Demographics of Romania
Encyclopedia
This article is about the demographic
features of the population
of Romania
, including population density
, ethnicity
, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
About 89.4% of the people of Romania
are ethnic Romanians
, whose language, Romanian
, is an Eastern Romance language
, descended primarily from Latin
with some Slavic
, German
, Greek
, Hungarian
and Turkish
borrowings. Romanians are by far the most numerous group of speakers of an Eastern Romance language today. It has been said that they constitute "an island of Latinity" in Eastern Europe, surrounded on all sides either by Slavic peoples
or by the Hungarians.
The Hungarian minority in Romania constitutes the country's largest minority, 6.6 per cent of the population.
See also Demographic history of Romania
However, the following numbers, very different for the early years, come from the Tacitus Historical Atlas
Thereafter, the numbers are essentially the same as the NIRDI numbers. (See also Demographic history of Romania
.)
Before World War II
, minorities represented more than 28% of the total population. During the war that percentage was halved, largely by the loss of the border areas of Bessarabia
and northern Bukovina
(to the former Soviet Union
, now Moldova
and Ukraine
) and southern Dobrudja (to Bulgaria
). Two-thirds of the ethnic German population either left or were deported after World War II
, leaving behind a population of 60,000 ethnic Germans in Romania today. Of a total population of over half a million Jews before World War II, about half were killed during the Holocaust. Mass emigration, mostly to Israel
and United States
, has reduced the surviving Jewish community to less than 6,000 in 2002.
Hungarians (Székely
and other Magyars; see Hungarians in Romania
), especially in Harghita
, Covasna
, and Mureş counties
, and the Roma
are the principal minorities, with a declining German
population (Banat Swabians
in Timiş
; Transylvanian Saxons
in Sibiu
, Braşov
and elsewhere), and smaller numbers of Czechs
, Slovaks
, Serbs, Chinese
, Croats
, and Banat Bulgarians
(in Banat
), Ukrainians
(especially in Maramureş
and Bukovina
), Greeks of Romania (especially in Brăila and Constanţa), Turks
and Tatars
(mainly in Constanţa
), Armenians, Russians
(Lipovans, Old Believers
in Tulcea), Jews
and others. Since the Romanian Revolution of 1989
, Bucharest has again become an increasingly cosmopolitan city, including identifiable Chinese and Irish
presences. Minority populations are greatest in Transylvania and the Banat
, areas in the north and west of the country, which were possessions of the Habsburg Empire (after 1867 the Austro-Hungarian Empire) until World War I
. Even before the union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. However, ethnic Hungarians and Germans were the dominant urban population until relatively recently, while Hungarians still constitute the majority in Harghita and Covasna counties.
Note: The 2010 Romanian Census gave a figure of 20,298,580, which would translate to a birth rate of 10.5 and a death rate of 12.8.
As a consequence of the pro-natalist policies of the Nicolae Ceauşescu
regime, Romania has a higher proportion of young adults in its population than any other Western country except Slovenia
. 8.55% of the Romanian population was born in the period from 1976 to 1980, compared with 6.82% of American
s and 6.33% of Britons
.
In common with many Eastern European countries, Romania has experienced a decline in population in recent years. The population fell by 1,129,000 or 4.95% in the decade 1992–2002. In three counties, Caraş-Severin
, Hunedoara
and Teleorman
, the population fell by more than 10% over the same period. Only two counties, Ilfov
and Iaşi
saw their population increase.
under 15 years::1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years::0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over::0.71 male(s)/female
total population::0.95 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Religious affiliation tends to follow ethnic lines, with most ethnic Romanians identifying with the Romanian Orthodox Church
. The Greek Catholic or Uniate church
, reunified with the Orthodox Church by fiat in 1948, was restored after the 1989 revolution. The 2002 census indicates that 0.9% of the population is Greek Catholic, as opposed to about 10% prior to 1948. Roman Catholics, largely ethnic Hungarians and Germans, constitute 4.7% of the population; Calvinists, Baptists (see Baptist Union of Romania
and Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania
), Pentecostals, and Lutherans make up another 5%. There are smaller numbers of Unitarians, Muslims, and other religions.
Demographics
Demographics are the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. These types of data are used widely in sociology , public policy, and marketing. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location...
features of the population
Population
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
of Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, including population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
, ethnicity
Ethnic group
An ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy...
, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
About 89.4% of the people of Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
are ethnic Romanians
Romanians
The Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania....
, whose language, Romanian
Romanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...
, is an Eastern Romance language
Eastern Romance languages
The Eastern Romance languages in their narrow conception, sometimes known as the Vlach languages, are a group of Romance languages that developed in Southeastern Europe from the local eastern variant of Vulgar Latin. Some classifications include the Italo-Dalmatian languages; when Italian is...
, descended primarily from Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
with some Slavic
Slavic languages
The Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.-Branches:Scholars traditionally divide Slavic...
, German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, Greek
Modern Greek
Modern Greek refers to the varieties of the Greek language spoken in the modern era. The beginning of the "modern" period of the language is often symbolically assigned to the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, even though that date marks no clear linguistic boundary and many characteristic...
, Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
and Turkish
Turkish language
Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...
borrowings. Romanians are by far the most numerous group of speakers of an Eastern Romance language today. It has been said that they constitute "an island of Latinity" in Eastern Europe, surrounded on all sides either by Slavic peoples
Slavic peoples
The Slavic people are an Indo-European panethnicity living in Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. The term Slavic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people, who speak languages belonging to the Slavic language family and share, to varying degrees, certain...
or by the Hungarians.
The Hungarian minority in Romania constitutes the country's largest minority, 6.6 per cent of the population.
Population
Sources give varied estimates for Romania's historical population. The National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics (NIRDI) gives the following numbers:Population evolution
(censuses)See also Demographic history of Romania
Demographic history of Romania
This article presents the demographic history of Romania through census results. See Demographics of Romania for a more detailed overview of the country's present-day demographics....
- 1866 — 4,424,961 (WallachiaWallachiaWallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...
and MoldaviaMoldaviaMoldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...
without BessarabiaBessarabiaBessarabia is a historical term for the geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west....
, Bucovina, and TransylvaniaTransylvaniaTransylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
) - 1912 — 12,923,600 (adding Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina)
- 1930 — 18,057,028 (14,280,729 is without Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina)
- 1948 — 15,872,625
- 1956 — 17,489,450
- 1966 — 19,103,163
- 1977 — 21,559,910
- 1992 — 22,760,449
- 2002 — 21,677,676
- 2011 —
- Statistics 1859–1992 from NIRDI
However, the following numbers, very different for the early years, come from the Tacitus Historical Atlas
- 1844 — 3.6 million
- 1861 — 3.9 million
- 1870 — 4.3 million
- 1880 — 4.5 million
- 1890 — 5.3 million
- 1900 — 6.0 million
- 1910 — 6.9 million
- 1915 — 7.8 million
- 1921 — 15.6 million
- 1930 — 17.9 million
- 1939 — 19.9 million
- 1940 — 15.9 million
- 1941 — 13.6 million
- 1946 — 15.8 million
- Statistics 1844–1946 from Tacitus Historical Atlas
Thereafter, the numbers are essentially the same as the NIRDI numbers. (See also Demographic history of Romania
Demographic history of Romania
This article presents the demographic history of Romania through census results. See Demographics of Romania for a more detailed overview of the country's present-day demographics....
.)
Ethnic groups
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, minorities represented more than 28% of the total population. During the war that percentage was halved, largely by the loss of the border areas of Bessarabia
Bessarabia
Bessarabia is a historical term for the geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west....
and northern Bukovina
Bukovina
Bukovina is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains.-Name:The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became...
(to the former Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, now Moldova
Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
and Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
) and southern Dobrudja (to Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
). Two-thirds of the ethnic German population either left or were deported after World War II
German exodus from Eastern Europe
The German exodus from Eastern Europe describes the dramatic reduction of ethnic German populations in lands to the east of present-day Germany and Austria. The exodus began in the aftermath of World War I and was implicated in the rise of Nazism. It culminated in expulsions of Germans from...
, leaving behind a population of 60,000 ethnic Germans in Romania today. Of a total population of over half a million Jews before World War II, about half were killed during the Holocaust. Mass emigration, mostly to Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
and United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, has reduced the surviving Jewish community to less than 6,000 in 2002.
Hungarians (Székely
Székely
The Székelys or Székely , sometimes also referred to as Szeklers , are a subgroup of the Hungarian people living mostly in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, Romania...
and other Magyars; see Hungarians in Romania
Hungarians in Romania
The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania, consisting of 1,431,807 people and making up 6.6% of the total population, according to the 2002 census....
), especially in Harghita
Harghita County
Harghita is a county in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea-Ciuc.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 326,222 and a population density of 52/km².*Hungarians- 85%...
, Covasna
Covasna County
Covasna is a county of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Sfântu Gheorghe.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 222,449 and the population density was 60/km².*Hungarians – 73.79% *Romanians – 23.28%...
, and Mureş counties
Mures County
Mureș is a county of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș.-Geography:The county has a total area of 6,714 km²....
, and the Roma
Roma minority in Romania
The Roma constitute one of the major minorities in Romania. According to the 2002 census, they number 535,140 people or 2.5% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians...
are the principal minorities, with a declining German
Ethnic German
Ethnic Germans historically also ), also collectively referred to as the German diaspora, refers to people who are of German ethnicity. Many are not born in Europe or in the modern-day state of Germany or hold German citizenship...
population (Banat Swabians
Banat Swabians
The Banat Swabians are an ethnic German population in Southeast Europe, part of the Danube Swabians. They emigrated in the 18th century to what was then the Austrian Banat province, which had been left sparsely populated by the wars with Turkey. This once strong and important ethnic Banat Swabian...
in Timiş
Timis County
Timiș , , Banat Bulgarian: ) is a county of western Romania, in the historical region Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the largest county in Romania in terms of land area....
; Transylvanian Saxons
Transylvanian Saxons
The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania from the 12th century onwards.The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Géza II of Hungary . For decades, the main task of the German settlers was to defend the southeastern border of the...
in Sibiu
Sibiu County
Sibiu is a county of Romania, in the historical region Transylvania, with the capital city Sibiu.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 421,724 and the population density was 78/km²....
, Braşov
Brasov County
Brașov ; ) is a county of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Brașov. The county incorporates within its boundaries most of the Medieval "lands" Burzenland and Făgăraș Land.-Demographics:...
and elsewhere), and smaller numbers of Czechs
Czechs of Romania
The Czechs are an ethnic minority in Romania, numbering 3,938 people according to the 2002 census. The majority of Romanian Czechs live in the south-west of the country, with around 60% of them living in Caraş-Severin County, where they make up 0.7% of the population.As an officially recognised...
, Slovaks
Slovaks of Romania
The Slovaks are an ethnic minority in Romania, numbering 17,199 people according to the 2002 census and hence making up 0.1% of the total population. Slovaks mainly live in western Romania, with the largest populations found in Bihor and Arad counties, where they make up 1.22% and 1.25% of the...
, Serbs, Chinese
Chinese of Romania
The Chinese of Romania are one of the smaller minorities of Romania.-Migration history:China and Romania have a history of several decades of economic and cultural exchanges as part of the Communist bloc. Former Chinese president Jiang Zemin lived in Romania for some time and speaks the language...
, Croats
Croats of Romania
The Croats are an ethnic minority in Romania, numbering 6,786 people according to the 2002 census. Croats mainly live in the southwest of the country, particularly in Caraş-Severin County. Declared Croatians form a majority in two Romanian localities: the communes of Caraşova and Lupac...
, and Banat Bulgarians
Banat Bulgarians
The Banat Bulgarians are a distinct Bulgarian minority group which settled in the 18th century in the region of the Banat, which was then ruled by the Habsburgs and after World War I was divided between Romania, Serbia, and Hungary...
(in Banat
Banat
The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania , the western part in northeastern Serbia , and a small...
), Ukrainians
Ukrainians
Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
(especially in Maramureş
Maramures
Maramureș may refer to the following:*Maramureș, a geographical, historical, and ethno-cultural region in present-day Romania and Ukraine, that occupies the Maramureș Depression and Maramureș Mountains, a mountain range in North East Carpathians...
and Bukovina
Bukovina
Bukovina is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains.-Name:The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became...
), Greeks of Romania (especially in Brăila and Constanţa), Turks
Turks of Romania
Turks in Romania, also known as Romanian Turks, are ethnic Turks who form an ethnic minority in Romania. According to the 2002 census, there were 32,098 Turks living in the country, forming a minority of some 0.2% of the population.- History :...
and Tatars
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group that originally resided in Crimea. They speak the Crimean Tatar language...
(mainly in Constanţa
Constanta County
Constanța is the name of a county in the Dobruja region of Romania. Its capital city is also named Constanța.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 715,151 and the population density was 101/km². The degree of urbanization is much higher than the Romanian average. In recent years the...
), Armenians, Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
(Lipovans, Old Believers
Old Believers
In the context of Russian Orthodox church history, the Old Believers separated after 1666 from the official Russian Orthodox Church as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652–66...
in Tulcea), Jews
History of the Jews in Romania
The history of Jews in Romania concerns the Jews of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is nowadays Romanian territory....
and others. Since the Romanian Revolution of 1989
Romanian Revolution of 1989
The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a series of riots and clashes in December 1989. These were part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several Warsaw Pact countries...
, Bucharest has again become an increasingly cosmopolitan city, including identifiable Chinese and Irish
Irish people
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...
presences. Minority populations are greatest in Transylvania and the Banat
Banat
The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania , the western part in northeastern Serbia , and a small...
, areas in the north and west of the country, which were possessions of the Habsburg Empire (after 1867 the Austro-Hungarian Empire) until World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. Even before the union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. However, ethnic Hungarians and Germans were the dominant urban population until relatively recently, while Hungarians still constitute the majority in Harghita and Covasna counties.
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians Romanians The Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania.... |
12,981,324 | 71.9 |
| Hungarians | 1,425,507 | 7.9 |
| Germans Germans The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages.... |
745,421 | 4.1 |
| Jews Jews The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation... |
728,115 | 4.0 |
| Ruthenians Ruthenians The name Ruthenian |Rus']]) is a culturally loaded term and has different meanings according to the context in which it is used. Initially, it was the ethnonym used for the East Slavic peoples who lived in Rus'. Later it was used predominantly for Ukrainians... and Ukrainians Ukrainians Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens... |
582,115 | 3.2 |
| Russians Russians The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.... |
409,150 | 2.3 |
| Bulgarians Bulgarians The Bulgarians are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group native to Bulgaria and neighbouring regions. Emigration has resulted in immigrant communities in a number of other countries.-History and ethnogenesis:... |
366,384 | 2.0 |
| Romani | 262,501 | 1.5 |
| Turks | 154,772 | 0.9 |
| Gagauzians | 105,750 | 0.6 |
| Czechs and Slovaks Slovaks The Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia... |
51,842 | 0.3 |
| Serbs Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... , Croats Croats Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have... and Slovenes |
51,062 | 0.3 |
| Poles Poles thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe... |
48,310 | 0.3 |
| Greeks Greeks The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.... |
26,495 | 0.1 |
| Tatars Tatars Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,... |
22,141 | 0.1 |
| Armenians Armenians Armenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian.... |
15,544 | 0.0 |
| Hutsuls Hutsuls Hutsuls are an ethno-cultural group of Ukrainian highlanders who for centuries have inhabited the Carpathian mountains, mainly in Ukraine, the northern extremity of Romania .-Etymology:... |
12,456 | 0.0 |
| Albanians Albanians Albanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo... |
4,670 | 0.0 |
| Others | 56,355 | 0.3 |
| Undeclared | 7,114 | 0.0 |
| Total | 18,057,028 | 100.0 |
| Ethnic group |
census 19481 | census 19562 | census 19663 | census 19774 | census 19925 | census 20026 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Romanians Romanians The Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania.... |
13,597,613 | 85.7 | 14,996,114 | 85.7 | 16,746,510 | 87.7 | 18,999,565 | 88.1 | 20,408,542 | 89.5 | 19,409,400 | 89.5 |
| Hungarians | 1,499,851 | 9.4 | 1,587,675 | 9.1 | 1,619,592 | 8.5 | 1,713,928 | 7.9 | 1,624,959 | 7.1 | 1,434,377 | 6.6 |
| Romani | 53,425 | 0.3 | 104,216 | 0.6 | 64,197 | 0.3 | 227,398 | 1.05 | 401,087 | 1.8 | 535,250 | 2.5 |
| Ukrainians Ukrainians Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens... |
37,582 | 0.2 | 60,479 | 0.4 | 54,705 | 0.3 | 55,510 | 0.3 | 65,764 | 0.3 | 61,091 | 0.3 |
| Germans Germans The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages.... |
343,913 | 2.2 | 384,708 | 2.2 | 382,595 | 2.0 | 359,109 | 1.6 | 119,462 | 0.5 | 60,088 | 0.3 |
| Russians Russians The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.... |
39,332 | 0.2 | 38,731 | 0.2 | 39,483 | 0.2 | 21,206 | 0.2 | 7,983 | 0.1 | 36,397 | 0.2 |
| Lipovans Lipovans Lipovans or Lippovans are the Old Believers, mostly of Russian ethnic origin, who settled in the Moldavian Principality, in Dobruja and Eastern Muntenia... |
11,090 | 0.1 | 30,623 | 0.2 | ||||||||
| Turks | 28,782 | 0.2 | 14,329 | 0.2 | 18,040 | 0.1 | 23,422 | 0.1 | 29,832 | 0.1 | 32,596 | 0.2 |
| Tatars Tatars Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,... |
20,469 | 0.2 | 22,151 | 0.1 | 23,369 | 0.1 | 24,596 | 0.1 | 24,137 | 0.1 | ||
| Serbs Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
45,447 | 0.3 | 46,517 | 0.3 | 44,236 | 0.3 | 34,429 | 0.2 | 29,408 | 0.1 | 22,518 | 0.1 |
| Croats Croats Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have... |
7,500 | 0.0 | 4,085 | 0.0 | 6,786 | 0.0 | ||||||
| Slovenes | 175 | 0.0 | ||||||||||
| Slovaks Slovaks The Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia... |
35,143 | 0.2 | 23,331 | 0.2 | 22,151 | 0.1 | 21,286 | 0.1 | 19,594 | 0.1 | 17,199 | 0.2 |
| Czechs | 11,821 | 0.0 | 9,978 | 0.0 | 7,683 | 0.0 | 5,797 | 0.0 | 3,938 | 0.0 | ||
| Bulgarians Bulgarians The Bulgarians are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group native to Bulgaria and neighbouring regions. Emigration has resulted in immigrant communities in a number of other countries.-History and ethnogenesis:... |
13,408 | 0.1 | 12,040 | 0.1 | 11,193 | 0.1 | 10,372 | 0.0 | 9,851 | 0.1 | 8,092 | 0.0 |
| Greeks Greeks The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.... |
8,696 | 0.1 | 11,166 | 0.0 | 9,088 | 0.0 | 6,262 | 0.0 | 3,940 | 0.0 | 6,513 | 0.0 |
| Jews Jews The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation... |
138,795 | 0.9 | 146,264 | 0.8 | 42,888 | 0.2 | 24,667 | 0.1 | 8,955 | 0.0 | 5,870 | 0.0 |
| Poles Poles thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe... |
6,753 | 0.0 | 7,627 | 0.0 | 5,860 | 0.0 | 4,641 | 0.0 | 4,232 | 0.0 | 3,671 | 0.0 |
| Armenians Armenians Armenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian.... |
6,987 | 0.0 | 6,441 | 0.0 | 3,436 | 0.0 | 2,342 | 0.0 | 1,957 | 0.0 | 1,780 | 0.0 |
| Macedonians | 1,176 | 0.0 | 6,867 | 0.0 | 731 | 0.0 | ||||||
| Aromanians Aromanians Aromanians are a Latin people native throughout the southern Balkans, especially in northern Greece, Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria, and as an emigrant community in Serbia and Romania . An older term is Macedo-Romanians... |
982 | 0.0 | 21,736 | 0.1 | ||||||||
| Others/undeclared | 15,897 | 0.1 | 17,522 | 0.1 | 6,990 | 0.0 | 5,731 | 0.0 | 9,368 | 0.0 | 28,303 | 0.1 |
| Total | 15,872,624 | 17,489,450 | 19,103,163 | 21,559,910 | 22,810,035 | 21,698,181 | ||||||
| 1 The results of the 1948 census are according to language. 2 Source: http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/erdely/supplem.htm. 3 Source: http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/erdely/supplem.htm. 4 Source: http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/erdely/supplem.htm. 5 Source: http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/erdely/supplem.htm. 6 Source: http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=. | ||||||||||||
Before WW I
| Average population (x 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 6 050 | 235 000 | 146 000 | 89 000 | 38.8 | 24.2 | 14.6 |
| 1901 | 6 120 | 241 000 | 160 000 | 81 000 | 39.3 | 26.2 | 13.1 |
| 1902 | 6 210 | 242 000 | 172 000 | 70 000 | 39.0 | 27.7 | 11.3 |
| 1903 | 6 290 | 252 000 | 156 000 | 96 000 | 40.1 | 24.8 | 15.3 |
| 1904 | 6 390 | 256 000 | 156 000 | 100 000 | 40.1 | 24.4 | 15.7 |
| 1905 | 6 480 | 248 000 | 160 000 | 88 000 | 38.3 | 24.7 | 13.6 |
| 1906 | 6 570 | 262 000 | 157 000 | 105 000 | 39.9 | 23.9 | 16.0 |
| 1907 | 6 680 | 274 000 | 176 000 | 98 000 | 41.1 | 26.3 | 14.8 |
| 1908 | 6 770 | 273 000 | 185 000 | 88 000 | 40.3 | 27.4 | 12.9 |
| 1909 | 6 860 | 282 000 | 188 000 | 94 000 | 41.1 | 27.4 | 13.7 |
| 1910 | 6 970 | 274 000 | 173 000 | 101 000 | 39.3 | 24.8 | 14.5 |
| 1911 | 7 090 | 300 000 | 179 000 | 121 000 | 42.3 | 25.3 | 17.0 |
| 1912 | 7 240 | 314 000 | 166 000 | 148 000 | 43.4 | 22.9 | 20.5 |
| 1913 | 7 360 | 310 000 | 192 000 | 118 000 | 42.1 | 26.1 | 16.0 |
| 1914 | 7 770 | 327 000 | 183 000 | 144 000 | 42.1 | 23.5 | 18.6 |
| 1915 | 7 910 | 320 000 | 194 000 | 126 000 | 40.5 | 24.5 | 16.0 |
Between WW I and WW II
| Average population (x 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | 15 920 | 366 000 | 328 000 | 38 000 | 23.0 | 20.6 | 2.4 |
| 1920 | 16 010 | 539 000 | 415 000 | 124 000 | 33.7 | 25.9 | 7.8 |
| 1921 | 16 240 | 620 000 | 372 000 | 248 000 | 38.2 | 22.9 | 15.3 |
| 1922 | 16 500 | 614 000 | 376 000 | 238 000 | 37.2 | 22.8 | 14.4 |
| 1923 | 16 770 | 609 000 | 372 000 | 237 000 | 36.4 | 22.1 | 14.3 |
| 1924 | 16 990 | 623 000 | 383 000 | 240 000 | 36.7 | 22.5 | 14.2 |
| 1925 | 17 190 | 606 000 | 362 000 | 244 000 | 35.2 | 21.1 | 14.1 |
| 1926 | 17 460 | 608 000 | 373 000 | 235 000 | 34.8 | 21.4 | 13.4 |
| 1927 | 17 690 | 603 000 | 393 000 | 210 000 | 34.1 | 22.2 | 11.9 |
| 1928 | 17 970 | 624 000 | 352 000 | 272 000 | 34.7 | 19.6 | 15.1 |
| 1929 | 17 640 | 601 000 | 378 000 | 223 000 | 34.1 | 21.4 | 12.7 |
| 1930 | 17 870 | 625 000 | 347 000 | 278 000 | 35.0 | 19.4 | 15.6 |
| 1931 | 18 190 | 605 000 | 379 000 | 226 000 | 33.3 | 20.8 | 12.5 |
| 1932 | 18 427 | 662 000 | 399 000 | 263 000 | 35.9 | 21.7 | 14.2 |
| 1933 | 18 653 | 598 000 | 348 000 | 250 000 | 32.1 | 18.7 | 13.4 |
| 1934 | 18 914 | 612 416 | 390 668 | 221 748 | 32.4 | 20.7 | 11.7 |
| 1935 | 19 088 | 585 503 | 402 720 | 182 783 | 30.7 | 21.1 | 9.6 |
| 1936 | 19 319 | 608 906 | 382 179 | 226 727 | 31.5 | 19.8 | 11.7 |
| 1937 | 19 535 | 601 310 | 377 954 | 223 356 | 30.8 | 19.3 | 11.4 |
| 1938 | 19 750 | 585 423 | 379 445 | 205 978 | 29.6 | 19.2 | 10.4 |
| 1939 | 19 934 | 563 817 | 370 348 | 193 469 | 28.3 | 18.6 | 9.7 |
After WW II
| Average population (x 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Fertility rates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | 15 760 | 391 273 | 296 439 | 94 834 | 24.8 | 18.8 | 6.0 | |
| 1947 | 15 860 | 370 562 | 349 331 | 21 231 | 23.4 | 22.0 | 1.3 | |
| 1948 | 15 893 | 379 868 | 248 238 | 131 630 | 23.9 | 15.6 | 8.3 | |
| 1949 | 16 084 | 444 065 | 219 881 | 224 184 | 27.6 | 13.7 | 13.9 | |
| 1950 | 16 311 | 426 820 | 202 010 | 224 810 | 26.2 | 12.4 | 13.8 | |
| 1951 | 16 464 | 412 534 | 210 021 | 202 513 | 25.1 | 12.8 | 12.3 | |
| 1952 | 16 630 | 413 217 | 195 287 | 217 930 | 24.8 | 11.7 | 13.1 | |
| 1953 | 16 847 | 401 717 | 194 752 | 206 965 | 23.8 | 11.6 | 12.3 | |
| 1954 | 17 040 | 422 346 | 195 091 | 227 255 | 24.8 | 11.4 | 13.3 | |
| 1955 | 17 325 | 442 864 | 167 535 | 275 329 | 25.6 | 9.7 | 15.9 | |
| 1956 | 17 583 | 425 704 | 174 847 | 250 857 | 24.2 | 9.9 | 14.3 | |
| 1957 | 17 829 | 407 819 | 181 923 | 225 896 | 22.9 | 10.2 | 12.7 | |
| 1958 | 18 056 | 390 500 | 156 493 | 234 007 | 21.6 | 8.7 | 13.0 | |
| 1959 | 18 226 | 368 007 | 186 767 | 181 240 | 20.2 | 10.2 | 9.9 | |
| 1960 | 18 403 | 352 241 | 160 720 | 191 521 | 19.1 | 8.7 | 10.4 | 2,34 |
| 1961 | 18 567 | 324 859 | 161 936 | 162 923 | 17.5 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 2,18 |
| 1962 | 18 681 | 301 985 | 172 429 | 129 556 | 16.2 | 9.2 | 6.9 | 2,04 |
| 1963 | 18 813 | 294 886 | 155 767 | 139 119 | 15.7 | 8.3 | 7.4 | 2,01 |
| 1964 | 18 927 | 287 383 | 152 476 | 134 907 | 15.2 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 1,97 |
| 1965 | 19 027 | 278 362 | 163 393 | 114 969 | 14.6 | 8.6 | 6.0 | 1,91 |
| 1966 | 19 141 | 273 678 | 157 445 | 116 233 | 14.3 | 8.2 | 6.1 | 1,90 |
| 1967 | 19 285 | 527 764 | 179 129 | 348 635 | 27.4 | 9.3 | 18.1 | 3,66 |
| 1968 | 19 721 | 526 091 | 188 509 | 337 582 | 26.7 | 9.6 | 17.1 | 3,63 |
| 1969 | 20 010 | 465 764 | 201 225 | 264 539 | 23.3 | 10.1 | 13.2 | 3,19 |
| 1970 | 20 253 | 427 034 | 193 255 | 233 779 | 21.1 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 2,89 |
| 1971 | 20 470 | 400 146 | 194 306 | 205 840 | 19.5 | 9.5 | 10.1 | 2,67 |
| 1972 | 20 663 | 389 153 | 189 793 | 199 360 | 18.8 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 2,55 |
| 1973 | 20 828 | 378 696 | 203 559 | 175 137 | 18.2 | 9.8 | 8.4 | 2,44 |
| 1974 | 21 029 | 427 732 | 191 286 | 236 446 | 20.3 | 9.1 | 11.2 | 2,71 |
| 1975 | 21 245 | 418 185 | 197 538 | 220 647 | 19.7 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 2,60 |
| 1976 | 21 446 | 417 353 | 204 873 | 212 480 | 19.5 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 2,55 |
| 1977 | 21 658 | 423 958 | 208 685 | 215 273 | 19.6 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 2,58 |
| 1978 | 21 855 | 416 598 | 211 846 | 204 752 | 19.1 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 2,52 |
| 1979 | 22 048 | 410 603 | 217 509 | 193 094 | 18.6 | 9.9 | 8.8 | 2,48 |
| 1980 | 22 201 | 398 904 | 231 876 | 167 028 | 18.0 | 10.4 | 7.5 | 2,43 |
| 1981 | 22 353 | 381 101 | 224 635 | 156 466 | 17.0 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 2,36 |
| 1982 | 22 478 | 344 369 | 224 120 | 120 249 | 15.3 | 10.0 | 5.3 | 2,17 |
| 1983 | 22 553 | 321 498 | 233 892 | 87 606 | 14.3 | 10.4 | 3.9 | 2,06 |
| 1984 | 22 625 | 350 741 | 233 699 | 117 042 | 15.5 | 10.3 | 5.2 | 2,26 |
| 1985 | 22 725 | 358 797 | 246 670 | 112 127 | 15.8 | 10.9 | 4.9 | 2,31 |
| 1986 | 22 823 | 376 896 | 242 330 | 134 566 | 16.5 | 10.6 | 5.9 | 2,39 |
| 1987 | 22 940 | 383 199 | 254 286 | 128 913 | 16.7 | 11.1 | 5.6 | 2,41 |
| 1988 | 23 054 | 380 043 | 253 370 | 126 673 | 16.5 | 11.0 | 5.5 | 2,37 |
| 1989 | 23 152 | 369 544 | 247 306 | 122 238 | 16.0 | 10.7 | 5.3 | 2,25 |
| 1990 | 23 207 | 314 746 | 247 086 | 67 660 | 13.6 | 10.6 | 2.9 | 1,84 |
| 1991 | 23 185 | 275 275 | 251 760 | 23 515 | 11.9 | 10.9 | 1.0 | 1,57 |
| 1992 | 22 789 | 260 393 | 263 855 | -3 462 | 11.4 | 11.6 | -0.2 | 1,52 |
| 1993 | 22 755 | 249 994 | 263 323 | -13 329 | 11.0 | 11.6 | -0.6 | 1,44 |
| 1994 | 22 731 | 246 736 | 266 101 | -19 365 | 10.9 | 11.7 | -0.9 | 1,41 |
| 1995 | 22 681 | 236 640 | 271 672 | -35 032 | 10.4 | 12.0 | -1.5 | 1,34 |
| 1996 | 22 608 | 231 348 | 286 158 | -54 810 | 10.2 | 12.7 | -2.4 | 1,30 |
| 1997 | 22 546 | 236 891 | 279 316 | -42 425 | 10.5 | 12.4 | -1.9 | 1,32 |
| 1998 | 22 503 | 237 297 | 269 166 | -31 869 | 10.5 | 12.0 | -1.4 | 1,32 |
| 1999 | 22 458 | 234 600 | 265 194 | -30 594 | 10.4 | 11.8 | -1.4 | 1,30 |
| 2000 | 22 435 | 234 521 | 255 820 | -21 299 | 10.5 | 11.4 | -0.9 | 1,30 |
| 2001 | 22 132 | 220 368 | 259 603 | -39 235 | 10.0 | 11.7 | -1.8 | 1,27 |
| 2002 | 21 803 | 210 529 | 269 666 | -59 137 | 9.7 | 12.4 | -2.7 | 1,26 |
| 2003 | 21 734 | 212 459 | 266 575 | -54 116 | 9.8 | 12.3 | -2.5 | 1,27 |
| 2004 | 21 673 | 216 261 | 258 890 | -42 629 | 10.0 | 11.9 | -2.0 | 1,29 |
| 2005 | 21 635 | 221 020 | 262 101 | -41 081 | 10.2 | 12.1 | -1.9 | 1,32 |
| 2006 | 21 588 | 219 483 | 258 094 | -38 611 | 10.2 | 12.0 | -1.8 | 1,33 |
| 2007 | 21 547 | 214 728 | 251 965 | -37 237 | 10.0 | 11.7 | -1.7 | 1,30 |
| 2008 | 21 513 | 221 900 | 253 202 | -31 302 | 10.3 | 11.8 | -1.5 | 1,36 |
| 2009 | 21 480 | 222 400 | 257 200 | -34 800 | 10.4 | 12.0 | -1.6 | 1,39 |
| 2010 | 21 432 | 212 200 | 259 700 | -47 500 | 9.9 | 12.1 | -2.2 | 1,29 |
Note: The 2010 Romanian Census gave a figure of 20,298,580, which would translate to a birth rate of 10.5 and a death rate of 12.8.
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.Age structure
- 0-14 years: 15.5% (male 1,772,583/female 1,681,539)
- 15–64 years: 69.7% (male 7,711,062/female 7,784,041)
- 65 years and over: 14.7% (male 1,332,120/female 1,934,076) (2010 est.)
As a consequence of the pro-natalist policies of the Nicolae Ceauşescu
Nicolae Ceausescu
Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Romanian Communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and as such was the country's second and last Communist leader...
regime, Romania has a higher proportion of young adults in its population than any other Western country except Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
. 8.55% of the Romanian population was born in the period from 1976 to 1980, compared with 6.82% of American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
s and 6.33% of Britons
British people
The British are citizens of the United Kingdom, of the Isle of Man, any of the Channel Islands, or of any of the British overseas territories, and their descendants...
.
Population growth rate
The population growth rate is -0.127% (2007 estimate).In common with many Eastern European countries, Romania has experienced a decline in population in recent years. The population fell by 1,129,000 or 4.95% in the decade 1992–2002. In three counties, Caraş-Severin
Caras-Severin County
Caraș-Severin is a county of Romania, in the historical region of Banat and few villages in Transylvania, with the county seat at Reșița.-Demographics:The county is part of the Danube-Kris-Mureș-Tisza euroregion....
, Hunedoara
Hunedoara County
Hunedoara is a county of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Deva.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 485,712 and the population density was 69/km².*Romanians - 92%*Hungarians - 5%*Romas - 2%*Germans under 1%....
and Teleorman
Teleorman County
Teleorman is a county of Romania, in the historical region Muntenia, with its capital city at Alexandria.The name Teleorman is of Cumanic origin. It literally means crazy forest and, by extension, "thick and shadowy forest" in the Cuman language...
, the population fell by more than 10% over the same period. Only two counties, Ilfov
Ilfov County
Ilfov is the county that surrounds Bucharest, the capital of Romania. It used to be largely rural, but after the fall of communism, many of the county's villages and communes developed into high-income commuter towns, which act like suburbs or satellites of Bucharest...
and Iaşi
Iasi County
Iași is a county of Romania, in Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași.-Demographics:As of 1 July 2007, Iași County had a population of 825,100, making it the second most populous county in Romania after Bucharest, with a population density of 150/km².*Romanians - 98.1%*Roma -...
saw their population increase.
Sex ratio
at birth::1.06 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years::1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years::0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over::0.71 male(s)/female
total population::0.95 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
- Total population: 72.18 years
- male: 68.69 years
- female: 75.89 years (2008 est.)
Religion
- Romanian OrthodoxRomanian Orthodox ChurchThe Romanian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church. It is in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox churches, and is ranked seventh in order of precedence. The Primate of the church has the title of Patriarch...
— 86.7% - Roman Catholic — 4.7%
- Protestant Churches (Calvin, Lutheran, Pentecostal, Baptist, Adventist) — 5.3%
- Greek Catholic - UniateRomanian Church United with Rome, Greek-CatholicThe Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic is an Eastern Catholic Church which is in full union with the Roman Catholic Church. It is ranked as a Major Archiepiscopal Church and uses the Byzantine liturgical rite in the Romanian language....
— 0.9% - IslamIslam in RomaniaIslam in Romania is followed by only 0.3 percent of population, but has 700 years of tradition in Northern Dobruja, a region on the Black Sea coast which was part of the Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries . In present-day Romania, most adherents to Islam belong to the Tatar and Turkish ethnic...
— 0.3% - Atheist — ~0.04% (9,271 people)
- No religion — 0.1%
- Other religions — 2.0%
- Refused to declare — 0.1%
Religious affiliation tends to follow ethnic lines, with most ethnic Romanians identifying with the Romanian Orthodox Church
Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church. It is in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox churches, and is ranked seventh in order of precedence. The Primate of the church has the title of Patriarch...
. The Greek Catholic or Uniate church
Eastern Rite Catholic Churches
The Eastern Catholic Churches are autonomous, self-governing particular churches in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, the Pope. Together with the Latin Church, they compose the worldwide Catholic Church...
, reunified with the Orthodox Church by fiat in 1948, was restored after the 1989 revolution. The 2002 census indicates that 0.9% of the population is Greek Catholic, as opposed to about 10% prior to 1948. Roman Catholics, largely ethnic Hungarians and Germans, constitute 4.7% of the population; Calvinists, Baptists (see Baptist Union of Romania
Baptist Union of Romania
The Baptist Union of Romania is an alliance of Baptist churches for cooperative ministry in Romania. Since independent churches have no legal standing in Romania, the Baptist Union also provides a mediatorial relationship between churches and government.The first modern-era Baptists in Romania...
and Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania
Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania
The Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania is an organization of ethnic Hungarian Baptists in Romania, united for promoting cooperative ministry....
), Pentecostals, and Lutherans make up another 5%. There are smaller numbers of Unitarians, Muslims, and other religions.
External links
- United Nations Statistics - Romania
- Romanian National Statistic Institute (site is in Romanian, pdf files are in Romanian and English)
- Population density map
