This article presents the demographic history of Romania

Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...

through census

Census

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

 results. See Demographics of Romania

Demographics of Romania

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Romania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population....

 for a more detailed overview of the country's present-day demographics.

The 1930 census was the only one to cover Greater Romania

Greater Romania

The Greater Romania generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years between the First World War and the Second World War, the largest geographical extent of Romania up to that time and its largest peacetime extent ever ; more precisely, it refers to the territory of the Kingdom of...

. Censuses in 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 and 2002 covered Romania's present-day territory. All but the 1948 census, which asked about mother tongue, had a question on ethnicity. Moldavia

Moldavia

Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...

 and Wallachia

Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...

 each held a census in 1859. The Romanian Old Kingdom

Romanian Old Kingdom

The Romanian Old Kingdom is a colloquial term referring to the territory covered by the first independent Romanian nation state, which was composed of the Danubian Principalities—Wallachia and Moldavia...

 conducted statistical estimates in 1884, 1889 and 1894, and held censuses in 1899 and 1912. Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu

Ion Victor Antonescu was a Romanian soldier, authoritarian politician and convicted war criminal. The Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, he presided over two successive wartime dictatorships...

's regime also held two: a general one in April 1941, and one for those with "Jewish blood" in May 1942.

1866 estimate

Religion	number	%
Romanian Orthodox	4,198,862	94.9
Jewish	134,168	3.0
Roman Catholic	45,152	1.0
Protestant	28,903	0.7
Armenian Apostolic	8,375	0.2
Armenian Catholic	8,178	0.2
Muslim	1,323	0.0
Total	4,424,961	100.0

1887 estimate

Ethnicity	number	%
Romanians	4,500,000	81.8
Jews	300,000	5.5
Roma	200,000	3.6
Bulgarians	100,000	1.8
Germans	50,000	0.9
Hungarians	50,000	0.9
Armenians	15,000	0.3
Others*	285,000	5.2
Total	5,500,000	100.0

*Mainly in Dobruja

Dobruja

Dobruja is a historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, including the Danube Delta, Romanian coast and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast...

 (details)

December 1899 census

Ethnicity	number	%
Romanians	5,489,296	92.2
Jews	256,588	4.3
Others	210,806	3.5
Total	5,956,690	100.0

19 December 1912 census

	number	%
Total	7,234,919	100.0

29 December 1930 census

Ethnicity	number	%
Romanians	12,981,324	71.9
Hungarians	1,425,507	7.9
Germans	745,421	4.1
Jews	728,115	4.0
Ruthenians and Ukrainians	582,115	3.2
Russians	409,150	2.3
Bulgarians	366,384	2.0
Roma	262,501	1.5
Turks	154,772	0.9
Gagauz	105,750	0.6
Czechs and Slovaks	51,842	0.3
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	51,062	0.3
Poles	48,310	0.3
Greeks	26,495	0.1
Tatars	22,141	0.1
Armenians	15,544	0.0
Hutsuls	12,456	0.0
Albanians	4,670	0.0
Others	56,355	0.3
Undeclared	7,114	0.0
Total	18,057,028	100.0

6 April 1941 census

	number	%
Total	13,535,757	100.0

25 January 1948 census

Mother tongue	number	%
Romanian	13,597,613	85.7
Hungarian	1,499,851	9.4
German	343,913	2.2
Yiddish	138,795	0.9
Romani	53,425	0.3
Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian	45,447	0.3
Russian	39,332	0.2
Ukrainian	37,582	0.2
Czech and Slovak	35,143	0.2
Turkish and Tatar	28,782	0.2
Bulgarian	13,408	0.1
Greek	8,696	0.1
Armenian	6,987	0.0
Polish	6,753	0.0
Albanian	735	0.0
Others	15,639	0.2
Undeclared	523	0.0
Total	15,872,624	100.0

21 February 1956 census

Ethnicity	number	%
Romanians	14,996,114	85.7
Hungarians	1,587,675	9.1
Germans	384,708	2.2
Jews	146,264	0.8
Roma	104,216	0.6
Ukrainians	60,479	0.4
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	46,517	0.3
Russians	38,731	0.2
Slovaks	23,331	0.2
Tatars	20,469	0.2
Turks	14,329	0.1
Bulgarians	12,040	0.1
Czechs	11,821	0.0
Greeks	11,166	0.0
Poles	7,627	0.0
Armenians	6,441	0.0
Others	13,357	0.1
Undeclared	4,165	0.0
Total	17,489,450	100.0

15 March 1966 census

Ethnicity	number	%
Romanians	16,746,510	87.7
Hungarians	1,619,592	8.5
Germans	382,595	2.0
Roma	64,197	0.3
Ukrainians	54,705	0.3
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	44,236	0.3
Jews	42,888	0.2
Russians	39,483	0.2
Slovaks	22,221	0.1
Tatars	22,151	0.1
Turks	18,040	0.1
Bulgarians	11,193	0.1
Czechs	9,978	0.0
Greeks	9,088	0.0
Poles	5,860	0.0
Armenians	3,436	0.0
Others	4,681	0.0
Undeclared	2,309	0.0
Total	19,103,163	100.0

5 January 1977 census

Ethnicity	number	%
Romanians	18,999,565	88.1
Hungarians	1,713,928	7.9
Germans	359,109	1.6
Roma	227,398	1.05
Ukrainians	55,510	0.3
Serbs	34,429	0.2
Russians	32,696	0.2
Jews	24,667	0.1
Turks	23,422	0.1
Tatars	23,369	0.1
Slovaks	21,286	0.1
Bulgarians	10,372	0.0
Czechs	7,683	0.0
Croats	7,500	0.0
Greeks	6,262	0.0
Poles	4,641	0.0
Armenians	2,342	0.0
Others	5,279	0.0
Undeclared	452	0.0
Total	21,559,910	100.0

7 January 1992 census

Ethnicity	number	%
Romanians	20,408,542	89.5
Hungarians	1,624,959	7.1
Roma	401,087	1.8
Germans	119,462	0.5
Ukrainians	65,472	0.3
Russians	38,606	0.2
Turks	29,832	0.1
Serbs	29,408	0.1
Tatars	24,596	0.1
Slovaks	19,594	0.1
Bulgarians	9,851	0.1
Jews	8,955	0.0
Czechs	5,797	0.0
Poles	4,232	0.0
Croats	4,085	0.0
Greeks	3,940	0.0
Armenians	1,957	0.0
Others	8,894	0.0
Undeclared	766	0.0
Total	22,810,035	100.0

18 March 2002 census

Ethnicity	number	%
Romanians	19,399,597	89.5
Hungarians	1,431,807	6.6
Roma	535,140	2.5
Ukrainians	61,098	0.3
Germans	59,764	0.3
Lipovan Russians	35,791	0.2
Turks	32,098	0.2
Tatars	23,935	0.1
Serbs	22,561	0.1
Slovaks	17,226	0.1
Bulgarians	8,025	0.0
Croats	6,807	0.0
Greeks	6,472	0.0
Jews	5,785	0.0
Czechs	3,941	0.0
Poles	3,559	0.0
Italians	3,288	0.0
Chinese	2,243	0.0
Armenians	1,780	0.0
Csángó	1,266	0.0
Macedonians Macedonians (ethnic group) The Macedonians also referred to as Macedonian Slavs: "... the term Slavomacedonian was introduced and was accepted by the community itself, which at the time had a much more widespread non-Greek Macedonian ethnic consciousness...	695	0.0
Albanians	477	0.0
Ruthenians	257	0.0
Krashovani	206	0.0
Slovenes	202	0.0
Others	15,013	0.1
Undeclared	1,941	0.0
Total	21,680,974	100.0