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Upper Silesia (; ; ; ; Silesian: Gurny Slunsk) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia
Silesia

Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in present-day Poland, with parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas....
; Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia

Lower Silesia is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast. Throughout its history Lower Silesia has been under the control of medieval Poland, Bohemia, Habsburg Monarchy, Kingdom of Prussia, and German Reich, and after 1945 was split between Poland and Germany....
 is to the northwest. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of (chronologically) Greater Moravia, Bohemia
Kingdom of Bohemia

The Kingdom of Bohemia was a country in Central Europe. It was formally established in 1212 by the Golden Bull of Sicily issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, by promoting the Duchy of Bohemia to the kingdom status, although some former rulers of Bohemia enjoyed a non-hereditary royal title....
, Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
, Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
, Austria
Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austria branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918....
, Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia was a Germany monarchy from 1701 to 1918 and, from 1871, was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising almost two-thirds of the area of the empire....
, and later of unified German Reich.






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Superiorem Silesiam Ad1746
Upper Silesia (; ; ; ; Silesian: Gurny Slunsk) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia
Silesia

Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in present-day Poland, with parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas....
; Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia

Lower Silesia is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast. Throughout its history Lower Silesia has been under the control of medieval Poland, Bohemia, Habsburg Monarchy, Kingdom of Prussia, and German Reich, and after 1945 was split between Poland and Germany....
 is to the northwest. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of (chronologically) Greater Moravia, Bohemia
Kingdom of Bohemia

The Kingdom of Bohemia was a country in Central Europe. It was formally established in 1212 by the Golden Bull of Sicily issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, by promoting the Duchy of Bohemia to the kingdom status, although some former rulers of Bohemia enjoyed a non-hereditary royal title....
, Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
, Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
, Austria
Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austria branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918....
, Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia was a Germany monarchy from 1701 to 1918 and, from 1871, was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising almost two-thirds of the area of the empire....
, and later of unified German Reich. It is currently split between Poland (Opole
Opole Voivodeship

Opole Voivodeship is a Poland voivodeship, or province, created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Opole Voivodeship and parts of Czestochowa Voivodeship, pursuant to the 1998 Local Government Reorganization Act....
 and Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship

Silesian Voivodeship is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centring on the region known as Upper Silesia . Its capital is Katowice....
s) and the Czech Republic
Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
 (Czech Silesia
Czech Silesia

Czech Silesia is one of the three Czech lands and a section of the Silesia historical region. It is located in the north-east of the Czech Republic, predominantly in Moravian-Silesian Region, with a section in northern Olomouc Region....
, or the Silesian-Moravian Region).

Upper Silesia is situated in the Silesian highlands, between the upper Oder
Oder River

The Oder is a river in Central Europe Europe. It begins in the Czech Republic and flows through western Poland, later forming of the border between Poland and Germany, part of the Oder-Neisse line....
 and upper Vistula
Vistula

The Vistula , is the longest river in Poland at 1,047 km in length. It drains an area of 194,424 km? , of which 168,699 km? lies within Poland ....
 rivers. The total population of the Upper Silesian Industry Area
Upper Silesian Industry Area

Upper Silesian Coal Basin is a coal structural basin in Silesia, mostly in Poland but also partly in the Czech Republic . It also contains a number of other minable resources ....
 is 3,487,000.

Opole Silesia, Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia

Cieszyn Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the city of Cieszyn and bisected by the Olza River....
, and Austrian Silesia
Austrian Silesia

The Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia was an Autonomy region of the Austrian Empire and part of the Kingdom of Bohemia. It is also known as Austrian Silesia , and despite the official name it only included parts of Upper Silesia, while none of Lower Silesia was within its borders....
 are historical parts of Upper Silesia. The territory of Opole Silesia composes much of Opole Voivodeship
Opole Voivodeship

Opole Voivodeship is a Poland voivodeship, or province, created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Opole Voivodeship and parts of Czestochowa Voivodeship, pursuant to the 1998 Local Government Reorganization Act....
.

History


At the time of Svatopluk I
Svatopluk I

Svatopluk I from the House of Mojm?r was the prince of the Principality of Nitra and then the king of Great Moravia . Under his rule Great Moravia reached its maximum territorial expansion....
 and King Arnulf of Carinthia
Arnulf of Carinthia

Arnulf of Carinthia was the Carolingian King of Germany from 887 and Holy Roman Emperor from 896 until his death. He was the illegitimate son of Carloman, King of Bavaria, and his concubine, Liutswind, of Carantanians origin, daughter of one Count Ernst....
 in the ninth century, Silesia
Silesia

Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in present-day Poland, with parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas....
 was a part of Greater Moravia and after its destruction in the early tenth century it was conquered by Bohemia
Bohemia

History...
. A number of earlier inhabitants of Silesia, the Silingi
Silingi

The Silings or Silingi were an East Germanic tribes Germanic tribe, probably part of the larger Vandals group. According to most scholars, the Silingi lived in Silesia , the term "Silesia" itself perhaps being derived from "Silingi" - the nearby river was named Silingula after the Silingi....
, remained throughout and they concentrated around the Zobten mountain and in a settlement named Niempsch (derived from a Slavic name for Germans).

Upper Silesia was soon conquered by the newly installed dukes of the Polans
Polans

In the Early Middle Ages there were two separate Slavs tribes bearing the name of Polans:* Polans , living in the area of Dnieper river* Polans , living in the area of Warta....
 and for several hundred years was part of Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
. This fell apart and at the renewal of Poland under Casimir the Great, all of Silesia was specifically excluded as non-Polish land. In 1335 it came back under the rule of the Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Bohemia

The Kingdom of Bohemia was a country in Central Europe. It was formally established in 1212 by the Golden Bull of Sicily issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, by promoting the Duchy of Bohemia to the kingdom status, although some former rulers of Bohemia enjoyed a non-hereditary royal title....
. Many towns were destroyed by the Mongols at the Battle of Legnica
Battle of Legnica

The Battle of Legnica , also known as the Battle of Liegnitz or Battle of Wahlstatt , was a battle between the Mongol Empire and the combined defending forces of European fighters that took place at Legnickie Pole near the city of Legnica in Silesia on April 9 1241....
 but rebuilt. By the 1300s influx of settlers to Upper Silesia stopped, because of the plague. Latin, Czech and German language were used for towns and cities and only in the 1550s with the Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a Christian reform movement in Europe. It is thought to have begun in 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses and may be considered to have ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648....
 did records with Polish names also appear. A large number of Silesians became Protestants
Protestantism

Protestantism is a movement within Christianity that originated in the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. It is considered to be one of the three principal traditions of Christianity, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy....
, when all of Upper Silesia belonged to the Hohenzollerns
House of Hohenzollern

The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of Prince-elector, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century....
 of Brandenburg-Ansbach. The Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
 Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor

Image:HRR 14Jh.jpgThe Roman of the Emperor's title was a reflection of the translatio imperii principle that regarded the Holy Roman Emperors as the inheritors of the title of Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, a title left unclaimed in the West after the death of Julius Nepos in 480....
s of the Habsburg
Habsburg

The House of Habsburg was an important royal house of Europe and is best known as supplying all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1452 and 1740, as well as rulers of Spanish Empire and the Austrian Empire....
 dynasty reintroduced Catholicism, led by the Jesuits
Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus is a Roman Catholic religious order of clerks regular whose members are called Jesuits, Soldiers of Jesus Christ, and Foot soldiers of the Pope, because the founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a knight before becoming a Holy Orders....
.

Lower Silesia and most of Upper Silesia became part of the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia was a Germany monarchy from 1701 to 1918 and, from 1871, was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising almost two-thirds of the area of the empire....
 in 1742 during the First Silesian War
Silesian Wars

The Silesian Wars were a series of wars between Kingdom of Prussia and Austria for control of Silesia. They formed parts of the larger War of the Austrian Succession and Seven Years' War....
. A small part remained within the Habsburg-ruled Bohemian Crown as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia, colloquially called Austrian Silesia
Austrian Silesia

The Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia was an Autonomy region of the Austrian Empire and part of the Kingdom of Bohemia. It is also known as Austrian Silesia , and despite the official name it only included parts of Upper Silesia, while none of Lower Silesia was within its borders....
.

In the 19th century Upper Silesia became an industrial area using its plentiful coal
Coal

Coal is a readily combustion black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure....
 and iron ore
Iron ore

Iron ores are Rock and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in colour from dark grey, bright yellow, deep purple, to rusty red....
.

In 1919 after World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
, the eastern part, which had majority of ethnic Poles, came under Polish rule as the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship
Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship

The Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship was an Autonomy region of the Second Polish Republic created as the result of the popular Upper Silesia plebiscite in 1921, the Geneva Conventions in Geneva, three Silesian Uprisings, and the partition of Upper Silesia between Second Polish Republic, Germany and then-Czechoslovakia....
, while the mostly German-speaking western part remained part of the German Reich as the Province of Upper Silesia
Province of Upper Silesia

The Province of Upper Silesia was a Provinces of Prussia of the Free State of Prussia created in the aftermath of World War I. It composed much of the region of Upper Silesia and was eventually divided into two administrative regions , Kattowitz and Oppeln ....
. From 1919-1921 three Silesian Uprisings
Silesian Uprisings

The Silesian Uprisings were a series of three armed Rebellion of the Poles and Polish Silesians of Upper Silesia, from 1919?1921, against Weimar Republic rule; the resistance hoped to break away from Germany in order to join the Second Polish Republic, which had been established in the wake of World War I....
 occurred among the Polish-speaking populace of Upper Silesia; the Battle of Annaberg
Battle of Annaberg

The Battle of Annaberg or Storming of Annaberg was the biggest battle of the Silesian Uprisings. The battle, which took place between May 21–26, 1921, was fought at the Annaberg , a strategic hill near the village of G?ra Swietej Anny , located southeast of Oppeln in Province of Upper Silesia, Weimar Republic....
 occurred within the region in 1921. In the Upper Silesia plebiscite
Upper Silesia plebiscite

Upper Silesia plebiscite was a plebiscite for self-determination of Upper Silesia demanded by one of the clauses of the Treaty of Versailles. The Germany government had declared during the negotiations in London, and indeed at an earlier period, that the possession of Upper Silesia was indispensable to Germany if she was to fulfill her oblig...
 a vote of 60 to 40 percent voted against joining to Poland, with clear lines dividing Polish and German communities. The exact border, the maintenance of cross-border railway traffic and other necessary co-operations as well as equal rights for all inhabitants in both parts of Upper Silesia were fixed by the German-Polish Accord on East Silesia, signed in Geneva on May 15, 1922. On June 20 Germany
Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic was the democracy and republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918....
 de facto ceded the eastern parts of Upper Silesia, becoming part of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship
Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship

The Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship was an Autonomy region of the Second Polish Republic created as the result of the popular Upper Silesia plebiscite in 1921, the Geneva Conventions in Geneva, three Silesian Uprisings, and the partition of Upper Silesia between Second Polish Republic, Germany and then-Czechoslovakia....
 of Poland
Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II....
.

After 1945 almost all of Upper Silesia became part of Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
. A majority of the German-speaking population was expelled in accordance with the decision of the victorious Allied powers at their 1945 meeting at Potsdam
Potsdam Agreement

The Potsdam Agreement was an agreement on policy for the occupation and reconstruction of Germany and other nations after fighting in the European Theatre of World War II had ended with the German surrender of May 8, 1945....
. This expulsion program also included German speaking inhabitants of Lower Silesia, eastern Pomerania, Danzig, and East Prussia. These German expellees were transported to the present day Germany (including the former East Germany), and they were replaced with Poles, many from former Polish provinces taken over by the USSR in the east. A good many German-speaking Upper Silesians ended up being relocated in Bavaria. A small part of Upper Silesia stayed as part of Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 until 1992 . On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia....
 as Czech Silesia
Czech Silesia

Czech Silesia is one of the three Czech lands and a section of the Silesia historical region. It is located in the north-east of the Czech Republic, predominantly in Moravian-Silesian Region, with a section in northern Olomouc Region....
.

The expulsions of German-speakers did not totally eliminate the presence of a population that considered itself German. Upper Silesia in 1945 had a considerable number of Roman Catholic mixed bilingual inhabitants that spoke both German and Polish dialects, and their Polish linguistic skills were solid enough for them to be allowed to remain in the area. With the fall of communism and Poland joining the European Union, there were enough of these remaining in Upper Silesia to allow for the recognition of a German minority by the Polish government.

Major cities and towns

(All in Poland unless otherwise indicated; population figures are for 1995)

  • Katowice
    Katowice

    Katowice is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Klodnica and Rawa river rivers . Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about 50 km from the Silesian Beskids and about 100 km from Sudetes....
     (354,200)
  • Ostrava
    Ostrava

    Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic, however it is the second largest urban agglomeration after Prague. It is also the administrative center of the Moravian-Silesian Region and of the Municipality with Extended Competence....
     (320,000) - Czech Republic (eastern districts, Cieszyn Silesia
    Cieszyn Silesia

    Cieszyn Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the city of Cieszyn and bisected by the Olza River....
    )
  • Bytom
    Bytom

    Bytom is a city in southern Poland with 188,234 inhabitants . Since 1999 it has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship, having previously been in the Katowice Voivodeship ....
     (227,600)
  • Gliwice
    Gliwice

    Gliwice is an industrial city in southern Poland with 200,361 inhabitants on the Klodnica River, about 20 km to the west from Katowice.Gliwice is one of the main centers of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, the largest legally-recognized urban entity in Poland, with the population of the greater metropolitan area of 3,487,000....
     (214,000)
  • Zabrze
    Zabrze

    Zabrze is a city in southern Poland with 194,041 inhabitants . Zabrze is part of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, the largest legally-recognized urban entity in Poland with a population of 2.2 million....
     (201,600)
  • Bielsko-Biala
    Bielsko-Biala

    Bielsko-Biala is a city in southern Poland with 176,987 inhabitants .Bielsko-Biala is made of two former cities on opposite banks of the Biala River , Bielsko and Biala, Amalgamation in 1951....
     (180,307)
  • Ruda Slaska
    Ruda Slaska

    Ruda Slaska is a city in south Poland with 149,000 inhabitants , member of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union.It is situated in the Silesian Voivodship , having previously been in Katowice Voivodship ....
     (166,300)
  • Rybnik
    Rybnik

    Rybnik is a city in southern Poland, in the Silesian Voivodeship. Rybnik is located close to the border with the Czech Republic and just outside the southern border of the largest urban area in Poland, the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union....
     (144,300)
  • Tychy
    Tychy

    Tychy ) is a city in southern Poland with a population of 132,600. It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship ; previously, it was in Katowice Voivodeship ....
     (133,900)
  • Opole
    Opole

    Opole is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River . It has a population of 129,553 and is the capital of the Opole Voivodeship, and also the seat of Opole County....
     (130,600) - the historical capital of Upper Silesia
  • Chorzów
    Chorzów

    Chorz?w is a city in Silesia, southern Poland with around 114,680 inhabitants and an area of 33.5 km?. Chorz?w is situated on the Rawa river on the Silesian Highland in the heart of the Upper Silesian Industrial Area, 7 km north-west of Katowice....
     (125,800)
  • Jastrzebie Zdrój
    Jastrzebie Zdrój

    Jastrzebie Zdr?j is a city in south Poland with 94,072 inhabitants . Until the 20th century it was a spa town village situated in Upper Silesia....
     (103,500)
  • Myslowice
    Myslowice

    Myslowice [] is a town in south Poland with 75,183 inhabitants . It is situated in the Silesian Voivodship ; previously it was in Katowice Voivodship ....
     (80,000)
  • Siemianowice Slaskie
    Siemianowice Slaskie

    Siemianowice Slaskie [] is a city of the Upper Silesian Industry Area in Poland. Its population is 72,869, within a greater metropolitan area population of 3,487,000 ....
     (78,100)
  • Kedzierzyn-Kozle
    Kedzierzyn-Kozle

    Kedzierzyn-Kozle [] is a city in southwestern Poland, situated in Opole Voivodeship. It is the capital of Kedzierzyn-Kozle County. The population numbers 64,219 ....
     (70,700)
  • Tarnowskie Góry
    Tarnowskie Góry

    Tarnowskie G?ry [] is a town in southern Poland with 61,642 inhabitants . Situated in the Silesian Voivodeship , it was previously in Katowice Voivodeship ....
     (67,200)
  • Piekary Slaskie
    Piekary Slaskie

    Piekary Slaskie [] is a town in south Poland, situated in the Silesian Voivodship . Piekary is a spiritual center of Upper Silesia, a Marian shrine which is a pilgrimage site for thousands of the faithful, and a mining town....
     (67,200)
  • Zory
    Zory

    Zory [] is a town in southern Poland with 62,625 inhabitants .Since 1999 it has been part of Silesian Voivodeship; it was previously in Katowice Voivodeship ....
     (66,300)
  • Racibórz
    Racibórz

    Racib?rz [] is a town in southern Poland with 60,218 inhabitants situated in the Silesian Voivodeship , previously in Katowice Voivodeship . It is the capital of Racib?rz County....
     (65,100)
  • Opava
    Opava

    Opava is a city in the northern Czech Republic on the Opava River, located to the north-west of Ostrava. The historical capital of Czech Silesia, Opava is now in the Moravian-Silesian Region and has a population of 59,843 as of January 1 2005....
     (62,000) - Czech Republic
  • Swietochlowice
    Swietochlowice

    Swietochlowice is a city in Silesia, Southern Poland with about 55,500 inhabitants . It is situated in the Silesian Voivodship ; previously, it was in Katowice Voivodship ....
     (59,600)
  • Wodzislaw Slaski
    Wodzislaw Slaski

    Wodzislaw Slaski [] is a town in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 50,493 inhabitants . It is the seat of Wodzislaw County.It was previously in Katowice Voivodeship ; close to the border with the Czech Republic, about 290 kilometre south of Warsaw and about 100 km west of Krak?w, on the southern outskirts of the metropolitan area...
     (50,500)
  • Nysa
    Nysa, Poland

    Nysa [] is a town in southwestern Poland on the Nysa Klodzka river with 47,545 inhabitants , situated in the Opole Voivodeship. It is the capital of Nysa County....
     (49,000)
  • Mikolów
    Mikolów

    Mikol?w [] is a town in south Poland with 42,053 inhabitants . It was first mentioned in writing in the year 1222.It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship ; previously it was in the Katowice Voivodeship ....
     (38,900)
  • Cieszyn
    Cieszyn

    Cieszyn is a town and the seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has 36,109 inhabitants . Cieszyn lies on the Olza River, a tributary of the Oder river, opposite Cesk? Te??n....
     (37,300)
  • Czechowice-Dziedzice
    Czechowice-Dziedzice

    Czechowice-Dziedzice is a town in Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 34,867 inhabitants . It lies on the northeastern edge of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia....
     (35,600)
  • Pszczyna
    Pszczyna

    Pszczyna [] is a town in southern Poland with 26,827 inhabitants within the immediate gmina rising to 50,121 inhabitants in the powiat, which includes the town of Pszczyna, itself, Brzezce , Czark?w , Cwiklice , Jankowice , Laka , Piasek , Poreba , Rudoltowice , Studzionka , Studzienice , Wisla Mala and Wisla Wielka ....
     (34,600)
  • Kluczbork
    Kluczbork

    Kluczbork [] is a town in southwestern Poland with 26,670 inhabitants , situated in the Opole Voivodeship. It is the capital of Kluczbork County and an important railroad junction....
     (26,900)
  • Lubliniec
    Lubliniec

    Lubliniec [] is a town in south Poland with 29,359 inhabitants . It is the capital of Lubliniec County.It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship ; previously it was in Czestochowa Voivodeship ....
     (26,900)
  • Krnov
    Krnov

    Krnov is an Upper Silesian city in the northeastern Czech Republic, in Moravian-Silesian Region, in the District of Brunt?l, on the Opava River near the Polish border....
     (25,400) - Czech Republic
  • Rydultowy
    Rydultowy

    Rydultowy [] , is a town in southern Poland, it is a part of the Wodzislaw County in the Silesian Voivodeship and is situated in the south-western part of the Silesian Upland, on the Rybnik Plateau, in the Oswiecim-Racib?rz Valley....
     (24,100)
  • Laziska Górne
    Laziska Górne

    Laziska G?rne [] is a town in Mikol?w County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, with 21,958 inhabitants .Situated in the Silesian Voivodeship , previously in Katowice Voivodeship ....
     (23,000)
  • Bierun
    Bierun

    Bierun [] is a town in south Poland with 19,841 inhabitants .Situated in the Silesian Voivodeship , previously in Katowice Voivodeship . It is the capital of Bierun-Ledziny County....
     (22,100)
  • Pyskowice
    Pyskowice

    Pyskowice is a town in southern Poland with 21,900 inhabitants . Situated in the Silesian Voivodeship , previously in Katowice Voivodeship ....
     (21,900)
  • Strzelce Opolskie
    Strzelce Opolskie

    Strzelce Opolskie [] is a town in south-western Poland with 19,628 inhabitants , situated in the Opole Voivodeship. It is the capital of Strzelce County....
     (21,900)


Literature

  • H. Förster, B. Kortus (1989) "Social-Geographical Problems of the Cracow and Upper Silesia Agglomerations", Paderborn. (Bochumer Geographische Arbeiten No. 51)
  • Krzysztof Gwozdz (2000) "The Image of Upper Silesia in geography textbooks 1921-1998", in: Boleslaw Domanski (Ed.), Prace Geograficzne, No. 106, Institute of Geography of the Jagiellonian University
    Jagiellonian University

    The Jagiellonian University is located in Krak?w, Poland. Originally founded as Akademia Krakowska in 1364 by Casimir III of Poland, it is the second oldest university in Central Europe after the Charles University in Prague, and one of the List of oldest universities in continuous operation....
     Kraków. pp. 55-68
  • Rudolf Carl Virchow. "." (1848) Am J Public Health 2006;96 2102-2105.
Excerpted from: Virchow RC. Collected Essays on Public Health and Epidemiology. Vol 1. Rather LJ, ed. Boston, Mass: Science History Publications; 1985:204–319.

See also

  • Silesian Autonomy Movement
    Silesian Autonomy Movement

    Ruch Autonomii Slaska is a movement officially declaring its support for the autonomy of Silesia. The association was founded in 1991 and is based mainly in the Polish part of Upper Silesia....
  • Lower Silesia
    Lower Silesia

    Lower Silesia is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast. Throughout its history Lower Silesia has been under the control of medieval Poland, Bohemia, Habsburg Monarchy, Kingdom of Prussia, and German Reich, and after 1945 was split between Poland and Germany....
  • Silesian Interurbans
    Silesian Interurbans

    Silesian Interurbans - one of the largest tram systems in the world has been in existence since 1894. The system is spread over more than 50 kilometres and covers thirteen towns in the Upper Silesia metropolitan area and their suburbs , which is densely industrialised and inhabited by more than 2 million people....
  • Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
    Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union

    Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, USMU also known under official name: Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia, MAUS is a Political union of 14 adjacent city in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland....
  • Upper Silesian Industrial Area
  • Upper Silesian Coal Basin
  • Wojciech Korfanty
    Wojciech Korfanty

    Wojciech Korfanty , born Albert Korfanty, was a Poland nationalism activism, journalist and politician, serving as member of the German Empire parliaments Reichstag and Prussian Landtag, and later on, in the Second Polish Republic Sejm....


External links