of cities by time of continuous habitation, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years.... . Wife of Leo IV. Regent from 780 to 790, retained part of her influence. Responsible for the Second Council of Nicaea and its decisions. Deposed and succeeded her son in 797. A fervent Iconodule. Charlemagne Charlemagne Charlemagne was List of Frankish kings from 768 to his death. He expanded the Franks kingdoms into a Carolingian Empire that incorporated much of Western Europe and Central Europe....  crowned Roman Emperor Roman Emperor The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin language titles such as imperator , Augustus , Caesar and princeps were all associated with it....  in oppossition to her in 800. Deposed by a patrician conspiracy in 802. Exiled to Lesbos Lesbos Island Lesbos is a Greece List of islands of Greece located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of 1632 Square kilometre with 320 kilometres of coastline, making it the third largest Greek island and the largest of the numerous Greek islands scattered in the Aegean.... , where she died the following year.

Nikephoros' dynasty (802-813)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Nikephoros I Nikephoros I Nikephoros I or Nicephorus I, Logothetes or Genikos , was Byzantine emperor from 802 to 811, when he was killed in the disastrous Battle of Pliska....	logothetes tou genikou Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy The Byzantine Empire had a complex system of aristocracy and bureaucracy, which was inherited from the Roman Empire. At the apex of the pyramid stood the Byzantine emperor, sole ruler and divinely ordained, but beneath him a multitude of officials and court functionaries operated the administrative machinery of the Byzantine state....  (finance minister)	Unknown	31 October, 802 802 Events...	26 July, 811 811 Events...	26 July, 811 811 Events...	Deposed Irene through a conspiracy of patricians and palace eunuchs. Created new themes in the Balkans, resettled Anatolian populations in them. Signed the Pax Nicephori Pax Nicephori The Pax Nicephori was an 803 peace treaty concluded between the two emperors of Europe, Charlemagne in the West, and Nicephorus I in the East. Though Nicephorus refused to recognise Charlemagne's imperial title, the empires made agreement over the possession of disputed Italian territory, namely, the province of Venetia ....  with Charlemagne Charlemagne Charlemagne was List of Frankish kings from 768 to his death. He expanded the Franks kingdoms into a Carolingian Empire that incorporated much of Western Europe and Central Europe....  but there were still conflicts over possession of Venetia. Initially refused to pay tribute to Harun al-Rashid Harun al-Rashid Harun al-Rashid ; also spelled Harun ar-Rashid; , Aaron the Just, or Aaron the Rightly-Guided; March 17, 763 – March 24, 809) was the fifth and most famous Abbasid Caliphate Caliph....  as Irene had agreed. Forced to increase the tribute after suffering military defeats. Led troops in a war against Krum of Bulgaria Krum of Bulgaria Krum was ruler of Bulgaria, from sometime after 796, but before 803, to 814 AD. During his reign the Bulgarian territory doubled in size, spreading from the middle Danube to the Dnieper and from Odrin to the Tatra Mountains....  but was killed in the Battle of Pliska Battle of Pliska The Battle of Pliska took place on July 26, 811, between the Byzantine Empire and Bulgaria, resulting in one of the worst defeats in Byzantine history.... , along with most of the army following him. His skull was turned into a skull cup Skull cup The use of a defeated enemy's skull as a drinking Drinkware is reported by numerous authors through history among various peoples, especially nomads roaming the steppes of Eurasia....  by Krum.
	Staurakios Staurakios Staurakios or Stauracius , was Byzantine emperor from July 26 to October 2, 811.The son of Emperor Nikephoros I, Staurakios had been crowned as co-emperor by his father in 803....	Son of Nikephoros I	Unknown	Co-ruler in 803, senior ruler in 811	2 October, 811 811 Events...	11 January, 812 812 Events...	Married Theophano Theophano, wife of Staurakios Theophano was the Empress consort of Staurakios of the Byzantine Empire.... , a relative of Irene of Athens. He was present at the Battle of Pliska where a sword-wound near the neck left him paralyzed. He was transferred from the battlefield by members of the imperial guard. He reportedly intended to abdicate the throne in favor of his wife, instead forced to abdicate in favor of his brother-in-law Michael I. Retired to a monastery and died months into his retirement, never recovering from his wounds.
	Michael I Rangabe Michael I Rangabe Michael I Rangabe , was Byzantine Emperor .Michael was the son of the patrician Theophylaktos Rangabe, the admiral of the Aegean Sea fleet. He married Prokopia, the daughter of the future Emperor Nikephoros I, and received the high court dignity of Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy after his father-in-law's accession in 802....	Son-in-law of Nikephoros I, brother-in-law of Staurakios	Unknown	2 October, 811 811 Events...	11 July, 813 813 Events...	11 January, 844 844 Events...	Married Prokopia Prokopia Prokopia was the Empress consort of Michael I Rangabe of the Byzantine Empire.... , a daughter of Nikephoros I. Kouropalates (master of the palace) prior to his elevation to the throne. A fervent iconodule, persecuted iconoclasts and was patron to Theodore the Studite Theodore the Studite Theodore the Studite, also called St Theodore of Stoudios or St Theodore of Studium , was a Byzantine Empire monasticism and abbot of the Stoudios monastery in Constantinople.... . Recognized Charlemagne as basileus Basileus Basileus , signifies "Monarch" or "king". It is perhaps best known in English language as a title used by Byzantine Empire emperors, but also has a longer history of use for persons of authority in ancient Greece, as well as for the kings of modern Greece.... , though not a Roman one. In exchange established control over Venice Venice Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....  with no oppossition from the Franks, ending the territorial dispute for the time. Suffered further losses in war against Krum. Abdicated in favor of Leo V, spend the rest of his life in a monastery. His sons were castrated but one of them emerged from monastic life as Patriarch Ignatios of Constantinople.

Non-dynastic (813-820)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Leo V the Armenian Leo V the Armenian Leo V the Armenian , , was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 813 to 820....	Strategos of the Anatolic theme	c. 775	11 July, 813 813 Events...	25 December, 820 820 Events...	25 December, 820 820 Events...	Had contacted himself well in wars against the Abbassids, but fled from the Battle of Versinikia Battle of Versinikia The Battle of Versinikia was fought in 813 between the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire, near the city of Adrianople in contemporary Turkey....  against Krum of Bulgaria Krum of Bulgaria Krum was ruler of Bulgaria, from sometime after 796, but before 803, to 814 AD. During his reign the Bulgarian territory doubled in size, spreading from the middle Danube to the Dnieper and from Odrin to the Tatra Mountains.... . Michael I abdicated in his favor. The war against Krum continued with the Bulgarians capturing both Adrianople and Arkadioupolis (Lüleburgaz Lüleburgaz L?leburgaz is a town and district of Kirklareli Province in the Marmara Region, Turkey region of Turkey.... ). In 814, Krum died and his successor Omurtag of Bulgaria Omurtag of Bulgaria Omurtag or Omortag was a Great Khan of Bulgaria from 815 to 831. He is known as "the Builder".In the very beginning of his reign he signed a 30-year peace treaty with the Byzantines which remained in force to the end of his life....  was defeated by Leo V. The two states initiated a peace treaty which lasted for decades. Reinstated the Iconoclast faction to power, fourth of the Iconoclast Emperors. Assassinated in the Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia is a former Patriarchate basilica, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture....  on Christmas, 820. He had entered the church unarmed and was unable to resist a group of dagger-wielding conspirators. His sons were castrated. Nicholas Adontz Nicholas Adontz Nicholas Adontz was a prominent Armenians historian, specialist of Byzantine studies and Armenian studies, philologist....  theorised that Leo V might be the same person as Leo, a great-grandfather of Basil I.

Phrygian dynasty (820-867)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Michael II Michael II Michael II the Amorian , also called Traulos or Psellos , meaning "the Stammerer", reigned as Byzantine emperor from 820 to his death....  the Stammerer or the Amorian (???a?? ?' ? ??a???? ? ?e????)	Strategos, son-in-law of Constantine VI	770 770 EventsBy PlaceAsia*Emperor Konin ascends to the throne of Japan, succeeding Empress Koken.Europe*Hedeby is founded....	25 December 820 820 Events...	2 October 829 829 Events...		Fifth of the Iconoclast Emperors. Married Euphrosyne Euphrosyne (9th century) Euphrosyne , a daughter of Byzantine emperor Constantine VI, the last representative of the Isaurian dynasty, and Maria of Amnia.... , a daughter of Constantine VI.
	Theophilus Theophilos (emperor) Theophilos or Theophilus or Theophilou , was Byzantine emperor from 829 to 842. He was the second emperor of the Phrygian dynasty....  (Te?f????)	son of Michael II	813 813 Events...	2 October 829 829 Events...	20 January 842 842 Events...		Sixth and last of the Iconoclast Emperors.
	Theodora Theodora (9th century) Theodora was the wife of the Byzantine emperor Theophilus ....  (Te?d??a)	wife of Theophilus	c. 815 815 * For the area code, see Area code 815.* For the fictional airline flight, see Oceanic Flight 815.* For the Episcopal Church Center see Episcopal Church in the United States of America...	842 842 Events...	855 855 Events...	867 867 Events...	Reestablished the veneration of the icons. Deposed and entered monastery; canonized by the Orthodox Eastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian communion in the world with an estimated 225 million members worldwide. It is considered by its adherents to be the Four Marks of the Church established by Jesus Christ and his Apostles nearly 2000 years ago....  church
	Michael III Michael III Michael III the Drunkard , , Byzantine Emperor from 842 to 867. Michael III was the third and traditionally last member of the Phrygian Dynasty....  the Drunkard (???a?? G' ? ????s??)	son of Theophilos	19 January 840 840 Events...	842 842 Events...	23 September 867 867 Events...		assassinated

Macedonian dynasty (867-1056)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Basil I the Macedonian Basil I Basil I, called the Macedonian was a Byzantine Empire. He was perceived by Byzantines as one of their greatest emperors, the founder of one the most splendid imperial dynasties of Byzantium, the Macedonian dynasty , and the initiator of a Macedonian Renaissance of Byzantine art....  (?as??e??? ?')	married Michael III's widow	c. 811 811 Events...	867 867 Events...	2 August 886 886 Events...		died in hunting accident
	Leo VI the Wise Leo VI the Wise Leo VI "the Wise" or "the Philosopher" , was Byzantine emperor from 886 to 912 during one of the most brilliant periods of the state's history...  (???? S?' ? S?f??)	likely either son of Basil I or Michael III	19 September 866 866 Events...	886 886 Events...	11 May 912 912 : For the automobile, see Porsche 912....
	Alexander (????a?d??? G' t?? ???a?t???)	son of Basil I; regent for nephew	870 870 Events...	912 912 : For the automobile, see Porsche 912....	913 913 Events...
	Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos Constantine VII Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, "the Purple-born" , was the son of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI the Wise and his fourth wife Zoe Karbonopsina....  (???sta?t???? ?' ? ???f????????t??)	son of Leo VI	9 September 905 905 Events...	15 May 908 908 Events...	9 November 959 959 This article is about the year 959. For the automobile, see Porsche 959....
	Romanos I Lekapenos (??µa??? ?' ? ?e?ap????)	father-in-law of Constantine VII	c. 870 870 Events...	17 December 920 920 920 AD was a year in the 10th century....	16 December 944 944 This article is about the year 944. For the Porsche sports car, see Porsche 944....	15 June 948 948 Events...	deposed by his sons; entered monastery
	Romanos II Porphyrogennetos (??µa??? ?' ? ???f????????t??)	son of Constantine VII	15 March 938 938 Events...	November 959 959 This article is about the year 959. For the automobile, see Porsche 959....	15 March 963 963 Events...
	Nikephoros II Phokas (????f???? ?' F????)	married Theophano, Romanos II's widow, regent for Basil II	c. 912 912 : For the automobile, see Porsche 912....	16 August 963 963 Events...	969 969 969 was a year in the 10th century....		Strategos; assassinated
	John I Tzimiskes (??????? ?' ???????a? ? ?s?µ?s???)	brother-in-law of Romanus II	c. 925 925 Events...	11 December 969 969 969 was a year in the 10th century....	10 January 976 976 For the 976 telephone prefix, see Premium-rate telephone number...		lover of Nicephorus's wife but banned from marriage; regent for Basil
	Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer Basil II Basil II, surnamed the Bulgar-slayer , also known as Basil the Porphyrogenitus and Basil the Young to distinguish him from Basil I the Macedonian, was a Byzantine emperor from the Macedonian dynasty who reigned from January 10 976 to December 15, 1025....  (?as??e??? ?' ? ?????a???t????)	son of Romanos II	958 958 Events...	10 January 976 976 For the 976 telephone prefix, see Premium-rate telephone number...	15 December 1025
	Constantine VIII Constantine VIII Constantine VIII , was Byzantine emperor from December 15, 1025, until his death. He was the son of the Emperor Romanos II and Theophano , and the younger brother of the eminent Basil II, who died childless and thus left the rule of the Byzantine Empire in his hands....  (???sta?t???? ?')	son of Romanos II	960 960 Events...	15 December 1025	15 November 1028		coemperor with Basil II
	Zoe Zoe (empress) Zoe , was Empress of the Byzantine Empire with co-rulers November 15, 1028–1050, and senior reigning Empress from April 19 to June 11, 1042....  (???)	daughter of Constantine VIII	c. 978 978 Events...	15 November 1028	June 1050
	Romanos III Argyros (??µa??? G' ? ???????)	Zoe's first husband	968 968 968 was a year in the 10th century....	15 November 1028	11 April 1034		eparch of Constantinople; murdered
	Michael IV the Paphlagonian Michael IV the Paphlagonian Michael IV the Paphlagonian , , was Byzantine emperor from April 11, 1034 to December 10, 1041. He owed his elevation to Empress Zoe of Byzantium, daughter of Emperor Constantine VIII and wife of Romanos III Argyros....  (???a?? ?' ? ?af?a???)	Zoe's second husband	1010	11 April 1034	10 December 1041
	Michael V Michael V Michael V "the Caulker" or Kalaphates , , was Byzantine emperor for 4 months in 1041–1042, as the nephew and successor of Michael IV the Paphlagonian and the adoptive son of his wife, the Zoe ....  the Caulker (???a?? ?' ? ?a?af?t??)	Michael IV's nephew	1015	10 December 1041	20 April 1042	24 August 1042	deposed, blinded, and castrated
	Theodora Theodora (11th century) Theodora was a Byzantine emperor. She was co-empress from 1042 and from January 11, 1055 to after August 31, 1056 actively ruled the Eastern Roman Empire or, the Roman Empire of the Middle Ages that often is described as the Byzantine Empire....  (Te?d??a)	daughter of Constantine VIII	984 984 Events...	20 April 1042	1042	after 31 August 1056	deposed
	Constantine IX Monomachos (???sta?t???? T' ? ????µ????)	Zoe's third husband	c. 1000	11 June 1042	11 January 1055
	Theodora Theodora (11th century) Theodora was a Byzantine emperor. She was co-empress from 1042 and from January 11, 1055 to after August 31, 1056 actively ruled the Eastern Roman Empire or, the Roman Empire of the Middle Ages that often is described as the Byzantine Empire....  (Te?d??a)	daughter of Constantine VIII	984 984 Events...	11 January 1055	after 31 August 1056		restored

Non-dynastic (1056-1057)

Komnenid dynasty (1057-1059)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Isaac I Komnenos Isaac I Komnenos Isaac I Komnenos or Comnenus , c. 1005–1061, was Byzantine Emperor from 1057 to 1059, and the first reigning member of the Komnenos dynasty....	commander of the field army in Anatolia	c. 1005	5 June, 1057 as rival emperor, sole emperor since 31 August, 1057	22 November, 1059	c. 1061	He was a member of the Komnenos Komnenos The Komnenos or Comnenus was a romioi noble family and an important ruling Dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, as they are widely considered to have reversed the decline of the Byzantine Empire for over a century, from c.1081 to c.1185....  family who had risen to prominence in the reign of Basil II. He conducted a civil war against Michael VI, supported by fellow members of the military aristocracy. He managed to force his opponent to abdicate by the end of the summer. He rewarded his noble partisans with appointments which granted them authority but kept them at a distance from Constantinople. Attempted to repair the depleted finances of the empire by revoking numerous pensions and grants conferred by his predecessors and appropriating revenues from the wealthy monasteries. His only campaign was a defensive expedition against Andrew I of Hungary Andrew I of Hungary Andrew I the White or the Catholic , King of Hungary . He descended from a younger branch of the ?rp?d dynasty. After spending fifteen years in exile, he ascended the throne during an extensive revolt of the pagan Hungarian people....  which threatened the northern borders of the empire. The campaign was successful and led to a peace treaty with the Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary , which existed from 1000 to 1918, and then from 1920 to 1946, was a considerable state in Central Europe.... . He abdicated while convinced he was suffering from a fatal disease. Actually recovered shortly after his abdication. Spent the remainder of his life as a monk and scholar in the Monastery of Stoudios.

Doukid dynasty (1059-1081)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Constantine X Constantine X Constantine X Doukas or Ducas , was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1059 to 1067....  Doukas (???sta?t???? ?' ? ????a?)		1006	24 November 1059	22 May 1067		selected by Michael Psellus
	Michael VII Michael VII Michael VII Doukas or Ducas , nicknamed Parapinakes, Byzantine emperor from 1071 to 1078....  Doukas Quarter-short (???a?? ?' ????a? ?a?ap??????)	son of Constantine X	1050	22 May 1067	24 March 1078	1090	originally coemperor with two brothers and Romanus; deposed & entered monastery
	Romanos IV Romanos IV Romanos IV Diogenes or Romanus IV Diogenes was List of Byzantine Emperors from 1068 to 1071....  Diogenes (??µa??? ?' ????????)	married Eudokia Makrembolitissa Eudokia Makrembolitissa Eudokia Makrembolitissa or Eudocia Macrembolitissa , , was the second wife of the Byzantine Empire emperor Constantine X. After his death she became the wife of Romanus IV.... , Constantine X's widow	1032	1067	1071	1072	coemperor, deposed & mutilated to death
	Nikephoros III Nikephoros III Nikephoros III Botaneiates or Nicephorus III Botaniates , Byzantine Empire List of Byzantine Emperors from 1078 to 1081, belonged to a family which claimed descent from the Roman Republic Fabii and the Byzantine Phokas family....  Botaneiates (????f???? G' ??ta?e??t??)	Strategos claiming descent from the Fabii	1001	31 March 1078	10 December 1081		bigamously married Maria of Alania, Michael VII's wife; deposed & forced into monastery

Komnenid dynasty

Komnenos

The Komnenos or Comnenus was a romioi noble family and an important ruling Dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, as they are widely considered to have reversed the decline of the Byzantine Empire for over a century, from c.1081 to c.1185....
 (1081-1185)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Alexios I Komnenos Alexios I Komnenos Alexios I Komnenos, or Comnenus , Byzantine Empire List of Byzantine Emperors , was the son of Ioannis Komnenos and Anna Dalassena, and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos ....   (??????? ?' ??µ?????)	Nephew of Isaac I, military commander	1048	4 April 1081	15 August 1118		married Constantine X's grandniece
	John II Komnenos John II Komnenos John II Komnenos or Comnenus was Byzantine emperor from 1118 to 1143. Also known as Kalo?oannes , he was the eldest son of emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Doukaina....  (??????? ?' ??µ????? o ?a???)	son of Alexios I	13 September 1087	1118	8 April 1143		died of a hunting accident
	Manuel I Komnenos Manuel I Komnenos Manuel I Komnenos, or Comnenus was a List of Byzantine Emperors of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantine Empire and the History of the Mediterranean region....  (?a????? ?' ??µ????? ? ???a?)	son of John II	28 November 1118	1143	24 September 1180
	Alexios II Komnenos Alexios II Komnenos Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus , Byzantine emperor , was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria of Antioch, daughter of Raymond of Antioch, Principality of Antioch....  (??????? B' ??µ?????)	son of Manuel I	14 September 1169	1180	October 1183		murdered with garrotte
	Andronikos I Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos or Andronicus I Comnenus was a Byzantine Emperors , son of prince Isaac Komnenos . His paternal grandparents were Emperor Alexius I Comnenus and Irene Ducaena....  (??d??????? ?' ??µ?????)	nephew of John II	c. 1118	1183	2 September 1185		deposed, tortured, and executed

Angelid dynasty (1185-1204)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Isaac II Angelos Isaac II Angelos Isaac II Angelos or Angelus was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204.His father Andronikos Dukas Angelos, a military leader in Asia Minor , married bef....   (?sa????? ?' ???e???)	great-grandson of Alexios I	September 1156	1185	1195	January 1205	deposed and blinded
	Alexios III Angelos Alexios III Angelos Alexios III Angelos was Byzantine Emperors from 1195 to 1203....   (??????? G' ???e???)	brother of Isaac II	1153	1195	1203	1211	deposed by the Fourth Crusade Fourth Crusade The Fourth Crusade was originally designed to conquer Islam Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and conquered the Christianity city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire....  and eventually forced into monastery
	Isaac II Angelos Isaac II Angelos Isaac II Angelos or Angelus was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204.His father Andronikos Dukas Angelos, a military leader in Asia Minor , married bef....   (?sa????? ?' ???e???)	great-grandson of Alexios I	September 1156	1203	1204	January 1205	restored after Alexios III had fled as coemperor with Alexius IV, deposed by Alexios V
	Alexios IV Angelos Alexios IV Angelos Alexios IV Angelos or Alexius IV Angelus was Byzantine Emperor from August 1203 to January 1204. He was the son of emperor Isaac II Angelus and his first wife Irene....   (??????? ?' ???e???)	son of Isaac II	1182	1203	1204		deposed and killed by Alexios V
	Nikolaos Kanabos Nicolas Canabus Nikolaos Kanabos or Nicolas Canabus was elected Emperor of Byzantium on 25 or 27 January 1204 by an assembly of the Byzantine Senate, priests, and the mob of Constantinople in opposition against co-emperors Isaac II Angelus and Alexius IV Angelus....			25 January 1204	5 February 1205		refused to accept the election, strangled by Alexius V
	Alexios V Doukas Alexios V File:Alexius V.JPGAlexios V Doukas Mourtzouphlos was Byzantine emperor during the siege of Constantinople by the participants of the Fourth Crusade....  (??????? ?' ????a?)	son-in-law of Alexios III	1140	5 February 1204	12 April 1204	December 1205

Laskarid dynasty (Empire of Nicaea, 1204-1261)

Palaiologan Dynasty (restored to Constantinople, 1259-1453)

Picture	Name	Status	Birth	Emperor from	Emperor until	Death	Notes
	Michael VIII Palaiologos Michael VIII Palaiologos Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus reigned as Byzantine emperor 1259–1282. Michael VIII was the founder of the Palaeologos dynasty that would rule the Byzantine Empire until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453....	Great-grandson of Alexios III, grandnephew of John III by marriage	1223	1 January, 1259 as co-emperor, senior emperor since 25 December, 1261	11 December, 1282	11 December, 1282	He married Theodora Doukaina Vatatzina Theodora Doukaina Vatatzina Theodora Doukaina Vatatzaina was the Empress consort of Michael VIII Palaiologos.... , a grandniece of John III. In 1256, Michael was accused of consprining with representatives of Kaykaus II Kaykaus II Kaykaus II or Kayka'us II was the eldest of three sons of Kaykhusraw II. He was a youth at the time of his father?s death in 1246 and could do little to prevent the Ilkhanate subjugation of Anatolia.... , Sultan of Rûm. He went into exile or self-exile to the court of Kaykaus in Iconium Konya Konya is a city in Turkey, on the central plateau of Anatolia. It has a population of 1,412,343 .... . He was recalled in 1258 and appointed Megas Kontostaulos, chief of the Frankish Franks The Franks or Frankish people were a West Germanic ethnic group first identified in the 3rd century as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River....  mercenaries Mercenary A mercenary is a person who takes part in an armed conflict, who is not a national or a party to the conflict, and is "motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or p... . He used his position to assassinate George Mouzalon, Regent for John IV, and claim the regency for himself. He served two years as co-emperor prior to Alexios Strategopoulos Alexios Strategopoulos Alexios Strategopoulos was a Byzantine Empire general during the reign of Michael VIII Palaiologos, rising to the rank of megas domestikos and Caesar ....  capturing Constanntinople in his name. Michael transferred his capital to the captured city and shortly after deposed his co-emperor. In 1259, Michael defeated an alliance comprised of William II Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea Principality of Achaea The Principality of Achaea or of the Morea was one of the three vassal states of the Latin Empire which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade.... , and Michael II Komnenos Doukas Michael II Komnenos Doukas Michael II Komnenos Doukas or Comnenus Ducas , often called Michael Angelos in narrative sources, was the ruler of Despotate of Epirus from 1230 until his death in 1266/68....  of Epirus Despotate of Epirus The Despotate or Principality of Epirus was one of the Byzantine Greeks successor states of the Byzantine Empire that emerged in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204....  at the Battle of Pelagonia Battle of Pelagonia The Battle of Pelagonia took place in September of 1259, between the Empire of Nicaea and the Despotate of Epirus, Kingdom of Sicily and the Principality of Achaea.... . In subsequent peace treaties, Michael VIII gained control of Mystras Mystras Mystras was a fortified town in Morea , on Mt. Taygetos, near ancient Sparta. It lies approximately eight kilometres west of the modern town of Sparti .... , Monemvasia Monemvasia Monemvassia , and known by the Franks as Malvasia , is a well-known medieval fortress with an adjacent town, located on a small peninsula off the east coast of the Peloponnese in the Greece Prefectures of Greece of Laconia....  and Maina in the Morea Morea Morea was the name of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. It also referred to a Byzantine province in the region, known as the Despotate of Morea.... . Attempted to unify the Orthodox and Catholic Churches at the Second Council of Lyons in 1274. Secretly incited the rebellion known as the Sicilian Vespers Sicilian Vespers The Sicilian Vespers is the name given to a rebellion in Sicily in 1282 against the rule of the Angevin king Charles I of Naples, who had taken control of the island with Papacy support in 1266....  against his enemy Charles I of Sicily, resulting in the split of the Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Sicily The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. The Kingdom of Sicily covered not only the island of Sicily itself, but also the whole Mezzogiorno region of southern Italy and, until 1530, the islands of Malta and Gozo.... . Michael VIII was forced to drain the treasury to pay the enormous bribe of gold pieces to Peter III of Aragon Peter III of Aragon Peter the Great was the King of Aragon of Kingdom of Valencia and of Majorca , and Sovereign Count of Barcelona from 1276 to his death. He conquered Kingdom of Sicily and became King of Sicily in 1282....  in order for the other ruler to invade Sicily. Died excommunicated from both Churches.
	Andronikos II Palaiologos Andronikos II Palaiologos Andronikos II Palaiologos or Andronicus II Palaeologus , reigned as Byzantine emperor 1282–1328. Andronikos II Palaiologos was the eldest surviving son of Michael VIII Palaiologos and Theodora Doukaina Vatatzina, grandniece of John III Doukas Vatatzes....	Son of Michael VIII	25 March, 1259	nominal co-emperor in September, 1261, crowned in 1272. Senior emperor on 11 December, 1282	24 May, 1328	13 February, 1332	Son of Michael VIII and Theodora Doukaina Vatatzina. Repudiated his father's unpopular Church union with the Papacy (which he had been forced to support while his father was still alive), but was unable to resolve the related schism within the Orthodox clergy until 1310. Plagued by economic difficulties, the state treasury accumulated more than seven times less revenue (in nominal coins) than it had done previously. His economic measures included the dismantling of the Byzantine navy Byzantine navy The Byzantine navy comprised the navy of the Byzantine Empire. Like the empire it served, it developed directly from its earlier Roman Navy, but in comparison with its precursor played a far greater role in the defense and survival of the state.... , never to be restored to its former strenghth of numbers. The empire grew increasingly depended on the rival republics of Venice Republic of Venice The Most Serene Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice . It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century AD until the year 1797....  and Genoa Republic of Genoa The Most Serene Republic of Genoa was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italy coast from the 11th century to 1797, when it was invaded by armies of First French Republic under Napoleon I of France....  for naval support. The empire suffered from Turkish advances in Asia Minor throughout the reign, losing Prusa Bursa, Turkey Bursa is a List of cities in Turkey in northwestern Turkey and the seat of Bursa Province. With a population of 2,562,828 , it is Turkey's list of cities in Turkey, as well as one of the most industrialized and culturally charged metropolitan centers in the country....  and much of Bithynia by 1326 to the rising Ottoman Dynasty Ottoman Dynasty File:Barber cape.jpgThe Ottoman Dynasty ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I , though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan.... . His second wife Eirene of Montferrat Eirene of Montferrat Yolande of Montferrat was the second Empress-Consort of Andronikos II Palaiologos, the ruler of Constantinople and the entire Byzantine Empire, and heiress of the Margraviate of Montferrat....  effectively established her own court in Thessalonica Thessaloniki Thessaloniki , Thessalonica, or Salonica is the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country in Greece and the capital of Macedonia , the nation's largest Regions of Greece....  from 1303 to 1317. Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria Theodore Svetoslav ruled as emperor of Bulgaria from 1300 to 1322. The date of his birth is unknown. He was a wise and capable ruler who brought stability and relative prosperity to the Second Bulgarian Empire after two decades of constant Mongol intervention in the internal issues of the Empire....  conquered much of northeastern Thrace in c. 1305-1307. Andronikos II was involved in a civil war against his grandson Andronikos III from 1320 to 1328. He lost the conflict and spend the last years of his life as a monk.
	Michael IX Palaiologos Michael IX Palaiologos Michael IX Palaiologos or Palaeologus , , reigned as Byzantine co-emperor with full imperial style 1294/1295–1320. Michael IX was the eldest son of Andronikos II Palaiologos and Anna of Hungary, a daughter of King Stephen V of Hungary....	Son of Andronikos II	17 April, 1277	co-emperor in 1281, crowned in 1294/1295.	12 October, 1320	12 October, 1320	Son of Andronikos II and his first wife Anna of Hungary Anna of Hungary Anna of Hungary was a daughter of Stephen V of Hungary and Elizabeth the Cuman, who was daughter of Kuthen, a chief of the Cuman tribe. Her mother had been a Paganism before her marriage.... . From 1300 to 1307, Michael led failed campaigns against the Turks, the Catalan Company Catalan Company The Catalan Company of the East , officially the Company of the Army of the Franks#Crusaders and other Western Europeans as "Franks" in Byzantine empire, sometimes called the Grand Company and widely known as the Catalan Company, was a free company of mercenary founded by Roger de Flor in the early 14th-century....  of mercenaries (who had rebelled against their former employers) and Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria. He took over the court of Thessalonica in 1317. His health was seriously affected by the news that Andronikos III (his eldest son) had killed Manuel Palaiologos (his second son) over a conflict about a mistress. He died soon after the news reached him.
	Andronikos III Palaiologos Andronikos III Palaiologos Andronikos III Palaiologos or Andronicus III Palaeologus reigned as Byzantine emperor 1328?1341, after being rival emperor since 1321. Andronikos III was the son of Michael IX Palaiologos and Princess Rita of Armenia ....	Son of Michael IX	25 March, 1297	co-emperor in 1316, rival emperor since July, 1321. Senior emperor on 24 May, 1328.	15 June, 1341	15 June, 1341	He set himself as rival emperor to his grandfather since 1321, reigning from Adrianople Edirne Edirne is a city in Thrace, the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. It is the capital of Edirne Province and its estimated population in 2002 was 128,400, up from 119,298 in 2000.... . He won the civil war between them and settled himself in Constantinople. Effective administrative authority during the reign of Andronikos III was wielded by his megas domestikos John Kantakouzenos, while the emperor enjoyed himself hunting or waging war. Andronikos managed the annexation of Phocaea Phocaea Phocaea, or Phokaia, was an ancient Ionian Ancient Greece city on the western coast of Anatolia. Colonies in antiquity from Phocaea founded the colony of Massalia in 600 BC, Emporion in 575 BC and Velia in 540 BC....  and the islands of Lesbos Lesbos Island Lesbos is a Greece List of islands of Greece located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of 1632 Square kilometre with 320 kilometres of coastline, making it the third largest Greek island and the largest of the numerous Greek islands scattered in the Aegean....  and Chios Chios Chios is the fifth largest of the Greece list of islands of Greece, situated in the Aegean Sea seven kilometres off the Turkey coast. The island is noted for its strong merchant shipping community, its unique mastic gum and its medieval villages....  to the empire. However, Orhan I Orhan I Orhan I , was the second Bey, or chief, of the nascent Ottoman Empire from 1326 to 1359. He was the son of Osman I, and his mother was Kamariya Sultana Mal, daughter of Abdulaziz Bey....  of the Ottoman Dynasty defeated Andronikos III at Pelekanos Battle of Pelekanon The Battle of Pelekanon also known by its Latinised form Battle of Pelecanum occurred on June 10-11, 1329 between an expeditionary force by the Byzantines led by Andronicus III and an Ottoman Empire army led by Orhan I....  in 1329, took Nicaea Iznik Iznik is a city in Turkey which is known primarily as the site of the First Council of Nicaea and Second Council of Nicaea Councils of Nicaea, the first and seventh Ecumenical councils in the early history of the Christianity church, the Nicene Creed, and as the capital city of the Empire of Nicaea....  in 1331 and Nicomedia Nicomedia Nicomedia was founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the Gulf of Astacus which opens to the Propontis. In earlier antiquity, the city was called Astacus or Olbia ....  in 1337. After that, only Philadelpheia Alasehir Alasehir is a town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean Region, Turkey region of Turkey. It is situated in the valley of the Kuzu?ay , at the foot of the Bozdag ....  and a handful of ports remained under Byzantine control in Asia Minor. Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia Stefan Uro? IV Du?an , called Silni , was the King of Serbia and Serbian Empire . Under his rule Serbia reached its territory peak and, as the Serbian Empire was one of the larger states in Europe at the time....  expanded into Byzantine territory in Macedonia Macedonia (region) Macedonia is a geographical and Historical regions of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century.... , taking Ohrid Ohrid Ohrid is a city on the eastern shore of Lake Ohrid in the Republic of Macedonia. It has about 42,000 inhabitants, making it the List of cities in the Republic of Macedonia by population in the country.... , Prilep Prilep Prilep is a city of 66,246 citizens in the Republic of Macedonia and the List of cities in the Republic of Macedonia by population in the country.... , Kastoria Kastoria Kastoria is a city in northern Greece in the peripheries of Greece of West Macedonia. It is the capital of Kastoria Prefecture, located at . The town's population is estimated as some 20,660 people .... , Strumica Strumica Strumica is a town situated in the south-east of the Republic of Macedonia . The population is close to 55,000 with an absolute Macedonian majority .... , and Voden Edessa, Greece Edessa is the capital of the Pella Prefecture of Macedonia , Greece. Administratively, it belongs to the Central Macedonia peripheries of Greece and is also the capital of the defunct provinces of Greece of the same name....  in about 1334. On the other hand, Andronikos secured the extension of Byzantine control over Thessaly Thessaly Thessaly is one of the 13 Peripheries of Greece of Greece, and is further sub-divided into 4 Prefectures of Greece. The capital of the periphery and traditional Regions of Greece is Larissa....  in 1333 and Epirus Epirus (region) Epirus is a region in south-eastern Europe, currently divided between the Peripheries of Greece Epirus in Greece and the prefectures of Gjirokast?r, Vlor?, Kor??, and Berat in southern Albania....  in 1337, by taking advantage of succession crises in these principalities.
	John V Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus , was the son of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and Anna of Savoy. His maternal grandparents were Count Amadeus V, Count of Savoy and his second wife Maria of Brabant....	Son of Andronikos III	18 June, 1332	Emperor in 15 June, 1341	8 February, 1347	16 February, 1391	Son of Andronikos III and his second wife Anna of Savoy Anna of Savoy Anna of Savoy, born Giovanna, was the second wife of Andronikos III Palaiologos.... . Underage during his first reign, placed under the regency of Anna. Anna did not trust John Kantakouzenos who had been entrusted with the administration. When Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia launched an invasion in Northern Thrace, Kantakouzenos left Constantinople to try to restore order to the area. In his absence, Patriarch John XIV of Constantinople Patriarch John XIV of Constantinople John XIV was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1334 to 1347....  and courtier Alexios Apokavkos convinced Anna that the senior advisor was her enemy. Anna declared Kantakouzenos an enemy of the state and offered his title of prefect of Constantinople to Apokavkos. Kantakouzenos answered by declaring himself rival emperor, initiating a civil war which would last until 1347. Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria Ivan Alexander , also known as John Alexander, ruled as List of Bulgarian monarchs of Bulgaria from 1331 to 1371, during the Second Bulgarian Empire....  soon allied with the faction under John V and Anna while Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia Stefan Uro? IV Du?an , called Silni , was the King of Serbia and Serbian Empire . Under his rule Serbia reached its territory peak and, as the Serbian Empire was one of the larger states in Europe at the time....  sided with John VI. Both rulers were actually taking advantage of the civil war for their own political and territorial gains. In time John VI would ally himself with Orhan I Orhan I Orhan I , was the second Bey, or chief, of the nascent Ottoman Empire from 1326 to 1359. He was the son of Osman I, and his mother was Kamariya Sultana Mal, daughter of Abdulaziz Bey....  of the nascent Ottoman Sultanate Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923.... . Anna was attempted to gain support from Western Europe Western Europe Western Europe refers to the countries in the western most half of Europe. This concept has had different meanings, political and cultural as well as geographical issues have influenced the area....  and in Summer, 1343 an emissary proclaimed her loyalty to Pope Clement VI Pope Clement VI Pope Clement VI , bornPierre Roger, the fourth of the Avignon Papacy, was pope from May 1342 until his death....  in Avignon Avignon Papacy In the history of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven popes, all List of French popes-speaking, resided in Avignon, :... . In August, 1343, Anna pawned the Byzantine crown jewels to the Republic of Venice Republic of Venice The Most Serene Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice . It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century AD until the year 1797....  for 30,000 ducat Ducat The ducat is a gold coin that was used as a trade currency throughout Europe before World War I. Its weight is 3.4909 grams of .986 gold, which is 0.1107 troy ounce, actual gold weight, actual gold weight.... s as part of an attempt to secure more finances for the war. However, she lost the war, her son demoted to a co-emperor of Kantakouzenos.
	John VI Kantakouzenos John VI Kantakouzenos John VI Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzene , Byzantine emperor from 1347 to 1354, was born at Constantinople....	A maternal relative of the Palaiologoi Palaiologos File:Palaeologoi eagle.jpgThe Palaiologos or Palaeologus was a romioi noble family and the last ruling Dynasty of the Byzantine Empire....	c. 1292	rival emperor on 26 October, 1341, senior emperor on 8 February, 1347.	4 December, 1354	15 June, 1383	He was a descendant of the Palaiologoi through his mother and the most trusted advisor of Andronikos III. He was in conflict with regent Anna of Savoy. He proclaimed himself rival emperor, ruling from Didymoteicho Didymoteicho Didymoteicho , is a town located in the eastern part of the prefecture of Evros Prefecture, Greece. It is the seat of the Communities and Municipalities of Greece and the province of the same name.... . He won the civil war, becoming senior emperor with John V as his co-emperor. He married his daughter Helena Kantakouzene Helena Kantakouzene Helena Kantakouzene was the Empress consort of John V Palaiologos.FamilyShe was a daughter of John VI Kantakouzenos and Irene Asanina....  to John V. His hazardous alliance with Orhan I allowed the Ottoman Turks to establish their first permanent settlement in Europe, at Gallipoli Gallipoli The Gallipoli peninsula is located in Turkish Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles straits to the east....  in Thrace Thrace Thrace is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. Today the name Thrace designates a region spread over southern Bulgaria , northeastern Greece , and European Turkey .... . He attempted to re-establish the Byzantine navy but two fleets met defeat against the Republic of Genoa Republic of Genoa The Most Serene Republic of Genoa was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italy coast from the 11th century to 1797, when it was invaded by armies of First French Republic under Napoleon I of France....  in 1349 and 1351. Conflict with John V restarted in 1352, with Kantakouzenos loosing the second phase of the war. He spend the rest of his life as a monk and scholar.
	Matthew Kantakouzenos Matthew Kantakouzenos Matthew Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzenus was Byzantine Emperor from 1353 to 1357....	Son of John V, brother-in-law of John V	c. 1325	co-emperor on 15 April, 1353, rival emperor since 4 December, 1354.	December, 1357	between 1383 and 1391	He married Irene Palaiologina Irene Palaiologina Irene Palaiologina was the Empress consort of Matthew Kantakouzenos.... , a granddaughter of Abdronikos II and Eirene of Montferrat Eirene of Montferrat Yolande of Montferrat was the second Empress-Consort of Andronikos II Palaiologos, the ruler of Constantinople and the entire Byzantine Empire, and heiress of the Margraviate of Montferrat.... . He was proclaimed co-emperor with his father as hostilities with John V had started again. Survived the fall of his father, keeping his title and part of Thrace as his own dominion. He and Irene were captured by Serbian forces in February, 1356. They remained in captivity until delivered to John V in December, 1357. Matthew was forced to abdicate. He moved to the Despotate of Morea Despotate of Morea The Despotate of Morea was a province of the Byzantine Empire which existed between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries. Its territory varied in size during its 100 years of existence but eventually grew to take in almost all the southern Greece peninsula, the Peloponnesos, which was called Morea in the medieval period.... , ruled at the time by his brother Manuel Kantakouzenos Manuel Kantakouzenos Manuel Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzenus , . despotes in the Despotate of Morea or the Peloponnese from October 25, 1349 to his death and a contender to the Principality of Achaia.... . He resurfaces as Despot of Morea from 1380 and 1383, before abdicating in favor of his son Demetrios I Kantakouzenos
	John V Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus , was the son of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and Anna of Savoy. His maternal grandparents were Count Amadeus V, Count of Savoy and his second wife Maria of Brabant....	Son of Andronikos III, son-in-law of John VI	18 June, 1332	co-emperor in 1347, rival emperor in 1352. Senior Emperor on 4 December, 1354	12 August, 1376	16 February, 1391	Restored to the position of senior emperor through a civil war with John V and Matthew Kantakouzenos. In 1371 he recognized the suzerainty of the Ottoman sultan Murad I Murad I Murad I was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan of R?m, from 1359 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan I and the Valide Sultan Nil?fer Hatun , daughter of the Prince of Yarhisar or Byzantine Empire Princess Helen , who was of ethnic Greek people descent and became the ruler following his father's death in 1359.... . He was deposed by his son Andronikos IV Palaiologos Andronikos IV Palaiologos Andronikos IV Palaiologos or Andronicus IV Palaeologus , was Byzantine emperor from 1376 to 1379.... .
	Andronikos IV Palaiologos Andronikos IV Palaiologos Andronikos IV Palaiologos or Andronicus IV Palaeologus , was Byzantine emperor from 1376 to 1379....	Son of John V, grandson of John VI	2 April, 1348	co-emperor c. 1352, Senior Emperor on 12 August, 1376	1 July, 1379	28 June, 1385	Son of John V and Helena Kantakouzene Helena Kantakouzene Helena Kantakouzene was the Empress consort of John V Palaiologos.FamilyShe was a daughter of John VI Kantakouzenos and Irene Asanina.... . In 1373, Andronikos IV allied with Savci Bey in a combined revolt against their respective fathers John V and Murad I. Both rebellions failed. Murad I blinded his son and demanded that John V have Andronikos IV blinded as well, but John V blinded only one of his son's eyes. The Republic of Genoa later helped Andronikos escape prison and assume control of Constantinople in a coup d'état Coup d'état A coup d??tat , often simply called a coup, is the sudden unconstitutional overthrow of a government by a part of the state establishment – usually the military – to replace the branch of the stricken government, either with another civil government or with a military government.... . However he was opposed throughout his brief reign by the Republic of Venice Republic of Venice The Most Serene Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice . It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century AD until the year 1797....  and his old eneemy Murad I. He was effectively deposed in 1379, allowed to keep the title of co-emperor and given the city of Selymbria (Silivri Silivri Silivri is a district of Istanbul along the Sea of Marmara in Turkey, used mainly as holiday and weekend homes for residents of the city.The largest town in the district is Silivri itself - see Silivri for the history of this ancient town.... ) as his personal domain.
	John V Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus , was the son of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and Anna of Savoy. His maternal grandparents were Count Amadeus V, Count of Savoy and his second wife Maria of Brabant....	Son of Andronikos III, son-in-law of John VI	18 June, 1332	Senior Emperor on 1 July, 1379	14 April, 1390	16 February, 1391	Restored to the position of senior emperor through the intervention of the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire. Deposed by his grandson John VII Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos or Palaeologus was Byzantine Emperor for five months in 1390.... .
	John VII Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos or Palaeologus was Byzantine Emperor for five months in 1390....	Son of Andronikos IV	1370	Co-emperor from 1376 to 1379, senior emperor on 14 April, 1390.	17 September, 1390	22 September, 1408	Co-emperor with his father in Constantinople from 1376 to 1379, possibly co-emperor in Selymbria from 1379 to 1385. Probably emperor in Selymbria from 1385 to 1390. Deposed his grandfather John V in 1390 but only held the throne for five months. He was restored to his domain of Selymbria through the intervention of Bayezid I Bayezid I Bayezid I was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, then R?m, from 1389 to 1402. He was the son of Murad I who was of Turkish people origin and Valide Sultan Gulcicek Hatun or G?l?i?ek Hatun who was of ethnic Greek people descent.... . Maintained good relations with his uncle Manuel II, entrusted with the regency of Constantinople from 1399 to 1403. He then established his own court in Thessalonica from 1403 to 1408.
	John V Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus , was the son of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and Anna of Savoy. His maternal grandparents were Count Amadeus V, Count of Savoy and his second wife Maria of Brabant....	Son of Andronikos III, son-in-law of John VI	18 June, 1332	Senior Emperor on 17 September, 1390	16 February, 1391	16 February, 1391	Restored to the position of senior emperor through the intervention of his son Manuel II and the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire. Died months later.
	Manuel II Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425....	Son of John V, grandson of John VI, brother of Andronikos IV	27 June, 1350	Co-emperor in 1373, Senior Emperor on 16 February, 1391	21 July, 1425	21 July, 1425	Second son of John V and Helena Kantakouzene. Proclaimed co-emperor after the failed revolt of his brother in 1373. He was supplanted by Andronikos IV in 1376-1379 and John VII in 1390. Instrumental in deposing the latter. Succeeded his father. His reign saw a siege of Constantinople by Bayezid I Bayezid I Bayezid I was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, then R?m, from 1389 to 1402. He was the son of Murad I who was of Turkish people origin and Valide Sultan Gulcicek Hatun or G?l?i?ek Hatun who was of ethnic Greek people descent....  from 1394 to 1402. The siege was only broken when Bayezid had to leave to face an invasion of his own realm by Timur Timur Timur , among his other names, commonly known as Tamerlane in the West, was a 14th century Turko-Mongol conqueror of much of western and Central Asia, and founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, which survived until 1857 as the Mughal Empire of India.... , founder of the Timurid dynasty Timurid Dynasty The Timurids, self-designated Gurkani , were a Persianate society Central Asian Sunni Islam dynasty of originally Turko-Mongol descent whose empire included the whole of Central Asia, Iran, modern Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as large parts of India, Mesopotamia and Caucasus.... . Manuel spend 1399-1303 traveling through Europe, trying to secure assistance against the Ottoman Empire. The defeat of Bayezid in the Battle of Ankara Battle of Ankara The Battle of Ankara or Battle of Angora, fought on July 20, 1402, took place at the field of ?ubuk between the forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I and the Turko-Mongol forces of Timur, ruler of the Timurid Empire....  led to the Ottoman Interregnum Ottoman Interregnum The Ottoman Interregnum was a period in the beginning of the 15th century when chaos reigned in the Ottoman Empire following the defeat of Sultan Bayezid I in 1402 by the Turco-Mongol warlord Tamerlane .... , when several of his sons claimed the throne for themselves. Manuel II Palaiologos used this period of respite to bolster the defences of the Despotate of Morea Despotate of Morea The Despotate of Morea was a province of the Byzantine Empire which existed between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries. Its territory varied in size during its 100 years of existence but eventually grew to take in almost all the southern Greece peninsula, the Peloponnesos, which was called Morea in the medieval period.... , where the Byzantine Empire was actually expanding at the expense of the remnants of the Latin Empire Latin Empire The Latin Empire or Latin Empire of Constantinople is the name given by historians to the Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire after their sack of Constantinople in 1204 and ended in 1261.... . He maintained friendly relations with Mehmed I Mehmed I Mehmed I ?elebi was a Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1413 to 1421.... , victor of the Ottoman civil war. But in 1421, Manuel supported Mustafa Çelebi against Murad II Murad II Murad II Kodja was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1451 .Murad II's reign was marked by the long war he fought against the Christian peoples of the Balkans and the Turkic peoples emirates in Anatolia, a conflict that lasted 25 years.... . His candidate for the Ottoman throne lost and Murad launched a new assault against Constantinople. By 1424, the Byzantines were again paying tribute to the Ottoman court.
	Andronikos V Palaiologos Andronikos V Palaiologos Andronikos V Palaiologos or Andronicus V Palaeologus was co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire with his father John VII Palaiologos....	Son of John VII	c. 1400	co-emperor c. 1403	c. 1407	c. 1407	Co-emperor with his father at the court of Thessalonica. Predeceased his father.
	John VIII Palaiologos John VIII Palaiologos John VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus , was Byzantine Emperor from 1425 to 1448....	Son of Manuel II	18 December, 1392	Co-emperor c. 1416, sole emperor on 21 July, 1425	31 October, 1448	31 October, 1448	Mostly known for the Council of Florence Council of Florence The Council of Florence was an Ecumenical Council of bishops and other ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church. It began in 1431 in Basel, Switzerland, and became known as the Council of Ferrara after its transfer to Ferrara was decreed by Pope Eugene IV to convene in 1438....  which established a short-lived reconciliation and union of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches.
	Constantine XI Constantine XI Constantine XI Palaiologos or Palaeologus was the last reigning Roman Emperor. A member of the Palaiologos, he ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1449 to his death....	Son of Manuel II, brother of John VIII	8 February, 1405	6 January, 1449	29 May, 1453	29 May, 1453	Ruler of the Despotate of Morea Despotate of Morea The Despotate of Morea was a province of the Byzantine Empire which existed between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries. Its territory varied in size during its 100 years of existence but eventually grew to take in almost all the southern Greece peninsula, the Peloponnesos, which was called Morea in the medieval period....  from 1443 to 1449. Succeeded his childless older brother in the throne of Constantinople. He faced conflict with Mehmed II Mehmed II Mehmed II , was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to September 1446, and later from February 1451 to 1481. At the age of 21, he Fall of Constantinople, bringing an end to the medieval Byzantine Empire.... , resulting in the Fall of Constantinople Fall of Constantinople The Fall of Constantinople was a siege in which the Ottoman Empire under the command of Sultan Mehmed II attempted to capture the capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople which was defended by the army of Emperor Constantine XI....  to the latter. Considered to have been killed in battle, corpse not identified.

Palaiologan Dynasty (claimants in exile)

See also

• List of Roman Emperors
  List of Roman Emperors
  
  The title of Roman Emperor, although in some ways a modern concept, effectively summarises the position held by those individuals who wielded power in the Roman Empire....
  
• Byzantine Empire
  Byzantine Empire
  
  Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
  
• Latin Empire
  Latin Empire
  
  The Latin Empire or Latin Empire of Constantinople is the name given by historians to the Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire after their sack of Constantinople in 1204 and ended in 1261....
  
• List of Byzantine Empire-related topics
  List of Byzantine Empire-related topics
  
  This is a list of people, places, things, and concepts related to or originating from the Byzantine Empire. Feel free to add more, and create missing pages....