Mausoleum

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Mausoleum

A mausoleum (plural: mausolea) is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons.

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A mausoleum (plural: mausolea) is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb

Tomb

For the New York prison see The Tombs.A tomb is a repository for the remains of the death. The term generally refers to any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes....
or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. A Christian

Christian

A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism#Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus and interpreted by Christians to have been prophesied in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament....
mausoleum sometimes includes a chapel

Chapel

A chapel is a building used as a place for fellowship and of worship for Christians. It may be attached to an institution such as a large Church , a college, a hospital, a palace, a prison or a cemetery, or may be an entirely free-standing building, sometimes with its own grounds....
.

The word derives from the Mausoleum of Maussollos

Mausoleum of Maussollos

The Tomb of Mausolus, Mausoleum of Mausolus or Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC at Halicarnassus for Mausolus, a satrap in the Persian Empire, and Artemisia II of Caria, his wife and sister....
(near modern-day Bodrum

Bodrum

Bodrum , formerly Halicarnassus , is a Turkey port town in Mugla Province, in the southwestern Aegean Region, Turkey of the country. It is located on the southern coast of Bodrum Peninsula, at a point that checks the entry into the Gulf of G?kova, and it faces the Greece island of Kos....
in Turkey

Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
), the grave of King Mausollos

Mausolus

Mausolus was ruler of Caria . He took part in the revolt against Artaxerxes II , conquered a great part of Lycia, Ionia and several Greece List of islands of Greece and cooperated with the Rhodes and their allies in the Social War against Athens....
, the Persian

Persian Empire

The 'Persian Empire' was a series of successive Iranian or Persianization empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus....
satrap

Satrap

Satrap was the name given to the governors of the provinces of ancient Medes and Persian Empire empires, including the Achaemenid Empire and in several of their heirs, such as the Sassanid Empire and the Hellenistic civilization empires....
of Caria

Caria

Caria was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionians and Dorians Greeks colonized the west of it and joined the Carian population in forming Greek-dominated states there....
, whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry

Gentry

Gentry generally refers to people of high social class, especially in the past. The word derives from the Latin gentis, meaning a clan or extended family....
and nobility

Nobility

Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary or for a lifetime. Titles of nobility exist today in many countries although it is usually associated with present or former monarchies....
in many countries. In the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
, these were often ranged in necropoleis

Necropolis

A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial place . Apart from the occasional application of the word to modern cemeteries outside large towns, the term...
or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for miles outside Rome

Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
. However, the practice fell out of use when Christianity became dominant.

Later, mausolea became particularly popular in Europe

Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
and her colonies during the early modern

Early modern Europe

Early modern is the term used by historians to refer to a period in the history of Western Europe and its first colony which spanned the centuries between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century....
and modern periods. These are usually small buildings with walls, a roof and sometimes a door for additional interments or visitor access. A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault

Burial vault

Burrial vault may refer to:*Burial vault , protective coffin enclosure*Burial vault , underground tomb...
below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within sarcophagi

Sarcophagus

A sarcophagus is a funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved or cut from stone. The word "sarcophagus" comes from the Greek language sa?? sarx meaning "flesh", and fa?e?? phagein meaning "to eat", hence sarkophagus means "flesh-eating"; from the phrase lithos sarkophagos the word came to refer to the limestone t...
or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as columbaria

Columbarium

A columbarium is a place for the respectful and usually public storage of Cremation urns . The term comes from the Latin columba and originally referred to compartmentalized housing for doves and pigeons; see dovecote....
(a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a cemetery

Cemetery

A cemetery is a place in which death body and cremation are burial. The term cemetery implies that the land is specifically designated as a burying ground....
, a churchyard

Churchyard

A churchyard is a patch of land adjoining or surrounding a church which is usually owned by the relevant church or local parish itself. In the Scots language or Northern English language this can also be known as a kirkyard or kirkyaird....
or on private land.

In the United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, the term may be used for a burial vault

Burial vault (tomb)

A burial vault is a structural underground tomb.It is a stone or brick-lined underground space or 'burial' chamber for the interment of a death body or bodies....
below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels

Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels

The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, also called the Los Angeles Cathedral, is a cathedral church of the United States in Los Angeles, California....
in Los Angeles, California

Los Angeles, California

Los Angeles is the largest city in the U.S. state of California and the List of United States cities by population in the United States. Often abbreviated as L.A. and nicknamed The City of Angels, Los Angeles is rated as a beta global city, has an estimated population of 3.8 million and spans over in Southern California....
, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the 'crypt mausoleum'.

Notable mausolea

:Main article: List of mausolea.

The Mastaba
Mastaba

A mastaba was a kind of Ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular with outward sloping sides that marked the burial site of many eminent Egyptians of Egypt's History of Egypt....
Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum located in Agra, India, built by Mughal Empire list of Mughal emperors Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal....
at Agra
Agra

Agra is a city on the banks of the Yamuna in the northern States and territories of India of Uttar Pradesh, India. It finds mention in the epic Mahabharata when it was called Agrabana, or Paradise....
, India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
The Shrine of the Báb
Shrine of the Báb

The Shrine of the B?b is a structure in Haifa, Israel where the remains of the B?b, founder of B?bism and forerunner of Bah?'u'll?h in the Bah?'? Faith, have been laid to rest; it is considered to be the second holiest place on Earth for Bah?'?s, after the Shrine of Bah?'u'll?h in Acre, Israel....
and the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh
Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh

Located in Bahj? near Acre, Israel, the Shrine of Bah?'u'll?h is the most holy place for Bah?'? Faith and represents their Qiblih, or direction of prayer....
in Haifa
Haifa

Haifa is the largest city in North District Israel, and the List of Israeli cities in the country, with a population of over 264,900. Haifa has a mixed population of Jews and Arabs....
and Acre
Acre

The acre is a Units of measurement of area in a number of different systems, including the Imperial unit#Measures of area and United States customary units#Units of area systems....
, Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
, respectively.
The pyramids
Pyramid

A pyramid is a building where the outer surfaces are triangular and converge at a point. The base of pyramids are usually quadrilateral or trilateral , meaning that a pyramid usually has four or five faces....
of ancient Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
, Nubia
Nubia

Nubia is a region in Southern Egypt along the Nile and in what is now northern Sudan. Most of Nubia is situated in Sudan with about a quarter of its territory in Egypt....
and China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
are also types of mausolea.
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor biggest underground mausoleum
Qianling Mausoleum
Qianling Mausoleum

The Qianling Mausoleum is a Tang Dynasty tomb site located in List of administrative divisions of Shaanxi, Shaanxi province, China, and is 85 km northwest from Xi'an, formerly the Chang'an....
in China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
, houses the remains of Emperor Gaozong of Tang
Emperor Gaozong of Tang

Emperor Gaozong of Tang , personal name Li Zhi , was the third emperor of the Tang Dynasty in History of China, ruling from 649 to 683 . Emperor Gaozong was the son of Emperor Taizong of Tang and Empress Zhangsun ....
and the ruling Empress Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian , personal name Wu Zhao , often referred to as Tian Hou during Tang Dynasty and Empress Consort Wu in later times, was the only woman in the history of China to assume the title of Emperor of China....
, along with 17 others in auxiliary tombs.
Mausoleum of Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan , born , was the founder, Khan and Khagan of the Mongol Empire, the World's largest empires contiguous empire in history....
in Ordos City
Ordos City

Ordos is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Inner Mongolia. Ordos city was founded on February 26th 2001 in what before was Ikh Juu League ....
, Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia is the Mongols autonomous region of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the country's north.Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia....
.
Mausoleum of Maussollos
Mausoleum of Maussollos

The Tomb of Mausolus, Mausoleum of Mausolus or Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC at Halicarnassus for Mausolus, a satrap in the Persian Empire, and Artemisia II of Caria, his wife and sister....
at Halicarnassas
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia

The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia is a highly important Roman Empire mausoleum in Ravenna, Italy. It is one of the eight structures in Ravenna that were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1996....
Anitkabir
Anitkabir

Anitkabir is the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atat?rk, the leader of Turkish War of Independence and the founder and first president of the Turkey....
mausoleum of Ataturk the founder of the Republic of Turkey at Ankara
Ankara

Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and the country's List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of cities in Turkey after Istanbul....
, Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
Tomb of Jahangir
Tomb of Jahangir

Tomb of Jahangir, is the mausoleum built for the Mughal Emperor Jahangir who ruled from 1605 to 1627. The mausoleum is located near the town of Shahdara Bagh in Lahore, Pakistan....
at Shahdara
Shahdara

Shahdara 1. Shahdara is a suburb of Delhi. It consists of old markets.Shahdara is a part of both East and Northeast Delhi.Shahdara has two MCD?s zones....
, near Lahore
Lahore

is the capital of the Pakistani Subdivisions of Pakistan of Punjab and is the List of most populated metropolitan areas in Pakistan city in Pakistan after Karachi....
, Pakistan.
Mazar-e-Quaid
Mazar-e-Quaid

Mazar-e-Quaid or the National Mausoleum refers to the tomb of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It is an iconic symbol of Karachi throughout the world....
at Karachi
Karachi

is the largest city, seaport and the International financial centre of Pakistan. It is List of metropolitan areas by population in terms of metropolitan population, and is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, and trade....
, Pakistan
Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
Royal Mausoleum
Frogmore

The Frogmore Estate or Gardens comprise of private gardens within the grounds of the Home Park, Windsor, adjoining Windsor Castle, in the England county of Berkshire....
and the Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum
Frogmore

The Frogmore Estate or Gardens comprise of private gardens within the grounds of the Home Park, Windsor, adjoining Windsor Castle, in the England county of Berkshire....
at Frogmore, England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
Grant's Tomb
Grant's Tomb

General Grant National Memorial , better known as Grant's Tomb, is a mausoleum containing the bodies of Ulysses S. Grant , an American Civil War General and the 18th President of the United States of the United States, and his wife, Julia Grant ....
, New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
- a reduced-scale version of Mausolos' original mausoleum.
Hamilton Mausoleum
Hamilton Mausoleum

Hamilton Mausoleum is located in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is the resting place of the family of the Dukes of Hamilton. Built in the grounds of demolished Hamilton Palace, its high stone vault reputedly gives this building the longest lasting Echo of any man-made structure in the world....
at Hamilton
Hamilton, South Lanarkshire

Hamilton is a town in South Lanarkshire, in the west-central Lowlands of Scotland. It serves as the main administrative centre of the South Lanarkshire council area....
in Scotland
Scotland

conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum

File:Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum.jpgFile:Mausol?e de H? Chi Minh.jpgThe H? Ch? Minh Mausoleum is a large memorial to the Vietnamese leader in Hanoi,Vietnam....
Abraham Lincoln's tomb
Lincoln Tomb

Lincoln's Tomb in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois, Illinois, is the final resting place of 16th President of the United States Abraham Lincoln, his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, and three of their four sons....
in Springfield
Springfield, Illinois

Springfield is the capital of the U.S. state of Illinois and the county seat of Sangamon County, Illinois with a population of 116,482 . Over 200,000 residents live in the Springfield Springfield, Illinois metropolitan area, which includes Sangamon County and adjacent Menard County, Illinois....
, Illinois
Illinois

The State of Illinois is a U.S. state of the United States, the 21st to be admitted to the United States. Illinois is the most populous and demographically diverse Midwestern United States state and the fifth most populous state in the nation....
Lenin's Mausoleum
Lenin's Mausoleum

Lenin's Mausoleum also known as Lenin's Tomb, situated in Red Square in Moscow, is the mausoleum that serves as the current cemetery of Vladimir Lenin....
in Moscow
Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
, Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
.
The Mausoleum of Khomeini
Mausoleum of Khomeini

The Mausoleum of Ayatollah Khomeini houses the tomb of Ruhollah Khomeini. It is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra cemetery....
in Tehran
Tehran

Tehran is the capital and largest city of Iran, and the administrative center of Tehran Province. Tehran is a sprawling city at the foot of the Alborz mountain range with an immense network of highways unparalleled in Western Asia....
, Iran
Iran

Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
Quezon Memorial
Quezon Memorial Circle

The Quezon Memorial Circle is a national park and shrine located in Quezon City, former capital of the Philippines . The park is an ellipse bounded by the Elliptical Road....
, in Quezon City
Quezon City

Quezon City , is the former capital and the most populous city in the Philippines. Located on the island of Luzon, Quezon City is one of the Cities of the Philippines and Philippine municipality that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region....
, Philippines
Philippines

The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
, houses the remains of Philippine President
President of the Philippines

File:Flag President of Philippines.pngThe President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Philippines. The President of the Philippines in Filipino is referred to as Ang Pangulo or Pangulo ....
Manuel Quezon and his wife Aurora
Aurora Quezon

Aurora Antonia Arag?n de Quezon , usually known simply as Aurora Quezon, and sometimes as Aurora Arag?n-Quezon, was the wife of President of the Philippines Manuel L....
.
Miles Mausoleum
Miles Mausoleum

There are two mausoleums known as Miles Mausoleum....
in Arlington National Cemetery
Astana Giribangun
Astana Giribangun

Astana Giribangun, , is a mausoleum complex for the Suharto family of former President of the Republic of Indonesia.It is located in Karang Bangun, Kecamatan Matesih, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Central Java Province approximately 35 kilometres from the city of Solo....
Suharto family complex in traditional Java
Java

Java is an island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city, Jakarta. Once the centre of powerful Hindu kingdoms, The spread of Islam in Indonesia , and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies, Java now plays a dominant role in the economic and political life of Indonesia....
nese architectural style in Karanganyar, Central Java
Central Java

Central Java is a Provinces of Indonesia of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of the six provinces of the island of Java ....
Argosari the peak of the Astana Giribangun
Astana Giribangun

Astana Giribangun, , is a mausoleum complex for the Suharto family of former President of the Republic of Indonesia.It is located in Karang Bangun, Kecamatan Matesih, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Central Java Province approximately 35 kilometres from the city of Solo....
complex alleged to be final resting place of legendary Java
Java

Java is an island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city, Jakarta. Once the centre of powerful Hindu kingdoms, The spread of Islam in Indonesia , and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies, Java now plays a dominant role in the economic and political life of Indonesia....
nese leader Raden Mas Samboernowo (aka Raden Mas Said),
Imogiri
Imogiri

Imogiri is a royal graveyard complex in Yogyakarta, in south-central Java , Indonesia, as well as a modern village located near the graveyard in Bantul regency....
complex in Imogiri
Imogiri

Imogiri is a royal graveyard complex in Yogyakarta, in south-central Java , Indonesia, as well as a modern village located near the graveyard in Bantul regency....
, Central Java
Central Java

Central Java is a Provinces of Indonesia of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of the six provinces of the island of Java ....
is the cemetery for Majapahit royals and the Hamengkubuwana Royals of Yogyakarta

Mausoleum

Notable mausolea

Sources

External links