List of Roman Emperors

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List of Roman Emperors

For a simplified list, see Concise list of Roman Emperors
Concise list of Roman Emperors

This article provides an exhaustive but concise list of those individuals who claimed the title of 'Emperor' between the inception of the imperial period , and the end of the Western Roman Empire in c.480 AD; a nominal end point used to delineate the 'Roman' Roman Empire from the more 'Greek' Byzantine Empire....

For more information, see History of the Roman Empire
History of the Roman Empire

The broader history of the Roman Empire extends through 16 centuries and includes several stages in the evolution of the Roman state. It encompasses the period of the ancient Roman Empire, the period in which it was divided into Western Roman Empire and eastern halves, and the history of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire that continued th...
.

The title of Roman Emperor, although in some ways a modern concept, effectively summarises the position held by those individuals who wielded power in the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
. The Roman Empire developed from the Roman Republic

Roman Republic

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The title of Roman Emperor, although in some ways a modern concept, effectively summarises the position held by those individuals who wielded power in the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

Roman Republic

The Roman Republic was the phase of the Ancient Rome characterized by a republican form of government; a period which began with the overthrow of the Roman Roman Kingdom, c....
after its ascent to the dominant power in Europe, and is characterised by the concentration of power in one individual, rather than the "Senate and People of Rome". However, Augustus, universally accepted to have been the first emperor, was careful to maintain the facade of republic rule, and took no specific title to mark his rule (which began in 27 BC). Instead, he simply concentrated the pre-existing powers of Roman magistrates upon his own person, taking the existing honorific of 'Princeps Senatus

Princeps senatus

The princeps senatus was the first member by precedence of the Roman Senate. Although officially out of the cursus honorum and owning no imperium, this office brought enormous prestige to the senator holding it....
' (the first man of the senate). This style of government, which lasted for nearly 300 years, is thus called the 'Principate

Principate

The Principate is the first period of the Roman Empire, extending from the beginning of the reign of Caesar Augustus to the Crisis of the Third Century, after which it was replaced with the Dominate....
'. The modern word 'emperor' derives from the title 'Imperator

Imperator

The Latin word Imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. It later went on to become a part of the titulature of the Roman Emperors as part of their cognomen....
', which was granted by an army to a successful general; as such, during the initial phase of the Roman Empire, it still had to be earned by the 'Princeps'. The term 'emperor', though modern, is used when describing rulers of the Roman Empire, since it a) emphasises the strong links between the ruler and the army (on whose support the ruler's power depended), and b) does not discriminate between the style of rule in different phases of the Empire.

In the late 3rd century AD, after the Crisis of the Third Century

Crisis of the Third Century

Crisis of the Third Century was the crumbling and near collapse of the Roman Empire between 235 and 284 caused by invasion, civil war, Plague of Cyprian, and economic collapse....
, Diocletian

Diocletian

Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles and commonly known as Diocletian , was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305....
formalised and embellished the recent manner of imperial rule, establishing the so-called 'Dominate

Dominate

The Dominate was the 'despotism' latter phase of government in the ancient Roman Empire from the conclusion of the Crisis of the Third Century of 235?284 until the formal date of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476....
' period of the Roman Empire. This was characterised by the explicit investment of authority in the person of the Emperor, and the use of the style 'Dominus Noster' ('Our Lord'). From Diocletian onwards, there were often multiple simultaneous emperors, dividing the rule of the vast territories between them. After 395 AD, and the death of Theodosius I

Theodosius I

Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great , was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire....
, the Empire became more firmly split into an Western

Western Roman Empire

The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285; the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, today widely known as the Byzantine Empire....
and Eastern halves They were not legally separate however, and the Emperor of the more stable Eastern Empire often imposed his authority over the Western half. The Western Empire was heavily troubled after 395 AD, and collapsed completely after 455 AD, the last Western Emperor abdicating in 476 AD; after which the Eastern Empire maintained claim to the territories in the west. The Eastern Empire would continue until 1453, and the capture of Constantinople

Constantinople

Constantinople was the empire capital of the Roman Empire , the Byzantine Empire , the Latin Empire , and the Ottoman Empire . Strategically located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara at the point where Europe meets Asia, Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christendom empire, successor to ancient ancient Greece...
by the Ottoman Turks

Ottoman Turks

The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. Reliable information about the early history of the Ottomans is scarce....
. The Eastern Emperors, nowadays generally known as the Byzantine Emperors, continued unbroken succession of Roman Emperors. The listing of the earlier Byzantine Emperors in this article ends with Justin II

Justin II

Flavius Iustinus Augustus was Eastern Roman emperor from 565 to 578. He was the nephew of Justinian I, and husband of Sophia , the niece of the late empress Theodora , and therefore member of the Justinian Dynasty....
, last of the Justinian dynasty

Justinian Dynasty

The Justinian Dynasty is a family who ruled over the Byzantine Empire from 518 to 602. It originated with Justin I and ended with Maurice .* Justin I - ...
.

For further Eastern/Byzantine Emperors, see: List of Byzantine Emperors
List of Byzantine Emperors

This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, commonly known as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians. This list does not include numerous co-emperors who never attained sole or senior status as rulers....
.

The emperors listed in this article are those generally agreed to have been 'legitimate' emperors (e.g. not usurpers, etc.). However, since the emperorship was rather vaguely defined legally, which persons were 'legitimate' is not easy to define; many of the 'legitimate' emperors accessed to the position by usurpation, and many 'illegitimate' claimants had a legitimate claim to the position. The following criteria can be used to derive the list:

Any individual who undisputedly ruled the whole Empire, at some point, must, in point of fact, be a 'legitimate emperor'(1).
Any individual who was nominated as heir or co-emperor by a legitimate emperor (1), and who succeeded to rule in their own right, is a legitimate emperor (2).
Where there were multiple claimants, and none were legitimate heirs; the claimant accepted by the Roman Senate
Roman Senate

The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government....
as emperor is the legitimate emperor (3), at least during the Principate
Principate

The Principate is the first period of the Roman Empire, extending from the beginning of the reign of Caesar Augustus to the Crisis of the Third Century, after which it was replaced with the Dominate....
.

So for instance, Aurelian

Aurelian

Lucius Domitius Aurelianus , known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor , was the second of several highly successful "soldier-emperors" who helped the Roman Empire regain its power during the latter part of the third century and the beginning of the fourth....
, though acceding to the throne by usurpation, was the sole and undisputed between 274-275 AD, and thus was a legitimate emperor. Gallienus, though not in control of the whole Empire, and plagued by other claimants, was the legitimate heir of (the legitimate emperor) Valerian

Valerian (emperor)

Publius Licinius Valerianus , commonly known in English language as Valerian or Valerian I, was the Roman Emperor from 253 to 260....
. Claudius Gothicus, though acceding illegally, and not in control of the whole Empire, was the only claimant accepted by the Senate, and thus, for his reign, was the legitimate emperor. Equally, during the Year of the Four Emperors

Year of the Four Emperors

The Year of the Four Emperors was a year in the history of the Roman Empire, AD 69, in which four emperors ruled in a remarkable succession. These four emperors were Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian....
, all claimants, though not undisputed, were at some point accepted by the Senate and are thus included; conversely, during the Year of the Five Emperors

Year of the Five Emperors

The Year of the Five Emperors refers to 193, in which there were five claimants for the title of Roman Emperor.The year 193 opened with the murder of Commodus on New Year's Eve, 31 December 192 and the proclamation of the City Prefect Pertinax as Emperor on New Year's Day, 1 January 193....
neither Pescennius Niger

Pescennius Niger

Gaius Pescennius Niger was a Roman usurper from 193 to 194. Niger was born of an old Italian equestrian family.File:Denarius-Pescennius Niger-RIC 0015var.jpg...
or Clodius Albinus

Clodius Albinus

Decimus Clodius Septimius Al?binus was a Roman usurper proclaimed Roman Emperor by the legions in Roman Britain and Hispania upon the murder of Pertinax....
were accepted by the Senate, and are thus not included. There are a few examples where individuals were made co-emperor, but never wielded power in their own right (typically the child of an emperor); these are legitimate, but are listed together with the 'senior' emperor.

The above formula holds until 395, when the Western and Eastern halves of the Empire split. After that, it continues to hold, with the caveat that a legitimate emperor had undisputed control over one half of the Empire. Towards the end of the Western Empire (after 455), the emperor ceased to be a relevant figure and there was sometimes actually no claimant. For the sake of historical completeness, all Western Emperors after that point are included, even though Romulus Augustus, traditionally the "last Roman Emperor" was technically a usurper.

For a more exhaustive list of all claimants, including usurpers, see Concise list of Roman Emperors

Concise list of Roman Emperors

This article provides an exhaustive but concise list of those individuals who claimed the title of 'Emperor' between the inception of the imperial period , and the end of the Western Roman Empire in c.480 AD; a nominal end point used to delineate the 'Roman' Roman Empire from the more 'Greek' Byzantine Empire....

The Principate

Julio-Claudian dynasty

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Died
Augustus CAESAR DIVI FILIVS AVGVSTVS	23 September 63 BC, Nola Nola Nola is a city of Campania, Italy, in the province of Naples, situated in the plain between Mount Vesuvius and the Apennine Mountains. It is served by the Circumvesuviana railway from Naples.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	16 January 27 BC - 19 August 14 AD	Became de facto emperor as a result of the 'first settlement' between himself and the Roman Senate Roman Senate The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government.... .	19 August AD 14 14 Year 14 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.... Probably old age, possibly assassinated.
Tiberius Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, born Tiberius Claudius Nero , was the second Roman Emperor, from the death of Augustus in AD 14 until his own death in 37.... TIBERIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS	16 November 42 BC, Rome Rome Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....	19 August 14 AD - 16 March 37 AD	Son of Augustus's wife Livia Livia Livia Drusilla, after 14 AD called Julia Augusta was the wife of Augustus and one of the most powerful women in the Roman Empire, being Augustus' faithful advisor.... by a previous marriage; adopted son of Augustus.	16 March 37 AD Probably old age, possibly assassinated
Caligula Caligula Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , more commonly known by his nickname Caligula , was the third Roman Emperor, reigning from 16 March 37 until his assassination on 24 January 41.... GAIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS	31 August 12 AD, Antium Anzio Anzio is a city and comune on the coast of the Lazio region of Italy, about 57 km south of Rome. Well known for its seaside harbor setting, it is a fishing port popular with tourists and a departure point for ferries and hydroplanes to the Pontine Islands of Ponza, Palmarola and Ventotene.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	18 March 37 AD - 24 January 41 AD	Son of Tiberius Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, born Tiberius Claudius Nero , was the second Roman Emperor, from the death of Augustus in AD 14 until his own death in 37.... 's nephew Germanicus Germanicus Germanicus Julius Caesar Claudianus . Born in Lugdunum, Gaul , was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty of the early Roman Empire. At birth he was named either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle and received the agnomen Germanicus, by which he is principally known, in 9 BC, when... .	24 January 41 AD Assassinated in a conspiracy involving senators and Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC.... s.
Claudius Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from January 24, AD 41 to his death in AD 54.... TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS	1 August 10 BC, Lugdunum Lugdunum Colonia Copia Claudia Augusta Lugdunum was an important Ancient Rome city in Gaul. The city was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus. It served as the capital of the Roman province Gallia Lugdunensis.... , Gallia Lugdunensis Gallia Lugdunensis Gallia Lugdunensis was a Roman province of the Roman Empire in what is now the modern country of France, part of the Celtic territory of Gaul....	24 January 41 AD - 13 October 54 AD	Nephew of Tiberius Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, born Tiberius Claudius Nero , was the second Roman Emperor, from the death of Augustus in AD 14 until his own death in 37.... , brother of Germanicus Germanicus Germanicus Julius Caesar Claudianus . Born in Lugdunum, Gaul , was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty of the early Roman Empire. At birth he was named either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle and received the agnomen Germanicus, by which he is principally known, in 9 BC, when... and uncle of Caligula Caligula Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , more commonly known by his nickname Caligula , was the third Roman Emperor, reigning from 16 March 37 until his assassination on 24 January 41.... ; proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC.... .	13 October 54 AD Probably poisoned by his wife Agrippina the Younger Agrippina the Younger Julia Agrippina; known as Agrippina Minor , was a great granddaughter of Emperor Augustus, great niece and adoptive granddaughter of Emperor Tiberius, sister to Emperor Caligula, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero.... , in favour of her son Nero Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and final Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.... .
Nero Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and final Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.... NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS	15 December 37 AD, Antium Anzio Anzio is a city and comune on the coast of the Lazio region of Italy, about 57 km south of Rome. Well known for its seaside harbor setting, it is a fishing port popular with tourists and a departure point for ferries and hydroplanes to the Pontine Islands of Ponza, Palmarola and Ventotene.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	13 October 54 AD - 11 June 68 AD	Grandson of Germanicus Germanicus Germanicus Julius Caesar Claudianus . Born in Lugdunum, Gaul , was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty of the early Roman Empire. At birth he was named either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle and received the agnomen Germanicus, by which he is principally known, in 9 BC, when... , step-, and adopted son of Claudius Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from January 24, AD 41 to his death in AD 54.... .	11 June 68 AD Committed suicide after being declared a public enemy by the Senate.

Year of the Four Emperors & Flavian Dynasty

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Died
Galba Galba Servius Sulpicius Galba , also called Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus, was Roman Emperor from June 8, 68 until his death. He was the first emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors.... SERVIVS GALBA IMPERATOR CAESAR AVGVSTVS	24 December 3 BC, Near Terracina Terracina Terracina is a town and comune of the province of Latina - , Italy, 76 km SE of Rome by rail .... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	8 June 68 AD - 15 January 69 AD	Seized power after Nero Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and final Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.... 's suicide, with support of the Spanish legions	15 January 69 AD Murdered by Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC....
Otho Otho For other uses, see Otho .Marcus Salvius Otho , also called Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus, was Roman Emperors from 15 January to 16 April 69, the second emperor of the Year of the four emperors.... MARCVS OTHO CAESAR AVGVSTVS	25 April 32 AD, Ferentinum, Etruria Etruria Etruria — usually referred to in Greek language and Latin language source texts as Tyrrhenia — was a region of Central Italy, an area that covered part of what now are Tuscany, Latium, Emilia-Romagna and Umbria.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	15 January 69 AD - 16 April 69 AD	Appointed by Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC....	16 April 69 AD Committed suicide after losing Battle of Bedriacum Battle of Bedriacum The Battle of Bedriacum refers to two battles fought during the Year of the four emperors near the village of Bedriacum , about 35 kilometers from the town of Cremona in northern Italy.... to Vitellius Vitellius Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 16 April 69 to 22 December of the same year....
Vitellius Vitellius Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 16 April 69 to 22 December of the same year.... AVLVS VITELLIVS GERMANICVS AVGVSTVS	24 September 15 AD, Rome Rome Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....	17 April 69 AD - 20 December 69 AD	Seized power with support of German Legions (in opposition to Galba Galba Servius Sulpicius Galba , also called Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus, was Roman Emperor from June 8, 68 until his death. He was the first emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors.... /Otho Otho For other uses, see Otho .Marcus Salvius Otho , also called Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus, was Roman Emperors from 15 January to 16 April 69, the second emperor of the Year of the four emperors.... )	20 December 69 AD Murdered by Vespasian Vespasian Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D.... 's troops
Vespasian Vespasian Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D.... TITVS FLAVIVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS	17 November 9 AD, Falacrine Falacrina Falacrinae is a village of Ancient Rome that was the birthplace of the emperor Vespasian.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	1 July 69 AD - 24 June 79 AD	Seized power with the support of the eastern Legions (in opposition to Vitellius Vitellius Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 16 April 69 to 22 December of the same year.... )	24 June 79 AD Natural causes
Titus Titus Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Titus , was a Roman Emperor who briefly reigned from 79 until his death in 81. Titus was the second emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96, encompassing the reigns of Titus's father Vespasian , Titus himself and his younger brother Domitian .... TITVS FLAVIVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS	30 December 39 AD, Rome Rome Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....	24 June 79 AD - 13 September 81 AD	Son of Vespasian Vespasian Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D....	13 September 81 AD Natural causes
Domitian Domitian Titus Flavius Domitianus , commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death. Domitian was the last emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96, encompassing the reigns of Domitian's father Vespasian , his elder brother Titus , and that of Domitian himself... TITVS FLAVIVS CAESAR DOMITIANVS AVGVSTVS	24 October 51 AD, Rome Rome Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....	14 September 81 AD - 18 September 96 AD	Son of Vespasian Vespasian Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D....	18 September 96 AD Assassinated by court officials

Nervan-Antonian dynasty

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Died
Nerva Nerva Marcus Cocceius Nerva was a Roman Emperor who reigned from AD 96 until his death in 98. Nerva acceded to this position at the advanced age of 65, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the Flavian dynasty--Vespasian, Titus and Domitian.... MARCVS COCCIEVS NERVA CAESAR AVGVSTVS,	8 November 30 AD, Narni Narni Narni is an ancient hilltown and comune of Umbria in central Italy, with 20,100 inhabitants according to the 2003 census; at altitude 240 m it overhangs a narrow gorge of the Nera River, Italy in the province of Terni.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	18 September 96 AD - 27 January 98 AD	Appointed by the Senate Roman Senate The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government....	27 January 98 AD Natural causes
Trajan Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 98 until his death in 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along the Limes G... CAESAR MARCVS VLPIVS NERVA TRAIANVS AVGVSTVS	September 18 53 AD, Italica Italica The city of Italica was founded in 206 BC by the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus in order to settle Roman soldiers wounded in the Battle of Ilipa, where the Carthaginian army was defeated during the Second Punic War.... , Hispania Baetica Hispania Baetica Hispania Baetica was one of three Imperial Roman provincesin Hispania, . Hispania Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania , and to the northeast by Hispania Tarraconensis....	28 January 98 AD - 7 August 117 AD	Adopted son and heir of Nerva Nerva Marcus Cocceius Nerva was a Roman Emperor who reigned from AD 96 until his death in 98. Nerva acceded to this position at the advanced age of 65, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the Flavian dynasty--Vespasian, Titus and Domitian....	7 August 117 AD Natural causes
Hadrian Hadrian Publius Aelius Hadrianus , as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after his apotheosis, known as Hadrian in English language, was Roman Emperor of Roman Empire from AD 117 to 138, as well as a Stoicism and Epicureanism philosopher.... CAESAR PVBLIVS AELIVS TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS	24 January 76 AD, Italica Italica The city of Italica was founded in 206 BC by the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus in order to settle Roman soldiers wounded in the Battle of Ilipa, where the Carthaginian army was defeated during the Second Punic War.... , Hispania Baetica Hispania Baetica Hispania Baetica was one of three Imperial Roman provincesin Hispania, . Hispania Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania , and to the northeast by Hispania Tarraconensis.... (or Rome Rome Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some .... )	11 August 117 AD - 10 July 138 AD	Adopted son and heir of Trajan Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 98 until his death in 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along the Limes G...	10 July 138 AD Natural causes
Antoninus Pius Antoninus Pius Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus , generally known in English as Antoninus Pius was Roman Emperors from 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors and a member of the Aurelii.... CAESAR TITVS AELIVS HADRIANVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PIVS	19 September 86 AD, Near Lanuvium Lanuvium Lanuvium is an ancient city of Latium, some 32 km southeast of Rome, a little southwest of the Via Appia.Lanuvium was situated on an isolated hill projecting south from the main mass of the Alban Hills, and commanding an extensive view over the low country between it and the sea.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	10 July 138 AD - 7 March 161 AD	Adopted son and heir of Hadrian Hadrian Publius Aelius Hadrianus , as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after his apotheosis, known as Hadrian in English language, was Roman Emperor of Roman Empire from AD 117 to 138, as well as a Stoicism and Epicureanism philosopher....	7 March 161 AD Natural causes
Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important stoicism philosophy.... CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS	26 April 121 AD, Rome Rome Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....	7 March 161 AD - 17 March 180 AD	Adopted son and heir of Antoninus Pius Antoninus Pius Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus , generally known in English as Antoninus Pius was Roman Emperors from 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors and a member of the Aurelii.... ; Co-emperor with Lucius Verus Lucius Verus Lucius Aurelius Verus , born as Lucius Ceionius Commodus, known simply as Lucius Verus, was Roman Emperors with Marcus Aurelius , from 161 until his death.... until 169 AD	17 March 180 AD Natural causes
Lucius Verus Lucius Verus Lucius Aurelius Verus , born as Lucius Ceionius Commodus, known simply as Lucius Verus, was Roman Emperors with Marcus Aurelius , from 161 until his death.... CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS VERVS AVGVSTVS	15 December 130 AD, Rome Rome Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....	7 March 161 AD - ? March 169 AD	Adopted son and heir of Antoninus Pius Antoninus Pius Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus , generally known in English as Antoninus Pius was Roman Emperors from 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors and a member of the Aurelii.... ; Co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important stoicism philosophy.... until death	March 169 AD Natural causes
Commodus Commodus Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus , was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 . The name given here was his official name at his accession to sole rule; see 'Commodus#Changes of name' for earlier and later forms.... CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS	31 August 161 AD, Lanuvium Lanuvium Lanuvium is an ancient city of Latium, some 32 km southeast of Rome, a little southwest of the Via Appia.Lanuvium was situated on an isolated hill projecting south from the main mass of the Alban Hills, and commanding an extensive view over the low country between it and the sea.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	177 AD - 31 December 192 AD	Natural son of Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important stoicism philosophy.... ; joint emperor from 177 AD	31 December 192 AD Assassinated in palace coup

Year of the Five Emperors & Severan dynasty

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Died
Pertinax Pertinax Publius Helvius Pertinax, commonly known as Pertinax , was a Roman emperor who briefly reigned from December 31 192 until his death on March 28 193.... CAESAR PVBLIVS HELVIVS PERTINAX AVGVSTVS	1 August 126 126 Events... , Alba, Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	1 January 193 AD - 28 March 193 AD	Proclaimed emperor by Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC....	28 March 193 AD Murdered by Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC....
Didius Julianus Didius Julianus Marcus Didius Severus Julianus was briefly Roman Emperor from 28 March 193 to 1 June 193. He ascended the throne after buying it from the Praetorian Guard, who had assassinated his predecessor Pertinax.... CAESAR MARCVS DIDIVS SEVERVS IVLIANVS AVGVSTVS	133 133 Events... or 137 AD, Milan Milan Milan is the second largest city of Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. It is the capital in the Province of Milan, as well as the Regions of Italy capital of Lombardy.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	28 March 193 AD - 1 June 193 AD	Won auction held by Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC.... for position of emperor	1 June 193 AD Executed on orders of the Senate Roman Senate The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government....
Septimius Severus Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Empire general, and Roman Emperor from April 14 193 to 211. He was born in what is now the Libyan part of Rome's historic Africa Province, making him the first emperor to be born in the Roman province of Africa Province.... CAESAR LVCIVS SEPTIMIVS SEVERVS PERTINAX AVGVSTVS	11 April 145 AD, Leptis Magna Leptis Magna Leptis Magna, also known as Lectis Magna , also called Lpqy or Neapolis, was a prominent city of the Roman Empire. Its ruins are located in Al Khums, Libya, 130 km east of Tripoli, on the coast where the Wadi Lebda meets the sea.... , Africa Africa Province File:Roman Africa.JPGThe Roman province of Africa was established after the Romans defeated Carthage in the Third Punic War. It roughly comprised the territory of present-day northern Tunisia, north-eastern Algeria and the Mediterranean Sea coast of modern-day western Libya along the Syrtis Minor....	9 April 193 AD - 4 February 211 AD	Seized power with support of Pannonia Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia.... n legions^a	4 February 211 AD Natural causes
Caracalla Caracalla Caracalla , born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 – 217.... CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS SEVERVS ANTONINVS PIVS AVGVSTVS	4 April 188 AD, Lugdunum Lugdunum Colonia Copia Claudia Augusta Lugdunum was an important Ancient Rome city in Gaul. The city was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus. It served as the capital of the Roman province Gallia Lugdunensis.... , Gallia Lugdunensis Gallia Lugdunensis Gallia Lugdunensis was a Roman province of the Roman Empire in what is now the modern country of France, part of the Celtic territory of Gaul....	198 AD - 8 April 217 AD	Son of Septimius Severus Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Empire general, and Roman Emperor from April 14 193 to 211. He was born in what is now the Libyan part of Rome's historic Africa Province, making him the first emperor to be born in the Roman province of Africa Province.... ; co-emperor with Severus from 198 AD; with Severus and Geta Geta Geta can be either:Geta, ?land, a municipality in FinlandGeta, NepalGeta , a type of Japanese footwearGeta, a 1982 science-fiction novel by Donald Kingsbury which has the alternative title Courtship Rite... from 209 AD until February 211 AD; co-emperor with Geta until December 211 AD	8 April 217 AD Murdered by a soldier; probably as part of a conspiracy involving Macrinus Macrinus Marcus Opellius Macrinus was Roman Empire Roman Emperors for fourteen months in 217 and 218. Macrinus was the first emperor to become so without membership in the senatorial class and the first emperor of Mauretania descent....
Geta Publius Septimius Geta Publius Septimius Geta , was a Roman Emperor co-ruling with his father Septimius Severus and his older brother Caracalla from 209 to his death.... CAESAR PVBLIVS SEPTIMIVS GETA AVGVSTUS	7 March 189 AD, Rome Rome Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....	209 AD - 26 December 211 AD	Son of Septimius Severus Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Empire general, and Roman Emperor from April 14 193 to 211. He was born in what is now the Libyan part of Rome's historic Africa Province, making him the first emperor to be born in the Roman province of Africa Province.... ; co-emperor with Severus and Caracalla Caracalla Caracalla , born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 – 217.... from 209 AD until February 211 AD; co-emperor with Caracalla until December 211 AD	26 December 211 AD Murdered on the orders of Caracalla Caracalla Caracalla , born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 – 217....
Macrinus Macrinus Marcus Opellius Macrinus was Roman Empire Roman Emperors for fourteen months in 217 and 218. Macrinus was the first emperor to become so without membership in the senatorial class and the first emperor of Mauretania descent.... MARCVS OPELLIVS SEVERVS MACRINVS AVGVSTVS PIVS FELIX with Diadumenian Diadumenian Marcus Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus or Diadumenian was the son of Roman Emperor Macrinus, who served his father briefly as Caesar from May, 217 to 218, and as Augustus in 218.... MARCVS OPELLIVS ANTONINVS DIADUMENIANUVS	c. 165 AD, Iol Caesarea, Mauretania Mauretania In Antiquity, Mauretania was originally an independent Berber people monarchy on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa , corresponding to western Algeria, northern Morocco and Spain Plazas de soberan?a....	11 April 217 AD - 8 June 218 AD	Praetorian Prefect Praetorian prefect Praetorian prefect was the constant title of a high office in the Roman Empire state that changed fundamentally in nature.The praetorian prefect was commander of the Praetorian Guard until Constantine I abolished the guard in 314.... to Caracalla Caracalla Caracalla , born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 – 217.... , probably conspired to have Caracalla murdered and proclaimed himself emperor after Caracalla's death; appointed his son Diadumenian Diadumenian Marcus Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus or Diadumenian was the son of Roman Emperor Macrinus, who served his father briefly as Caesar from May, 217 to 218, and as Augustus in 218.... junior emperor in May 217	8 June 218 AD Both executed in favour of Elagabalus Elagabalus Elagabalus , also known as Heliogabalus or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman Emperor of the Severan dynasty who reigned from 218 to 222....
Elagabalus Elagabalus Elagabalus , also known as Heliogabalus or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman Emperor of the Severan dynasty who reigned from 218 to 222.... MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS	c. 203 AD, Emesa, Syria Syria (Roman province) Syria was a Roman province, annexed in 64 BC by Pompey, as a consequence of his military presence after pursuing victory in the Third Mithridatic War....	8 June 218 AD - 11 March 222 AD	Grandson of Septimius Severus Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Empire general, and Roman Emperor from April 14 193 to 211. He was born in what is now the Libyan part of Rome's historic Africa Province, making him the first emperor to be born in the Roman province of Africa Province.... 's sister-in-law, alleged illegitimate son of Caracalla Caracalla Caracalla , born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 – 217.... ; proclaimed emperor by Syrian legions	11 March 222 AD Murdered by Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC....
Alexander Severus Alexander Severus Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, was the last Roman Emperors of the Severan dynasty, having succeeded, as heir apparent, his despised cousin, the eighteen year old Elagabalus who had been murdered along with his mother by his own guards—and as a mark of contempt, had their remains cast into... CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS SEVERVS ALEXANDER AVGVSTVS	1 October 208 AD, Arca Caesarea Arqa Arqa is a village near Miniara in the Akkar district of northern Lebanon, 22 km northeast of Tripoli, Lebanon, near the coast. It is significant for the Tell Arqa, an archaeological site that goes back to Neolithic times, and during the Crusades there was a strategically significant castle.... , Iudaea Iudaea Province Iudaea was a Roman province that extended over the former region of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Israel. It was named after the tetrarchy of Judea of which it was an expansion, the latter name deriving from the Kingdom of Judah of the 6th century BCE....	13 March 222 AD - 18 March 235 AD	Grandson of Septimius Severus Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Empire general, and Roman Emperor from April 14 193 to 211. He was born in what is now the Libyan part of Rome's historic Africa Province, making him the first emperor to be born in the Roman province of Africa Province.... 's sister-in-law, cousin and adoptive heir of Elagabalus Elagabalus Elagabalus , also known as Heliogabalus or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman Emperor of the Severan dynasty who reigned from 218 to 222....	18 March 235 AD Murdered by the army
Notes	^aThe other claimants for the throne in the Year of the Five Emperors Year of the Five Emperors The Year of the Five Emperors refers to 193, in which there were five claimants for the title of Roman Emperor.The year 193 opened with the murder of Commodus on New Year's Eve, 31 December 192 and the proclamation of the City Prefect Pertinax as Emperor on New Year's Day, 1 January 193.... were Pescennius Niger Pescennius Niger Gaius Pescennius Niger was a Roman usurper from 193 to 194. Niger was born of an old Italian equestrian family.File:Denarius-Pescennius Niger-RIC 0015var.jpg... and Clodius Albinus Clodius Albinus Decimus Clodius Septimius Al?binus was a Roman usurper proclaimed Roman Emperor by the legions in Roman Britain and Hispania upon the murder of Pertinax.... , supported by the Syrian and British legions respectively. Although not completely defeated until 197 AD, they were not formally accepted by the senate and were therefore not technically reigning emperors.

Emperors during the Crisis of the Third Century

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Died
Maximinus Thrax Maximinus Thrax Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus , also known as Maximinus Thrax and Maximinus I, was a Roman Emperor .Maximinus is described by several ancient sources as the first barbarian who wore the imperial purple and the first emperor never to set foot in Rome.... CAESAR GAIVS JVLIVS VERVS MAXIMINVS AVGVSTVS	c.173 AD, Thrace Thrace Thrace is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. Today the name Thrace designates a region spread over southern Bulgaria , northeastern Greece , and European Turkey .... or Moesia Moesia Moesia was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the areas of modern Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania along the south bank of the Danube River....	20 March 235 AD - April 238 AD	Proclaimed emperor by German legions after the murder of Alexander Severus Alexander Severus Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, was the last Roman Emperors of the Severan dynasty, having succeeded, as heir apparent, his despised cousin, the eighteen year old Elagabalus who had been murdered along with his mother by his own guards—and as a mark of contempt, had their remains cast into...	April 238 AD Assassinated by Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC....
Gordian I Gordian I Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus , known in English language as Gordian I, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.... CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS SEMPRONIANVS AFRICANVS AVGVSTVS	c. 159 AD, Phrygia Phrygia In antiquity, Phrygia was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. The Phrygians initially lived in the Southern Balkans; according to Herodotus, under the name of Bryges, changing it to Phruges after their final migration to Anatolia, via the Hellespont.... ?	22 March 238 AD - 12 April 238 AD	Proclaimed emperor, whilst Pro-consul in Africa, during a revolt against Maximinus Maximinus Thrax Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus , also known as Maximinus Thrax and Maximinus I, was a Roman Emperor .Maximinus is described by several ancient sources as the first barbarian who wore the imperial purple and the first emperor never to set foot in Rome.... . Ruled jointly with his son Gordian II Gordian II Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus , known in English language as Gordian II, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.... , and in opposition to Maximinus. Technically a usurper, but retrospectively legitimised by the accession of Gordian III Gordian III Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius , known in English language as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and his father was an unnamed Roman Senator who died before 238....	April 238 AD Committed suicide upon hearing of the death of Gordian II Gordian II Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus , known in English language as Gordian II, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.... .
Gordian II Gordian II Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus , known in English language as Gordian II, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.... CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS SEMPRONIANVS ROMANVS AFRICANVS AVGVSTVS	c. 192 AD, ?	22 March 238 AD - 12 April 238 AD	Proclaimed emperor, alongside father Gordian I Gordian I Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus , known in English language as Gordian I, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.... , in opposition to Maximinus Maximinus Thrax Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus , also known as Maximinus Thrax and Maximinus I, was a Roman Emperor .Maximinus is described by several ancient sources as the first barbarian who wore the imperial purple and the first emperor never to set foot in Rome.... . Technically a usurper, but retrospectively legitimised by the accession of Gordian III Gordian III Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius , known in English language as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and his father was an unnamed Roman Senator who died before 238....	April 238 AD Killed during the Battle of Carthage Battle of Carthage (238) The Battle of Carthage was fought in 238 between a Roman army loyal to Roman Emperor Maximinus Thrax and the forces of Emperors Gordian I and Gordian II.... , fighting a pro-Maximinus Maximinus Thrax Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus , also known as Maximinus Thrax and Maximinus I, was a Roman Emperor .Maximinus is described by several ancient sources as the first barbarian who wore the imperial purple and the first emperor never to set foot in Rome.... army
Pupienus Maximus Pupienus Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus, born about 178, was jointly Roman Emperor with Balbinus between April and July of 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.... CAESAR MARCVS CLODIVS PVPIENVS MAXIMVS AVGVSTVS	c. 178 AD, ?	22 April 238 AD - 29 July 238 AD	Proclaimed joint emperor with Balbinus Balbinus Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus born about 165, was jointly Roman Emperor with Pupienus between April and July of 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.... by the the Senate Roman Senate The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government.... in opposition to Maximinus Maximinus Thrax Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus , also known as Maximinus Thrax and Maximinus I, was a Roman Emperor .Maximinus is described by several ancient sources as the first barbarian who wore the imperial purple and the first emperor never to set foot in Rome.... ; later co-emperor with Balbinus and Gordian III Gordian III Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius , known in English language as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and his father was an unnamed Roman Senator who died before 238....	29 July 238 AD Assassinated by Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC....
Balbinus Balbinus Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus born about 165, was jointly Roman Emperor with Pupienus between April and July of 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.... CAESAR DECIMVS CAELIVS CALVINVS BALBINVS PIVS AVGVSTVS	?	22 April 238 AD - 29 July 238 AD	Proclaimed joint emperor with Pupienus Pupienus Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus, born about 178, was jointly Roman Emperor with Balbinus between April and July of 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.... by the Senate Roman Senate The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government.... after death of Gordian I Gordian I Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus , known in English language as Gordian I, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.... & II Gordian II Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus , known in English language as Gordian II, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.... , in opposition to Maximinus Maximinus Thrax Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus , also known as Maximinus Thrax and Maximinus I, was a Roman Emperor .Maximinus is described by several ancient sources as the first barbarian who wore the imperial purple and the first emperor never to set foot in Rome.... ; later co-emperor with Pupienus and Gordian III Gordian III Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius , known in English language as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and his father was an unnamed Roman Senator who died before 238....	29 July 238 AD Assassinated by Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC....
Gordian III Gordian III Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius , known in English language as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and his father was an unnamed Roman Senator who died before 238.... CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS AVGVSTVS	20 January 225 AD, Rome Rome Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....	22 April 238 AD - 11 February 244 AD	Proclaimed emperor by supporters of Gordian I Gordian I Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus , known in English language as Gordian I, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.... & II Gordian II Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus , known in English language as Gordian II, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.... , then by the Senate Roman Senate The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government.... ; joint-emperor with Pupienus Pupienus Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus, born about 178, was jointly Roman Emperor with Balbinus between April and July of 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.... and Balbinus Balbinus Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus born about 165, was jointly Roman Emperor with Pupienus between April and July of 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.... until July 238 AD.	11 February 244 AD Unknown; possibly murdered on orders of Philip the Arab Philip the Arab Marcus Julius Philippus or Philippus I Arabs , known in English language as Philip the Arab or formerly in English as Philip the Arabian, was a Roman Emperor from 244 to 249....
Philip the Arab Philip the Arab Marcus Julius Philippus or Philippus I Arabs , known in English language as Philip the Arab or formerly in English as Philip the Arabian, was a Roman Emperor from 244 to 249.... CAESAR MARCVS IVLIVS PHILLIPVS AVGVSTVS	c. 204 AD, Shahba Shahba Shahba , known in Late Antiquity as Philippopolis, is a city located 87 km south of Damascus in the Jabal el Druze in As-Suwayda Governorate of Syria, but formerly in the Roman Empire province of Arabia Petraea.... , Syria Syria (Roman province) Syria was a Roman province, annexed in 64 BC by Pompey, as a consequence of his military presence after pursuing victory in the Third Mithridatic War....	February 244 AD - September/ October 249 AD	Praetorian Prefect Praetorian prefect Praetorian prefect was the constant title of a high office in the Roman Empire state that changed fundamentally in nature.The praetorian prefect was commander of the Praetorian Guard until Constantine I abolished the guard in 314.... to Gordian III Gordian III Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius , known in English language as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and his father was an unnamed Roman Senator who died before 238.... , took power after his death	September/ October 249 AD Killed in battle against Decius Decius Gaius Messius Quintus Decius was the Roman Emperors from 249 - 251. In the last year of his reign, he co-ruled with his son Herennius Etruscus until both of them were killed in the Battle of Abrittus.... , near Verona Verona Verona is a city in Veneto, northern Italy, one of the seven provincial capitals in the region. It is one of the main tourist destinations in north-eastern Italy, thanks to its artistic heritage, several annual fairs, shows and operas, such as the lyrical season in the Arena, the ancient amphitheatre built by the Romans....
Decius Decius Gaius Messius Quintus Decius was the Roman Emperors from 249 - 251. In the last year of his reign, he co-ruled with his son Herennius Etruscus until both of them were killed in the Battle of Abrittus.... CAESAR GAIVS MESSIVS QVINTVS TRAIANVS DECIVS AVGVSTVS with Herennius Etruscus Herennius Etruscus Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius , was Roman Empire in 251, in a joint rule with his father Trajan Decius. Emperor Hostilian was his younger brother....	c. 201 AD, Budalia, Lower Pannonia Lower Pannonia The Lower Pannonia or Pannonia Inferior was an ancient Roman Empire province. It was formed in the year 103 AD. The Lower Pannonia included parts of present-day Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina....	September/ October 249 AD249 AD - June 251 AD	Governor under Philip the Arab Philip the Arab Marcus Julius Philippus or Philippus I Arabs , known in English language as Philip the Arab or formerly in English as Philip the Arabian, was a Roman Emperor from 244 to 249.... ; proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions and defeated Philip in battle; made his son Herennius Etruscus Herennius Etruscus Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius , was Roman Empire in 251, in a joint rule with his father Trajan Decius. Emperor Hostilian was his younger brother.... co-emperor in early 251 AD	June 251 AD Both killed in the Battle of Abrittus Battle of Abrittus The Battle of Abritus , also known as the Battle of Forum Terebronii, occurred in the Roman province of Moesia Inferior probably in July, 251, between the Roman Empire and a federation of "Scythians#Migration_period" tribesmen under the Goths King Cniva.... fighting against the Goths Goths The Goths were East Germanic tribes who, in the 3rd and 4th centuries, invasion the Roman Empire and later adopted Arian Christianity. In the 5th and 6th centuries, divided as the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, they established powerful successor-states of the Roman Empire in the Iberian peninsula and Italy....
Hostilian Hostilian Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus , was Roman Empire in 251. Hostilian was born in Sirmium in Illyricum sometime after 230, as the son of the future emperor Decius by his wife Herennia Etruscilla.... CAESAR CAIVS VALENS HOSTILIANVS MESSIVS QVINTVS AVGVSTVS	?	June 251 AD - late 251 AD	Son of Decius Decius Gaius Messius Quintus Decius was the Roman Emperors from 249 - 251. In the last year of his reign, he co-ruled with his son Herennius Etruscus until both of them were killed in the Battle of Abrittus.... , accepted as heir by the Senate Roman Senate The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government....	September/October 251 AD Natural causes
Trebonianus Gallus Trebonianus Gallus Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus , was Roman Emperor from 251 to 253, in a joint rule with his son Volusianus.Gallus was born in Italy, in a family with respected ancestry of Etruscan Roman senate background.... CAESAR GAIVS VIBIVS TREBONIANVS GALLVS AVGVSTVS with Volusianus Volusianus Gaius Vibius Volusianus was a Roman emperor .He was son to Trebonianus Gallus by his wife Afinia Gemina Baebiana. He is known to have had a sister, Vibia Galla....	206 AD, Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	June 251 AD - August 253 AD	Governor of Moesia Superior, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after Decius Decius Gaius Messius Quintus Decius was the Roman Emperors from 249 - 251. In the last year of his reign, he co-ruled with his son Herennius Etruscus until both of them were killed in the Battle of Abrittus.... 's death (and in opposition to Hostilian Hostilian Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus , was Roman Empire in 251. Hostilian was born in Sirmium in Illyricum sometime after 230, as the son of the future emperor Decius by his wife Herennia Etruscilla.... ); made his son Volusianus Volusianus Gaius Vibius Volusianus was a Roman emperor .He was son to Trebonianus Gallus by his wife Afinia Gemina Baebiana. He is known to have had a sister, Vibia Galla.... co-emperor in late 251 AD.	August 253 AD Assassinated by their own troops, in favour of Aemilianus Aemilianus Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus , commonly known in English as Aemilian, was Roman Emperor for about three months in 253.Commander of the Moesian troops, he obtained an important victory against the invading Goths and was, for this reason, acclaimed emperor by his army....
Aemilianus Aemilianus Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus , commonly known in English as Aemilian, was Roman Emperor for about three months in 253.Commander of the Moesian troops, he obtained an important victory against the invading Goths and was, for this reason, acclaimed emperor by his army.... CAESAR MARCVS AEMILIVS AEMILIANVS AVGVSTVS	c. 207 AD Africa Africa Province File:Roman Africa.JPGThe Roman province of Africa was established after the Romans defeated Carthage in the Third Punic War. It roughly comprised the territory of present-day northern Tunisia, north-eastern Algeria and the Mediterranean Sea coast of modern-day western Libya along the Syrtis Minor....	August 253 AD - October 253 AD	Governor of Moesia Superior, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after defeating the Goths Goths The Goths were East Germanic tribes who, in the 3rd and 4th centuries, invasion the Roman Empire and later adopted Arian Christianity. In the 5th and 6th centuries, divided as the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, they established powerful successor-states of the Roman Empire in the Iberian peninsula and Italy.... ; accepted as emperor after death of Gallus Trebonianus Gallus Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus , was Roman Emperor from 251 to 253, in a joint rule with his son Volusianus.Gallus was born in Italy, in a family with respected ancestry of Etruscan Roman senate background....	September/October 253 AD Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of Valerian Valerian Valerian may refer to:In botany:* Valeriana, a genus of plants* Valerian , a medicinal plant* Red valerian, a garden flower, Centranthus ruber ...
Valerian Valerian (emperor) Publius Licinius Valerianus , commonly known in English language as Valerian or Valerian I, was the Roman Emperor from 253 to 260.... CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVSAVGVSTVS	c. 200 AD	October 253 AD - 260 AD	Governor of Noricum Noricum Noricum, in ancient history geography, was a Celtic kingdom stretching over the area of today's Austria and Slovenia. It became a Roman province of the Roman Empire.... and Raetia Raetia File:REmpire Rhetia.pngRaetia was a Roman province of the Roman Empire, bounded on the west by the country of the Helvetii, on the east by Noricum, on the north by Vindelicia, and on the south by Cisalpine Gaul.... , proclaimed emperor by Rhine legions after death of Gallus Trebonianus Gallus Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus , was Roman Emperor from 251 to 253, in a joint rule with his son Volusianus.Gallus was born in Italy, in a family with respected ancestry of Etruscan Roman senate background.... ; accepted as emperor after death of Aemilianus Aemilianus Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus , commonly known in English as Aemilian, was Roman Emperor for about three months in 253.Commander of the Moesian troops, he obtained an important victory against the invading Goths and was, for this reason, acclaimed emperor by his army....	After 260 AD Captured in Battle of Edessa Battle of Edessa The Battle of Edessa took place between the armies of the Roman Empire under the command of Emperor Valerian and Sassanid Empire forces under King Shapur I in 259.... against Persians Sassanid Empire The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years.... , died in captivity
Gallienus Gallienus Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268.... CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS GALLIENVS AVGVSTVS	?	October 253 AD - September 268 AD	Son of Valerian Valerian Valerian may refer to:In botany:* Valeriana, a genus of plants* Valerian , a medicinal plant* Red valerian, a garden flower, Centranthus ruber ... , made co-emperor in 253 AD	September 268 AD Murdered in unclear circumstances
Claudius Gothicus CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS AVGVSTVS	10 May 213 AD/214 AD, Sirmium Sirmium Sirmium was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia. Sirmium originally was an Illyrians town conquered by the Ancient Rome in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire....	September 268 AD - January 270 AD	Victorious general at Battle of Naissus Battle of Naissus The Battle of Naissus was the defeat of a Goths coalition by the Roman Empire under Emperor Gallienus near Naissus . The events around the invasion and the battle are an important part of the history of the Crisis of the Third Century.... , seized power after Gallienus Gallienus Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268.... 's death	January 270 AD Natural causes
Quintillus Quintillus Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus was born in Sirmium in Illyricum. He was brother of Roman Emperor Claudius II, and became Emperor himself in 270.... CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS QVINTILLVS AVGVSTVS	? , Sirmium Sirmium Sirmium was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia. Sirmium originally was an Illyrians town conquered by the Ancient Rome in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire....	January 270 AD - 270 AD	Brother of Claudius Gothicus, seized power after his death	270 AD Unclear; possibly suicide or murder
Aurelian Aurelian Lucius Domitius Aurelianus , known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor , was the second of several highly successful "soldier-emperors" who helped the Roman Empire regain its power during the latter part of the third century and the beginning of the fourth.... CAESAR LVCIVS DOMITIVS AVRELIANVS AVGVSTVS	9 September 214 AD/215 AD , Sirmium Sirmium Sirmium was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia. Sirmium originally was an Illyrians town conquered by the Ancient Rome in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire....	September(?) 270 AD - September 270 AD	Proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after Claudius Gothicus's death, in opposition to Quintillus Quintillus Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus was born in Sirmium in Illyricum. He was brother of Roman Emperor Claudius II, and became Emperor himself in 270....	September 275 AD Assassinated by Praetorian Guard Praetorian Guard The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC....
Tacitus Marcus Claudius Tacitus Marcus Claudius Tacitus was a Roman Emperors from September 25, 275, to June 276.... CAESAR MARCVS CLAVDIVS TACITVS AVGVSTVS	?, Interamna	September 25 275 AD - June 276 AD	Elected by the Senate Roman Senate The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government.... to replace Aurelian Aurelian Lucius Domitius Aurelianus , known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor , was the second of several highly successful "soldier-emperors" who helped the Roman Empire regain its power during the latter part of the third century and the beginning of the fourth.... , after a short interregnum Interregnum An interregnum is a period of discontinuity of a government, organization, or social order. Archetypally, it was the period of time between the reign of one monarch and the next , and the concepts of interregnum and Regent therefore overlap....	June 276 AD Natural causes
Florianus Florianus Marcus Annius Florianus , commonly known as Florian in English, was a Roman Emperor who ruled in 276.Florian was reportedly a maternal half-brother to Marcus Claudius Tacitus.... CAESAR MARCVS ANNIVS FLORIANVS AVGVSTVS	?	June 276 AD - September? 276 AD	Possibly half-brother of Tacitus Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus was a Roman Senate and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works—the Annals and the Histories —examine the reigns of the Roman Emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero and those that reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors.... , elected by the army in the west to to replace him	September? 276 AD Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of Probus
Probus Probus Marcus Aurelius Probus was a Roman Emperor .A native of Sirmium , in Pannonia, at an early age he entered the army, where he distinguished himself under the Emperors Valerian , Aurelian and Marcus Claudius Tacitus.... CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS PROBVS AVGVSTVS	232 AD, Sirmium Sirmium Sirmium was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia. Sirmium originally was an Illyrians town conquered by the Ancient Rome in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire....	September? 276 AD - September/ October 282 AD	Governor of the eastern provinces, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions in opposition to Florianus Florianus Marcus Annius Florianus , commonly known as Florian in English, was a Roman Emperor who ruled in 276.Florian was reportedly a maternal half-brother to Marcus Claudius Tacitus....	September/ October 282 AD Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of Carus Carus Marcus Aurelius Carus was a Roman Emperor . During his short reign, Carus tried to follow the path of restoration of the empire strength marked by Aurelian and Probus....
Carus Carus Marcus Aurelius Carus was a Roman Emperor . During his short reign, Carus tried to follow the path of restoration of the empire strength marked by Aurelian and Probus.... CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CARVS AVGVSTVS	c. 230 AD, Narbo	September/ October 282 AD - late July/ early August 283 AD	Praetorian Prefect Praetorian prefect Praetorian prefect was the constant title of a high office in the Roman Empire state that changed fundamentally in nature.The praetorian prefect was commander of the Praetorian Guard until Constantine I abolished the guard in 314.... to Probus Probus Marcus Aurelius Probus was a Roman Emperor .A native of Sirmium , in Pannonia, at an early age he entered the army, where he distinguished himself under the Emperors Valerian , Aurelian and Marcus Claudius Tacitus.... ; seized power either before or after Probus was murdered	Late July/early August 283 AD Natural causes?
Carinus Carinus Marcus Aurelius Carinus was Roman Emperor and elder son of the Emperor Carus, on whose accession he was appointed governor of the western portion of the empire.... CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CARINVS AVGVSTVS	?	Late July/early August 283 AD - 285 AD	Son of Carus Carus Marcus Aurelius Carus was a Roman Emperor . During his short reign, Carus tried to follow the path of restoration of the empire strength marked by Aurelian and Probus.... , succeeded him jointly with his brother Numerian Numerian Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus , known in English as Numerian, was a Roman Emperor , together with his brother Carinus. They were sons of Carus, a Gaul raised to the office of praetorian prefect under Emperor Probus in 282....	285 AD Died in battle against Diocletian Diocletian Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles and commonly known as Diocletian , was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305.... ?
Numerian Numerian Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus , known in English as Numerian, was a Roman Emperor , together with his brother Carinus. They were sons of Carus, a Gaul raised to the office of praetorian prefect under Emperor Probus in 282.... CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS NVMERIANVS AVGVSTVS	?	Late July/early August 283 AD - 284 AD?	Son of Carus Carus Marcus Aurelius Carus was a Roman Emperor . During his short reign, Carus tried to follow the path of restoration of the empire strength marked by Aurelian and Probus.... , succeeded him jointly with his brother Carinus Carinus Marcus Aurelius Carinus was Roman Emperor and elder son of the Emperor Carus, on whose accession he was appointed governor of the western portion of the empire....	284 AD Unclear; possibly assassinated

The Dominate

Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Died
Diocletian Diocletian Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles and commonly known as Diocletian , was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305.... CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS DIOCLETIANVS AVGVSTVS	c. 22 December 244 AD, Dioclea Duklja (town) Duklja or Doclea was once the principal city of the state of Duklja . The city was situated about three kilometers northwest from today?s Podgorica, Montenegro's capital.... , Dalmatia Dalmatia Dalmatia is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Croatia and spreading between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast....	20 November 284 AD - 1 May 305 AD	Proclaimed emperor by army after death of Numerian Numerian Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus , known in English as Numerian, was a Roman Emperor , together with his brother Carinus. They were sons of Carus, a Gaul raised to the office of praetorian prefect under Emperor Probus in 282.... , and in opposition to Carinus Carinus Marcus Aurelius Carinus was Roman Emperor and elder son of the Emperor Carus, on whose accession he was appointed governor of the western portion of the empire.... ; adopted Maximian Maximian Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius , commonly referred to as Maximian, was Caesar from July 285 and Augustus from April 1, 286 to May 1, 305.... as senior co-emperor in 286 AD	3 December 311 AD Abdicated; died of natural causes
Maximian Maximian Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius , commonly referred to as Maximian, was Caesar from July 285 and Augustus from April 1, 286 to May 1, 305.... CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS AVGVSTVS	c. 250 AD, near Sirmium Sirmium Sirmium was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia. Sirmium originally was an Illyrians town conquered by the Ancient Rome in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire.... , Pannonia Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....	1 April 286 AD - 1 May 305 AD	Adopted as senior co-emperor ('Augustus') in the west by Diocletian Diocletian Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles and commonly known as Diocletian , was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305.... in 286 AD	310 AD Abdicated with Diocletian Diocletian Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles and commonly known as Diocletian , was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305.... ; twice tried to regain throne with, and then from Maxentius Maxentius Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312. He was the son of former emperor Maximian, and the son-in-law of Galerius, also an emperor.... ; captured by Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337.... and committed suicide at his behest
Constantius I Chlorus Constantius Chlorus Flavius Valerius Constantius , also Constantius I, was an Roman emperor of the Western Roman Empire . He was commonly called Chlorus an epithet given to him by Byzantine Empire historians.... CAESAR GAIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS	31 March c. 250 AD, Dardania, Moesia Moesia Moesia was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the areas of modern Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania along the south bank of the Danube River....	1 May 305 AD - 25 July 306 AD	Adopted as junior co-emperor ('Caesar') and heir by Maximian Maximian Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius , commonly referred to as Maximian, was Caesar from July 285 and Augustus from April 1, 286 to May 1, 305.... in 293 AD	310 AD Natural causes
Galerius Galerius Galerius Maximianus , formally Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311.... CAESAR GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS AVGVSTVS	c. 260 AD, Felix Romuliana Gamzigrad Gamzigrad is a spa resort in Serbia, located south of the Danube, near Zajecar.... , Moesia Superior	1 May 305 AD - May 311 AD	Adopted as junior co-emperor ('Caesar') and heir by Diocletian Diocletian Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles and commonly known as Diocletian , was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305.... in 293 AD	311 AD Natural causes
Severus Flavius Valerius Severus Flavius Valerius Severus was a Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 307.Severus was of humble birth, born in the Illyrian provinces around the middle of the third century AD.... FLAVIVS VALERIVS SEVERVS AVGVSTVS	?	Summer 306 AD - March/ April 307 AD	Adopted as junior co-emperor ('Caesar') and heir by Constantius Chlorus Constantius Chlorus Flavius Valerius Constantius , also Constantius I, was an Roman emperor of the Western Roman Empire . He was commonly called Chlorus an epithet given to him by Byzantine Empire historians.... in 305 AD; succeeded as Augustus in 306; opposed by Maxentius Maxentius Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312. He was the son of former emperor Maximian, and the son-in-law of Galerius, also an emperor.... and Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337....	16 September 307 AD Captured by Maxentius Maxentius Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312. He was the son of former emperor Maximian, and the son-in-law of Galerius, also an emperor.... and forced to commit suicide (or murdered)
Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337.... CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS VALERIVS AVGVSTVS	27 February c. 272 AD, Naissus, Moesia Superior	25 July 306 AD - 22 May 337 AD	Son of Constantius Chlorus Constantius Chlorus Flavius Valerius Constantius , also Constantius I, was an Roman emperor of the Western Roman Empire . He was commonly called Chlorus an epithet given to him by Byzantine Empire historians.... , proclaimed emperor by his father's troops; accepted as Caesar (west) by Galerius in 306 AD; promoted to Augustus (west) in 307 AD by Maximian after death of Severus Severus Severus is Latin cognomen, most often used for Septimius Severus, Alexander Severus and other members of the Severan dynasty.Severus can also refer to:... ; refused relegation to Caesar in 309 AD	22 May 337 AD Natural causes
Maxentius Maxentius Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312. He was the son of former emperor Maximian, and the son-in-law of Galerius, also an emperor.... MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXENTIVS AVGVSTVS	c. 278 AD, ?	28 October 306 AD - 28 October 312 AD	Son of Maximian Maximian Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius , commonly referred to as Maximian, was Caesar from July 285 and Augustus from April 1, 286 to May 1, 305.... , seized power in 306 after death of Constantius Chlorus Constantius Chlorus Flavius Valerius Constantius , also Constantius I, was an Roman emperor of the Western Roman Empire . He was commonly called Chlorus an epithet given to him by Byzantine Empire historians.... , in opposition to Severus Flavius Valerius Severus Flavius Valerius Severus was a Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 307.Severus was of humble birth, born in the Illyrian provinces around the middle of the third century AD.... and Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337.... ; made Caesar (west) by Maximian in 307 AD after the death of Severus	28 October 312 AD Died at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, against Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337....
Maximinus Daia Maximinus title = Roman Emperor of the Roman Empire\|name=Maximinus Daia\|full name =Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus Daia\| image =... CAESAR GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMINVS AVGVSTVS	20 November c. 270 AD, Dacia Aureliana	1 May 311 AD - July/August 313 AD	Nephew of Galerius, adopted as Caesar and his heir in 305 AD; succeeded as Augustus (shared with Licinius) in 311 AD	July/August 313 AD Defeated in civil war against Licinius Licinius Valerius Licinianus Licinius was Roman emperor from 308 to 324.Of Dacian peasant origin, born in Moesia Superior, Licinius accompanied his close childhood friend, the Emperor Galerius, on the Persian expedition in 297.... ; probably committed suicide thereafter
Licinius Licinius Valerius Licinianus Licinius was Roman emperor from 308 to 324.Of Dacian peasant origin, born in Moesia Superior, Licinius accompanied his close childhood friend, the Emperor Galerius, on the Persian expedition in 297.... CAESAR GAIVS VALERIVS LICINIVS AVGVSTVS with Valerius Valens Valerius Valens Aurelius Valerius Valens was List of Roman Emperors from late 316 to March 1 317. Valens had previously been dux limitis in Dacia, but this is all we know of him.... Martinianus	c. 250 AD, Felix Romuliana, Moesia Superior	11 November 308 AD - 18 September 324 AD	Appointed Augustus in the west by Galerius Galerius Galerius Maximianus , formally Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311.... in 308 BC, in opposition to Maxentius Maxentius Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312. He was the son of former emperor Maximian, and the son-in-law of Galerius, also an emperor.... ; became Augustus in the east in 311 AD after the death of Galerius (shared with Maximinus Maximinus title = Roman Emperor of the Roman Empire\|name=Maximinus Daia\|full name =Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus Daia\| image =... ); defeated Maximinus in civil war to become sole eastern Augustus in 313 BC; appointed Valerius Valens Valerius Valens Aurelius Valerius Valens was List of Roman Emperors from late 316 to March 1 317. Valens had previously been dux limitis in Dacia, but this is all we know of him.... in 317 AD, and Martinianus in 324 AD as western Augustus, in opposition to Constantine, both nominally ruled for a few months before being executed	325 AD Defeated in civil war against Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337.... in 324 AD and captured; executed on the orders of Constantine the next year
Constantine II Constantine II (emperor) Flavius Claudius Constantinus, known in English as Constantine II, was List of Roman Emperors from 337 to 340. The eldest son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, he was born at Arles, and was raised as a Christian.... CAESAR FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS CONSTANTINVS AVGVSTVS	316 AD, Arles Arles Arles is a city in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rh?ne Departments of France, of which it is a Subprefectures in France, in the former Provinces of France of Provence....	22 May 337 AD - 340 AD	Son of Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337.... ; appointed Caesar in 317 AD, succeeded as joint Augustus with his brothers Constantius II Constantius II Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty.... and Constans Constans Flavius Julius Constans , was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 337 to 350. Constans was the third and youngest son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, Constantine's second wife....	340 AD Died in battle against Constans Constans Flavius Julius Constans , was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 337 to 350. Constans was the third and youngest son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, Constantine's second wife....
Constantius II Constantius II Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty.... CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS	7 August 317 AD, Sirmium Sirmium Sirmium was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia. Sirmium originally was an Illyrians town conquered by the Ancient Rome in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire.... , Pannonia Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....	22 May 337 AD - 3 November 361 AD	Son of Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337.... ; succeeded as joint Augustus with his brothers Constantine II Constantine II Constantine II may refer to:* Antipope Constantine II, antipope from 767 – 768* Constantine II , Roman Emperor 337 – 340* Constantine II of Scotland , King of Scotland 900 – 942 or 943... and Constans Constans Flavius Julius Constans , was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 337 to 350. Constans was the third and youngest son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, Constantine's second wife.... ; sole emperor from 350 AD	361 AD Natural causes
Constans Constans Flavius Julius Constans , was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 337 to 350. Constans was the third and youngest son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, Constantine's second wife.... CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANS AVGVSTVS	320 AD, ?	22 May 337 AD - 350 AD	Son of Constantine I Constantine I Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus , commonly known in English_language as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman Emperor from 306, and the undisputed holder of that office from 324 until his death in 337.... ; succeeded as joint Augustus with his brothers Constantine II Constantine II Constantine II may refer to:* Antipope Constantine II, antipope from 767 – 768* Constantine II , Roman Emperor 337 – 340* Constantine II of Scotland , King of Scotland 900 – 942 or 943... and Constantius II Constantius II Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty....	350 AD Assassinated on the orders of the usurper Magnentius Magnentius Flavius Magnus Magnentius was a Roman usurper .Born in Samarobriva , Gaul, Magnentius was the commander of the Herculians and Iovians, the imperial guard units ....
Julian Julian the Apostate Flavius Claudius Julianus, known also as Julian or Julian the Apostate , was Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty. He was the last non-Christian Roman Emperor, and expended much energy during his reign attempting to supplant the growing power of Christianity within the empire with officially revived Religion in ancient Rom... CAESAR FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS IVLIANVS AVGVSTVS	331 AD/332 AD, Constantinople Constantinople Constantinople was the empire capital of the Roman Empire , the Byzantine Empire , the Latin Empire , and the Ottoman Empire . Strategically located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara at the point where Europe meets Asia, Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christendom empire, successor to ancient ancient Greece... , Thracia	February 360 AD - 26 June 363 AD	Cousin of Constantius II Constantius II Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty.... ; made Caesar of the west in 355 AD; proclaimed Augustus by his troops in 360; sole emperor after the death of Constantius	26 June 363 AD Mortally wounded in battle
Jovian Jovian Flavius Iovianus, anglicized to Jovian, was a soldier elected Roman Emperor by the army on 27 June 363 upon the death of Emperor Julian the Apostate during his Sassanid Empire campaign.... CAESAR FLAVIVS IOVIANVS AVGVSTVS	331 AD, Singidunum Singidunum Singidunum was an ancient Roman city, first settled by the Celts Scordisci tribe in the 3rd century BC, and later garrisoned and fortified by the Ancient Rome who romanized the name.... , Moesia Moesia Moesia was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the areas of modern Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania along the south bank of the Danube River....	26 June 363 AD - 17 February 364 AD	General of Julian's army; proclaimed emperor by the troops on Julian's death	17 February 364 AD Natural causes

Valentinian dynasty

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Died
Valentinian I Valentinian I Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, was Roman Emperor from 364 until his death. Valentinian is often referred to as the "last great western emperor".... FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS AVGVSTVS	321 AD, Cibalae, Pannonia Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....	26 February 364 AD - 17 November 375 AD	Elected to replace Jovian Jovian Flavius Iovianus, anglicized to Jovian, was a soldier elected Roman Emperor by the army on 27 June 363 upon the death of Emperor Julian the Apostate during his Sassanid Empire campaign.... by the army	17 November 375 AD Natural causes
Valens Valens Flamin Julius Valens was Roman Emperor , after he was given the Eastern part of the empire by his brother Valentinian I. Valens, sometimes known as the Last of the Romans, was defeated and killed in the Battle of Adrianople, which marked the beginning of the fall of the Western Roman Empire.... FLAVIVS IVLIVS VALENS AVGVSTVS	328 AD, Cibalae, Pannonia Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....	28 March 364 AD - 9 August 378 AD	Brother of Valentinian I Valentinian I Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, was Roman Emperor from 364 until his death. Valentinian is often referred to as the "last great western emperor".... , appointed co-augustus (for the east) by him	9 August 378 AD Killed in Battle of Adrianople Battle of Adrianople The second Battle of Adrianople , sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between a Roman Empire army led by the Roman Emperor Valens and Goths rebels led by Fritigern.... against the Goths Goths The Goths were East Germanic tribes who, in the 3rd and 4th centuries, invasion the Roman Empire and later adopted Arian Christianity. In the 5th and 6th centuries, divided as the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, they established powerful successor-states of the Roman Empire in the Iberian peninsula and Italy....
Gratian Gratian Flavius Gratianus , known usually by the anglicised name Gratian, was a Western Roman Emperor from 375 to 383.He favoured the Christian religion against Roman polytheism, refusing the traditional polytheistic attributes of the emperors and removing the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate.... FLAVIVS GRATIANVS AVGVSTVS	April 18/May 23 359 AD, Sirmium Sirmium Sirmium was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia. Sirmium originally was an Illyrians town conquered by the Ancient Rome in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire.... , Pannonia Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....	4 August 367 AD - 25 August 383 AD	Son of Valentinian I Valentinian I Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, was Roman Emperor from 364 until his death. Valentinian is often referred to as the "last great western emperor".... , appointed 'junior' Augustus by him in 367, became 'senior' augustus (for the west) after Valentinian's death.	25 August 383 AD Murdered by rebellious army faction
Valentinian II Valentinian II Flavius Valentinianus Iunior , known usually by his anglicised name, Valentinian II, was a Roman Emperor from 375 to 392.... FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS JVNIOR AVGVSTVS	371 AD, Milan Milan Milan is the second largest city of Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. It is the capital in the Province of Milan, as well as the Regions of Italy capital of Lombardy.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	17 November 375 AD - 15 May392 AD	Son of Valentinian I Valentinian I Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, was Roman Emperor from 364 until his death. Valentinian is often referred to as the "last great western emperor".... , proclaimed emperor by Pannonian army after Valentinian's death; accepted as co-Augustus for the west by Gratian Gratian Flavius Gratianus , known usually by the anglicised name Gratian, was a Western Roman Emperor from 375 to 383.He favoured the Christian religion against Roman polytheism, refusing the traditional polytheistic attributes of the emperors and removing the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate....	15 May 392 AD Unclear; possibly murdered or committed suicide

Theodosian dynasty

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Died
Theodosius I Theodosius I Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great , was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire.... FLAVIVS THEODOSIVS AVGVSTVS	11 January 347 AD, Cauca Coca, Segovia Coca is a municipality in the Segovia , central Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 50 kilometres from the provincial capital city of Segovia. Coca is known for its 15th Century Mud?jar castle.... , Hispania Hispania Hispania was the name given by the Ancient Rome to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula . When Rome was a Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into Roman provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior....	1 January 379 AD - 17 January 395 AD	Appointed as Augustus for the east by Gratian Gratian Flavius Gratianus , known usually by the anglicised name Gratian, was a Western Roman Emperor from 375 to 383.He favoured the Christian religion against Roman polytheism, refusing the traditional polytheistic attributes of the emperors and removing the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate.... after the death of Valens Valens Flamin Julius Valens was Roman Emperor , after he was given the Eastern part of the empire by his brother Valentinian I. Valens, sometimes known as the Last of the Romans, was defeated and killed in the Battle of Adrianople, which marked the beginning of the fall of the Western Roman Empire.... ; became sole 'senior' Augustus after death of Valentinian II Valentinian II Flavius Valentinianus Iunior , known usually by his anglicised name, Valentinian II, was a Roman Emperor from 375 to 392....	17 January 395 AD Natural causes
Arcadius Arcadius Flavius Arcadius was Roman Emperors in the Eastern half of the Roman Empire from 395 until his death.Arcadius was born in Spain, the elder son of Theodosius I and Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of Flavius Augustus Honorius, who would become a Western Roman Emperor.... FLAVIVS ARCADIVS AVGVSTVS EAST	c. 377 AD, Hispania Hispania Hispania was the name given by the Ancient Rome to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula . When Rome was a Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into Roman provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior....	January 383 AD - 1 May 408 AD	Son of Theodosius I Theodosius I Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great , was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire.... ; appointed as 'junior' Augustus for the east by Theodosius in 383 (after the death of Gratian Gratian Flavius Gratianus , known usually by the anglicised name Gratian, was a Western Roman Emperor from 375 to 383.He favoured the Christian religion against Roman polytheism, refusing the traditional polytheistic attributes of the emperors and removing the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate.... ); became 'senior' Augustus for the east after his father's death	1 May 408 AD Natural causes
Honorius Honorius (emperor) Flavius Honorius was Roman Emperor and then Western Roman Empire from 395 until his death. He was the younger son of Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of the Eastern Emperor Arcadius.... FLAVIVS HONORIVS AVGVSTVS WEST	9 September 384 AD, ?	23 January 393 AD - 15 August 423 AD	Son of Theodosius I Theodosius I Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great , was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire.... ; appointed as 'junior' Augustus for the west by Theodosius in 393 (after the death of Valentinian II Valentinian II Flavius Valentinianus Iunior , known usually by his anglicised name, Valentinian II, was a Roman Emperor from 375 to 392.... ); became 'senior' Augustus for the west after his father's death	15 August 423 AD Natural causes
Theodosius II Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius , called the Calligrapher, known in English as Theodosius II, was an Eastern Roman Empire , mostly known for the law code bearing his name, the Codex Theodosianus, and the Walls of Constantinople#The Theodosian Walls of Constantinople built during his reign.... FLAVIVS THEODOSIVS AVGVSTVS EAST	10 April 401 AD, Constantinople Constantinople Constantinople was the empire capital of the Roman Empire , the Byzantine Empire , the Latin Empire , and the Ottoman Empire . Strategically located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara at the point where Europe meets Asia, Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christendom empire, successor to ancient ancient Greece... ?	1 May 408 AD - 28 July 450 AD	Son of Arcadius Arcadius Flavius Arcadius was Roman Emperors in the Eastern half of the Roman Empire from 395 until his death.Arcadius was born in Spain, the elder son of Theodosius I and Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of Flavius Augustus Honorius, who would become a Western Roman Emperor.... , succeeded to the throne after his father's death	28 July 450 AD Natural causes
Constantius III Constantius III Flavius Constantius , whose name is traditionally anglicised as Constantius III, was a late Roman general, politician, and Roman Emperor. He was the power behind the throne for much of the 410s, and in 421 briefly became co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire with Honorius .... FLAVIVS CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS WEST	?, Naissus, Moesia Superior	8 February 421 AD - 2 September 421 AD	Married to Theodosius I Theodosius I Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great , was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire.... 's daughter Galla Placidia Galla Placidia File:Aelia Galla Placidia.jpgAelia Galla Placidia was the Empress consort of Constantius III, Western Roman Empire.... , elevated to co-Augustus for the west by Honorius Honorius Honorius may refer to:* Honorius , western Roman emperor 395-423* Honorius of Canterbury , archbishop of Canterbury 627-655* Honoratus of Amiens , bishop of Amiens...	2 September 421 AD Natural causes
Joannes Joannes Ioannes, known in English as Joannes, was a Roman usurper against Valentinian III.On the death of the Emperor Honorius , Theodosius II, the remaining ruler of the House of Theodosius hesitated in announcing his uncle's death.... WEST	?	27 August 423 AD - May 425 AD	A senior civil servant under Honorius Honorius Honorius may refer to:* Honorius , western Roman emperor 395-423* Honorius of Canterbury , archbishop of Canterbury 627-655* Honoratus of Amiens , bishop of Amiens... , proclaimed emperor by Castinus Castinus Flavius Castinus held the Patrician#Patrician_position in the court of Roman Emperor Honorius at the time of his death, and most likely for some time before.... ; initially undisputed	2 September 421 AD Deafeated in battle by Theodosius II Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius , called the Calligrapher, known in English as Theodosius II, was an Eastern Roman Empire , mostly known for the law code bearing his name, the Codex Theodosianus, and the Walls of Constantinople#The Theodosian Walls of Constantinople built during his reign.... and Valentinian III Valentinian III Flavius Placidus Valentinianus , known in English as Valentinian III, was among the last Western Roman Emperors .... , captured and executed
Valentinian III Valentinian III Flavius Placidus Valentinianus , known in English as Valentinian III, was among the last Western Roman Emperors .... FLAVIVS PLACIDIVS VALENTINIANVS AVGVSTVS WEST	2 July 419 AD, Ravenna Ravenna Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. Ravenna once served as the seat of the Western Roman Empire and later the Ostrogoths and the Exarchate of Ravenna.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	23 October 424 AD - 16 March 455 AD	Son of Constantius III Constantius III Flavius Constantius , whose name is traditionally anglicised as Constantius III, was a late Roman general, politician, and Roman Emperor. He was the power behind the throne for much of the 410s, and in 421 briefly became co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire with Honorius .... , appointed Caesar for the west by Theodosius II Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius , called the Calligrapher, known in English as Theodosius II, was an Eastern Roman Empire , mostly known for the law code bearing his name, the Codex Theodosianus, and the Walls of Constantinople#The Theodosian Walls of Constantinople built during his reign.... after the death of Honorius Honorius Honorius may refer to:* Honorius , western Roman emperor 395-423* Honorius of Canterbury , archbishop of Canterbury 627-655* Honoratus of Amiens , bishop of Amiens... , in opposition to the Joannes Joannes Ioannes, known in English as Joannes, was a Roman usurper against Valentinian III.On the death of the Emperor Honorius , Theodosius II, the remaining ruler of the House of Theodosius hesitated in announcing his uncle's death.... ; became Augustus for the west after the defeat of Joannes	16 March 455 AD Assassinated, possibly at the behest of Petronius Maximus Petronius Maximus Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus , was a Roman Empire aristocrat, and briefly Western Roman Emperor with the designation and name Dominus Noster Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus Augustus during part of the year 455, more exactly between March 17, 455 and May 31, 455....
Marcian Marcian Flavius Marcianus, known in English as Marcian, was the List of Byzantine Emperors of the Byzantine Empire from 450 until his death. Marcian's rule marked a recovery of the Eastern Empire, which the emperor protected from external menaces and reformed economically and financially.... FLAVIVS MARCIANIUS AVGVSTVS EAST	396 396 Events... , Thrace Thrace Thrace is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. Today the name Thrace designates a region spread over southern Bulgaria , northeastern Greece , and European Turkey .... or Illyria Illyria 'Illyria' was in Classical antiquity a region in the western part of today's Balkan Peninsula, inhabited by tribes of Illyrians, an ancient people who spoke the Illyrian languages....	Summer 450 AD - January 457 AD	Nominated as successor (and husband) by Pulcheria Pulcheria Aelia Pulcheria was the daughter of the List of Byzantine Emperors Arcadius and Aelia Eudoxia.As the elder sister of Theodosius II, she held much of the power when he came to the throne as a child in 408.... , sister of Theodosius II Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius , called the Calligrapher, known in English as Theodosius II, was an Eastern Roman Empire , mostly known for the law code bearing his name, the Codex Theodosianus, and the Walls of Constantinople#The Theodosian Walls of Constantinople built during his reign....	January 457 AD Natural causes

The last emperors of the Western Empire

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Portrait	Died
Petronius Maximus Petronius Maximus Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus , was a Roman Empire aristocrat, and briefly Western Roman Emperor with the designation and name Dominus Noster Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus Augustus during part of the year 455, more exactly between March 17, 455 and May 31, 455.... FLAVIVS ANICIVS PETRONIVS MAXIMVS AVGVSTVS	c. 396 AD, ?	17 March 455 AD - 31 May 455 AD	Proclaimed himself emperor with the support of the army, after the death of Valentinian III Valentinian III Flavius Placidus Valentinianus , known in English as Valentinian III, was among the last Western Roman Emperors ....		31 May 455 AD Murdered, probably stoned to death by the Roman mob
Avitus Avitus Eparchius Avitus was Western Roman Emperor with the designation and name Dominus Noster Eparchius Avitus Augustus .Made magister militum by Emperor Petronius Maximus, Avitus was sent on a diplomatic mission to his old student, Theodoric II King of the Visigoths, and was at Theodoric's court in Toulouse when Gaiseric invaded Rom... EPARCHIVS AVITVS AVGVSTVS	c. 385 AD, ?	9 July 455 AD - 17 October 456 AD	Magister militum Magister militum *Magister militum* was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine I . Used alone, the term referred to the senior military officer of the Empire.... under Petronius Maximus Petronius Maximus Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus , was a Roman Empire aristocrat, and briefly Western Roman Emperor with the designation and name Dominus Noster Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus Augustus during part of the year 455, more exactly between March 17, 455 and May 31, 455.... , proclaimed emperor by the Visigoth Visigoth The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe, the Ostrogoths being the other. Together these tribes were among the barbarians who disturbed the late Roman Empire during the Migration Period.... king Theoderic after Petronius's death		after 17 October 456 AD Deposed by his Magister militum, Ricimer Ricimer Ricimer was a Germanic general who was master of the Western Roman Empire during part of the fifth century.Ricimer was an Arianism Christian, the son of a prince of the Suebi.... ; became bishop of Placentia Placentia Placentia may refer to:* Palace of Placentia, an English Royal Palace* Placentia, California, United States* Placentia, Italy* Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada... ; murdered at some point afterwards
Majorian Majorian Julius Valerius Maiorianus , commonly known as Majorian, was Western Roman Emperor .He had distinguished himself as a general by victories over the Franks and Alamanni, and six months after the deposition of Avitus he was declared emperor by the regent Ricimer, which created problems with Emperor Leo I in Constantinople who declared... IVLIVS VALERIVS MAIORIANVS AVGVSTVS	November 420 AD, ?	April 457 AD - 2 August 461 AD	Appointed emperor by Ricimer Ricimer Ricimer was a Germanic general who was master of the Western Roman Empire during part of the fifth century.Ricimer was an Arianism Christian, the son of a prince of the Suebi....		7 August 461 AD Deposed by his troops (probably at the behest of Ricimer Ricimer Ricimer was a Germanic general who was master of the Western Roman Empire during part of the fifth century.Ricimer was an Arianism Christian, the son of a prince of the Suebi.... ); died shortly afterwards in unclear circumstances
Libius Severus Libius Severus Flavius Libius Severus Serpentius was a Western Roman Emperor, 461–465.Ricimer elevated Libius Severus, of Lucanian origin, to the rank of emperor after the death of Majorian in November 461; the Eastern Roman Emperor Leo I refused to acknowledge him.... LIBIVS SEVERVS AVGVSTVS	?, Lucania Lucania Lucania was an ancient district of southern Italy, extending from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto. To the north it adjoined Campania, Samnium and Apulia, and to the south it was separated by a narrow isthmus from the district of Bruttium.... , Italia Italia (Roman province) Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....	November 461 AD - August 465 AD	Appointed emperor by Ricimer Ricimer Ricimer was a Germanic general who was master of the Western Roman Empire during part of the fifth century.Ricimer was an Arianism Christian, the son of a prince of the Suebi....		August 465 AD Probably assassinated by Ricimer
Anthemius Anthemius Flavius Procopius Anthemius was a Western Roman Empire from 12 April 467 until his death. Perhaps the last able emperor, Anthemius attempted to solve the two primary military challenges facing the remains of the Western Roman Empire: the resurgent Visigoths, under Euric, whose domain straddled the Pyrenees; and the unvanquished Vandals, unde... PROCOPIVS ANTHEMIVS AVGVSTVS	c. 420 AD	12 April 467 AD - 11 July 472 AD	Appointed emperor by Ricimer Ricimer Ricimer was a Germanic general who was master of the Western Roman Empire during part of the fifth century.Ricimer was an Arianism Christian, the son of a prince of the Suebi.... , with the backing of the eastern emperor Leo I Leo I Leo I may refer to:Saint Pope Leo IByzantine Emperor Leo I the ThracianKing Leo I of ArmeniaLEO I, a computer*Leo I , a dwarf galaxy that orbits the Milky Way Galaxy....		11 July 472 AD Executed by Ricimer
Olybrius Olybrius Flavius Anicius Olybrius After the Sack of Rome by the Vandals King Geiseric in 455, Olybrius fled to Constantinople, where in 464 he was made Roman consul, and about the same time ca 454 married Placidia, daughter of Valentinian III and Licinia Eudoxia.... FLAVIVS ANICIVS OLYBRIVS AVGVSTVS	c. 420 AD	11 July 472 AD] - 2 November 472 AD	Son-in-law of Valentinian III Valentinian III Flavius Placidus Valentinianus , known in English as Valentinian III, was among the last Western Roman Emperors .... ; appointed emperor by Ricimer Ricimer Ricimer was a Germanic general who was master of the Western Roman Empire during part of the fifth century.Ricimer was an Arianism Christian, the son of a prince of the Suebi....		2 November 472 AD Natural causes
Glycerius Glycerius Flavius Glycerius was one of the last of the Western Roman Emperors and later served as a bishop in the early Catholicism Church....	?	March 473 AD - June 474 AD	Appointed emperor by Gundobad Gundobad Gundobad, Patrician of the Western Roman Empire also became King of Burgundy , after his father Gundioc of Burgundy, though he had to fight off three brothers to seize his title.... (Ricimer Ricimer Ricimer was a Germanic general who was master of the Western Roman Empire during part of the fifth century.Ricimer was an Arianism Christian, the son of a prince of the Suebi.... 's successor)		after 480 AD Deposed by Julius Nepos Julius Nepos Flavius Julius Nepos was a Roman Emperor of the West during the Roman Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Some historians consider him to be the last De jure Western Emperor, others consider the western line to have ended with Romulus Augustus in 476.... , became Bishop of Salona Salona Salona was an ancient Illyrian Delmati city in the first millennium Before Christ. After conquest by the Romans, Salona became the capital of the Roman Empire province of Dalmatia.... , time and manner of death unknown
Julius Nepos Julius Nepos Flavius Julius Nepos was a Roman Emperor of the West during the Roman Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Some historians consider him to be the last De jure Western Emperor, others consider the western line to have ended with Romulus Augustus in 476....	c. 430 AD, ?	June 474 AD - 28 August 475 AD (in Italy); - Spring 480 AD (in Gaul and Dalmatia)	Nephew-in-law of the eastern emperor Leo I Leo I Leo I may refer to:Saint Pope Leo IByzantine Emperor Leo I the ThracianKing Leo I of ArmeniaLEO I, a computerLeo I , a dwarf galaxy that orbits the Milky Way Galaxy.... , appointed emperor in opposition to Glycerius Glycerius Flavius Glycerius* was one of the last of the Western Roman Emperors and later served as a bishop in the early Catholicism Church....	\|	480 AD Deposed in italy by Flavius Orestes Flavius Orestes Flavius Orestes was a Roman politician, who was briefly in control of the Western Roman Empire in 475–6.... , ruled in exile until assassination in 480
Romulus Augustus	?	31 October 475 AD - 4 September 476 AD (in Italy)	Appointed by his father, Flavius Orestes Flavius Orestes Flavius Orestes was a Roman politician, who was briefly in control of the Western Roman Empire in 475–6....		after 480 AD Deposed by Odoacer Odoacer Odoacer , also known as Odovacar , was a Germanic general and the first non-Roman King of Italy after 476. He deposed the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, that year, but continued to rule first as a nominal client of Julius Nepos and, after Nepos' death in AD 480, as a client of the Eastern Roman Emperor.... , who then ruled in the name of Julius Nepos Julius Nepos Flavius Julius Nepos was a Roman Emperor of the West during the Roman Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Some historians consider him to be the last De jure Western Emperor, others consider the western line to have ended with Romulus Augustus in 476.... until the latter's death, which formally ended the western empire; fate unknown

The Emperors of the Eastern Empire

Leonid Dynasty

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Died
Leo I FLAVIVS VALERIVS LEO AVGVSTVS	401 AD, ?	7 February 457 AD - 18 January 474 AD	Proclaimed emperor by the Magister militum Magister militum *Magister militum* was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine I . Used alone, the term referred to the senior military officer of the Empire.... Aspar Aspar Flavius Ardabur Aspar , an Alans, was patrician and magister militum of the Eastern Roman Empire.Son of the magister Ardaburius, Aspar played a crucial role in his father's expedition in 424 to defeat the western roman usurper, Joannes of Ravenna, and to install Galla Placidia and her son, Valentinian III, in his place.... after Marcian's death	18 January 474 AD Natural causes
Leo II Leo II (emperor) Flavius Leo Iunior or Leo II served as List of Byzantine Emperors from January 18 to November 17, 474. He was the son of Zeno and Ariadne .... FLAVIVS LEO IVNIOR AVGVSTVS	467 AD, Constantinople Constantinople Constantinople was the empire capital of the Roman Empire , the Byzantine Empire , the Latin Empire , and the Ottoman Empire . Strategically located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara at the point where Europe meets Asia, Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christendom empire, successor to ancient ancient Greece... ?	18 January 474 AD - 17 November 474 AD	Grandson of Leo I by his daughter Ariadne (empress) Ariadne (empress) Aelia Ariadne was the the Empress consort of Zeno and Anastasius I of the Byzantine Empire....	17 November 474 AD Unclear, possibly assassinated
Zeno Zeno (emperor) Flavius Zeno Perpetuus, original name Tarasicodissa or Trascalissaeus, Eastern Roman Empire was one of the more prominent of the early Byzantine Emperors.... FLAVIVS ZENO PERPETVVS AVGVSTVS	425 AD, Isauria Isauria Isauria , in ancient geography, is a rugged isolated district in the interior of South Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods, but generally covering much of what is now Konya/Bozkir province of Turkey, or the core of the Mount Taurus....	9 February 474 AD - 9 January 475 AD & August 476 AD - 9 April 491 AD	Father of Leo II LEO II LEO II may refer to:* Leo II , a Byzantine emperor* LEO computer, an early computer developed for use in business applications* Leo II , a dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way...	9 April 491 AD Natural causes
Basiliscus Basiliscus Flavius Basiliscus was an Eastern Roman Emperor of the House of Leo, who ruled briefly , when Emperor Zeno had been forced out of Constantinople by a revolt.... FLAVIVS BASILISCVS AVGVSTVS	?	9 January 475 AD - August 476 AD	Brother-in-law of Leo I, seized power during a plot against Zeno Zeno (emperor) Flavius Zeno Perpetuus, original name Tarasicodissa or Trascalissaeus, Eastern Roman Empire was one of the more prominent of the early Byzantine Emperors.... by Verina Verina Aelia Verina was the Empress consort of Leo I of the Byzantine Empire. She was a sister of Basiliscus. Her daughter Ariadne was Empress consort of first Zeno and then Anastasius I .... (Leo I's widow and Basiliscus's sister)	August 476 AD Defeated, captured and executed by Zeno Zeno (emperor) Flavius Zeno Perpetuus, original name Tarasicodissa or Trascalissaeus, Eastern Roman Empire was one of the more prominent of the early Byzantine Emperors....
Anastasius I Anastasius I (emperor) Flavius Anastasius or Anastasius I was Byzantine Emperor from 11 April 491 until his death. He was born at Dyrrhachium not later than 430/431.... FLAVIVS ANASTASIVS AVGVSTVS	c. 430 AD, Dyrrachium	9 April 491 AD - 9 July 518 AD	Selected by Ariadne Ariadne Ariadne, in Greek mythology , was daughter of Monarch Minos of Crete and his queen, Pasipha?, daughter of Helios, the Sun-titan. She aided Theseus in overcoming the Minotaur and later became the bride of the god Dionysus.... as successor to Zeno (as both emperor and husband)	9 July 518 518 For the area code see area code 518.... Natural causes

Justinian Dynasty

Name	Born	Reigned	Succession	Died
Justin I Justin I Flavius Iustinus , known in English as Justin I, was a List of Byzantine Emperors , who rose through the ranks of the army of the Byzantine Empire and ultimately became its emperor, in spite of the fact he was illiterate and almost seventy years old at the time of accession.... FLAVIVS IVSTINVS AVGVSTVS	c. 450 AD, Naissus	9 July 518 AD - 1 August 527 AD	Commander of the palace guard under Anastasius I) Anastasius I (emperor) Flavius Anastasius or Anastasius I was Byzantine Emperor from 11 April 491 until his death. He was born at Dyrrhachium not later than 430/431.... ; elected as emperor with support of army	1 August 527 AD Natural causes
Justinian I Justinian I Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus , AD 482 or 483 ? 13 or 14 November 565, was the second member of the Justinian Dynasty and List of Roman Emperors from 527 until his death.... FLAVIVS PETRVS SABBATIVS IVSTINIANVS AVGVSTVS	c. 482 AD, Tauresium Tauresium Tauresium is a fortified settlement from the Early Byzantine empire period . The ancient town was the birthplace of Emperor Justinian I. It is located in Zelenikovo Municipality near Skopje, Republic of Macedonia and it was later renamed "Justiniana Prima" in his honor.... , Dardania Dardania Dardania may refer to:* Dardania , the Dardanelles separating Thrace from Anatolia* Dardania , in the Balkans of Southeast Europe...	1 August 527 AD - 13/14 November 565 AD	Nephew and nominated heir of Justin I Justin I Flavius Iustinus , known in English as Justin I, was a List of Byzantine Emperors , who rose through the ranks of the army of the Byzantine Empire and ultimately became its emperor, in spite of the fact he was illiterate and almost seventy years old at the time of accession....	13/14 November 565 AD Natural causes
Justin II Justin II Flavius Iustinus Augustus was Eastern Roman emperor from 565 to 578. He was the nephew of Justinian I, and husband of Sophia , the niece of the late empress Theodora , and therefore member of the Justinian Dynasty.... FLAVIVS IVSTINIVS IVNIOR AVGVSTVS	c. 520 AD, ?	13/14 November 565 AD - 578 AD	Nephew of Justinian I Justinian I Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus , AD 482 or 483 ? 13 or 14 November 565, was the second member of the Justinian Dynasty and List of Roman Emperors from 527 until his death....	578 AD Became insane; Tiberius II Constantine Tiberius II Constantine Flavius Tiberius Constantinus Augustus or Tiberius II Constantine, known in Greek as Tiberios Konstantinos was a Byzantine emperor of the Justinian Dynasty.... ruled as regent from December 574 and became emperor on Justin's death in 578

External links

.
by Yves Lassard and Alexandr Koptev.

List of Roman Emperors

The Principate

Julio-Claudian dynasty

Year of the Four Emperors & Flavian Dynasty

Nervan-Antonian dynasty

Year of the Five Emperors & Severan dynasty

Emperors during the Crisis of the Third Century

The Dominate

Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty

Valentinian dynasty

Theodosian dynasty

The last emperors of the Western Empire

The Emperors of the Eastern Empire

Leonid Dynasty

Justinian Dynasty

See also

External links