Roma minority in Romania
Encyclopedia
The Roma
The Roma (Roma in Romani
Romani language
Romani or Romany, Gypsy or Gipsy is any of several languages of the Romani people. They are Indic, sometimes classified in the "Central" or "Northwestern" zone, and sometimes treated as a branch of their own....

; Romi, Rromi or Țigani in Romanian
Romanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...

) constitute one of the major minorities in Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...

. According to the 2002 census, they number 535,140 people or 2.5% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians. The Roma are Romania's most socially and economically disadvantaged minority, with high illiteracy levels.

Documenting Romania's Roma population remains difficult; many Roma do not declare their ethnicity in the census and do not have an identity card or birth certificate. Since 2007 members of this ethnic group have migrated to Spain, Italy, and France, where the failure of some Roma to assimilate has become a contentious political issue. Since the EU-membership 2007 have many Roma people left Romania behind in hope to find better social welfare and social protection in other western EU-Countries.

Religion

According to the 2002-census, 81.9% of Romanian-Roma are Orthodox Christians
Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church. It is in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox churches, and is ranked seventh in order of precedence. The Primate of the church has the title of Patriarch...

, 6.4% Pentecostals
Pentecostal Union of Romania
The Pentecostal Union of Romania is Romania's fourth-largest religious body and one of its eighteen officially recognised religious denominations. At the 2002 census, 330,486 Romanians declared themselves to be Pentecostals; ethnically, they were 85.2% Romanians, 10.6% Roma, 1.9% Ukrainians, 1.8%...

, 3.8% Roman Catholics
Roman Catholicism in Romania
The Roman Catholic Church in Romania is a Latin Rite Christian church, part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and Curia in Rome. Its administration is centered in Bucharest, and comprises two archdioceses and four other dioceses...

, 3% Hungarian Reformed
Reformed Church in Romania
The Reformed Church in Romania is the organization of the Calvinist church in Romania. The majority of its followers are of Hungarian ethnicity and Hungarian is the main church language...

, 1.1% Greek Catholics
Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic
The Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic is an Eastern Catholic Church which is in full union with the Roman Catholic Church. It is ranked as a Major Archiepiscopal Church and uses the Byzantine liturgical rite in the Romanian language....

, 0.9% Baptists
Baptist Union of Romania
The Baptist Union of Romania is an alliance of Baptist churches for cooperative ministry in Romania. Since independent churches have no legal standing in Romania, the Baptist Union also provides a mediatorial relationship between churches and government.The first modern-era Baptists in Romania...

, 0.8% Seventh-Day Adventists
Romanian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists
The Romanian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists is Romania's eighth-largest religious body. At the 2002 census, 97,041 Romanians declared themselves to be Seventh-Day Adventists; they have over 500 church buildings...

, while the rest belong to other religions such as (Islam
Islam in Romania
Islam in Romania is followed by only 0.3 percent of population, but has 700 years of tradition in Northern Dobruja, a region on the Black Sea coast which was part of the Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries . In present-day Romania, most adherents to Islam belong to the Tatar and Turkish ethnic...

 and Lutheranism).

Terminology

In Romani
Romani language
Romani or Romany, Gypsy or Gipsy is any of several languages of the Romani people. They are Indic, sometimes classified in the "Central" or "Northwestern" zone, and sometimes treated as a branch of their own....

, the native language of the Roma, the word for people is pronounced ˈroma or ˈʀoma depending on dialect ([ˈrom] or [ˈʀom] in the singular). Starting from the 1990s, the word has also been officially used in the Romanian language
Romanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...

, although it has been used by Romani activists in Romania as far back as 1933.

There are two spellings of the word in Romanian: rom (plural romi), and rrom (plural rromi). The first spelling is preferred by the majority of Romani NGOs. The two forms reflect the fact that for some speakers of Romani there are two rhotic (ar-like) phonemes: /r/ and /ʀ/. In the government-sponsored (Courthiade) writing system
Romani writing systems
The Romani language has for most of its history been an entirely oral language, with no written form in common use. Although the first example of written Romani dates from 1542, it is not until the twentieth century that vernacular writing by native Romani people arose.Written Romani in the 20th...

 /ʀ/ is spelt rr. The final i in rromi is the Romanian
Romanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...

 (not Romani) plural.

The traditional and colloquial Romanian name for Roma, also widely used by the press, is "țigani" (cognate
Cognate
In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin. This learned term derives from the Latin cognatus . Cognates within the same language are called doublets. Strictly speaking, loanwords from another language are usually not meant by the term, e.g...

 with Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....

 cigány, Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...

 ατσίγγανοι (atsinganoi), French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

 tsiganes, Portuguese
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...

 ciganos, Dutch
Dutch language
Dutch is a West Germanic language and the native language of the majority of the population of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, the three member states of the Dutch Language Union. Most speakers live in the European Union, where it is a first language for about 23 million and a second...

 zigeuner, German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

 Zigeuner). Depending on context, the term may be considered to be pejorative in Romania

Demographic history

Historically, the Roma people, and the Romani language, are believed to have originated from the Indian Sub-Continent. The presence of the Roms within the territory of present-day Romania dates back to the 14th century. The population of Roms fluctuated depending on diverse historical and political events.

Before 1856

Until their liberation on February 20, 1856, most Roms lived in slavery
Slavery in Romania
Slavery existed on the territory of present-day Romania from before the founding of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 13th–14th century, until it was abolished in stages during the 1840s and 1850s. Most of the slaves were of Roma ethnicity...

. They could not leave the property of their owners (the boyars and the orthodox monasteries). In the first half of the 18th century, 102,000 Roma lived in the Danubian Principalities
Danubian Principalities
Danubian Principalities was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the early 14th century. The term was coined in the Habsburg Monarchy after the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in order to designate an area on the lower Danube with a common...

, comprising 2.7% of the population (90,000 or 4.1% in Wallachia
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...

 and 12,000 or 0.8% in Moldavia). Other sources claim that around 200,000 to 250,000 Roms (approx. 7% of the country's population) lived in slavery.

Between 1856 and 1918

After their liberation in 1856, a significant number of Roms left Wallachia and Moldavia.

In 1886 the number of Roms was estimated at around 200,000, or 3.2% of Romania's population. The 1899 census counted around 210,806 "others", of whom roughly half (or 2% of the country's population) were Roma.

In Bessarabia
Bessarabia
Bessarabia is a historical term for the geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west....

, annexed by the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

 in 1812, the Roms were liberated in 1861. Many of them migrated to other regions of the Empire, while important communities remained in Soroca
Soroca
Soroca is a Moldovan city situated on the Nistru river about 160 km north of Chişinău. It is the administrative center of Soroca District.- History :The city has its origin in the medieval Genoese trade post of Olchionia, or Alchona...

, Otaci
Otaci
Otaci is a town on the South-Western bank of the Dniester River, which at that point forms the northeastern border of Moldova....

 and the surroundings of Cetatea Albă, Chișinău
Chisinau
Chișinău is the capital and largest municipality of Moldova. It is also its main industrial and commercial centre and is located in the middle of the country, on the river Bîc...

, and Bălți
Balti
Balti can refer to:* Balti language, a language spoken in Baltistan in Pakistan and Ladakh in Kashmir* Balti people, Muslims of Ladakhi/Tibetan origin from Baltistan in Pakistan and Ladakh in Kashmir...

.

Between 1918 and 1945

The 1918 union with Transylvania, Banat, Bukovina and Bessarabia increased the number of ethnic Roma in Romania.

The first census in interwar Romania
Greater Romania
The Greater Romania generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years between the First World War and the Second World War, the largest geographical extent of Romania up to that time and its largest peacetime extent ever ; more precisely, it refers to the territory of the Kingdom of...

 took place in 1930; 242,656 persons (1.6%) were registered as Gypsies (ţigani).

The territory lost in 1940 caused a drop in the number of Roma, leaving a high number especially in Southern Dobruja and Northern Transylvania.

The Romanian government of Ion Antonescu
Ion Antonescu
Ion Victor Antonescu was a Romanian soldier, authoritarian politician and convicted war criminal. The Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, he presided over two successive wartime dictatorships...

 deported 25,000 Roma to Transnistria
Transnistria (World War II)
Transnistria Governorate was a Romanian administered territory, conquered by the Axis Powers from the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa, and occupied from 19 August 1941 to 29 January 1944...

; of these, 11,000 died. In all, from the territory of present-day Romania (including Northern Transylvania
Northern Transylvania
Northern Transylvania is a region of Transylvania, situated within the territory of Romania. The population is largely composed of both ethnic Romanians and Hungarians, and the region has been part of Romania since 1918 . During World War II, as a consequence of the territorial agreement known as...

), 36,000 Roma perished during the Second World War.

Between 1945 and 2007

Though the persecution of Roma ended after 1945, their social situation did not substantially improve. According to various census data, their numbers were:
Roma
1956 104,216 (0.6%)
1966 64,197 (0.3%)
1977 227,398 (1%)
1992 401,087 (1.8%)
2002 535,140 (2.4%)


The reason for the small number of registered Roms in 1966 is unknown. The 1966-census data is suspected to be manipulated.

In 1985 an estimating put the number of Roma People in Romania at 760,000.

According to studies carried out in 1993 by a group of researches in the university of Bucharest
University of Bucharest
The University of Bucharest , in Romania, is a university founded in 1864 by decree of Prince Alexander John Cuza to convert the former Saint Sava Academy into the current University of Bucharest.-Presentation:...

 estimate the number of Roma people
Roma people
The Romani, who are known collectively in the Romani language as Romane or Rromane and also as Romany, Romanies, Romanis, Roma or Roms, are an ethnic group living mostly in Europe, who trace their origins to the Indian Subcontinent...

 live in Romania as high at 1,010,000 people (4,4 % of the total Romania population in 1993). The institute of life quality research project in 1998 where investigate the real number of Roma people
Roma people
The Romani, who are known collectively in the Romani language as Romane or Rromane and also as Romany, Romanies, Romanis, Roma or Roms, are an ethnic group living mostly in Europe, who trace their origins to the Indian Subcontinent...

 state that at least 1,452,700 Roma people must have lived in Romania in 1998.

Since the EU-membership 2007 have many Roma people left Romania behind in hope to find better social welfare and social protection in other western EU-Countries.

Some other estimations put a number of 700,000-750,000 for the year 2008 and 2011 (3,6 to 3,9% of the total Romanian population). Though the authors issue no clear explanation of the figures.

After 2007

The accession of Romania to the European Union in 2007 determined many members of the Romani minority, the most socially disadvantaged ethnic group in Romania, to migrate in masses to various Western countries (mostly to Spain, Italy, Austria, Germany, France) hoping to find a better life. The exact number of emigrants is unknown. Florin Cioabă, an important leader of the Romani community (also known as the "King of all Gypsies") declared in an interview that he worries that Romania may lose its Romani minority.
The next population census will take place in 2011.

Cultural influence

Romani music has had a significant influence in Romanian culture, as most lăutari
Lautari
The Romanian word Lăutar denotes a class of traditional musicians. Most often, and by tradition, Lăutari are members of a professional clan of Romani musicians , also called Ţigani lăutari. The term is derived from Lăută the name of a string instrument...

(wedding and party musicians) are of Romani ethnicity. Renowned Romanian Romani musicians and bands include Grigoraş Dinicu
Grigoras Dinicu
Grigoraş Ionică Dinicu was a Romanian composer and violinist or violin virtuoso. He is most famous for his often-played virtuoso violin showpiece "Hora staccato" and for making popular the tune Ciocârlia, composed by his grandfather Angheluș Dinicu for "nai"...

, Johnny Răducanu
Johnny Raducanu
Johnny Răducanu was a Romanian jazz pianist of Romani ethnic background, whose family has a long musical tradition dating back to the 17th century....

, Ion Voicu
Ion Voicu
Ion Voicu was a Romanian violinist and orchestral conductor of Romani ethnicity. In 1969 he founded the award-winning Bucharest Chamber Orchestra, which is now conducted by his son Mădălin Voicu....

 and Taraf de Haïdouks. In recent years, some Romani artists have started to publish traditional Romani music in albums as a measure of ethnic preservation.

The musical genre manele
Manele
Manele is a music style from Romania, generally associated with the Romani minority, though not exclusively....

, a part of Romanian pop culture, is often sung by Romani singers in Romania and has been influenced in part by Romani music, but mostly by Oriental music brought in Romania from Turkey during the 19th century. A subject of controversy, this kind of music is both considered to be low-class kitsch by some people in Romania and enjoyed by others as fun party music.

Integration in Romanian society

According to a 2009 report of the European Union's Fundamental Rights Agency,
the discrimination perception of the Romani community of Romania is lower
than that of the other EU countries covered by the report. The perceived
discrimination levels given by the report are:
  • Czech Republic 64%: Hungary 62%: Poland 59%: Greece 55%: Slovakia 41%: Bulgaria 26%: Romania 25%:

Based on this report, Romanian newspapers have stated that the Romani minority in Romania is the 'least discriminated Romani minority in Eastern Europe' .


The same report suggested that the favorable responses from Bulgaria and, to a lesser extent, Romania be regarded with caution, as the low levels of reported discrimination might be a result of the high levels of segregation between Roma and non-Roma:


spatial segregation is high amongst the Roma; (that is, they
are living in areas predominantly populated by other Roma):
highest in Bulgaria (72%), Romania (66%), Slovakia (65%) and
Greece (63%). The implications of this should be borne in
mind when looking at the results, as higher levels of spatial
segregation imply that Roma respondents are cut-off from
mainstream society, which, on the one hand implies that
they experience high levels of discrimination, but, on the
other hand, may serve to shelter them from discriminatory
treatment as contact with the majority population is limited


A 2000 EU report about Roma said that in Romania… the continued high levels of discrimination are a serious concern.. and progress has been limited to programmes aimed at improving access to education.

The EU has launched a program entitled Decade of Roma Inclusion
Decade of Roma Inclusion
The Decade of Roma Inclusion is an initiative of 12 European countries to improve the socio-economic status and social inclusion of the Romani minority across the region...

 to combat this and other problems.

A survey of the Pro Democraţia association in Romania revealed that 94% of the questioned persons believe that the Romanian citizenship
Romanian nationality law
Romanian nationality law is based on the 1991 Romanian Citizenship law. It is based on the social policy of jus sanguinis , by which nationality or citizenship is not determined by place of birth, but by having an ancestor who is a national or citizen of the state. It contrasts with jus soli...

 should be revoked to the ethnic Roms who commit crimes abroad.

Self-proclaimed "Romani royalty"

The Romani community has:
  • An "Emperor of Roma from Everywhere", as Iulian Rădulescu proclaimed himself. In 1997, Iulian Rădulescu announced the creation of Cem Romengo - the first Rom state in Târgu Jiu
    Târgu Jiu
    Târgu Jiu is the capital of Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania. It is situated on the Southern Sub-Carpathians, on the banks of the river Jiu. Eight villages are administered by the city: Bârseşti, Drăgoeni, Iezureni, Polata, Preajba Mare, Româneşti, Slobozia and Ursaţi.-History:The city takes its name...

    , in southwest Romania. According to Rădulescu, "this state has a symbolic value and does not affect the sovereignty and unity of Romania. It does not have armed forces and does not have borders". According to the 2002 population census, in Târgu Jiu there are 96,79% Romanians
    Romanians
    The Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania....

     (93.546 people), 3,01% (Roma) (2.916 people) and 0,20% others.
  • A "King of Roma". In 1992, Ioan Cioabă proclaimed himself King of Roma at Horezu
    Horezu
    Horezu is a town located in Vâlcea County, Romania, about 43km from Râmnicu Vâlcea. The town administers six villages: Ifrimeşti, Râmeşti, Romanii de Jos, Romanii de Sus, Tănăseşti and Urşani....

    , "in front of more than 10,000 Rroms" (according to his son's declaration). His son, Florin Cioabă, succeeded him as king.
  • An "International King of Roma". On August 31, 2003, according to a decree issued by Emperor Iulian, Ilie Stănescu was proclaimed king. The ceremony took place in Curtea de Argeş Cathedral
    Curtea de Arges Cathedral
    The Cathedral of Curtea de Argeș is a church in Curtea de Argeș, Romania, located in the grounds of a monastery. It is dedicated to Saint Nicholas....

    , the Orthodox Church
    Romanian Orthodox Church
    The Romanian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church. It is in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox churches, and is ranked seventh in order of precedence. The Primate of the church has the title of Patriarch...

     where Romania's Hohenzollern monarchs were crowned and are buried. Ilie Stănescu died in December, 2007.

Early age marriage scandal

On September 27, 2003, Ana Maria Cioabă, the 12-year-old daughter of Florin Cioabă (the so-called "King of Roma") was forced to marry Mihai Birita, a 15-year-old boy. Since both were below Romania's legal age of marriage (set at 16), no official marriage ceremony was performed. Ana Maria Cioabă fled from the wedding, but her father brought her back and she was forcibly married. Particularly controversial was the fact that the groom showed the wedding guests a bloodied bed sheet to prove that the marriage had been consummated; in Romania, the age of consent is 15 years old, so sexual contact with the 12-year-old girl was illegal under Romanian law. A friend of her, Ms Dana Chendea, said "She told me it was the worst thing that ever happened to her. She felt like a huge rock fell on her."

Baroness Emma Nicholson
Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne
Emma Harriet Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne is a British politician. Formerly the Conservative then Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Torridge and West Devon she is a now life peer, and a former Liberal Democrat Member of the European Parliament for South East England.-Early...

, the European Parliament
European Parliament
The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world...

 rapporteur for Romania, said that it was a rape and the child must be given over to foster care
Foster care
Foster care is the term used for a system in which a minor who has been made a ward is placed in the private home of a state certified caregiver referred to as a "foster parent"....

. Subsequently, the Romanian authorities decided that Ana-Maria Cioabă and Mihai Birita must live separately and must not have any sexual relationships until the legal age of marriage. Ana-Maria was not, however, sent to foster care.

Doru-Viorel Ursu, a former Romanian Minister of the Interior (1990–1991), was the godfather of the young bride.

Florin Cioabă said that he believes, also, that there shouldn't be marriages between Romani children anymore, but he argued that hundred years old traditions cannot be changed over night.

The median age at which the first marriage for Romani girls happen is 19.

A gypsy Beverly Hills

In May 19th, 2011

, Neil Syson, a British journalist, wrote about the situation in Tandarei
Tandarei
Ţăndărei is a town in Ialomiţa County, Romania, with a population of 12,000. It is located on the Bărăgan Plain and it is crossed by the Ialomiţa River. It was declared a town in 1968....

, a town near Bucharest
Bucharest
Bucharest is the capital municipality, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the Dâmbovița River....

, that nowadays is full of gypsy and the luxurious villas they live in, such neighborhoods of villas being very common in most of the parts of Romania, drastically changing the local urbanism
Urbanism
Broadly, urbanism is a focus on cities and urban areas, their geography, economies, politics, social characteristics, as well as the effects on, and caused by, the built environment.-Philosophy:...

, by using their own gypsy architecture. He writes "Pastel-coloured American-style mansions worth up to £500,000 line Bucharesti Street in a bizarre contrast to the ramshackle peasant huts further down the road."

Notable people

  • Ştefan Răzvan
    Stefan Razvan
    Ştefan Răzvan was a Rom from the historical Romanian state of Wallachia, who became the Voivode of Moldavia .-Biography:...

     (Romani father), voivod of Moldavia
  • Grigoraş Dinicu
    Grigoras Dinicu
    Grigoraş Ionică Dinicu was a Romanian composer and violinist or violin virtuoso. He is most famous for his often-played virtuoso violin showpiece "Hora staccato" and for making popular the tune Ciocârlia, composed by his grandfather Angheluș Dinicu for "nai"...

    , violinist
  • Damian Draghici
    Damian Draghici
    Damian Drăghici is a Romanian-Romani musician, best known as nai player, and possibly the most noted exponent of this particular instrument in the world of jazz.- Early life :...

    , player of the nai
    Nai (pan flute)
    The nai is a Romanian and also Moldavian diatonic pan flute used since the 17th century and used in lăutari bands.-Structure:...

  • Ştefan Bănică, Sr.
    Stefan Banica, Sr.
    Ștefan Constantin Bănică was a Romanian actor and singer, of Romani ethnicity, from Călărași. Aside from starring in multiple films, he is also known for his interpretation of songs such as "Îmi acordați un dans", "Cum am ajuns să te iubesc", "Gioconda se mărită", "Hei, coșar, coșar" and "Astă...

    , singer
  • Ştefan Bănică, Jr.
    Stefan Banica, Jr.
    Ștefan Bănică, Jr. is a Romanian entertainer, the son of actor Ștefan Bănică. In his early career he starred in a couple of successful romantic films ....

    , singer
  • Fănică Luca
    Fanica Luca
    Fănică Luca was a Romani-Romanian musician and a pan pipe virtuoso, who was the first to make this instrument popular outside his own country....

    , player of the nai
  • Bănel Nicoliţă
    Banel Nicolita
    Bănel Nicoliță, is a Romanian football player currently playing for Ligue 1 side Saint-Étienne. Nicoliță is nicknamed Jardel after the famous Mário Jardel of Brazil. He can play as a right or left winger, and is known for his electrifying pace.-Brăila and Politehnica Timişoara:He made his debut in...

    , footballer
  • Alexandru Neagu
    Alexandru Neagu
    Alexandru "Sandu" Neagu was a Romanian footballer.-Career:He made his debut in 1965 and two years later he won the national championship . He won the Romanian Cup twice in 1972 and 1975...

    , footballer
  • Johnny Răducanu
    Johnny Raducanu
    Johnny Răducanu was a Romanian jazz pianist of Romani ethnic background, whose family has a long musical tradition dating back to the 17th century....

    , jazz musician
  • Adrian Copilul Minune
    Adrian Copilul Minune
    Adrian Minune is a Romani-Romanian manele singer.- Family :Adrian Minune married his long time life-partner Cati in 2004 and has two daughters and a son with her...

    , manele
    Manele
    Manele is a music style from Romania, generally associated with the Romani minority, though not exclusively....

     singer
  • Ion Voicu
    Ion Voicu
    Ion Voicu was a Romanian violinist and orchestral conductor of Romani ethnicity. In 1969 he founded the award-winning Bucharest Chamber Orchestra, which is now conducted by his son Mădălin Voicu....

    , classical violinist and conductor
  • Mădălin Voicu
    Madalin Voicu
    Mădălin Ştefan Voicu is a Romanian musician and politician of Romani ethnicity. Voicu is a member of the Social Democratic Party , and has been a parliamentarian in the Chamber of Deputies since 1996...

    , conductor
  • Adrian Năstase
    Adrian Nastase
    Adrian Năstase is a Romanian politician who was the Prime Minister of Romania from December 2000 to December 2004.He competed as the Social Democratic Party candidate in the 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by centre-right Justice and Truth Alliance candidate Traian Băsescu.He was...

     (Romani grandmother), politician, former Prime Minister of Romania
  • Nicolae Guţă
    Nicolae Guta
    Nicolae Guţă , born Nicolae Linguraru on December 3, 1967 in Petroşani, Romania, is a Romani manele and Gypsy jazz singer. He is the father of manele and ethno-pop singer Nicoleta Guţă.-Musical career:...

    , manele
    Manele
    Manele is a music style from Romania, generally associated with the Romani minority, though not exclusively....

     singer
  • Marcel Pavel
    Marcel Pavel
    Marcel Pavel is a popular singer in Romania. His singing talents brought him to the top of the Romanian charts more than once. In 2002 Marcel was elected as The best male voice. His first hit was "Frumoasa mea" by Ovidiu Komornyc. His latest album is "Te vreau langa mine"...

    , singer
  • Fărâmiţă Lambru
    Fărâmiţă Lambru
    Fărâmiţă Lambru was a well known gypsy lăutar from Romania.-Biography:Fărâmiţă Lambru was born in a family of lăutari. As a child, he learned how to sing from his father, Tudor Fărâmiţă. He collaborated with Maria Tănase from 1953 until Maria Tănase died...

    , singer
  • Nelu Ploieşteanu, singer
  • Anca Parghel
    Anca Parghel
    Anca Parghel , Romanian jazz artist, was a singer who excelled in scat, improvisation and vocal percussion...

     (Romani grandmother, possible Romani grandfather), jazz singer
  • Connect-R
    Connect-R
    Stefan Mihalache , better known by his stage name Connect-R is a Romanian hip hop and pop musician, producer and occasional actor, best known for his association with Romanian hip hop group R.A.C.L.A. early in his career and the successful solo career that followed his leaving of the group...

    , singer

See also

  • National Agency for the Roma
    National Agency for the Roma
    The National Agency for the Roma is an agency of the Romanian government which seeks to improve the social and economic situation of Romania's Roma minority, which make up 2.5% of the population and are the country's most disadvantaged minority.A government agency for Roma affairs was...

    , an agency of the Romanian government dealing with Rom affairs
  • Slavery in Romania
    Slavery in Romania
    Slavery existed on the territory of present-day Romania from before the founding of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 13th–14th century, until it was abolished in stages during the 1840s and 1850s. Most of the slaves were of Roma ethnicity...

  • List of towns in Romania by Romani population
  • Antiziganism
    Antiziganism
    Antiziganism or Anti-Romanyism is hostility, prejudice or racism directed at the Romani people, also known as Gypsies.As an endogamous culture with a tendency to practise self-segregation, the Romanis have generally resisted assimilation with the indigenous communities of whichever countries they...

  • 2006 Ferentari riot
    2006 Ferentari riot
    A small riot took place in Ferentari-Zabrauti area of Bucharest, Romania, on the evening of November 14, 2006. Ferentari is Bucharest's poorest district, and has the city's largest population of ethnic Roma people....


External links

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