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Friedrich W. Solmsen (January 25, 1905 – January 30, 1989) was a philologist
Philology

Philology, derived from the Greek language considers both morphology and Meaning in linguistic expression, combining linguistics and literary studies....
 and professor
Professor

The meaning of the word professor varies. In some English-speaking countries, it refers to a senior academic who holds a departmental chair, especially as head of the Academic department, or a personal chair awarded specifically to that individual....
 of classical studies
Classics

Classics is the branch of the Humanities comprising the languages, literature, philosophy, history, art, and other culture of the ancient Mediterranean World; especially Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome during Classical Antiquity ....
. His edition of Hesiod
Hesiod

Hesiod was a Greek language oral poet, his date is uncertain but leading scholars agree that Hesiod lived in the latter half of the Eighth-century BCE....
 is considered definitive. He published nearly 150 books, monograph
Monograph

A monograph is a work of writing upon a single subject, usually also by a single author. It is often a scholarly essay or learned treatise, and may be released in the manner of a book, journal article, editorial or written rant....
s, scholarly
Scholarly method

Scholarly method — or as it is more commonly called, scholarship — is the body of principles and practices used by scholars to make their claims about the world as valid and trustworthy as possible, and to make them known to the scholarly public....
 articles
Article (publishing)

An article is a stand-alone section of a larger written work. These nonfictional prose compositions appear in magazines, newspapers, academic journals, the Internet or any other type of publication....
, and review
Review

A review is an evaluation of a publication, such as a film, video game, musical composition, book, or a piece of hardware like a car, appliance, or computer....
s from the 1930s through the 1980s. Solmsen's work is characterized by a prevailing interest in the history of ideas
History of ideas

The history of ideas is a field of research in history that deals with the expression, preservation, and change of human ideas over time. The history of ideas is a sister-discipline to, or a particular approach within, intellectual history....
. He was an influential scholar in the areas of Greek tragedy, particularly for his work on Aeschylus
Aeschylus

Aeschylus was an Ancient Greece playwright. He is often recognized as the father or the founder of tragedy, and is the earliest of the three Greek tragedy whose Play survive extant, the others being Sophocles and Euripides....
, and the philosophy of the physical
History of physics

Physics is the science of matter and its behaviour and motion. It is one of the oldest scientific disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy....
 world and its relation to the soul, especially the systems of Plato
Plato

Plato , was a Classical Greece Greeks philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Platonic Academy in Ancient Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the western world....
 and Aristotle
Aristotle

Aristotle was a Greeks philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, Poetics , theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology....
.

drich Solmsen, sometimes called "Fritz" by friends and intimates, was born and educated in Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
.






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Friedrich W. Solmsen (January 25, 1905 – January 30, 1989) was a philologist
Philology

Philology, derived from the Greek language considers both morphology and Meaning in linguistic expression, combining linguistics and literary studies....
 and professor
Professor

The meaning of the word professor varies. In some English-speaking countries, it refers to a senior academic who holds a departmental chair, especially as head of the Academic department, or a personal chair awarded specifically to that individual....
 of classical studies
Classics

Classics is the branch of the Humanities comprising the languages, literature, philosophy, history, art, and other culture of the ancient Mediterranean World; especially Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome during Classical Antiquity ....
. His edition of Hesiod
Hesiod

Hesiod was a Greek language oral poet, his date is uncertain but leading scholars agree that Hesiod lived in the latter half of the Eighth-century BCE....
 is considered definitive. He published nearly 150 books, monograph
Monograph

A monograph is a work of writing upon a single subject, usually also by a single author. It is often a scholarly essay or learned treatise, and may be released in the manner of a book, journal article, editorial or written rant....
s, scholarly
Scholarly method

Scholarly method — or as it is more commonly called, scholarship — is the body of principles and practices used by scholars to make their claims about the world as valid and trustworthy as possible, and to make them known to the scholarly public....
 articles
Article (publishing)

An article is a stand-alone section of a larger written work. These nonfictional prose compositions appear in magazines, newspapers, academic journals, the Internet or any other type of publication....
, and review
Review

A review is an evaluation of a publication, such as a film, video game, musical composition, book, or a piece of hardware like a car, appliance, or computer....
s from the 1930s through the 1980s. Solmsen's work is characterized by a prevailing interest in the history of ideas
History of ideas

The history of ideas is a field of research in history that deals with the expression, preservation, and change of human ideas over time. The history of ideas is a sister-discipline to, or a particular approach within, intellectual history....
. He was an influential scholar in the areas of Greek tragedy, particularly for his work on Aeschylus
Aeschylus

Aeschylus was an Ancient Greece playwright. He is often recognized as the father or the founder of tragedy, and is the earliest of the three Greek tragedy whose Play survive extant, the others being Sophocles and Euripides....
, and the philosophy of the physical
History of physics

Physics is the science of matter and its behaviour and motion. It is one of the oldest scientific disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy....
 world and its relation to the soul, especially the systems of Plato
Plato

Plato , was a Classical Greece Greeks philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Platonic Academy in Ancient Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the western world....
 and Aristotle
Aristotle

Aristotle was a Greeks philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, Poetics , theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology....
.

Life and career

Friedrich Solmsen, sometimes called "Fritz" by friends and intimates, was born and educated in Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
. He was among the "Graeca" of Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff

Enno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was a Germany Classical philology. Wilamowitz, as he is known in scholarly circles, was a renowned authority on Ancient Greece and its literature....
, the Graeca being a group of "young scholars" who met in his home during his last decade of life. In an essay
Essay

An essay is usually a short piece of writing. It is often written from an author's personal Perspective . Essays can be literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author....
 fifty years later, Solmsen recalled those years and the legendary philologist in a biographical
Biography

A biography is a description of someone's life, usually published in the form of a book or essay, or in some other form, such as a film. An autobiography is a biography by the same person it is about....
 sketch that combines politico-historical perspective, sociology of academia
Academia

Academia, Academe, or the Academy are collective terms for the community of students and scholars engaged in higher education and research....
, and personal, sometimes wry observations. "I do not recall Wilamowitz ever laughing aloud
Laughter

Laughter is an audible expression , or appearance of merriment or happiness, or an inward feeling of joy and pleasure . It may ensue from jokes, tickling, and other stimuli....
," he mused in a footnote
Footnote

A footnote is a note of text placed at the bottom of a page in a book or document. The note comments on and/or may citation a reference for part of the main body of text....
d aside. "Nor did he ever grin." Solmsen was also a student of Eduard Norden, Otto Regenbogen, and Werner Jaeger
Werner Jaeger

Werner Wilhelm Jaeger was a classics of the 20th century.Jaeger was born in Lobberich, Rhenish Prussia. He attended school at Lobberich and at the Gymnasium Thomaeum in Kempen before studying at the University of Marburg....
, to the three of whom along with Wilamowitz he dedicated the first volume of his collected papers. He was one of the last people to whom the terminally ill Wilamowitz addressed correspondence.

Solmsen was not untouched by the compromises of intellectual life in the Germany of the 1920s-1930s. The classicist
Classics

Classics is the branch of the Humanities comprising the languages, literature, philosophy, history, art, and other culture of the ancient Mediterranean World; especially Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome during Classical Antiquity ....
 and historian of scholarship William M. Calder III produced documentation that indicates, in his view, Norden's complicity when Solmsen was let go from his academic position on the grounds that he was "non-aryan
Aryan

Aryan is an English language loanword. As the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language states at the beginning of its definition, "[it] is one of the ironies of history that Aryan, a word nowadays referring to the blond-haired, blue-eyed physical ideal of Nazi Germany, originally referred to a people who looked vastly di...
." Calder also rebuked Solmsen for signing, along with six other scholars, a published letter objecting to a 1981 article by Calder calling Jaeger and Richard Harder "reluctant fellow-travelers to Fascism
European fascist ideologies

The European fascist ideologies present during the 20th century are numerous and all developed their own differences from each other. Fascism was born in Kingdom of Italy and subsequently, across Europe several movements which took influence from it emerged....
". Also a student of Wilamowitz, Calder has characterized Solmsen's essay on their teacher as "the recollection of an adoring student" and his assessment of the philologist's relations with Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a 19th century philosophy Germans philosophy and classical philology. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy, and science, using a distinctive German language style and displaying a fondness for metaphor and aphorism....
 as "ignorant and vulgar" — remarks which have been taken to reveal the fine line between "psychologizing," as the classicist Hugh Lloyd-Jones
Hugh Lloyd-Jones

Sir Hugh Lloyd-Jones is a British classical scholar and Regius Professor of Greek at Oxford University.He contributed editions of Menander Dyskolos and Sophocles to the Oxford Classical Texts, and editions and translations of the Aeschylus fragments and Sophocles to the Loeb Classical Library....
 termed it, and ad hominem
Ad hominem

An ad hominem logical argument, also known as argumentum ad hominem consists of replying to an argument or factual claim by attacking or appealing to a characteristic or belief of the source making the argument or claim, rather than by addressing the substance of the argument or producing evidence against the claim....
 criticism.

Solmsen's dissertation on Aristotelian logic
Organon

The Organon is the name given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics, to the standard collection of his six works on logic. The works are Categories , Prior Analytics, De Interpretatione, Posterior Analytics, Sophistical Refutations, and Topics ....
 and rhetoric
Rhetoric (Aristotle)

Aristotle's Rhetoric is an ancient Greek treatise on the art of persuasion, dating from the fourth century BCE. In Greek, it is titled ?????S ????????S, in Latin Ars Rhetorica. In English, its title varies: typically it is titled the Rhetoric, the Art of Rhetoric, or a Treatise on Rhetoric....
 was published in 1928. He left Germany to escape Nazism
Nazism

Nazism, officially National Socialism , refers to the ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Workers? Party under Adolf Hitler, and the policies adopted by the dictatorial government of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945....
 in the mid-1930s, and after a time in England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 came to the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, where he taught at Olivet College
Olivet College

Olivet College is a coeducational, Christian, liberal arts college located in Olivet, Michigan, Michigan, 30 miles south of Lansing and 125 miles west of Detroit....
 (1937–1940) in Michigan
Michigan

Michigan is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Anishinaabe language term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
. He then moved to Cornell University
Cornell University

Cornell University located in Ithaca, New York, USA, is a private university with four Statutory college. Its two medical campuses are in New York City and Education City, Qatar....
, becoming chair of the classics department
Academic department

An academic department is a division of a university or school Faculty devoted to a particular academic discipline. This article covers United States usage at the university level....
. He taught at Cornell for twenty-two years. Among his courses was "Foundations of Western Thought," which explored the history of philosophical, scientific and religious ideas from early Greece
Ancient Greece

The term Ancient Greece refers to the period of History of Greece lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca. 1100 BC and the Dorian invasion, to 146 BC and the Roman Republic conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth ....
 through the Hellenistic
Hellenistic period

The Hellenistic period describes the era which followed the conquests of Alexander the Great. During this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its zenith in Europe and Asia....
 and Roman
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
 periods.

In 1962, he was named Moses Slaughter Professor of Classical Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. In 1972 he won the Goodwin Award of Merit, presented by the American Philological Association
American Philological Association

The American Philological Association , founded in 1869, is a non-profit North American scholarly organization devoted to all aspects of History of Greece and Ancient Rome civilization....
 for an outstanding contribution to classical scholarship, for his Oxford Classical Text
Oxford Classical Texts

Oxford Classical Texts , or Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis, is a series of books published by Oxford University Press. It contains texts of ancient Greek and Latin literature, such as Homer's Odyssey and Virgil's Aeneid, in the original language with a critical apparatus....
 edition of Hesiod's works, the Theogony
Theogony

The Theogony is a poem by Hesiod describing the origins and genealogy of the polytheism of the ancient Greeks, composed circa 700 BC....
, the Works and Days
Works and Days

Works and Days is a Greek poem of some 800 verses written by Hesiod . The poem revolves around two general truths: labour is the universal lot of Man, but he who is willing to work will get by....
, and The Shield of Heracles
The Shield of Heracles

The Shield of Heracles is a fragment of Greek Epic poem, of 481 lines of hexameters. The theme of the episode is the expedition of Heracles and Iolaus against Cycnus, the son of Ares, who challenged Heracles to combat as Heracles was passing near Itonus, told in a turgid and laboured diction; the section has apparently survived because...
. He retired in 1974.

In retirement, Solmsen lived in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Chapel Hill is a town in Orange County, North Carolina, North Carolina, United States and the home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , the oldest state-supported university in the U.S....
, and continued to publish. He gave occasional lectures at the University of North Carolina
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a public university research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, North Carolina, United States....
, conducted a National Endowment for the Humanities
National Endowment for the Humanities

The National Endowment for the Humanities is an independent federal agency of the United States established by the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 dedicated to supporting research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities....
 seminar, and led readings in Pindar
Pindar

Pindar , was an Ancient Greek Lyric poetry poet.Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, Pindar is the one whose work is by far the best preserved, and critics in antiquity tended to regard him as the greatest....
 and Plotinus
Plotinus

Plotinus was a major Philosophy of the ancient world who is widely considered the founder of Neoplatonism . Much of our biographical information about him comes from Porphyry 's preface to his edition of Plotinus' Enneads....
. The bulk of his library was donated to the university upon his death at the age of 84. He was survived by his wife, Lieselotte. Colleagues mourned him as "one of the last giants of the German tradition of classical humanism
Humanism

Humanism is a broad category of ethics that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationalism, without resorting to the supernatural or alleged divine authority from religious texts....
."

The Institute for Research in the Humanities
Humanities

The humanities are academic disciplines which study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytic, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural science and social sciences....
 at the University of Wisconsin offers four one-year fellow
Fellow

A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. Historically, the term fellow was also used to describe a man, particularly by those in the upper social classes....
ships in his name for postdoctoral
Postdoctoral researcher

A postdoctoral scholar is a temporary research position held by a person who has completed his or her Doctorate studies. Postdoctoral positions commonly last for periods ranging between six months and five years, and have traditionally been dedicated purely to research; however, so-called "teaching post-docs" are now being offered for those...
 work on literary and historical studies of the Classical
Classical antiquity

Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome....
, Medieval
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
, and Renaissance
Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
 periods to 1700. The fellowship fund was established by a bequest
Bequest

A bequest is the act of receiving property by will . Strictly, "bequest" is used of personal property, and "devise" of real property. It means the same thing as bequeath in legal terminology....
 from Friedrich and Lieselotte Solmsen.

Works

In his essay on Wilamowitz, Solmsen reflected on classical studies as a discipline
Discipline

In its most general sense, discipline refers to systematic instruction given to a disciple. This sense also preserves the origin of the word, which is Latin disciplina "instruction", from the root discere "to learn," and from which discipulus "disciple, pupil" also derives....
 and an intellectual pursuit within a broadly historical context. "The post-World-War-I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 generation for whom the value of the Classics had become a problem," he writes, "did not find [from Wilamowitz] an answer to their question what made ancient civilization particularly significant and worth intensive study," adding that Wilamowitz "did not realize the need of justifying their study to a generation for whom the continuity of a tradition that reached back to the age of Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

was a Germans writer and according to George Eliot, "Germany's greatest man of letters? and the last true polymath to walk the earth." Goethe's works span the fields of poetry, drama, literature, theology, philosophy, humanism and science....
 was weakened (though not completely broken) and whose outlook was still in the process of formation; many in fact were consciously striving for a new orientation."

The following bibliography
Bibliography

Bibliography , as a practice, is the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology ....
, arranged by topic
Subject

Subject may refer to:...
 and then chronologically
Chronology

Chronology is a chronicle or arrangement of events in their occurrence order. General chronology is the science of locating and resolution of temporal sequence of past events in time...
 within the topic, attempts to represent the range of Solmsen's contributions to scholarship but is by no means exhaustive. Omitted are most articles in German, reviews, and notes (i.e., articles of less than three pages). The articles are for the most part collected in his Kleine Schriften
Kleine Schriften

is a German language phrase often used as a title for a collection of Article and essays written by a single scholarly method over the course of a career....
, 3 vols. (Hildesheim 1968–1982).

siod and Homer

  • Hesiod
    Hesiod

    Hesiod was a Greek language oral poet, his date is uncertain but leading scholars agree that Hesiod lived in the latter half of the Eighth-century BCE....
     and Aeschylus    . Cornell University Press, 1949; republished with a new foreword by G.M. Kirkwood, 1995. ISBN 0801482747


  • "The Gift of Speech in Homer and Hesiod." Transactions of the American Philological Association 85 (1954) 1-15.


  • "Zur Theologie im grossen Aphrodite-Hymnus
    Homeric Hymns

    The thirty-three anonymous Homeric Hymns celebrating individual gods are a collection of ancient Greek language hymns, "Homeric" in the sense that they employ the same epic meter? dactylic hexameter? as the Iliad and Odyssey, use many similar formulas and are couched in the same dialect....
    ." Hermes 88 (1960) 1-13.


  • "Hesiodic Motifs in Plato." In Hésiode et son influence: six exposées et discussions, edited by Kurt von Fritz (Geneva: Fondation Hardt, 1962) 171-211.


  • "The Days of the Works and Days." Transactions of the American Philological Association 94 (1963) 293-320.


  • "Ilias
    ILiad

    The iLiad is an electronic handheld device, or e-book device, which can be used for document reading and editing. Like the Sony Reader or Amazon Kindle, the iLiad makes use of an electronic paper display....
     XVIII, 535-540." Hermes 93 (1965) 1-6.


  • Hesiodi Theogonia, Opera et Dies, Scutum (with selected fragments edited by R. Merkelbach and M.L. West
    Martin Litchfield West

    Martin Litchfield West is an internationally recognised scholar in classics, classical antiquity and philology. In 2002, upon his receipt of the Kenyon Medal for Classical Studies from the British Academy, he was called "the most brilliant and productive Greek scholar of his generation." He is an Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford,...
    ). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970. Second edition with a new appendix of fragments, 1983. Third edition, 1990. Oxford Classical Text
    Oxford Classical Texts

    Oxford Classical Texts , or Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis, is a series of books published by Oxford University Press. It contains texts of ancient Greek and Latin literature, such as Homer's Odyssey and Virgil's Aeneid, in the original language with a critical apparatus....
     edition of the Greek text of Hesiod
    Hesiod

    Hesiod was a Greek language oral poet, his date is uncertain but leading scholars agree that Hesiod lived in the latter half of the Eighth-century BCE....
    's Theogony
    Theogony

    The Theogony is a poem by Hesiod describing the origins and genealogy of the polytheism of the ancient Greeks, composed circa 700 BC....
    , Works and Days
    Works and Days

    Works and Days is a Greek poem of some 800 verses written by Hesiod . The poem revolves around two general truths: labour is the universal lot of Man, but he who is willing to work will get by....
    , and Shield (usually in translation as The Shield of Heracles
    The Shield of Heracles

    The Shield of Heracles is a fragment of Greek Epic poem, of 481 lines of hexameters. The theme of the episode is the expedition of Heracles and Iolaus against Cycnus, the son of Ares, who challenged Heracles to combat as Heracles was passing near Itonus, told in a turgid and laboured diction; the section has apparently survived because...
    ).


  • "Hesiodic f????s??
    Phronesis

    Phronesis in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics is the virtue of moral thought, usually translated "practical wisdom", sometimes as "prudence"....
    ." Classical Philology 71 (1976) 252-253.


  • "The Sacrifice of Agamemnon
    Agamemnon

    In Greek mythology, Agamemnon / is the son of King Atreus of Mycenae and Queen Aerope, the brother of Menelaus and the husband of Clytemnestra; different mythological versions make him the king either of Mycenae or of Argos....
    's Daughter in Hesiod's Ehoeae." American Journal of Philology 102 (1981) 353-358.


  • "The Earliest Stages in the History of Hesiod's Text." Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 86 (1982) 1-31.


  • "The Two Near Eastern Sources of Hesiod." Hermes 117 (1989) 413-422.


Greek tragedy

  • Euripides
    Euripides

    Euripides was the last of the three great tragedy of classical Athens . Ancient scholars thought that Euripides had written ninety-five plays, although four of those were probably written by Critias....
    '     Ion
    Ion (play)

    Ion is an ancient Greek play by Euripides, thought to be written between 414 and 412 BC. It follows the orphan Ionas in the discovery of his origins....
     im Vergleich mit anderen Tragödien. Berlin 1934.


  • "???µa and p???µa in Euripides' Helen
    Helen (play)

    Helen is a drama by Euripides, probably first produced in 412 BC for the Dionysia. The play shares much in common with another of Euripides' works, Iphigeneia in Tauris....
    ." Classical Review 48 (1934) 119–121.


  • "The Erinys
    Erinyes

    In Greek mythology the Erinyes or Eumenides or Furies in Roman mythology were female, chthonic deities of revenge or supernatural personifications of the anger of the dead....
     in Aischylos
    Aeschylus

    Aeschylus was an Ancient Greece playwright. He is often recognized as the father or the founder of tragedy, and is the earliest of the three Greek tragedy whose Play survive extant, the others being Sophocles and Euripides....
    ' Septem." Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 68 (1937) 197–211.


  • "Strata of Greek Religion in Aeschylus." Harvard Theological Review 40 (1947) 211–226.


  • Hesiod and Aeschylus. See under "Hesiod and Homer"
    Friedrich Solmsen

    Friedrich W. Solmsen was a Philology and professor of Classics. His Edition of Hesiod is considered definitive. He published nearly 150 books, monographs, Scholarly method Article , and reviews from the 1930s through the 1980s....
     (preceding).


  • Electra
    Electra

    In Greek mythology, Electra was an Argosian princess and daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and was a sibling to sisters Iphigeneia, Chrysothemis, and brother Orestes....
     and Orestes
    Orestes (mythology)

    In Greek mythology, Orestes was the son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon. He is the subject of several Ancient Greek theatre and of various legends connected with his madness and purification....
    : Three Recognitions in Greek Tragedy.     Berlin 1967.


  • "'Bad Shame' and Related Problems in Phaedra
    Phaedra (mythology)

    In Greek mythology, Phaedra is the daughter of Minos, wife of Theseus and the mother of Demophon and Acamas.Though married to Theseus, Phaedra fell in love with Hippolytus , Theseus' son born by Antiope, queen of the Amazons....
    's Speech (Eur. Hipp. 380-388)." Hermes 101 (1973) 420-425. On a passage from the Hippolytus
    Hippolytus (play)

    Hippolytus is an Ancient Greek drama tragedy by Euripides, based on the myth of Hippolytus , son of Theseus. The play was first produced for the City Dionysia of Athens in 428 BC and won first prize as part of a trilogy....
     of Euripides.


  • "F???, ?a?d?a, ???? in Greek tragedy." In Greek Poetry and Philosophy: Studies in Honour of Leonard Woodbury. Edited by Douglas E. Gerber. Scholars Press, 1984, pp. 265-274.


  • "???? e?d??a? ??? d??sa?: The Meaning of Sophocles
    Sophocles

    Sophocles was the second of the three classical Greece tragedy whose work has survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus and earlier than those of Euripides....
    ' Trachiniai
    The Trachiniae

    The Trachiniae or The Women of Trachis is a play by Sophocles, notable mainly for the unsympathetic portrayal of Heracles. As in the play Ajax , Sophocles has cast a well-known hero in a negative light....
     588-93." American Journal of Philology 106 (1985) 490-496.


Plato

  • "The Background of Plato
    Plato

    Plato , was a Classical Greece Greeks philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Platonic Academy in Ancient Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the western world....
    's Theology
    Theology

    Theology is the study of the existence or attributes of a deity or gods, or more generally the study of religion or spirituality. It is sometimes contrasted with religious studies: theology is understood as the study of religion from an internal perspective , and religious studies as the study of religion from an external perspective....
    ." Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 67 (1936) 208–218. On Book 10 of Plato's Laws
    Laws (dialogue)

    The Laws is Plato's last and longest dialogue. The question asked at the beginning is not "What is law?" as one would expect. That is the question of the Minos ....
    .


  • "Plato and the Unity of Science." Philosophical Review 49 (1940) 566–571.


  • Plato
    Plato

    Plato , was a Classical Greece Greeks philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Platonic Academy in Ancient Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the western world....
    's Theology
    Theology

    Theology is the study of the existence or attributes of a deity or gods, or more generally the study of religion or spirituality. It is sometimes contrasted with religious studies: theology is understood as the study of religion from an internal perspective , and religious studies as the study of religion from an external perspective....
    . Cornell University Press, 1942. Reviewed at length by William C. Greene in Classical Philology 40 (1945) 128–133.


  • "On Plato's Account of Respiration." Studi italiani di filologia classica 27–28 (1956) 544-548.


  • "Platonic Influences in the Formation of Aristotle's Physical System." In Aristotle and Plato in the Mid-Fourth Century. Papers of the Symposium Aristotelicum Held at Oxford in August, 1957. Edited by Ingemar During and G.E.L. Owen. Göteborg 1960, pp. 213-235.


  • "Hesiodic Motifs in Plato." See under "Hesiod and Homer"
    Friedrich Solmsen

    Friedrich W. Solmsen was a Philology and professor of Classics. His Edition of Hesiod is considered definitive. He published nearly 150 books, monographs, Scholarly method Article , and reviews from the 1930s through the 1980s....
     above.


  • "Republic III,389b2–d6: Plato's Draft and the Editor's Mistake." Philologus 109 (1965) 182-185.


  • Review of Preface to Plato by Eric A. Havelock
    Eric A. Havelock

    Eric Alfred Havelock was a United Kingdom classics who spent most of his life in Canada and the United States. He was a professor at the University of Toronto and was active in the academic milieu of the Canadian socialism movement during the 1930s....
     (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963). In American Journal of Philology 87 (1966) 99–105.


  • "Plato's First Mover
    Cosmological argument

    The cosmological argument is an argument for the existence of a First Cause to the universe, and by extension is often used as an argument for the existence of God....
     in the Eighth Book of Aristotle's Physics
    Physics (Aristotle)

    Physics is a key text in the philosophy of Aristotle. It stands at the head of the current Andronicus of Rhodes order, the long series of Aristotle's physical, cosmological and biological works, and is foundational to them....
    ." Philomathes: Studies and Essays in the Humanities in Memory of Philip Merlan. Edited by Robert B. Palmer and Robert Hamerton-Kelly. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1971, pp. 171-182.


  • "Plato and Science." In Interpretations of Plato: A Swarthmore Symposium. Edited by Helen F. North. E. J. Brill, 1977.


  • "Platonic Values in Aristotle's Science." Journal of the History of Ideas 39 (1978) 3-23.


  • "Some Passages in Plato's Laws
    Laws (dialogue)

    The Laws is Plato's last and longest dialogue. The question asked at the beginning is not "What is law?" as one would expect. That is the question of the Minos ....
     IV and V." Illinois Classical Studies 5 (1980) 44-48.


  • "The Academic and the Alexandrian editions of Plato's Works." Illinois Classical Studies 6 (1981) 102-111.


  • "Plato and the Concept of the Soul (Psyche): Some Historical Perspectives." Journal of the History of Ideas 44 (1983) 355-367.


Aristotle

  • Die aristotelische Methodenlehre und die spätplatonische Akademie, dissertation. Berlin 1928. Revised and published as Die Entwicklung der aristotelischen Logik
    Organon

    The Organon is the name given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics, to the standard collection of his six works on logic. The works are Categories , Prior Analytics, De Interpretatione, Posterior Analytics, Sophistical Refutations, and Topics ....
     und Rhetorik
    Rhetoric (Aristotle)

    Aristotle's Rhetoric is an ancient Greek treatise on the art of persuasion, dating from the fourth century BCE. In Greek, it is titled ?????S ????????S, in Latin Ars Rhetorica. In English, its title varies: typically it is titled the Rhetoric, the Art of Rhetoric, or a Treatise on Rhetoric....
     in 1975 and again in


  • "The Origins and Methods of Aristotle's Poetics." Classical Quarterly 29 (1935) 192–201.


  • "The Aristotelian Tradition in Ancient Rhetoric." American Journal of Philology 62 (1941) 35–50 and 169–190.


  • "Boethius
    Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

    Anicius Manlius Severinus Bo?thius was a Christian or pagan philosopher of the 6th century. He was born in Rome to an ancient and important family which included emperors Petronius Maximus and Olybrius and many Roman consul....
     and the History of the Organon
    Organon

    The Organon is the name given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics, to the standard collection of his six works on logic. The works are Categories , Prior Analytics, De Interpretatione, Posterior Analytics, Sophistical Refutations, and Topics ....
    ." American Journal of Philology 65 (1944) 69–74.


  • "Aristotle
    Aristotle

    Aristotle was a Greeks philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, Poetics , theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology....
    's Syllogism
    Syllogism

    A syllogism, or logical appeal, , is a kind of logical argument in which one proposition is Inference from two others of a certain form....
     and Its Platonic Background." Philosophical Review 60 (1951) 563-571.


  • Introduction to the Modern Library
    Modern Library

    The Modern Library, a current division of Random House publishers, was founded in 1917 by Albert Boni and Horace Liveright. It was bought in 1925 by Bennett Cerf....
     edition of Aristotle's Rhetoric
    Rhetoric (Aristotle)

    Aristotle's Rhetoric is an ancient Greek treatise on the art of persuasion, dating from the fourth century BCE. In Greek, it is titled ?????S ????????S, in Latin Ars Rhetorica. In English, its title varies: typically it is titled the Rhetoric, the Art of Rhetoric, or a Treatise on Rhetoric....
    , translated by W. Rhys Roberts, and Poetics, translated by Ingram Bywater
    Ingram Bywater

    Ingram Bywater was an England classical scholar.He was born in London. He was educated at University College School and King's College School, then at Queens College, Oxford....
    . New York 1954.


  • "Antecedents of Aristotle's Psychology and Scale of Beings." American Journal of Philology 76 (1955) 148-164.


  • "Aristotle and Prime Matter
    Cosmological argument

    The cosmological argument is an argument for the existence of a First Cause to the universe, and by extension is often used as an argument for the existence of God....
    : A Reply to H. R. King." Journal of the History of Ideas 19 (1958) 243-252.


  • "Aristotle and Presocratic
    Pre-Socratic philosophy

    The Pre-Socratic Greek philosophy were active before Socrates or contemporaneously, but expounding knowledge developed earlier. The popularity of the term originates with Hermann Diels' work Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker ....
     Cosmogony
    Cosmogony

    Cosmogony, or cosmogeny, is any theory concerning the coming into existence or origin of the universe, or about how reality came to be. The word comes from the Greek ??s??????a , from ??s??? "cosmos, the world", and the root of ?????a? / ?????a "to be born, come about"....
    ." Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 63 (1958) 265-282.


  • Aristotle's System of the Physical World
    Aristotelian physics

    The Greek philosopher Aristotle developed many theories on the nature of physics. These involved what Aristotle described as the Classical element, as well as a variety of other principles that differ significantly from modern ideas about the laws of physics....
    : A Comparison with His Predecessors    . Cornell University Press, 1960. This lengthy, densely packed book investigates the natural philosophy of the Presocratics
    Pre-Socratic philosophy

    The Pre-Socratic Greek philosophy were active before Socrates or contemporaneously, but expounding knowledge developed earlier. The popularity of the term originates with Hermann Diels' work Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker ....
     and Plato as well as Aristotle's Physics, De caelo
    On the Heavens

    On the Heavens is Aristotle's chief cosmological treatise: it contains his astronomical theory.According to him, the heavenly bodies are the most perfect realities, , whose motions are ruled by principles other than those of bodies in the sublunary sphere....
    , De generatione et corruptione
    On Generation and Corruption

    On Generation and Corruption , , also known as On Coming to Be and Passing Away) is a treatise by Aristotle. Like many of his texts, it is both scientific and philosophic ....
     and Meteorologica
    Meteorology (Aristotle)

    Meteorology is a text by Aristotle which contains his theories about the earth sciences. These include early accounts of water evaporation, weather phenomena, and earthquakes....
    .


  • "Aristotle's Word for Matter
    Matter

    In common usage, matter is anything that has both mass and volume . A more rigorous definition is used in science: matter is what atoms and molecules are made of....
    ." In Didascaliæ: Studies in Honor of Anselm M. Albareda
    Joaquín Albareda y Ramoneda

    Joaqu?n Anselmo Mar?a Cardinal Albareda y Ramoneda, Order of Saint Benedict was a Spain prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Prefect of the Vatican Library from 1936 to 1962, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 1962....
    , Prefect
    Prefect

    Prefect is a magisterial title of varying definition.A prefect's office, department, or area of control is called a prefecture, but in various post-Roman cases there is a prefect without a prefecture or vice versa....
     of the Vatican Library
    Vatican Library

    The Vatican Library , is the library of the Holy See, currently located in Vatican City. It is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts....
    .     Edited by Sesto Prete. New York 1961, pp. 393-408.


  • "Misplaced Passages at the End of Aristotle's Physics." American Journal of Philology 82 (1961) 270-282.


  • "Leisure
    Leisure

    Leisure or free time, is a period of time spent out of employment and essential domestic activity. It is also the period of recreational and discretionary time before or after compulsory activities such as eating and sleeping, employment or running a business, education and doing homework, household chores, and day-to-day Stress ....
     and Play
    Play (activity)

    paly is when you have fun...of mind in engaging with one's world view. Play refers to a range of Free will, Motivation#Intrinsic_and_extrinsic_motivation motivated activities that are normally associated with pleasure and enjoyment....
     in Aristotle's Ideal State
    State

    A state is a political Social contract with effective sovereignty over a geographic area and representing a population. These may be nation states, State or multinational states....
    ." Rheinisches Museum 107 (1964) 193-220.


  • Review of Aristotle and the Problem of Value
    Value (ethics)

    In ethics, value is a property of object , including physical objects as well as abstract objects , representing their degree of importance.Ethic value denotes something's degree of importance, with the aim of determining what action or life is best to do or live, or at least attempt to describe the value of different actions....
     by Whitney J. Oates (Princeton University Press, 1963). In Journal of Philosophy 62 (1965) 298–303.


  • Ursprünge und Methoden der aristotelischen Poetik. Darmstadt 1968.


  • "Dialectic
    Dialectic

    Dialectic is a method of argument, which has been central to both Eastern and Western philosophy since ancient times. The word "dialectic" originates in Ancient Greece, and was made popular by Plato's Socratic dialogues....
     without the Forms." In Aristotle on Dialectic: The Topics. Proceedings of the Third Symposium Aristotelicum. Edited by G. E. L. Owen. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968, pp. 49-68.


  • "The Fishes of Lesbos and Their Alleged Significance for the Development of Aristotle." Hermes 106 (1978) 467-484.


  • "Citations in Their Bearing on the Origin of 'Aristotle' Meteorologica
    Meteorology (Aristotle)

    Meteorology is a text by Aristotle which contains his theories about the earth sciences. These include early accounts of water evaporation, weather phenomena, and earthquakes....
     IV." Hermes 113 (1985) 448-459.


Empedocles, Epicurus, Lucretius

  • Review of T. Lucreti
    Lucretius

    Titus Lucretius Carus was a Roman Republic poet and philosopher. His only known work is the epic philosophical poem on Epicureanism De rerum natura, translated into English as On the Nature of Things....
     Cari, De rerum natura, Libri sex    , edition and commentary
    Commentary (philology)

    In philology, a commentary is a line-by-line or even word-by-word explication usually attached to an edition of a text in the same or an accompanying volume....
     by William Ellery Leonard and Stanley Barney Smith (University of Wisconsin Press, 1942), in Philosophical Review 53 (1944) 208–211.


  • "Epicurus
    Epicurus

    Epicurus was an Greek philosophy and the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism.Only a few fragments and letters remain of Epicurus's 300 written works....
     and Cosmological
    Cosmology

    Cosmology is study of the Universe in its totality, and by extension, humanity's place in it. Though the word cosmology is recent , study of the Universe has a long history involving science, philosophy, esotericism, and religion....
     Heresies." American Journal of Philology 72 (1951) 1-23.


  • "Epicurus on the Growth and Decline of the Cosmos
    Cosmos

    In its most general sense, a cosmos is an orderly or harmonious system. It originates from a Greek language term ??s??? meaning "order, orderly arrangement, ornaments," and is the antithetical concept of chaos....
    ." American Journal of Philology 74 (1953) 34-51.


  • ??s??s?s in Aristotelian and Epicurean Thought. Amsterdam, 1961. Aisthesis originally meant both cognitive perceptions and feelings (as of pleasure and pain); Solmsen traces the restriction of the term by Plato to cognitive perceptions and so in Aristotle and the Stoics
    Stoicism

    Stoicism was a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early third century B.C. The stoics considered passionate emotions to be the result of errors in judgment, and that a Sage , or person of "moral and intellectual perfection," would not have such emotions....
    ; Epicurus, however, uses the word to mean the capacity of feeling pleasure and pain as conveyed by the "soul atoms" generally to the body.


  • "Love and Strife
    Empedocles

    Empedocles was a Hellenic civilization pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek colony in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for being the origin of the cosmogenesis theory of the four classical elements....
     in Empedocles
    Empedocles

    Empedocles was a Hellenic civilization pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek colony in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for being the origin of the cosmogenesis theory of the four classical elements....
    ' Cosmology." Phronesis 10 (1965) 109-148.


  • "????? in Empedocles." Classical Review 17 (1967) 245-246.


  • "A Peculiar Omission in Lucretius
    Lucretius

    Titus Lucretius Carus was a Roman Republic poet and philosopher. His only known work is the epic philosophical poem on Epicureanism De rerum natura, translated into English as On the Nature of Things....
    ' Account of Human Civilization." Philologus 114 (1970) 256-261.


  • "Eternal and Temporary Beings in Empedocles' Physical Poem." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 57 (1975) 123-145.


  • "Epicurus on Void, Matter and Genesis: Some Historical Observations." Phronesis 22 (1977) 263-281.


  • "Empedocles' Hymn to Apollo
    Apollo

    In Greek mythology and Roman mythology, Apollo , is one of the most important and many-sided of the Twelve Olympians. The ideal of the kouros , Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the sun; truth and prophecy; archery; medicine and healing; music, poetry, and the arts; and more....
    ." Phronesis 35 (1980) 219-227.


  • "Abdera's Arguments for the Atomic Theory
    Atomism

    In natural philosophy, atomism is the philosophical theses that was theoryzed by Leucippus in the fifth century BC. For it all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible building blocks ? atoms ....
    ." Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 29 (1988) 59-73.


  • "Lucretius' Strategy in De rerum natura I." Rheinisches Museum 131 (1988) 315-323.


Philosophical and literary topics

  • "Cicero
    Cicero

    Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Ancient Rome philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Constitution of the Roman Republic. Cicero is widely considered one of Rome's greatest rhetoric and prose stylists....
    's First Speeches: A Rhetorical Analysis." Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 69 (1938) 542–556.


  • "Some Works of Philostratus
    Philostratus

    Philostratus, was the name of four Greek sophists of the Roman Empire:# "Philostratus I": Very minor author, known only for a dialogue Nero, possibly written by Philostratus II....
     the Elder." Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 71 (1940) 556–572.


  • "Eratosthenes
    Eratosthenes

    Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greeks mathematician, poet, sportsperson, geographer and astronomer. He made several discoveries and inventions including a system of latitude and longitude....
     as Platonist and Poet." Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 73 (1942) 192–213.


  • "Chaos and Apeiron." Studi italiani di filologia classica 24 (1949) 235-248.


  • Review of Empedocles' Mixture, Eudoxan Astronomy and Aristotle's Connate Pneuma by Harald A. T. Reiche (Amsterdam 1960), in American Journal of Philology 84 (1963) 91–94.


  • The Eleatic
    Eleatics

    The Eleatics were a school of Pre-Socratic philosophy philosophy at Elea, a Greek colony in Campania, Italy. The group was founded in the early fifth century BCE by Parmenides....
     One in Melissus
    Melissus of Samos

    Melissus of Samos Island is the third and last member of the ancient school of Eleatics, whose other members include Zeno of Elea and Parmenides, the most important of the Pre-Socratic Philosophy....
    . Amsterdam, 1969.


  • "Tissues and the Soul: Philosophical Contributions to Physiology." Philosophical Review 59 (1950) 435-468.


  • "Neglected Evidence for Cicero's De re publica
    De re publica

    De re publica is a dialogue#Literature by Cicero, written in six books between 54 and 51 BC. It is written in the format of a Socratic dialogue; that is to say, Scipio Africanus Minor takes the role of a wise old man — an obligatory part for the genre....
    ." Museum Helveticum 13 (1956) 38-53.


  • "The Vital Heat, the Inborn Pneuma and the Aether." Journal of Hellenic Studies 77 (1957) 119-123.


  • "Greek Philosophy and the Discovery of the Nerves." Museum Helveticum 18 (1961) 150-167 and 169-197.


  • Cleanthes
    Cleanthes

    Cleanthes of Assos, lived c. 330- c. 230 BC, was a Stoic philosopher and the successor to Zeno of Citium as the second head of the Stoic school in Athens....
     or Posidonius
    Posidonius

    Posidonius "of Apamea " or "of Rhodes" , was a Greeks Stoic philosopher, politician, astronomer, geographer, historian and teacher native to Apamea, History of Syria....
    ? The Basis of Stoic physics
    Stoicism

    Stoicism was a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early third century B.C. The stoics considered passionate emotions to be the result of errors in judgment, and that a Sage , or person of "moral and intellectual perfection," would not have such emotions....
    . Amsterdam 1961. A study of the sources of Cicero's De natura deorum
    De Natura Deorum

    De Natura Deorum is a work by Ancient Rome orator Cicero written in 45 BC. It is laid out in three "books", each of which discuss the theology of different Roman and Greek philosophy....
    , II, 23-32.


  • "Anaximander
    Anaximander

    Anaximander was a pre-Socratic Ancient Greece philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia. He belonged to the Milesian school and learned the teachings of his master Thales....
    's Infinite: Traces and Influences." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophi 44 (1962) 109-131.


  • "Anaxagoras
    Anaxagoras

    Anaxagoras was a Pre-Socratic philosophy Greek philosophy famous for introducing the cosmological concept of Nous , the ordering force....
     B 19 Diels-Kranz." Hermes 91 (1963) 250-251.


  • "Nature as Craftsman in Greek Thought." Journal of the History of Ideas 24 (1963) 473-496.


  • "Diogenes of Apollonia B3D.-K." Classical Review 20 (1970) 6.


  • "Thucydides
    Thucydides

    Thucydides was a Greeks history and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century B.C. war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 B.C....
    ' Treatment of Words and Concepts." Hermes 99 (1971) 385-408.


  • "The Tradition about Zeno of Elea
    Zeno of Elea

    Zeno of Velia was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of southern Italy and a member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides. Aristotle called him the inventor of the dialectic....
     Re-examined." Phronesis 16 (1971) 116-141.


  • "Parmenides
    Parmenides

    Parmenides of Elea was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, a Greek city on the southern coast of Italy. He was the founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy....
     and the Description of Perfect Beauty in Plato's Symposium
    Symposium (Plato)

    The Symposium is a philosophical dialogue written by Plato sometime after 385 BC. It is a discussion on the nature of love, taking the form of a group of speeches, both satirical and serious, given by a group of men at a symposium or a wine drinking gathering at the house of the Tragedy#Greek tragedy Agathon at Athens....
    ." American Journal of Philology 92 (1971) 62-70.


  • Intellectual Experiments of the Greek Enlightenment
    Enlightenment

    Enlightenment may refer to:...
    . Princeton University Press, 1975. Six chapters dealing with such topics as argumentation, persuasion, utopianism and reform, language experiments, and empirical psychology.


  • "Light from Aristotle's Physics on the text of Parmenides B 8 D-K." Phronesis 1977 XXII : 10-12.


  • "Theophrastus
    Theophrastus

    Theophrastus , a Greek native of Eressos in Lesbos Island, was the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school. His interests were wide-ranging, extending from biology and physics to ethics and metaphysics....
     and Political Aspects of the Belief in Providence." Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 19 (1978) 91-98.


  • "Emendations in Cosmological Texts." Rheinisches Museum 124 (1981) 1-18.


  • "Plotinus
    Plotinus

    Plotinus was a major Philosophy of the ancient world who is widely considered the founder of Neoplatonism . Much of our biographical information about him comes from Porphyry 's preface to his edition of Plotinus' Enneads....
     v,5,3,21 ff.: A Passage on Zeus
    Zeus

    Zeus in Greek mythology is the king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky father and List of thunder gods. His symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull , and oak....
    ." Museum Helveticum 43 (1986) 68-73.


Augustan poetry

  • "Horace
    Horace

    This article is about the Roman poet Horace. For other uses, see Horace .Quintus Horatius Flaccus, , known in the English language world as Horace, was the leading Roman Empire Lyric poetry during the time of Augustus....
    's First Roman Ode
    Ode

    Ode is a form of stately and elaborate lyric poetry. A classic ode is structured in three parts: the strophe, the antistrophe, and the epode....
    ." American Journal of Philology 68 (1947) 337–352.


  • "Propertius
    Sextus Propertius

    Sextus Aurelius Propertius was a Latin elegy poet who was born around 50?45 BCE in Mevania and died shortly after 15 BCE.Propertius' surviving work comprises four books of elegy. He was friends with the poets Gallus and Virgil, and had with them as his patron Maecenas, and through Maecenas, the emperor Augustus....
     in his Literary Relations with Tibullus
    Tibullus

    Albius Tibullus was a Latin poet and writer of elegy.Little is known about his life. His first and second books of poetry are extant; many other texts attributed to Tibullus are of questionable origins....
     and Vergil
    Virgil

    Publius Vergilius Maro was a classical Roman poet, best known for three major works?the Bucolics , the Georgics and the Aeneid?although several Appendix Vergiliana are also attributed to him....
    ." Philologus 105 (1961) 273-289.


  • "Three Elegies of Propertius' First Book." Classical Philology 57 (1962) 73-88.


  • "Tibullus as an Augustan poet." Hermes 90 (1962) 295-325.


  • "On Propertius I, 7." American Journal of Philology 86 (1965) 77-84.


  • "Catullus
    Catullus

    Gaius Valerius Catullus was a Roman poet of the 1st century BC. His work remains widely studied, and continues to influence poetry and other forms of art....
    ' Artistry in C. 68: A Pre-Augustan Subjective Love-Elegy." Monumentum Chiloniense: Studien zur augusteischen Zeit. Kieler Festschrift für Erich Burck zum 70. Geburtstag. Edited by Eckard Lefèvre. Amsterdam 1975, pp. 260-276.


Afterlife, religion, myth

  • Review of The Greeks and the Irrational by E.R. Dodds, in American Journal of Philology 75 (1954) 190–196.


  • Review of ????
    Aeon

    The word aeon, also spelled eon or ?on, means "age", "forever" or "for eternity". It is a Latin transliteration from the koine Greek word , from the archaic ....
     da Omero
    Homer

    Homer is traditionally held to be the author of the ancient Greek language epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, as well as of the Homeric Hymns....
     ad Aristotele     by Enzo Degani (University of Padua, 1961). In American Journal of Philology 84 (1963) 329–332.


  • "Two Pindar
    Pindar

    Pindar , was an Ancient Greek Lyric poetry poet.Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, Pindar is the one whose work is by far the best preserved, and critics in antiquity tended to regard him as the greatest....
    ic Passages on the Hereafter
    Afterlife

    The afterlife is the concept of a continued existence for the soul, spirit or mind of a being after biological death. The major views on the afterlife derive from religion, esotericism and metaphysics....
    ." Hermes 96 (1968) 503-506.


  • "Greek Ideas of the Hereafter
    Afterlife

    The afterlife is the concept of a continued existence for the soul, spirit or mind of a being after biological death. The major views on the afterlife derive from religion, esotericism and metaphysics....
     in Vergil's
    Virgil

    Publius Vergilius Maro was a classical Roman poet, best known for three major works?the Bucolics , the Georgics and the Aeneid?although several Appendix Vergiliana are also attributed to him....
     Roman Epic." "Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" 92 (1968) 8-14.


  • "?µ??ß? in the Recently Discovered 'Orphic
    Orphism (religion)

    Orphism is the name given to a set of religious beliefs and practices in the ancient Greek and Thracian world, associated with literature ascribed to the mythical poet Orpheus, who descended into Hades and returned....
    ' Katabasis
    Descent to the underworld

    The descent to the underworld is a mytheme of comparative mythology found in the religions of the Ancient Near East up to and including Harrowing of hell....
    ." Hermes 96 (1968) 631-632.


  • "The World of the Dead in Book 6 of the Aeneid
    Aeneid

    The Aeneid is a Latin Epic poetry written by Virgil in the late 1st century BC that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Troy who traveled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Rome....
    ." Classical Philology 67 (1972) 31-41.


  • "Symphytos Aion
    Aeon

    The word aeon, also spelled eon or ?on, means "age", "forever" or "for eternity". It is a Latin transliteration from the koine Greek word , from the archaic ....
     (A., Ag. 106)." American Journal of Philology 100 (1979) 477-479. On Aeschylus, Agamemnon, line 106.


  • Isis
    ISIS

    ISIS is an industry standard interface for technologies, developed by Pixel Translations in 1990 .ISIS is an open standard for scanner control and a complete image-processing framework....
     among the Greeks and Romans    . Harvard University Press, 1979. "It was a surprise, but also a pleasure," noted J. Gwyn Griffiths
    J. Gwyn Griffiths

    John Gwyn Griffiths , was a Wales poet, Egyptologist and nationalist political activist who spent the largest span of his career lecturing at Swansea University....
    , "to find Friedrich Solmsen concerning himself with the impact of Isis on the Graeco-Roman world."


  • "Achilles on the Islands of the Blessed
    Fortunate Isles

    In the Fortunate Isles, also called the Isles of the Blessed , heroes and other favored mortals in Greek mythology and Celtic mythology were received by the gods into a blissful paradise....
    : Pindar vs. Homer and Hesiod." American Journal of Philology 103 (1982) 19-24.


  • "'Aeneas
    Aeneas

    This article is about the Roman hero. For other uses, see Aeneas .In Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas was a Troy hero, the son of prince Anchises and the goddess Venus_....
     Founded Rome with Odysseus
    Odysseus

    Odysseus or Ulysses , in Greek mythology , was a legendary Greeks king of Ithaca and the hero of Homer's Epic poetry, the Odyssey. Odysseus also plays a key role in Homer's Iliad and other works in the Epic Cycle....
    .'" Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 90 (1986) 93-110.


Christian topics

  • "The Powers of Darkness in Prudentius
    Prudentius

    Aurelius Prudentius Clemens was a Ancient Rome Christian poet, born in the Ancient Rome province of Tarraconensis in 348. He probably died in Spain, as well, some time after 405, possibly around 413....
    ' Contra Symmachum
    Quintus Aurelius Symmachus

    Quintus Aurelius Symmachus , the cultured and prominent son of a prominent father, Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus, in the patrician gens Aurelia, held the offices of proconsul of Africa in 373, urban prefect of Rome in 384 and 385, and consul in 391....
    : A Study of His Poetic Imagination." Vigiliae Christianae 19 (1965) 237–257.


  • "The Conclusion of Theodosius
    Theodosius I

    Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great , was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire....
    ' Oration in Prudentius' Contra Symmachum." Philologus 109 (1965) 310-313.


  • "Providence
    Divine Providence

    In theology, Divine Providence, or simply Providence, is the sovereignty, superintendence, or agency of God over events in people's lives and throughout history....
     and the Soul: A Platonic
    Neoplatonism and Christianity

    Neoplatonism was a major influence on Christian theology throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages in the West notably due to Augustine of Hippo, who was influenced by the early Neoplatonists Plotinus and Porphyry , and the works of the Christian writer Pseudo-Dionysius, who was influenced by the later Neoplatonist, Proclus....
     Chapter in Clement of Alexandria
    Clement of Alexandria

    Clement of Alexandria , was the first notable member of the Christianity of Alexandria, and one of its most distinguished teachers. He was born about the middle of the 2nd century, and died between 211 and 216....
    ." Museum Helveticum 26 (1969) 229-251.


  • "George A. Wells
    George Albert Wells

    George Albert Wells , usually known as G. A. Wells, is an Emeritus Professor of German at Birkbeck, University of London. He is best known as an advocate of the theory that Jesus is a largely mythical rather than a historical figure....
     on Christmas
    Christmas

    Christmas , also referred to as Christmas Day, is an annual holiday celebrated on December 25 that commemorates the birth of Jesus. The day marks the beginning of the larger season of Christmastide, which lasts Twelve Days of Christmas....
     in Early New Testament
    New Testament

    The New Testament is the name given to the second major division of the Christianity Bible, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
     Criticism." Journal of the History of Ideas 31 (1970) 277-280.


  • "Early Christian Interest in the Theory of Demonstration." In Romanitas et Christianitas; studia Iano Henrico Waszink. Edited by W. den Boer. Amsterdam 1973, pp. 281–291.


  • "Reincarnation
    Metempsychosis

    Metempsychosis is a philosophical term in the Greek language referring to the belief of transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death....
     in Ancient and Early Christian Thought." In Kleine Schriften
    Kleine Schriften

    is a German language phrase often used as a title for a collection of Article and essays written by a single scholarly method over the course of a career....
    , vol. 3. Hildesheim 1982, pp. 465-494.


Bibliography

"Friedrich Solmsen, Professor, 84." New York Times (February 10, 1989), .

Kirkwood, G.M. "Foreword to the Paperback Edition." In by Friedrich Solmsen. Cornell University Press, 1995, pp. ix–xi.

Solmsen, Friedrich. Kleine Schriften
Kleine Schriften

is a German language phrase often used as a title for a collection of Article and essays written by a single scholarly method over the course of a career....
, 3 vols. Hildesheim 1968–1982.

Solmsen, Friedrich. "Wilamowitz in His Last Ten Years." Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 20 (1979) 89-122.

Tabulae. Newsletter of the , University of North Carolina (Fall 1989),

Ward, Leo R. My Fifty Years at Notre Dame,

External link

  • Georgia Mouroutsou, "Friedrich Solmsen: German and Anglo-Saxon Virtue," a tribute at , A Forum for the Mediation of Dialogue in Ancient and Modern Academies