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Deal or No Deal
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Deal or No Deal is the name of several closely related television game shows, the first of which (launching the format) was produced by Dutch producer Endemol.
eal or No Deal is played in many different ways around the world. Many different countries have their own version or versions of the show, each with version-specific twists on the same general format. The general format is described here.
The central game of Deal or No Deal involves a contestant, a banker, and a host/presenter who emcees the game.

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Encyclopedia
Deal or No Deal is the name of several closely related television game shows, the first of which (launching the format) was produced by Dutch producer Endemol.
Gameplay
Deal or No Deal is played in many different ways around the world. Many different countries have their own version or versions of the show, each with version-specific twists on the same general format. The general format is described here.
The central game of Deal or No Deal involves a contestant, a banker, and a host/presenter who emcees the game. The game revolves around the opening of a set of numbered briefcases (or boxes), each of which contains a different prize (cash or otherwise). The contents of all of the briefcases are known at the start of the game, but the specific location of any prize is unknown. The value of each of the boxes or briefcases is indicated by a label or card sealed within it.
The contestant claims (or is assigned) a briefcase to begin the game. The case's value is not revealed until the conclusion of the game.
The contestant then begins choosing cases to be removed from play. The amount inside each choice is immediately revealed; by process of elimination, the amount revealed cannot be inside the player's chosen case. Throughout the game, after a predetermined number of cases have been opened, the banker offers the contestant an amount of money and/or prizes to quit the game, the offer based roughly on the amounts remaining in play and the contestant's demeanor. The player then answers the titular question, choosing:
- "Deal", accepting the offer presented and ending the game, or
- "No Deal", rejecting the offer and continuing the game.
This process of removing cases and receiving offers continues, until either the player accepts an offer to 'deal', or all offers have been rejected and the values of all unselected cases are revealed. The player wins the value of the deal taken, or if no deal is taken, the contents of the player's case.
Should a player end the game by taking a deal, a pseudo-game is continued from that point to see how much the player could have won by remaining in the game. Depending on subsequent choices and offers, it is determined whether or not the contestant made a "good deal", i.e. won more than if the game were allowed to continue.
Since the range of possible values is known at the start of each game, how much the banker offers at any given point changes based on what values have been eliminated. To promote suspense and lengthen games, the banker's offer is usually less than the expected value dictated by probability theory, particularly early in the game. Generally, the offers early in the game are very low relative to the values still in play and approach (or even exceed) the average of the remaining values near the end of the game.
Only a few people have ever won the top prize on any version of the show (see table below). For a contestant to win the top prize the player would have to select the case containing the top prize and reject every offer the banker makes during the game. While the chances of a player selecting the top prize are reasonable (4-5% depending on how many amounts are in the game), the chances that a player will be able to turn down a number of inevitably large offers to win that top prize are much smaller.
International Variations
Various versions of Deal or No Deal have between 20 and 26 prizes in the game; some versions have only cash values, others include prizes such as a car or booby prizes. For instance, there are 26 cases in the prime time U.S. version, containing cash values from 1 cent to $1,000,000. The daytime US version only has 22 values, ranging from $.01 to $500,000. Alternately, the Australian version has 26 values from 50 cents to $200,000, but includes a car as one of its more valuable prizes.
The stopping points at which the Banker places an offer vary wildly from format to format. In a small number of variants, the Banker knows the locations of the prizes.
In some versions, a player who rejects all offers is given the option to swap the initially selected case for the last unrevealed case before revealing the contestant's final prize. Some versions even allow the banker to offer the opportunity to swap in lieu of a cash offer during gameplay.
Some versions occasionally add side games, with or without impact to the central game.
There are also scores of variations in presentation otherwise having little or no effect on the central game.
Worldwide, the largest active-play offer made (after adjusting for exchange rates) is €1,495,000 on Dutch version Miljoenenjacht, offered on November 13, 2005. The offer was accepted, and stands as the biggest win in the history of the format, despite many versions (either occasionally or permanently) having higher top prizes.
Deal or No Deal and scientific research
Deal or No Deal has attracted attention from mathematicians, statisticians, and economists as a natural decision-making experiment. A team of economists has analyzed the decisions of people appearing in European and US episodes of Deal or No Deal and found, among other things, that contestants are less risk-averse or even risk-seeking when they have seen their expected winnings tumble. In their follow-up article they find that contestants behave similarly in ten different versions of the show, despite large differences in the amounts at stake; amounts appear to be evaluated in relative terms, for example in proportion to the initial average, and not in terms of their absolute monetary value. The research project received a great deal of media attention, appearing on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on January 12, 2006 as well as being featured on National Public Radio in the United States on March 3, 2006.
Parodies of Deal or No Deal
There are many parodies of this show, the most famous being called Meal or No Meal, a parody in which the music from the US version is used, the only difference is that there are 12 cases ranging from 1 pound to 100,000 pounds of beef. An online game following the DOND format was also released.
The first season of the Danish comedy show "Tak for i aften" featured sketches where, for example. a man tried to buy bread, and then had to choose between the bread, or some unidentified item, while the baker asked him 'Deal or no deal?', and a Muslim wedding, where the groom could choose between his bride, or other unknown people, ending up with him saying "No deal", and selecting a male bride.
The Show is also frequently parodied by the Dick and Dom team both in the Bungalow as Muck or no Muck (a creamy muck muck finale hosted by the dimunitive Little Noelly Muckmonds)and in Da Dairies of Dick and Dom with "a high-powered game of strategy" entitled Game or No Game.
International versions The show has many versions that air around the world:
| Country | Name | Host | Station | Language | First Year Aired | Website | | Kutia | Enkel Demi | TV Klan | Albanian | 2004 | | | Trato Hecho | Julian Weich | Telefé | Spanish | 2004 | | | ??? ??? ?? ??? Dil kam No Dil | Unknown | Armenia TV | Armenian | Unknown | | | Deal or No Deal | Andrew O'Keefe | Channel Seven | English | 2003 | | | Deal or No Deal (Austria) | Rainhard Fendrich | ORF1 | German | 2005 | | | Miljoenenjacht | Walter Grootaers | VTM | Dutch | 2004 | | | Te Nemen of Te Laten | Felice | VijfTV | Dutch | 2007 | | | Deal or No Deal- Uzmi ili Ostavi | Jusuf Višnji | OBN | Bosnian | 2008 | | Topa ou Não Topa | Silvio Santos | SBT | Portuguese | 2006 | | | ?????? ??? ?? | Rumen Lukanov | Nova Television | Bulgarian | 2005 | | | Deal or No Deal | Ith Sitha | CTN | Khmer | 2008 | | Deal or No Deal Canada | Howie Mandel | Global | English | 2007 | | | Le Banquier | Julie Snyder | TVA | French | 2007 | | | E! Canada (formerly CH) regularly airs first-run episodes of the U.S. English-language version, though episodes have also aired on Global. Episodes are repeated on TVtropolis. | | Trato Hecho | Don Francisco | TVN | Spanish | 2004 | | | ¡Allá Tú! | Julián Elfenbein | Chilevision | Spanish | 2007 | |  | (info unknown) | | | | | | | ¡Hay Trato! | Carlos Calero | Canal Caracol | Spanish | 2005 | | | El Familion Nestle | Nelson Bustamante | Repretel Canal 11 | Spanish | unknown | | | Uzmi ili ostavi | Željko Pervan Mirko Fodor Mario Petrekovic | Croatian Radiotelevision | Croatian | 2006 | |  | (seen in this country; info unknown) | | | | | | | | Ber nebo neber | Pavel Zuna | TV Prima | Czech | 2007 | | | Deal No Deal | Casper Christensen | TV 2 | Danish | 2006 | | | | Trato Hecho con Nestle | Frank Perozo / Mia Taveras | Antena Latina | Spanish | 2008 | Teampack sa | | Trato Hecho (Ecuador) | Roberto Angelelli | Teleamazonas | Spanish | 2006 | | | Võta või jäta | Alari Kivisaar | TV3 | Estonian | 2007 | | | Ota tai jätä | Pauli Aalto-Setälä | Nelonen | Finnish | 2007 | | | À prendre ou à laisser | Arthur | TF1 | French | 2004 | | | Va-Bank | Misha Mshvildadze | Rustavi 2 | Georgian | 2008 | www.rustavi2.com | | Der Millionen-Deal (first season) | Linda de Mol | Sat.1 | German | 2004 | | Deal or No Deal - Die Show der Glücksspirale (from season two onward) | Guido Cantz | Sat.1 | German | 2005 | | | Deal (weekdays) | Christos Ferendinos | ANT1 | Greek | 2006 | | | Super Deal (weekends) | |  | Deal or No Deal/???? | Michael Hui (Season 1) | TVB Jade and TVB Pearl | Cantonese(Jade) English(Pearl) | 2006 | | | Alfred Cheung (Season 2) | 2007 | | Áll az alku | Gábor Gundel Takács | TV2 | Hungarian | 2004 | | | Deal Ya No Deal | Rajeev Khandelwal | SET | Hindi and English | 2005 | | | Deal Or No Deal Indonesia | Tantowi Yahya | RCTI | Indonesian | 2007 | | | ??? ?? ?? ??? | Moran Atias | 10 | Hebrew | 2005 | | | Affari Tuoi | Max Giusti | Rai Uno | Italian | 2003 | | | Za diiru/The Deal | Shinsuke Shimada | Fuji Television | Japanese | 2006 | | | (seen in this country; info unknown) | | | | | | | Deal or No Deal | Michel Sanan | LBC | Arabic | 2005 | | | Taip arba Ne | Marijonas Mikutavicius | TV3 Lithuania | Lithuanian | 2007 | |  | Deal or No Deal Malaysia | Aanont Wathanasin | NTV7 | English | 3 November 2007 | | | ???? Deal or No Deal | Goh Wee Ping (Season 1), Owen Yap, (Season 2) | NTV7 | Chinese | 2007 | | Deal or No Deal (Maltese Game Show) | Pablo Micallef | TVM | Maltese | 2007 | | | To Pran to pas Pran? | Hassen Rojoa | MBC D6 | French | 2007 | | | Vas o No Vas | Héctor Sandarti | Televisa | Spanish | 2005 | | | Raffle le fric et braque la banque | Pierre Van Klaveren | M1 | French | 2006 | | | Tu prendres ou tu ne prendres pas? | Mohammed El Jabber | 2M TV | French and Arabic. | 2007 | | | | Miljoenenjacht (original version) and season | Linda de Mol | TROS, Tien, RTL4 | Dutch | 2000 | | Deal or No Deal (direct version) small program | Beau van Erven Dorens | Tien, RTL5 | Dutch | 2006 | | | Deal or No Deal | Jeremy Corbett | TV3 | English | 2007 | | | The Australian version of Deal or No Deal also airs in New Zealand on Prime TV. | | Deal or No Deal Nigeria | John Fashanu | M-Net Africa | English | 2007 | | | Deal or No Deal | Sturla Berg-Johansen | TV2 | Norwegian | 2006 | | | El Familion Nestle | Nelson Bustamante | Telemetro Panamá | Spanish | unknown | | | Trato Hecho | Adolfo Aguilar | ATV | Spanish | 2005 | | | | Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal | Kris Aquino | ABS-CBN | Filipino and English | 2006-2008 2008-present | | | Grasz czy nie grasz | Tadeusz Sznuk | Polsat | Polish | 2005 | | | Pegar ou Largar | Rui Unas | SIC Network | Portuguese | 2006 | | | Da sau nu | Mihai Dobrovolschi | Prima TV | Romanian | 2005 | Unknown | | Accepti sau nu | Gabriel Covesanu | Kanal D | Romanian | 2008 | | | ??? ??? ?????? | Nikolay Fomenko | Channel One | Russian | 2004 | | | ?????? (or Transaction) | Alexei Veselkin | REN TV | Russian | 2006 | | | Uzmi ili ostavi | Milorad Mandic Manda | B92 | Serbian | 2007 | | |
>| Deal or No Deal | Adrian Pang | English | Late 2007 | | | Deal or No Deal | Adrian Pang | Channel 5 | English | 2007 | . | | Ruku na to | Unknown | STV | Slovakian | 2007 | | | Vzemi ali pusti | Bojan Emeršic | POP TV | Slovenian | Unknown | | | Deal or No Deal | Ed Jordan | M-Net | English | 2007 | | | Yes or No | Shin Dong-Yeob | tvN | Korean | 2006 | | | ¡Allá tú! | Jesús Vázquez Silvia Jato | Telecinco | Spanish | 2004 | | | Gando, no Gando | Unknown | SirasaTV | Sinhalese | 2008 | | | Deal or No Deal | Martin Timell | TV4 | Swedish | 2006 | | | Deal or No Deal - Das Risiko | Roman Kilchsperger | SF 1 | German | 2004 | | | Deal or No Deal - ????????????? | Dom Hetrakul | ThaiTV 3 | Thai | 2004 | | | Deal or No Deal - Dlilek Mlek | Sami El Fihri | Tunis 7 | Arabic | 2004 | | | Trilyon Avi | Zafer Ergin | aTV | Turkish | 2003 | | | Büyük Teklif | Halit Ergenç | Kanal D | Turkish | 2006 | | | Var misin? Yok musun? | Acun Ilicali | Show TV | Turkish | 2007 | | | Var Misin Yok Musun? | Acun Ilicali | aTV | Turkish | 2008 | | | | Deal or No Deal | Noel Edmonds | Channel 4 Ladbrokes | English | 2005 |
| | | Deal or No Deal (NBC Primetime) | Howie Mandel | NBC | English | 2005 | | | Deal or No Deal (NBC Universal Television Distribution daytime version) | Howie Mandel | Syndicated by NBC Universal Television Distribution | English | 2008 | | | Vas o No Vas | Héctor Sandarti | Telemundo (NBC Universal) | Spanish | 2006 | | | Ði tìm ?n s? | | HTV | Vietnamese | 2005 | | | Saka Kana Aa Saka | Tande Newton and Isaac Smith | TVZim01, ZBC, TeleZim | Shona, Ndebele, English | 2007 | |
Véronique Landry is the only model to appear on more than one version of the show, on both the French and English Canadian versions. Howie Mandel, Héctor Sandarti, and Linda de Mol each have hosted multiple versions of the show: Mandel, with the American English and English Canadian versions, Sandarti with both the American Spanish and Mexican Spanish versions, and de Mol with both the Netherlands Dutch and German (in 2004) versions of the show. In the UK version Deal or no Deal helped relaunch Noel Edmonds' career.
Other countries that have their own versions of the show include Albania, Armenia, Austria, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Portugal (SIC network), Puerto Rico, and Vietnam, according to the UK version's website.
Top prize winners on international versions
All amounts below the prizes are their equivalents in United States dollars, and those in USD at the time of their big win.
| Country | Name(s) | Amount won | Previous offer | Other amount |
|---|
| Dean Cartechini (June 17, 2004) | A$200,000 ($178,659, back then $136,986) | A$102,500 ($91,563, back then $74,818) | A$5 ($4.47, back then $3.65) | Anh Do (celebrity) (September 19, 2007) | A$200,000 | A$125,000 ($111,662) | A$75,000 ($66,997) | | Paulo (April, 2007) | R$1,000,000 ($557,678, back then $492,611) | R$444,000 ($247,609, back then $218,719) | R$100 ($55.77 back then $49.26) | | Veneta Raykova (celebrity) (February, 2006) | 75,000 BGN ($54,819) | unknown | unknown | | Mauricio Hermosilla (May 4, 2007) | CL$10,000,000 ($19,938) | CL$6,500,000 ($12,960) | CL$5,000,000 ($9,969) | Farándula (August 29, 2007) | CL$10,000,000 | Change Box | CL$50,000 ($99.69) | | Sabrina (November 29, 2005) | €500,000 ($714,750, back then $588,235) | €350,000 ($500,325, back then $411,764) (the banker also offered €200,000 and €300,000, which is rare for a contestant to have more than one offer after one single round) | €75,000 ($107,213, back then $88,235) | (Unknown) (January 23, 2009) | €500,000 ($714,750, back then $588,235) | €210,000 | €$100,000 ($128,000) | | Rezo and Archil Arveladze (February 3, 2009) | 50,000 lari ($29,904) | 25,000 lari ($14,952) | 50 lari ($29.90) | | Gogo | €200,000 ($285,900) | €80,000 ($114,360) | €1,000 ($1,430) | | Danilo (Umbria) (September 20, 2008) | €500,000 ($714,750, back then $714,286) | €170,000 ($267,477, back then $242,857) | €30,000 ($47,215, back then $42,857) | Francesca (October 22, 2008) | €500,000 | €185,000 ($230,408) | €30,000 | Clarissa Meneghini (December 19, 2007) | €500,000 | €170,000 | €30,000 | | Maria (Doris) Abela (October 17, 2008 | €25,000 ($31,149) | €19,500 ($24,296) | €15,000 ($18,689) | | Paty (June 3, 2006) | $1,000,000 ($92,379) (weekday) | $550,000 ($51,500) | $100,000 ($9,238) | Laura (March 2, 2006) | $1,000,000 (weekday) | $700,000 ($64,665) | $400,000 ($36,952) | Luis (December 6, 2005) | $1,000,000 (weekday) | unknown | unknown | Elena (June 11, 2005) | $5,000,000 ($461,894) (Saturday) | unknown | unknown | | Timothy Shim (March 2, 2008) | RM100,000 ($31,250) | RM 50,800 ($15,875) | RM 250 ($71.83) | | | Arno Woesthoff (September 2, 2001; Reference needed]) | Fl10,000,000 ($6,600,000) | unknown | unknown | | | Terry Lim Cua (December 29, 2006) | P2,000,000 ($47,790, back then $40,800) | P1,400,000 ($33,453, back then $28,560) | P1,000,000 ($23,895, back then $20,400) | | Vidoje (October 19, 2007) | RSD1,500,000 ($24,475) | RSD615,000 ($10,035) | RSD500,000 ($8,158) | | Gilbert de Tarragona (June, 2007) | €600,000 ($857,700, back then $800,000) | €240,000 ($343,080, back then $320,000) | €1,500 ($2,144, back then $2,000) | | (Unknown) (October 22, 2007) | TND1,000,000 ($797,130) | unknown | TND500,000 ($398,565) | | | Laura Pearce (January 7, 2007) | £250,000 ($512,826, back then $480,769) | £45,000 ($92,309, back then $86,538) | £3,000 ($6,154, back then $5,769) | | | Jessica Robinson (September 1, 2008) | $1,000,000 | $561,000 | $200,000 | Tomorrow Rodriguez (October 29,2008) | $1,000,000 | $677,000 | $300 and 2x $1,000,000 |
Antecedents
- The Bong Game, created by Capital FM in the 1980s, also tested contestants by offering them increasing returns in tandem with increasing risk.
- Let's Make a Deal, a long-running game show involving contestants deciding whether or not take offers based on what may or may not be behind a curtain/door or inside a box.
- Treasure Hunt (US game show), a 1970s and 1980s Chuck Barris game show similar in concept to Deal or No Deal
- Take Your Pick offered contestants the choice of taking a money offer or risking opening a box.
- Win Ben Stein's Money pitted contestants against an in-house adversary.
- Trato Hecho an Argentine show featuring a similar format which predated Deal or no Deal by several years.
- Kabarkada, Break The Bank is a live game show of Studio 23, the UHF network of ABS-CBN which has almost the same format as Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal.
- Wowowee's Pera o Bayong is similiar to Deal or No Deal.
Variations
South Korea
A variation of "Deal or No Deal" was embedded in a variety show called Idol World. Super Junior-T played the game and there were only 10 cases, the prize goes from ?10 (about 1¢ US and ¥1, less than €0.01, 1p, and 1¢ AU) to ?1,000,000 (about US$1,073, €723, £521, AU$965, and ¥116,000). See Yes or No.
Taiwan
Taiwan Television Enterprise (TTV) has a variation of "Deal or No Deal" embedded within its Saturday night weekly variety show hosted by popular TV host and one time recording artist Jacky Wu. The portion involved 16 boxes wherein celebrity contestants will play for NT$1.5 million top prize (about US$46,000, €32,000, £22,000, AU$49,000 and ¥5,280,000), in denominations starting from NT$1.00 (about 3¢ US, €0.02, 1p, 3¢ AU and ¥3). In this game though, Wu the TV host, also acted as a banker. He would randomly come up with an amount when the choice of boxes become fewer. Contestants however have to win a talent portion of the show before playing this game.
Even when they don't make $100,000,000, the lucky ones usually get a $200,000 grant for making a record on the show.
In popular culture
- Deal or No Deal is a regular sketch on the comedy show Bremner, Bird and Fortune
- On the series finale of The O.C., Seth and Summer were addicted to a show called "Briefcase or No Briefcase".
- Deal or No Deal was parodied twice on Madtv. Michael McDonald portrayed Howie Mandel and on both skits, the contestants walked away with what they had in their briefcase (each contestant had low amounts; one was $400 and one was $5).
- In March 2007, Innovative Concepts in Entertainment released a ticket-based arcade version of Deal or No Deal, where gamers can get a small taste of the pressure put on an actual contestant on the show.
- In the film Meet the Spartans, one of the Spartans was given a choice by the enemy to either join their army or die. After the enemy says "Deal or no deal", all of the models urge the spartan to take the deal.
- Deal or No Deal was parodied on an episode of NBC's own 30 Rock as a game show called Gold Case, created by Kenneth Parcell.
- On the April 8, 2006 episode of Saturday Night Live, Deal or No Deal was parodied with Fred Armisen playing Howie Mandel, and Antonio Banderas as the contestant.
- On the Family Guy Star Wars Special, Lois Griffin playing Princess Leia portrayed Howie Mandel. One of the 26 cases she presented to Stewie Griffin as Darth Vader was supposed to hold the plans to the Death Star. The case Stewie had held $5.
- On short-lived NBC drama Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, Howie Mandel cameoed as host of the titular show-within-a-show. During Mandel's SNL-esque monologue, he is interrupted by Bradley Whitford's character and forced to choose a case to determine how the monologue would end.
- In the Philippines, Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal was spoofed in an ABS-CBN show called Gudtaym by Toni Gonzaga as Kris Aquino (Kapamilya Deal or No Deal host) and it was named Meal or No Meal.
- On one Sesame Street episode when a puppet portaying Howie Mandel presents a game as "Meal or no Meal". Cookie Monster is the Banker
Video games
- Innovative Concepts in Entertainment developed and currently sells an arcade redemption adaptation of the show, replacing prize money with redemption tickets.
- The U.K. version of Deal or No Deal was converted into a mobile game by Gameloft and featured the same rules and format as the tv show. The game was so well-received that versions of it were developed for other countries as well. Its international success landed it on the top-sellers list for some time.
- Almost all major formats of the game were converted into games for various gaming consoles, the PC, and even a dedicated handheld made in China.
See also
Online versions
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