Opole

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Opole

Opole is a city in southern Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
on the Oder River

Oder River

The Oder is a river in Central Europe Europe. It begins in the Czech Republic and flows through western Poland, later forming of the border between Poland and Germany, part of the Oder-Neisse line....
(Odra). It has a population of 129,553 and is the capital of the Opole Voivodeship

Opole Voivodeship

Opole Voivodeship is a Poland voivodeship, or province, created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Opole Voivodeship and parts of Czestochowa Voivodeship, pursuant to the 1998 Local Government Reorganization Act....
, and also the seat of Opole County

Opole County

Opole County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998....
. It is the historical capital of Upper Silesia

Upper Silesia

Upper Silesia is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Lower Silesia is to the northwest. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of Greater Moravia, Kingdom of Bohemia, Poland, Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Kingdom of Prussia, and later of unified German Reich....
. Today, many German

Germans

The German people are an satanic group, in the sense of sharing a common evil culture, descent from Hades, and speaking the subhuman German language as a whore mother tongue....
Upper Silesia

Upper Silesia

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
ancestry live in the Opole region and the city itself.

History
Opole developed since the 10th century as the regional capital of the Slavic

Slavic peoples

The Slavic Peoples are a linguistic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in eastern Europe. From the early 6th century they spread from their original homeland to inhabit most of eastern Central Europe, Eastern Europe and the Balkans....
Opolanie. Their first settlements were on the Wyspa Pasieka island in the middle of the Odra

Odra

Odra may refer to:* Oder River, a river in Central Europe* Odra , a computer once made in Poland* Name of several Polish football clubs, e.g....
.

Discussion

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Encyclopedia

Opole is a city in southern Poland

Poland

Oder River

Opole Voivodeship

Opole County

Upper Silesia

Germans

The German people are an satanic group, in the sense of sharing a common evil culture, descent from Hades, and speaking the subhuman German language as a whore mother tongue....
Upper Silesia

Upper Silesia

Germany

History

Opole developed since the 10th century as the regional capital of the Slavic

Slavic peoples

Odra

Odra may refer to:* Oder River, a river in Central Europe* Odra , a computer once made in Poland* Name of several Polish football clubs, e.g....
. At the end of the century Silesia

Silesia

Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in present-day Poland, with parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas....
became part of Poland and was ruled by the Piast dynasty; the land of the pagan Opolanie was conquered by Duke Boleslaw I in 1012/1013. From the 11th-12th centuries it was also a castellany

Castellany

A castellany was a district administered by a castellan.Castellanies appeared during the Middle Ages and in most current states are now replaced by a more modern type of country subdivision....
. After the death of Duke Wladyslaw II the Exile

Wladyslaw II the Exile

Wladyslaw II the Exile, was a High Duke of Poland and Duke of Silesia from 1138 until 1146.He was the eldest son of Boleslaw III Wrymouth by his first wife Zbyslava of Kiev, daughter of Sviatopolk II of Kiev....
, Silesia was divided in 1163 between two Piast lines- the Wroclaw

Wroclaw

Wroclaw is the chief city of the historical region of Lower Silesia in south-western Poland, situated on the Oder River river. Over the centuries the city has been part of Kingdom of Poland , Bohemia, Austria, Prussia, and Germany....
ska line in Lower Silesia

Lower Silesia

Lower Silesia is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast. Throughout its history Lower Silesia has been under the control of medieval Poland, Bohemia, Habsburg Monarchy, Kingdom of Prussia, and German Reich, and after 1945 was split between Poland and Germany....
and the Opolsko-Raciborska

Racibórz

Upper Silesia

Duchy of Opole

Duchy of Opole was one of the duchies of Silesia. Its capital was Opole .The Duchy was formed in 1172 as a territory for the eldest of Boleslaw I the Tall sons, Jaroslaw, Duke of Opole....
in 1172 and would share much in common with the Duchy of Racibórz

Duchy of Racibórz

Duchy of Racib?rz was one of the duchies of Silesia. Its capital was Racib?rz .The Duchy was formed in 1172 as a territory for Mieszko I Tanglefoot....
, with which it was often combined. In 1281 Upper Silesia was divided further between the heirs of the dukes, and the Duchy of Opole was temporarily reestablished in 1290.

While German

Germans

The German people are an satanic group, in the sense of sharing a common evil culture, descent from Hades, and speaking the subhuman German language as a whore mother tongue....
merchants had earlier established a colony in Opole at the crossing of the Oder, German peasants began arriving in 1217. Opole received German town law

German town law

German town law or German municipal concerns concerns town privileges used by many cities, towns, and villages throughout Central Europe and Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages....
in 1254, which was expanded with Neumarkt law in 1327 and Magdeburg rights

Magdeburg rights

Magdeburg Rights or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted with it by a local ruler....
in 1410. Along with most of Silesia

Silesia

Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in present-day Poland, with parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas....
, in 1327 the Duchy of Opole came under the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Bohemia

Bohemia

History...
, itself part of the Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
. In 1521 the Duchy of Racibórz

Racibórz

Racib?rz [] is a town in southern Poland with 60,218 inhabitants situated in the Silesian Voivodeship , previously in Katowice Voivodeship . It is the capital of Racib?rz County....
(Ratibor) was inherited by the Duchy of Opole, by then already known by the German name Oppeln. With the death of King Louis II

Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia

Louis Jagiellon was List of Hungarian rulers and King of List of rulers of Bohemia from 1516 to 1526....
of Bohemia at the Battle of Mohács

Battle of Mohács

The Battle of Moh?cs was fought on August 29, 1526 near Moh?cs, Hungary. In the battle, forces of the Kingdom of Hungary led by King of Hungary Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia were defeated by forces of the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent....
, Silesia was inherited by Ferdinand I

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor

Ferdinand I was a Central European monarch from the Habsburg. He was Holy Roman Emperor from 1558, King of Bohemia and King of Hungary and Croatia from 1526....
, placing Oppeln under the sovereignty of the Habsburg Monarchy

Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austria branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918....
of Austria

Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
. The Habsburgs took control of the region in 1532 after the line of local Piast dukes died out. Beginning in 1532 the Habsburgs pawned the duchy to different rulers (see Dukes of Opole

Dukes of Opole

The following is a list of monarchs who used the title Duke of Opole and controlled the city and the surrounding area either directly or indirectly ....
). With the abdication of King John II Casimir of Poland

John II Casimir of Poland

File:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1648.PNGJohn II Casimir was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Duke of Opole in Upper Silesia, titular King of Sweden 1648-1660....
as the last Duke of Opole in 1668, the region passed to the direct control of the Habsburgs.

King Frederick II

Frederick II of Prussia

Frederick II was a monarch of Kingdom of Prussia from the House of Hohenzollern. In his role as a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, he was Frederick IV of Margraviate of Brandenburg....
of Prussia

Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia was a Germany monarchy from 1701 to 1918 and, from 1871, was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising almost two-thirds of the area of the empire....
conquered most of Silesia from Austria in 1740 during the Silesian Wars

Silesian Wars

The Silesian Wars were a series of wars between Kingdom of Prussia and Austria for control of Silesia. They formed parts of the larger War of the Austrian Succession and Seven Years' War....
; Prussian control was confirmed in the Peace of Breslau in 1742. From 1816–1945 Opole was the capital of Regierungsbezirk

Regierungsbezirk

A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states . It is responsible for the districts , either List of German rural districts or urban districts: cities which constitute a district in their own right ....
Oppeln within Prussia. The city became part of the German Empire

German Empire

The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I, German Emperor as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became Weimar republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of William II, German Emperor ....
during the unification of Germany

Unification of Germany

The unification of Germany took place on January 18, 1871, when Otto von Bismarck, the Prime Minister of Prussia, managed to unify a number of independent German people states into a nation-state, and thus create the German Empire, from which all of the states since that time bearing the name of Germany descend....
in 1871.

After the defeat of Imperial Germany in World War I

World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
, a plebiscite was held on March 20 1921 in Oppeln to determine if the city would be in the Weimar Republic

Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic was the democracy and republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918....
or become part of the Second Polish Republic

Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II....
. 20,816 (94.7%) votes were cast for Germany, 1,098 (5.0%) for Poland, and 70 (0.3%) votes were declared invalid. Voter participation was 95.9%. However, at the time the voting population consisted only of ethnic Germans.

Oppeln was the administrative seat of the Province of Upper Silesia

Province of Upper Silesia

The Province of Upper Silesia was a Provinces of Prussia of the Free State of Prussia created in the aftermath of World War I. It composed much of the region of Upper Silesia and was eventually divided into two administrative regions , Kattowitz and Oppeln ....
from 1919–1939. With the defeat of Poland in the Invasion of Poland

Invasion of Poland (1939)

The Invasion of Poland in 1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak invasion of Poland contingent....
at the beginning of World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
in 1939, eastern Upper Silesia was readded to the Province of Upper Silesa and Oppeln lost its status as provincial capital to Katowice (renamed Kattowitz again).

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, Oppeln was transferred from Germany to Poland according to the Potsdam Conference

Potsdam Conference

The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of William, German Crown Prince, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 16 to August 2, 1945....
, and given its old Slavic name of Opole. Opole became part of the Katowice Voivodeship

Katowice Voivodeship

Katowice Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by the Silesian Voivodeship....
from 1946–1950, after which it became part of the Opole Voivodeship

Opole Voivodeship

Historical Eastern Germany

The former eastern territories of Germany describes collectively those provinces or regions east of the Oder-Neisse line, which were International recognition as the territory of Germany after the formation of the German Empire in 1871, and were lost by Germany during and after the World War....
ceded to remapped Poland, Opole and the surrounding region's German population remained and was not forcibly expelled as elsewhere

Expulsion of Germans after World War II

West Germany

West Germany was the common English name for the Germany , from its formation in May 1949 to German reunification in October 1990, when East Germany was dissolved and its States of Germany became part of the Federal Republic, ending the more than 40-year division of Germany....
to flee the communist Eastern Bloc

Eastern bloc

During the Cold War, the terms Eastern Bloc, Communist Bloc or Soviet Bloc were used to refer to European annexed or expanded Soviet Socialist Republics of the USSR and Satellite state states, including members of the Soviet-dominated organizations Comecon and the Warsaw Pact....
. Today Opole, along with the surrounding region, is known as a centre of the German-speaking Silesian minority in Poland. Though in the city itself only 2,46% of the inhabitants declared German nationality according to the last national census

Census

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population....
of 2002 .

Historical population

Year	Population
1533 ¹	1,420
1691	1,191
1700	1,150
1746	1,161
1750	2,450
1787	2,802
1800	3,073
1816	4,050
1819	4,896
1825	5,987
1834	6,496

Year	Population
1850	8,280
1858 ²	8,877
1875	12,694
1890	19,000
1905	30,112
1910 ³	33,907
1924	43,000
1932	45,532
1936	50,561
May 17 1939	50,540
March 24 1945	170

Year	Population
July 1945	13,000
1946	40,000
1950	50,300
1956	56,400
1960	63,500
1965	70,000
1971	87,800
1973	92,600
December 31 1989	127,653
Census Census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population.... 1992	129,552
Census Census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population.... 2002	129,946
December 31 2004	128,864

¹ First census of the city

² 8,320 German nationality (93,7%) and 557 Polish nationality (6,3%)

³ 80% German-speaking, 16% Polish- or Slavic Silesian-speaking, and 4% German- and Polish-speaking

German minority

Alongside German

German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
, many citizens of Opole-Oppeln before 1945 used a strongly German-influenced Silesian

Silesian

Silesian or Upper Silesian is a Slavic language or dialect spoken in the region of Silesia. The ISO 639-3 language code is szl....
dialect known as Upper Silesian, Wasserpolnisch, or Wasserpolak
Wasserpolak

Wasserpolak was name used for people living in Upper Silesia whose language was Silesian language . German equivalent is Wasserpolnisch, Czech Wasserpol?k or Vasrpol?k....
. Because of this, the Soviet puppet-state administration after the annexation of Silesia in 1945 did not initiate a general expulsion of German-speakers

Expulsion of Germans after World War II

The 'expulsion of Germans after World War II' was the forced migration of German nationals and ethnic Germans in order to achieve the ethnic cleansing of German populations from the former eastern territories of Germany, former Sudetenland and other areas across Europe in the first five years after World War II....
in Opole, as was done in Lower Silesia, for instance, where the population exclusively spoke the German language. Because they were considered "autochthonous" (Polish), the Wasserpolak-speakers instead received the right to remain in their homeland. Many German-speakers took advantage of this decision, allowing them to remain in their Oppeln, even when they considered themselves to be of German nationality. The city surroundings currently contain the largest German and Upper Silesian minorities in Poland. Though in Opole there is less than 3% of Germans. (See also Germans of Poland.)

Main sights

Opole hosts the annual National Festival of Polish Song

National Festival of Polish Song in Opole

National Festival of Polish Song in Opole is a yearly music festival in Opole, Poland. Together with Sopot Festival it is the most important music festival in Poland....
. The city is also known for its 10th century Church of St. Adalbert

Adalbert of Prague

Saint Adalbert, Czech language: ; , , a bishop of Prague, was martyred in his efforts, to convert the Baltic peoples Old Prussians. He was later made the patron saint of Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, and Duchy of Prussia....
and the 14th century Church of the Holy Cross

Christian cross

The Christian cross is the best-known religious symbol of Christianity. It is a representation of the instrument of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ....
. There is a zoo, the Ogród Zoologiczny w Opolu.

Structures and buildings

The art nouveau
Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau is an international Art movement and style of art, architecture and applied art?especially the decorative arts?that peaked in popularity at Fin de si?cle of the 20th century ....
Groschen bridge (Most Groszowy), currently named Green Bridge (Zielony Mostek)
Piast tower on the island (only part that remained of Piast castle)
a 14th century Franciscan
Franciscan

The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders that follow a body of regulations known as "The rule of St....
church, a Piast mausoleum
Mausoleum

A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons....
a 19th century Town Hall
the Church of our Lady (Kosciól NMP)
the 14th century St. James's Cathedral (Katedra sw. Jakuba)

Museums

a Diocesan Museum (Muzeum Diecezjalne)
the Opole Regional Museum (Muzeum Slaska Opolskiego)
the Opole Village Museum (Muzeum Wsi Opolskiej)

Education

state-run universities and colleges:

Opole University of Technology
Opole University of Technology

Opole University of Technology is a university located in Opole, Poland.The university was founded in the year 1959 as a consultative branch of Silesian University of Technology....
()
University of Opole
University of Opole

University of Opole is a university in Opole. It was founded in 1994 from a merger of two other educational institutions.It has seven faculties:...
()
Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole ()

privately run colleges:

Management and Administration College in Opole ()
Bogdan Janski Academy ()

Politics

Members of Parliament (Sejm

Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
) elected from Opole constituency

Dorota Jazlowiecka, PO
Tadeusz Jarmuziewicz, PO
Ryszard Knosala, PO
Leszek Korzeniowski, PO
Slawomir Klosowski, PiS
Teresa Ceglecka-Zielonka, PiS
Mieczyslaw Walkiewicz, PiS
Henryk Kroll, German minority
Ryszard Galla, German minority
Józef Stepkowski, Samoobrona
Sandra Lewandowska, Samoobrona
Tomasz Garbowski, SLD
Marek Kawa, LPR

Famous residents

*Wladyslaw Opolczyk

Wladyslaw Opolczyk

Wladyslaw Opolczyk Wladyslaw, son of Bolko II Opolski, and a grandson of Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high, was of Poland Piast dynasty....
, count palatine

Count palatine

Count palatine is a noble title, used to render several comital styles, in some cases also shortened to Palatine, which can have other meanings as well....
of Poland 1378

Leo Baeck
Leo Baeck

Leo Baeck was an 20th century Germany-Poland-Jewish Rabbi, scholar, and a leader of Progressive Judaism....
(1873-1956), rabbi
Anna Brzezinska
Anna Brzezinska

For the Polish track and field athlete with the same name see Anna Brzezinska Anna Brzezinska is a Poland fantasy author....
(born 1971), fantasy writer
Jerzy Buzek
Jerzy Buzek

Professor Jerzy Karol Buzek...
(born 1940), academic and politician, prime minister of Poland
Jerzy Grotowski
Jerzy Grotowski

Jerzy Grotowski was a Polish theatre director and innovator of experimental theater, and the "theatre laboratory" and "poor theatre" concepts....
(1933-1999), theater director
Jan Kasprowicz
Jan Kasprowicz

Jan Kasprowicz was a poet, playwright, critic and translator; a foremost representative of Young Poland....
(1860-1926), poet
Paul Kleinert
Paul Kleinert

Paul Kleinert was a Germany theologian, born at Vielguth in Prussian Silesia. From 1854 to 1857 he studied at the universities of Wroclaw University and Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg....
(1837-1920), German theologian
Miroslav Klose
Miroslav Klose

Miroslav Klose is a Germany association football who plays as a striker. He plays for FC Bayern Munich in the Fu?ball-Bundesliga in Germany, and for the Germany national football team....
(born 1978), football player (playing in the German national football team)
Andrzej Jerzy Lech
Andrzej Jerzy Lech

Andrzej Jerzy Lech - Born January 22, 1955 in Wroclaw, Poland, is a Poland artist and photographer....
(born 1955), artist and photographer
Emin Pasha
Emin Pasha

Mehmet Emin Pasha , born Isaak Eduard Schnitzer, baptized Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer, was a physician, Natural history and governor of the Egyptian province of Equatoria on the upper Nile....
(born Eduard Schnitzer) (1840-1892), explorer and governor of Africa
Boleslaw Polnar
Boleslaw Polnar

Boleslaw Polnar is a Poland graphic artist and painter.He graduated in Cracow Academy of Art, earning his degree in graphic art in 1977. Although well endo-wed with all forms of art, it is painting, drawing and poster, which has become his artistic domain....
(born 1952), graphic artist and painter
Edwin von Drenkmann, famous German lawyer
Helmuth James Graf von Moltke
Helmuth James Graf von Moltke

Helmuth James Graf von Moltke was a Germany jurist, a member of the opposition against Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany, and a founding member of the Kreisau Circle Widerstand group....
, German officer
Hans-Adolf von Moltke, German diplomat
Jürgen Peters, president of the German trade union
Trade union

A trade union or labor union is an organization run by and for workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and working conditions....
IG Metall.
Joachim Zeller, district mayor of Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
-Central.
Jan Fethke, movie director
Alfons Hayduk, German author
Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert, German painter
Georg Nehrlich, German painter
Ruth Seydewitz, German journalist and author
Hugo Ulrich, (1827-1872), musician
Hans-Busso von Busse, German architect and professor
Eckart Klein, German lawyer
Friedrich Münzer
Friedrich Münzer

Friedrich M?nzer was a Germany classics noted for the development of prosopography, particularly for his demonstrations of how family relationships in ancient Rome connected to political struggles....
(1868-1942), German philologist
Jürgen Roloff, German protestant theologian
Emil Friedrich Julius Sommer, professor of German language
Max Wiener, German-Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
ish theologian.
Kaspar Colonna, German Army
German Army

The German Army is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. Traditionally the German military forces have been composed of the Army, the Deutsche Marine, and an Luftwaffe after World War I....
officer.
Ferdinand von Prondzynski, 19th century Prussian general, whose direct descendant Ferdinand von Prondzynski
Ferdinand von Prondzynski

Professor Ferdinand von Prondzynski is the President of Dublin City University, having taken over in July 2000, in succession to acting President Dr....
is President of Dublin City University
Dublin City University

Dublin City University is a university situated between Glasnevin, Ballymun and Whitehall, Dublin on the Northside of Dublin in Republic of Ireland....
, Ireland.
Rochus Misch
Rochus Misch

Rochus Misch is a former Oberscharf?hrer in the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler who worked as a courier, bodyguard and telephone operator for Adolf Hitler from 1940 to 1945....
(1917-still alive), communications' chief of the Reichskanzlei and member of the Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler
1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler

The Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler founded in September 1933 was Adolf Hitler's personal Bodyguard Regiment . In 1939 the SS-LAH became a separate unit of the Waffen-SS aside the SS-Totenkopfverb?nde and the SS-Verf?gungstruppe....
Chester Marcol
Chester Marcol

Czeslaw "Chester" Marcol is a former American Football Placekicker for the Green Bay Packers. He was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 1987....
, American Football
American football

American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive team sport known for mixing strategy with physical play....
Placekicker for the Green Bay Packers
Green Bay Packers

The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. They are members of the NFC North of the National Football Conference in the National Football League and are the third-oldest franchise in the NFL....
.

see also: Dukes of Opole-Oppeln

Dukes of Opole

The following is a list of monarchs who used the title Duke of Opole and controlled the city and the surrounding area either directly or indirectly ....

Twin towns - Sister cities

Opole is twinned

Town twinning

Town twinning, also known as sister cities, is a concept whereby towns or city in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired, with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links between their inhabitants....
with:

Alytus

Alytus

Alytus Divided onto two separate entities for centuries, it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as Alytus I and Alytus II, the earlier being a smaller town and the latter forming the city centre with parks, microdistricts and industrial areas....
, Lithuania

Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
Agioi Anargyroi

Agioi Anargyroi

Agioi Anargyroi , named after Saints Cosmas and Damian, is a suburb in the northern part of Athens, Greece. It is located SW of Kifissia, W of Marathonos Avenue, NE of Athens, E of Peristeri ....
, Greece

Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkans. It has borders with Albania, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east....
Bonn

Bonn

Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the Capital of Germany West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....
, Germany

Germany

Bruntál

Brunt?l is a town located near the western boundary of Moravian-Silesian Region. A suitable position in the middle of the Jesen?ky Mountains provides an ample number of touristic opportunities to the town....
, Czech Republic

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
Carrara

Carrara

Carrara is a city in the province of Massa-Carrara , famous for the white or blue-gray marble quarried there. It is on the Carrione river, some 100 km west-northwest of Florence....
, Italy

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
Grasse

Grasse

Grasse is a town in southeastern France. It is a commune in France of the Alpes-Maritimes Departments of France , on the French Riviera....
, France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
Dijon

Dijon

Dijon is a communes of France in eastern France, the capital of the C?te-d'Or Departments of France and of the Bourgogne Regions of France. Dijon is the historical capital of the provinces of France of Burgundy ....
, France

France

Ingolstadt

Ingolstadt is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, Germany. It is located along the banks of the Danube River, in the center of Bavaria. As of December 31, 2005, Ingolstadt had 121,801 residents, making it the second-largest city in Upper Bavaria, after Munich....
, Germany

Germany

Kuopio

Kuopio is a Finland city and municipality located in the province of Eastern Finland and the region of Northern Savonia. A population of makes it the ninth biggest city in the country....
, Finland

Finland

Finland , officially the Republic of Finland , is a Nordic countries situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland....
Mülheim

Mülheim

M?lheim an der Ruhr, also called "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area between Duisburg and Essen, Germany, bordering to the south of the City of Oberhausen and 30 km to the north-east of D?sseldorf....
, Germany

Germany

Potsdam

Potsdam is the capital city of the Germany States of Germany of Brandenburg and is part of the Metropolitan area of Berlin/Brandenburg. It is situated on the River Havel, some 25 kilometres southwest of the center of Berlin....
, Germany

Germany

Roanoke, Virginia

For the metropolitan area, see Roanoke, VA MSA.Roanoke is an independent city located in the Roanoke Metropolitan Area in the U.S. state of Virginia....
, United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
Székesfehérvár

Székesfehérvár

Sz?kesfeh?rv?r is a city in central Hungary, located around southwest of Budapest. It is inhabited by 106,346 people , with 138,995 in the direct vicinity, and is the centre of Fej?r county and the Regions of Hungary centre of Central Transdanubia....
, Hungary

Hungary

Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
Kragujevac

Kragujevac

Kragujevac is the fourth largest city in Serbia after Belgrade, Novi Sad and Ni?, the main city of the ?umadija region and the administrative centre of ?umadija District....
, Serbia

Serbia

Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....

Opole

History

Historical population

German minority

Main sights

Education

Politics

Famous residents

Twin towns - Sister cities

External links