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The Restoration Movement (also known as the "Stone-Campbell Movement") began during the Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening

The Second Great Awakening   was a period of great religious revival that extended into the antebellum period of the United States, with widespread Christian evangelism and conversions....
 early nineteenth century as a movement to reform the church and unite Christians. Barton W. Stone
Barton W. Stone

Barton Warren Stone was an important preacher during the Second Great Awakening of the early 19th century. He became first a Presbyterian minister, then was expelled for his beliefs in faith as the sole prerequisite for salvation, after the Cane Ridge, Kentucky revival....
 and Alexander Campbell
Alexander Campbell (Restoration movement)

Alexander Campbell was an early leader in the Second Great Awakening of the religious movement that has been referred to as the Restoration Movement, or Stone-Campbell Movement....
 were leading figures of two movements on the American frontier, each of which independently developed similar approaches, seeking to renew the whole Christian church, on the pattern set forth in the New Testament
New Testament

The New Testament is the name given to the second major division of the Christianity Bible, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
. Both groups believed that creeds kept Christianity divided.






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The Restoration Movement (also known as the "Stone-Campbell Movement") began during the Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening

The Second Great Awakening   was a period of great religious revival that extended into the antebellum period of the United States, with widespread Christian evangelism and conversions....
 early nineteenth century as a movement to reform the church and unite Christians. Barton W. Stone
Barton W. Stone

Barton Warren Stone was an important preacher during the Second Great Awakening of the early 19th century. He became first a Presbyterian minister, then was expelled for his beliefs in faith as the sole prerequisite for salvation, after the Cane Ridge, Kentucky revival....
 and Alexander Campbell
Alexander Campbell (Restoration movement)

Alexander Campbell was an early leader in the Second Great Awakening of the religious movement that has been referred to as the Restoration Movement, or Stone-Campbell Movement....
 were leading figures of two movements on the American frontier, each of which independently developed similar approaches, seeking to renew the whole Christian church, on the pattern set forth in the New Testament
New Testament

The New Testament is the name given to the second major division of the Christianity Bible, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
. Both groups believed that creeds kept Christianity divided. The groups merged in 1832 with a handshake. United in the belief that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, the churches celebrate the Lord's Supper
Eucharist

The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names, is a Christianity sacrament commemorating, by consecrating bread and wine, the Last Supper, the final meal that Jesus Christ shared with his disciples before his arrest, and eventual crucifixion, when he gave them bread saying, "This is my body", and wine...
 on the first day of each week
Sunday

Sunday is the week between Saturday and Monday. In the Jewish law it is the first day of the Hebrew calendar week. In many Christian traditions it is Christian Sabbath, which replaced Jewish Shabbat....
 and practice believer's baptism
Believer's baptism

Believer's baptism is the Christianity practice of baptism as this is understood by many Protestant churches, including those that descend from the Anabaptist tradition....
 by immersion in water.

Three modern groups claim the Stone Campbell movement as their roots: Churches of Christ, Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ
Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ

The Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ are a part of the Restoration Movement and share historical roots with the Christian Church and the a cappella Churches of Christ....
, and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)

The Christian Church is a Mainline Protestant denomination in North America. It is often referred to as The Christian Church, Disciples of Christ, or more simply as The Disciples....
.

Early history

The Restoration Movement began as two separate threads, each of which initially developed without the knowledge of the other, during the Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening

The Second Great Awakening   was a period of great religious revival that extended into the antebellum period of the United States, with widespread Christian evangelism and conversions....
 in the early nineteenth century. The first, led by Barton W. Stone
Barton W. Stone

Barton Warren Stone was an important preacher during the Second Great Awakening of the early 19th century. He became first a Presbyterian minister, then was expelled for his beliefs in faith as the sole prerequisite for salvation, after the Cane Ridge, Kentucky revival....
 began at Cane Ridge, Bourbon County, Kentucky. The group called themselves simply Christians. The second, began in western Pennsylvania and Virginia (now West Virginia), led by Thomas Campbell and his son, Alexander Campbell. Because the founders wanted to abandon all denominational labels, they used the biblical names for the followers of Jesus that they found in the Bible. Both groups promoted a return to the purposes of the first century churches as described in the New Testament. One historian of the movement has argued that it was primarily a unity movement, with the restoration motif playing a subordinate role.

Stone movement