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	Topics Russian literature Topic Home Russian literature refers to the literature of RussiaRussia Summary Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia.... or its émigréÉmigré migr is a French term that literally refers to a person who has "migrated out," but often carries a connotation of politico-... s, and to the Russian-languageFacts About Russian language Russian is the most widely spoken language of Eurasia and the most widespread of the Slavic languages.... literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Russia or the Soviet UnionSoviet Union Summary The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , more commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a Communist state that existed... . Prior to the nineteenth century Russia produced very little, if any, internationally read literature, but from around the 1830s Russian literature underwent an astounding golden age, beginning with the poet Aleksandr PushkinAleksandr Pushkin Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin was a Russian Romantic author who is considered to be the greatest Russian poet and the fou... and culminating in two of the greatest novelists in world literature, Leo TolstoyLeo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy , commonly referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, – ) was a Russian novelist, ph... and Fyodor DostoevskyFyodor Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is considered one of the greatest Russian writers, whose works have had a profound and last... , and the playwright Anton ChekhovAnton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a physician, major Russian short story writer and playwright.... . In the twentieth century leading figures of Russian literature included internationally recognised poets such as Vladimir Mayakovsky, Boris PasternakBoris Pasternak Overview Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was a Russian poet, writer best known in the West for his epic novel Doctor Zhivago, a tra... , Anna AkhmatovaAnna Akhmatova Summary Anna Akhmatova was the pen name of Anna Andreevna Gorenko, the leader and the heart and soul of St Petersburg tradit... and Joseph BrodskyJoseph Brodsky Joseph Brodsky, born Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky was a poet and essayist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature and wa... , and prose writers Maxim GorkyMaxim Gorky Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov, better known as Maxim Gorky, was a Soviet/Russian author, a founder of the socialist real... , Vladimir NabokovVladimir Nabokov Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov was a Russian-American author.... , Mikhail SholokhovMichail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov - February 21, 1984) was a Soviet/Russian novelist. ... , Mikhail BulgakovMikhail Bulgakov Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov was a Russian novelist and playwright of the first half of the 20th century.... and Aleksandr SolzhenitsynAleksandr Solzhenitsyn Summary Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn is a Russian novelist, dramatist and historian.... . Early history Old Russian literature consists of several masterpieces written in the Old Russian languageOld Russian language Overview The name Old Russian language has been applied to different things.... (not to be confused with the contemporaneous Church SlavonicChurch Slavonic Church Slavonic may refer to:Old Church Slavonic language... ). Anonymous works of this nature include The Tale of Igor's CampaignThe Tale of Igor's Campaign The Tale of Igor's Campaign* is an anonymous masterpiece of East Slavic literature written in the Old East Slavic languag... (????? ? ????? ???????, Slovo o Polku Igoreve) and the Praying of Daniel the ImmuredPraying of Daniel the Immured "Praying of Daniel the Immured", is a Russian literary monument of the 13th century.... (??????? ??????? ?????????, or Moleniye Daniila Zatochnika). The so-called ????? ?????? (zhitiya svyatikh, lives of the saintsFacts About Lives of the Saints *Lives of the Saints* is a book by Nino Ricci.... ) formed a popular genreGenre A genre is a division of a particular form of art or utterance according to criteria particular to that form.... of the Old Russian literature. The Life of Alexander NevskyLife of Alexander Nevsky "Life of Alexander Nevsky", a Russian literary monument of the late 13th early 14th centuries.... (????? ?????????? ????????, or Zhitiye Aleksandra Nevskovo) offers a well-known example. Other Russian literary monuments include Zadonschina, PhysiologistPhysiologist (Russian literature) Originally, Physiologist was an ancient collection of stories about nature, which probably appeared in Alexandria in 200 - 3... , SynopsisSynopsis (Russian literature) Synopsis, also known as the Kievan Synopsis is a historical work, first published in Kiev in 1674.... and A Journey Beyond the Three SeasA Journey Beyond the Three Seas *A Journey Beyond the Three Seas* is a Russian literary monument in the form of travel notes, made by a merchant from Tver... . BylinaBylina Bylina is a traditional epic, heroic narrative poetry of early East Slavs of Kievan Rus, the tradition continued in Russia a... s -- oral folk epics -- fused Christian and pagan traditions. Medieval Russian literature had an overwhelmingly religious character and used an adapted form of the Church SlavonicChurch Slavonic Church Slavonic may refer to:Old Church Slavonic language... language with many South Slavic elements. The first work in colloquial RussianRussian language Russian* is the most widely spoken language of Eurasia and the most widespread of the Slavic languages.... , the autobiography of arch priest AvvakumAvvakum Avvkum Petrv was a Russian protopope of Kazan Cathedral on Red Square who led the opposition to Patriarch Nikon's reforms of... , emerged only in the mid-17th century. Petrine era The "Westernization" of RussiaRussia Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia.... , commonly associated with Peter the GreatPeter I of Russia Peter I the Great . ruled Russia from 7 May 1682 until his death, before 1696 jointly with his weak and sickly half-broth... and Catherine the GreatCatherine II of Russia Catherine II of Russia, called the Great , born Sophie Augusta Frederike of Anhalt-Zerbst) sometimes referred to ... , coincided with a reform of the Russian alphabet and increased tolerance of the idea of employing the popular language for general literary purposes. Authors like Antioch KantemirAntioch Kantemir Summary Prince Antiokh Dmitrievich Kantemir was a Moldavian-born Russian Enlightenment man of letters and diplomat.... , Vasily Trediakovsky, and Mikhail LomonosovMikhail Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was a Russian writer and polymath who made important contributions to literature, education,... in the earlier 18th century paved the way for poets like Derzhavin, playwrights like dilis and tuyoSumarokov and FonvizinDenis Fonvizin Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin is the only playwright of the Russian Enlightenment whose plays are still staged today.... , and prose writers like Radishchev and KaramzinNikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin a Russian author credited with reforming the Russian literary language.... , the later is often credited with creation of modern Russian literary language. Golden Era The 19th century is traditionally referred to as the "Golden Era" of Russian literature. RomanticismRomanticism Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in late 18th century Western Europe.... permitted a flowering of especially poetic talent: the names of Zhukovsky and later that of his protegé Aleksandr PushkinAleksandr Pushkin Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin was a Russian Romantic author who is considered to be the greatest Russian poet and the fou... came to the fore. Pushlin is credited with both crystalizing the literary Russian language and introducing a new level of artistry to Russian literature. His best-known work is a novel in verse, Eugene OneginEugene Onegin *Eugene Onegin* is a novel in verse written by Aleksandr Pushkin.... . An entire new generation of poets including Mikhail LermontovMikhail Lermontov Mikhail Yur'yevich Lermontov,, a Russian Romantic writer and poet, sometimes called "the poet of the Caucasus", was the most... , Evgeny BaratynskyEvgeny Baratynsky Evgeny Abramovich Baratynsky was lauded by Alexander Pushkin as the finest Russian elegiac poet.... , Konstantin BatyushkovKonstantin Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolayevich Batyushkov ?????????? ?????????? ???????? was an important precursor of Alexander Pushkin in the... , Nikolai Alekseevich NekrasovNikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov ??????? ?????????? ???????? was a Russian poet, best remembered as the long-standing publi... , Aleksey Konstantinovich TolstoyAleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy Aleksey Tolstoy was a Russian poet, novelist and dramatist.... , Fyodor TyutchevFyodor Tyutchev Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is generally considered the last of three great Romantic poets of Russia, following Alexander Push... , and Afanasij Fet followed in Puskin's steps. Prose was flowerishing as well. The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai GogolNikolai Gogol Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol was a Russian writer.... . Then came LeskovNikolai Leskov Summary Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov was a Russian journalist, novelist and short story writer.... , Ivan TurgenevIvan Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev was a major Russian novelist and playwright.... , Saltykov-ShchedrinMikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Yevgrafovich Saltykov, better known under his penname Shchedrin, was a leading Russian satirist of the 19th cent... and GoncharovIvan Goncharov Overview Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov was a Russian novelist best known as the author of Oblomov.... . Leo TolstoyLeo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy , commonly referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, – ) was a Russian novelist, ph... and Fyodor DostoevskyFyodor Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is considered one of the greatest Russian writers, whose works have had a profound and last... who soon became internationally renowned to the point that many scholars have described one or the other as the greatest novelist ever. In the second half of the century Anton ChekhovAnton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a physician, major Russian short story writer and playwright.... excelled in writing short stories and became perhaps the leading dramatist internationally of his period. Other important nineteenth-century developments included Ivan KrylovIvan Krylov Ivan Andreyevich Krylov was the most famous Russian fabulist.... the fabulist; non-fiction writers such as Belinsky and HerzenAlexander Herzen Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen was a major Russian pro-Western writer and thinker known as the "father of Russian socialism".... ; playwrights such as GriboedovAlexandr Griboyedov Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov was a Russian diplomat, playwright, and composer.... and OstrovskyAlexandr Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky was a Russian dramatic author.... and Kozma PrutkovKozma Prutkov Kozma Prutkov is a fictional author invented by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy and three Zhemchuzhnikov brothers - Alexei,... (a collective pen name) the satirist. Silver Age The beginning of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian poetry. Well-known poets of the period include: Valery BryusovValery Bryusov Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov was a Russian poet, prose writer, dramatist, translator, critic and historian.... , Konstantin BalmontKonstantin Balmont Summary Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont- Russian symbolist, a poet of Silver Age of Russian Poetry.... , Mikhail KuzminMikhail Kuzmin Mikhail Alekseevich Kuzmin was a prominent contributor to the Silver Age of Russian Poetry.... , Igor SeveryaninIgor Severyanin Igor SeveryaninIgor was born in St.... , Sasha ChernySasha Cherny Sasha Cherny was a Russian poet, satirist and children's writer.... , Nikolay GumilyovNikolay Gumilyov Nikolay Stepanovich Gumilyov was an influential Russian poet who founded the acmeism movement.... , Maximilian VoloshinMaximilian Voloshin Maximilian Alexandrovich Kirienko-Voloshin was one of the significant representatives of the Symbolist movement in Russian c... , Innokenty AnnenskyInnokenty Annensky Summary Innokentiy Fyodorovich Annensky was a poet, critic and translator, representative of the first wave of the Russian Symbolism... , Zinaida GippiusZinaida Gippius Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius ??????? ?????????? ??????? was a Russian symbolist poet and author.... . The poets most often associated with the "Silver Age" are Sergei Esenin and Alexander BlokAlexander Blok Alexander Blok, was perhaps the most gifted lyrical poet produced by Russia after Alexander Pushkin.... and younger Anna AkhmatovaAnna Akhmatova Summary Anna Akhmatova was the pen name of Anna Andreevna Gorenko, the leader and the heart and soul of St Petersburg tradit... , Marina TsvetaevaFacts About Marina Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was a Russian poet and writer. ... , Osip MandelstamOsip Mandelstam Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam was a Russian poet and essayist, one of the foremost members of the Acmeist school of poets.... and Boris PasternakBoris Pasternak Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was a Russian poet, writer best known in the West for his epic novel Doctor Zhivago, a tra... . These latter two women and two men are sometimes jokingly called "The ABBAABBA ABBA was a Swedish Pop/Rock and Roll band formed in 1972 by Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Agnetha Fältskog, Benny Andersson, and Björn Ulvae... of Russian poetry". While the Silver Age is considered as the development of the 19th century Russian literature tradition, some avant-garde poets tried to overturn it: Velimir KhlebnikovVelimir Khlebnikov Velimir Khlebnikov, pseudonym of Viktor Vladimirovich Khlebnikov, was a central part of the Russian Futurist movement ... , David Burlyuk and Vladimir Mayakovsky. Silver Age is famous mostly for its poetry, it gave some first-rate novelists and short-story writers, such as Alexander Kuprin, Nobel Prize winner Ivan Bunin, Leonid AndreyevLeonid Andreyev Leonid Nikolaievich Andreyev was a Russian playwright who led the Expressionism movement in the national literature.... , Fedor SologubFyodor Sologub Fyodor Sologub was a Russian Symbolist poet, novelist, playwright and essayist.... , Aleksey RemizovAleksey Remizov Aleksei Mikhailovich Remizov was a Russian modernist writer whose creative imagination veered to the fantastic and bizarre.... , Yevgeny ZamyatinYevgeny Zamyatin Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin was a Russian author, most famous for his novel We, a story of dystopian future which influ... , Dmitry MerezhkovskyFacts About Dmitry Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky ??????? ????????? ???????????? was one of the earliest and most eminent ideologues of Ru... and Andrei BelyFacts About Andrei Bely Andrei Bely was the pseudonym of Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev, a Russian novelist, poet, theorist, and literary critic.... , though most of them wrote poetry as well as prose. Soviet era The first years of Soviet regime were marked by proliferation of avant-garde literature groups. One of the most important was OberiuOberiu OBERIU was a short-lived avant-garde grouping of Russian post-Futurist poets in 1920s-1930s.... movement that included Nikolay ZabolotskyNikolay Zabolotsky Nikolay Zabolotsky - a Russian poet, children's writer and translator.... , Alexander Vvedensky, Konstantin VaginovKonstantin Vaginov Konstantin Vaginov ?????????? ?????????????? ???????) - a Russian poet.... and the most famous Russian absurdist Daniil KharmsDaniil Kharms Daniil Kharms was an early Soviet-era surrealist and absurdist poet, writer and dramatist.... . Other famous authors experimenting with language were Andrei PlatonovAndrei Platonov Andrei Platonov was the pen name of Andrei Platonovich Klimentov, a Russian writer of the Soviet period whose works anticip... , Mikhail Zoschenko, Yuri Olesha and Isaac BabelIsaac Babel Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel, Russian: ????? ???????????? ?????? was a Soviet journalist, playwright, and short story writer.... . But soon Sovietization of the country brought Sovietization of the literature. Socialist realismSocialist realism Socialist realism is a teleologically-oriented style of realistic art which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals ... became the only officially approved style. novelists Maxim GorkyMaxim Gorky Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov, better known as Maxim Gorky, was a Soviet/Russian author, a founder of the socialist real... , Nobel PrizeNobel Prize in Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of Alfred Nobel, produ... winner Mikhail SholokhovMichail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov - February 21, 1984) was a Soviet/Russian novelist. ... , Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi, poets Konstantin SimonovKonstantin Simonov Summary Konstantin Simonov was a Soviet/Russian author.... and Aleksandr TvardovskyAleksandr Tvardovsky Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky was a Soviet poet, chief editor of Novy Mir literary magazine.... were the most prominent representatives of the official Soviet literature. Only few, like Ilf and PetrovIlf and Petrov Overview Ilya Ilf and Evgeny or Yevgeny Petrov were two Soviet prose authors of the 1920s and 1930s.... , with their picaresque novelsPicaresque novel The picaresque novel is a popular subgenre of prose fiction which is usually satirical and depicts in realistic and often h... about a charismatic con artist Ostap BenderOstap Bender Ostap Bender is a misanthropic con man and antihero who first appeared in the novel The Twelve Chairs, written by Russia... , could publish without strictly following the Socialist realism guidelines. Not everybody willed to comply with official ideology. Mikhail BulgakovMikhail Bulgakov Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov was a Russian novelist and playwright of the first half of the 20th century.... or Boris Pasternak with his novel Doctor ZhivagoFacts About Doctor Zhivago The phrase Doctor Zhivago can refer to:... continued the classical tradition of Russian literature with little hope of being published. The Serapion BrothersSerapion Brothers The Serapion Brothers was a group of writers formed in Russia in 1922.... insisted on the right to create a literature independent of political ideology: this brought them into conflict with the government. Meanwhile, émigré writers such as poets Georgy IvanovGeorgy Ivanov Georgii Vladimirovich Ivanov was a leading poet and essayist of the Russian emigration between the 1930s and 1950s.... , Georgy Adamov and Vladislav KhodasevichVladislav Khodasevich Vladislav Felitsianovich Khodasevich was an influential Russian poet and literary critic who presided over the Berlin circle... , novelists Ivan Bunin, Gaito GazdanovGaito Gazdanov Gaito Gazdanov was a Russian emigr writer of Ossetian extraction.... , Mark AldanovMark Aldanov Mark Aldanov, 1889 -- February 25, 1957) was a Russian emigrant writer, known for his historical novels.... and Vladimir NabokovVladimir Nabokov Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov was a Russian-American author.... continued to flourish in exile. In post-StalinJoseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin , alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin, was the de facto leader and dictator of ... Russia, Socialist realism remained the only permitted style, and while some good authors such as Yury TrifonovFacts About Yury Trifonov Yury Valentinovich Trifonov was a leading representative of the so-called Soviet "urban prose", a 1970s movement inspired by... managed to make it through censorship barriers, most like Nobel Prize winner Aleksandr SolzhenitsynAleksandr Solzhenitsyn Overview Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn is a Russian novelist, dramatist and historian.... (who built his works on the legacy of the gulagGulag Gulag is an acronym for ??????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ??????? ? ???????, "Glavnoye... camps) or Vasily GrossmanVasily Grossman Vasily Semyonovich Grossman, December 12 1905 – September 14 1964, was a prominent Soviet-era writer and journalist.... couldn't publish in USSR their major works. The authorities tried to control Russian literature even abroad: for example they put pressure on the Nobel PrizeFacts About Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes are prizes instituted by the will of Alfred Nobel, awarded to people who have done outstanding research, i... committee to deny Konstantin Paustovsky the Literature Prize in 1965. The prize was awarded instead to Mikhail Sholokhov who was more loyal to the Soviet regime. Pasternak was forced to refuse his Nobel Prize in 1958. Post-Communist Russia saw most of these works published and become a part of mainstream culture. However, even before the decay of the Soviet Union, tolerance to non-mainstream art had slowly started to grow, especially during the Khrushchev ThawKhrushchev Thaw In Soviet history, Khruschev's Thaw or Khrushchev Thaw refers to the period between the end of 1950s and the beginning... . Some works of Bulgakov, Solzhenitsyn and Varlam ShalamovVarlam Shalamov Summary Varlam Tikhonovich Shalamov was a Russian writer, journalist, poet, political prisoner and Gulag survivor.... were published in the 1960s. The decade brought out new popular authors, such as Strugatsky brothers who disguised Social criticism as Science fictionScience fiction Science fiction is a popular genre of fiction in which the narrative world differs from our own present or historical reali... . But the thaw didn't last long. In the 1970s some of the most prominent authors was not just banned by publishing, but prosecuted for their Anti-Soviet sentiments or parasitismParasitism Parasitism is one version of symbiosis , a phenomenon in which two organisms which are phylogenetically unrelated co-exist o... . Solzhenitsyn was expelled from the country. Leaders of the younger generation such as Nobel prize winning poet Joseph BrodskyJoseph Brodsky Joseph Brodsky, born Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky was a poet and essayist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature and wa... , novelists Vasily Aksenov, Eduard LimonovFacts About Eduard Limonov Eduard Limonov is a Russian nationalist writer and dissident, and is the founder and leader of Russia's unregistered Nationa... and Sasha SokolovSasha Sokolov Sasha Sokolov is a paradoxical writer of Russian literature.... , short story writer Sergei DovlatovSergei Dovlatov Sergei Donatovich Dovlatov was a Russian short-story writer and novelist.... , had to emigrate to the US, while Venedikt Erofeyev "emigrated" to alcoholism. They remained known in the Soviet Union with the help of samizdatSamizdat Samizdat was the clandestine copying and distribution of government-suppressed literature or other media in Soviet-bloc cou... . Post-Soviet era The end of the 20th century century has proven a difficult period for Russian literature, with relatively few distinct voices. Among the most discussed authors of these period were novelists Victor PelevinVictor Pelevin Overview Victor Pelevin is a modern Russian writer, one of the most acclaimed and successful to emerge in the post-Soviet period.... and Vladimir SorokinVladimir Sorokin Vladimir Georgievich Sorokin is a contemporary postmodern Russian writer. ... and a poet Dmitry Alexandrovich PrigovDmitri Prigov Dmitri Aleksandrovich Prigov was a Russian writer and artist.... . A relatively new trend in Russian literature is that female novelists such as Tatyana TolstayaTatyana Tolstaya Tatyana Tolstaya is a well-known modern Russian writer, TV-host, publicist, novelist, and essayist.... , Lyudmila UlitskayaLyudmila Ulitskaya Ludmila Ulitskaya is a critically acclaimed modern Russian novelist and short-story writer.... or Dina RubinaDina Rubina Dina Ilyinichna Rubina is a Russian-Israeli prose writer.... came into prominence. Detective stories and thrillers have proven a very successful genre of new Russian literature: in the 90s serial detective novels by Alexandra MarininaAlexandra Marinina Alexandra Marinina is a Russian best-seller detective stories writer.... , Polina Dashkova and Darya Dontsova were published in millions of copies. In the next decade a more "high-brow" author Boris AkuninBoris Akunin Boris Akunin is the pen name of Grigory Shalvovich Chkhartishvili, born May 20, 1956, a Russian essayist, literary tra... with his series about the 19th century sleuth Erast FandorinFacts About Erast Fandorin Erast Petrovich Fandorin is a fictional 19th-century Russian detective and the hero of a historical detective series in Russ... became widely popular. Tradition of classic Russian novel continues with such author as Mikhail Shishkin. The leading poets of young generation are arguably Dmitry Vodennikov and Andrey Rodionov, both famous not only for their verses, but also for ability to artistically recite them. Russian literature abroad Russian literature is not only written by Russians. In the Soviet times such popular writers as Belorussian Vasil Bykov, KyrgyzKyrgyz Kyrgyz are a Turkic ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan.... Chinghiz AitmatovChinghiz Aitmatov Chinghiz Aitmatov... and AbkhazAbkhaz Abkhaz or Abkhazian can refer to:... Fazil IskanderFazil Iskander Fazil Iskander is arguably the most famous Abkhaz writer, renowned in the former Soviet Union for his vivid descriptions of ... wrote some of their books in Russian. Some reknown contemporary authors writing in Russian have been born and live in Ukraine or Baltic States. A number of prominent Russian authors such as novelists Mikhail Shishkin, Ruben Gonsales Galiego, Svetlana MartynchikSvetlana Martynchik Svetlana Martynchik is a Russian writer and artist.... and Dina RubinaDina Rubina Summary Dina Ilyinichna Rubina is a Russian-Israeli prose writer.... , poets Alexei TsvetkovAlexei Tsvetkov Tsvetkov, Alexei Petrovich is a Russian poet and essayist. ... and Bakhyt Kenzheev, though born in USSR, live and work in EuropeEurope Summary Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth.... , North AmericaNorth America North America is a continent in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost fully in the western hemisphere.... or IsraelFacts About Israel Israel , officially the State of Israel, is a country in Western Asia on the southeastern edge of the Mediterranean Se... . See also List of Russian language poetsList of Russian language poets Poets who wrote much of their poetry in the Russian language.... Russian FormalismRussian formalism Russian formalism was an influential school of literary criticism in Russia from the 1910s to the 1930s.... Pushkin HousePushkin House The Pushkin House is the familiar name of the Institute of Russian Literature in St.... List of Russian writers SkazkaFairy tale A fairy tale is a story featuring folkloric characters such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants, and others.... Russian philosophyFacts About Russian philosophy Russian philosophy is a broad field, little known to most non-Russians, dominated by religious and humanistic figures such a... Russian science fiction and fantasyRussian science fiction and fantasy Russian science fiction arguably had its Golden age in the 1960s, when also majority of English translations were made.... External links (in Russian) (in English) by Erik Lindgren (Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky) Brief summary