Pollen source

Pollen Source

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Pollen source

The term pollen source is often used in the context of beekeeping

Beekeeping

Beekeeping is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in beehives, by humans. A beekeeper keeps bees in order to collect honey and beeswax, for the purpose of pollination agriculture, or to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers....
and refers to flowering plants as a source of pollen

Pollen

Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of Gametophyte , which produce the male gametes of spermatophyta. A hard coat covering the pollen grain protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement between the stamens of the flower to the pistil of the next flower....
for bees or other insects. Bees collect pollen as a protein source to raise their brood. For the plant, the pollinizer, this can be an important mechanism for sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction is characterized by processes that pass a Genetic recombination of Genetics material to offspring, resulting in Genetic diversity....
, as the pollinator

Pollinator

A pollinator is the biotic agent that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female carpel of a flower to accomplish fertilization or syngamy of the female gamete in the ovule of the flower by the male gamete from the pollen grain....
distributes its pollen. Few flowering plants self pollinate

Self-pollination

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Encyclopedia

The term pollen source is often used in the context of beekeeping

Beekeeping

Pollen

Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction is characterized by processes that pass a Genetic recombination of Genetics material to offspring, resulting in Genetic diversity....
, as the pollinator

Pollinator

Self-pollination

Self-pollination is a form of pollination that can occur when a flower has both stamen and a carpel in which the cultivar or species is Self-fertilization and the stamens and the sticky carpel of the carpel contact each other to accomplish pollination....
; some can provide their own pollen (self fertile), but require a pollinator to move the pollen; others are dependent on cross pollination from a genetically different source of viable pollen, through the activity of pollinators. One of the possible pollinators to assist in cross-pollination are honeybees. The article below is mainly about the pollen source from a beekeeping perspective.

The pollen source in a given area depends on the type of vegetation

Vegetation

refers to the flora system of a specific region....
present and the length of their bloom period. What type of vegetation will grow in an area depends on soil texture, soil pH, soil drainage, daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, extreme minimum winter temperature, and growing degree day

Growing degree day

Growing degree days are a heuristic tool in phenology. GDD are used by horticulture and gardeners to predict the date that a flower will bloom or a crop reach maturity....
s. The plants listed below are plants that would grow in USDA

United States Department of Agriculture

The United States Department of Agriculture is the United States federal executive departments responsible for developing and executing Federal government of the United States policy on farming, agriculture, and food....
5. A good predictor for when a plant will bloom and produce pollen

Pollen

The color of pollen below indicates the color as it appears when the pollen arrives at the beehive. Bees mix dry pollen with nectar and/or honey

Honey

Honey is a sweet fluid produced by honey bees , and derived from the nectar of flowers. According to the United States National Honey Board and various international food regulations, "honey stipulates a pure product that does not allow for the addition of any other substance?this includes, but is not limited to, water or other sweeteners...
to compact the pollen in the pollen basket

Pollen basket

The pollen basket or corbicula is part of the Arthropod leg#Hexapoda on the hind legs of the four related lineages of apidae bees that used to comprise the family Apidae: the honey bees, bombus, stingless bees, and euglossini....
. Dry pollen, is a food source for bees, which contains 16 - 30% protein, 1 - 10% fat, 1 - 7% starch, many vitamins, but little sugar. The protein source needed for rearing one worker bee from larval to adult stage requires approximately 120 to 145 mg of pollen. An average bee colony will collect about 20 to 57 kg (44 to 125 pounds) of pollen a year.

Source: accessed Feb 2005

Spring

Trees and shrubs - Spring

Common name	Latin name	Blooming months	Pollen color	Availability	Source for honeybees
Maple Maple *Acer* is a genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as Maple. Maples are variously classified in a family of their own, the Aceraceae, or included in the family Sapindaceae....	Acer spp.	Feb - Apr	light yellow	feral	fair
Manitoba Maple (Box elder)	Acer negundo	Feb - Apr	light olive	feral	good
Norway maple Norway Maple *Acer platanoides* is a species of maple native to eastern and central Europe and southwest Asia, from France east to Russia, north to southern Scandinavia and southeast to northern Iran....	Acer platanoides	Apr - May	yellow green, olive	feral	fair
Red Maple Red Maple *Acer rubrum* , is one of the most common and widespread deciduous trees of Eastern United States North America. It ranges from the Lake of the Woods on the border between Ontario and Minnesota, east to Newfoundland and Labrador, south to near Miami, Florida, Florida, and southwest to east Texas....	Acer rubrum	Mar - Apr	grey brown	feral
Grey Alder Alder Alder is the common name of a genus of flowering plants belonging to the birch family . The genus comprises about 30 species of Plant sexuality trees and shrubs, few reaching large size, distributed throughout the North Temperate Zone and in the New World also along the Andes southwards to Argentina....	Alnus incana	Feb - Apr	brownish yellow	feral
American Chestnut American Chestnut The American Chestnut is a large, deciduous tree of the beech family native to eastern North America. Before the species was devastated by the chestnut blight, a fungal disease, it was one of the most important forest trees throughout its range....	Castanea dentata	May - Jun		mostly ornamental
Sweet Chestnut Sweet Chestnut The Sweet Chestnut , also known as the Spanish Chestnut, Portuguese Chestnut or European chestnut, is a species of chestnut originally native to southeastern Europe and Asia Minor....	Castanea sativa	May		feral	good
Common Hackberry Hackberry Hackberry is a genus of about 60-70 species of deciduous trees widespread in warm temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, in southern Europe, southern and eastern Asia, and southern and central North America, and south to central Africa and South America....	Celtis occidentalis	Apr - May		feral
Flowering Quince Quince The Quince , or Cydonia oblonga, is the sole member of the genus Cydonia and native to warm-temperate southwest Asia in the Caucasus region....	Chaenomeles japonica, Chaenomeles lagenaria, Chaenomeles speciosa 'Nivalis, Chaenomeles x superba	Apr - May		feral	good
American Hazel Hazel The hazels are a genus of deciduous trees and large shrubs native to the temperate northern hemisphere. The genus is usually placed in the birch family Betulaceae, though some botanists split the hazels into a separate family Corylaceae.Hazel plants prefer a nice warm, mild,moist climate nothing more nothing less....	Corylus americana	Mar - Apr	light green	feral and ornamental	fair/good
Hawthorn Crataegus Hawthorn is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America....	Crataegus spp.	Apr - May	yellow brown	feral	fair
White Ash White Ash *Fraxinus americana* is a species of Fraxinus native to eastern North America found in mesophytic hardwood forests from Nova Scotia west to Minnesota, south to northern Florida, and southwest to eastern Texas....	Fraxinus americana	Apr - May
Honey Locust Honey locust The Honey locust is a deciduous tree native to eastern North America. It is mostly found in the moist soil of river valleys ranging from southeastern South Dakota to New Orleans and central Texas, and as far east as central Pennsylvania....	Gleditsia triancanthos	May - Jun		feral
American holly American Holly *Ilex opaca* is a species of holly, native to the eastern United States, from coastal Massachusetts south to central Florida, and west to southeastern Missouri and eastern Texas....	Ilex opaca	Apr - Jun		feral
Walnut Walnut Walnuts are plants in the family Juglandaceae. They are deciduous trees, 10–40 meter s tall , with pinnate leaves 200?900 millimetres long , with 5–25 leaflets; the shoots have chambered pith, a character shared with the wingnut but not the hickory in the same family....	Juglans spp.	Apr - May		cultivated	fair
Tulip-tree Liriodendron Liriodendron is a genus of two species of tree in the Magnoliaceae family, known under the common name Tulip tree. Liriodendron tulipifera is native to eastern North America, while Liriodendron chinense is native to China and Vietnam....	Lirodendron tulipifera	May - Jun		feral and ornamental	good
Crab Apple	Malus spp.	Mar - Jun	light olive	ornamental
Apple APPLE This article is about the satellite APPLE. For the fruit apple, see Apple. For other uses see Apple .The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment , was an experimental communication satellite with a C-Band transponder launched by Indian Space Research Organisation satellite on June 19, 1981 by Ariane 1, a launch vehicle of the European Spac...	Malus domestica, Malus sylvestris	Apr - May	yellow white	cultivated and ornamental	very good
American Sycamore Platanus *Platanus* is a small genus of trees native to the Northern Hemisphere. They are the sole members of the family Platanaceae.They are all large trees to 30?50 m tall, deciduous , and are mostly found in riparian or other wetland habitat in the wild, though proving drought tolerant in cultivation away from streams....	Platanus occidentalis	Apr - May	light olive	feral
Plum Prunus *Prunus* is a genus of trees and shrubs, including the plums, cherry, peaches, apricots and almonds. It is traditionally placed within the rose family Rosaceae as a subfamily, the Prunoideae , but sometimes placed in its own family, the Prunaceae ....	Prunus spp.	Apr - May	light grey, grey	ornamental and cultivated
Almond Almond The Almond is a species of tree of the genus Prunus, belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae of the family Rosaceae and native to the Middle East....	Prunus amygdalus	Feb	light brown to brown pollen - not considered a good pollen source but bees are the primary pollinator	cultivated mostly in California	fair
Wild Cherry Prunus *Prunus* is a genus of trees and shrubs, including the plums, cherry, peaches, apricots and almonds. It is traditionally placed within the rose family Rosaceae as a subfamily, the Prunoideae , but sometimes placed in its own family, the Prunaceae ....	Prunus avium	Apr - May	yellow brown, light brown	feral	very good
Cherry Plum Cherry plum The Cherry plum , also called Myrobalan is a species of plum native to central and eastern Europe, southwest and central Asia.It is a large shrub or small tree reaching 6-15 m tall, with deciduous leaf 4-6 cm long....	Prunus cerasifera		light brown to brown	feral	fair
Sour Cherry Cherry The word cherry refers to a fleshy fruit that contains a single stony seed. The cherry belongs to the family Rosaceae, genus Prunus, along with almonds, peaches, plums, apricots and bird cherry ....	Prunus cerasus	Apr - May	dark yellow	ornamental and cultivated	very good
Peach Peach The peach is known as a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit also called a peach. It is a deciduous tree growing to 5?10 m tall, belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae of the family Rosaceae....	Prunus persica	Apr - May	redish yellow	ornamental and cultivated	good
Black Cherry Prunus *Prunus* is a genus of trees and shrubs, including the plums, cherry, peaches, apricots and almonds. It is traditionally placed within the rose family Rosaceae as a subfamily, the Prunoideae , but sometimes placed in its own family, the Prunaceae ....	Prunus serotina	Apr - May		feral	minor
Blackthorn Blackthorn *Prunus spinosa* is a species of Prunus native to Europe, western Asia, and locally in northwest Africa.It is a deciduous large shrub or small tree growing to 5 m tall, with blackish bark and dense, stiff, spiny branches....	Prunus spinosa			feral	good
Pear Pear The pear is an edible pome fruit produced by a tree of genus Pyrus . The pear is classified within Maloideae, a subfamily within Rosaceae. The apple , which it resembles in floral structure, is also a member of this subfamily....	Pyrus communis	Apr - May	red yellow	ornamental and cultivated	good
Oak Oak The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus , which are listed in the List of Quercus species, and some related genera, notably Lithocarpus....	Quercus spp.	May		feral
Oak Oak The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus , which are listed in the List of Quercus species, and some related genera, notably Lithocarpus....	Quercus robur, Quercus pedunculata	May	light olive	feral	minor
Black Locust Black locust *Robinia pseudoacacia, commonly known as the Black Locust*, is a tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States, but has been widely planted and naturalisation elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe and Asia and is considered an invasive species in some areas....	Robinia pseudoacacia	May - Jun		feral
Blackberry BlackBerry The BlackBerry is a wireless handheld device introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager. In 2002, the more commonly known smartphone BlackBerry was released, which supports push e-mail, mobile telephone, text messaging, internet faxing, web browsing and other wireless information services as well as a multi-touch interface....	Rubus spp.	May - Jun	light grey	feral and cultivated
Raspberry Raspberry The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the subgenus Rubus#Scientific classification of the genus Rubus; the name also applies to these plants themselves....	Rubus idaeus	May - Jun		feral and cultivated	good
Willow Willow Willows, sallows, and osiers form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere....	Salix spp.	Feb - Apr	lemon	feral	good
White Willow White Willow *Salix alba* is a species of willow native to Europe and western and central Asia. The name derives from the white tone to the undersides of the leaves....	Salix alba			feral	good
Goat Willow Goat Willow *Salix caprea* , is a common species of willow native to Europe and western and central Asia.It is a deciduous shrub or small tree, reaching a height of 6-12 m, rarely to 20 m....	Salix caprea	Mar - Apr		feral	very good
Violet Willow Willow Willows, sallows, and osiers form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere....	Salix daphnoides	Mar - Apr		feral	very good
Pussy Willow Willow Willows, sallows, and osiers form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere....	Salix discolor	Mar - Apr		feral and ornamental
Basket Willow Willow Willows, sallows, and osiers form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere....	Salix purpurea	Mar - Apr		feral	very good
Silky leaf osier, Smith's Willow Willow Willows, sallows, and osiers form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere....	Salix x smithiana	Apr - May			very good
American mountain ash Sorbus americana The tree species *Sorbus americana* is commonly known as the American Mountain-ash. It is a relatively small deciduous perennial tree, native to northern North America and the Appalachian Mountains....	Sorbus americana	May-Jun		feral
American Elm Elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus, family Ulmaceae. Elms first appeared in the Miocene period about 40 million years ago....	Ulmus americana	Feb - Apr	light grey	feral
Winged Elm	Ulmus alata	Feb - Mar	pale yellow	feral	good
Europea field elm Elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus, family Ulmaceae. Elms first appeared in the Miocene period about 40 million years ago....	Ulmus americana			feral	good

Pictures

Flowers and annual crop plants - Spring

Common name	Latin name	Blooming months	Pollen color	Availability	Source for honeybees
Ajuga (Bronze Bugle, Common Bugle)	Ajuga reptans	mid spring
Chives Chives Chives are the smallest species of the onion family Alliaceae, native to Europe, Asia and North America. They are referred to only in the plural, because they grow in clumps rather than as individual plants....	Allium schoenoprasum	May - Sep		cultivated?
Asparagus Asparagus *Asparagus officinalis* is a flowering plant species in the genus Asparagus from which the vegetable known as asparagus is obtained....	Asparagus officinalis	May - Jun	bright orange	cultivated
Mustard Mustard plant Mustards are several plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapis whose small mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into the condiment known as Mustard ....	Brassica arvenisi	Apr - May	lemon	cultivated and feral
Canola Canola Canola is one of two cultivars of rapeseed or Field mustard . Their seeds are used to produce edible oil that is fit for human consumption because it has lower levels of erucic acid than traditional rapeseed oils and to produce livestock feed because it has reduced levels of the toxin glucosin....	Brassica napus	May - Jun	lemon	extensively cultivated	very good
	Crocus vernus Crocus vernus *Crocus vernus* is a plant of the Crocus genus in the Iridaceae family.Its cultivars and that of Crocus flavus are used as ornamental plants.... (syn. Crocus aureus)	April	orange yellow	feral and ornamental	fair
	Doronicum cordatum	Apr - May
Winter aconite	Eranthis hyemalis	Mar - Apr	yellow	feral and ornamental	good
Snowdrop Snowdrop Snowdrop is the common name for members of the genus Galanthus, a small genus of about 20 species in the family Amaryllidaceae; snowdrops are among the first bulbs to bloom in spring, although certain species flower in late autumn and winter....	Galanthus nivalis	Mar - Apr	orange, red		fair
Henbit Lamium *Lamium* is a genus of about 40-50 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, of which family it is the type genus. They are all herbaceous plants native to Europe, Asia, and north Africa, but several have become very successful weeds of agriculture fields and are now widely naturalisation across the temperate world....	Lamium amplexicaule	April	orange red, red, purplish red	Apr - Jul	poor
White Sweet Clover	Melilotus alba	May - Aug	yellow to dark yellow	feral and cultivated	good
Yellow Sweet Clover	Melilotus officinalis	May - Aug	yellow to dark yellow	feral and cultivated
Sainfoin Sainfoin Sainfoins are Eurasian perennial plant herbs of the legume family . Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species of sainfoins are presently known....	Onobrychis viciifolia	May - Jul	yellow brown		very good
Raspberry Raspberry The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the subgenus Rubus#Scientific classification of the genus Rubus; the name also applies to these plants themselves....	Rubus idaeus	May - Jul	white grey	feral and cultivated	good
Siberian squill Siberian squill Siberian squill , also known as the wood squill or spring beauty, is a small perennial plant native to Siberia.This plant grows to 15 cm tall and produces small, violet-blue flowers with blue pollen early in the spring....	Scilla sibirica	Mar - Apr	steel blue	feral and ornamental	good
White mustard Mustard plant Mustards are several plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapis whose small mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into the condiment known as Mustard ....	Sinapis alba	June	lemon	feral and cultivated	good
	Stellaria media	Apr - Jul	yellowish	feral	minor
Dandelion	Taraxacum officinale	Apr - May	red yellow, orange	feral	very good

Summer

Trees and shrubs - Summer

Common name	Latin name	Blooming months	Pollen color	Availability	Source for honeybees
Horse chestnut	Aesculus hippocastanum	May - Jun after 80-110 growing degree days.	red	feral	good
Southern Catalpa Catalpa Catalpa, also spelled Catawba, is a genus of mostly deciduous trees in the flowering plant family Bignoniaceae, native to warm temperate regions of North America, the West Indies, and eastern Asia....	Catalpa bignonioides	Jun - Jul		ornamental	fair
Northern Catalpa Catalpa Catalpa, also spelled Catawba, is a genus of mostly deciduous trees in the flowering plant family Bignoniaceae, native to warm temperate regions of North America, the West Indies, and eastern Asia....	Catalpa speciosa	Jun - Jul		ornamental
Bluebeard Caryopteris *Caryopteris* is a genus of 16 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae , native to eastern and southern Asia.They are herbaceous plants or small shrubs growing to 1?4 m tall....	Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Heavenly Blue'	Aug - Sep			very good
Virginia creeper Virginia creeper Virginia creeper may refer to:* Parthenocissus quinquefolia, plant, Virginia creeper or five-leaved ivy* Parthenocissus_vitacea, plant, False Virginia Creeper...	Parthenocissus quinquefolia	Jul - Aug			good
Boston Ivy 'Veitchii' Ivy *Hedera* is a genus of 15 species of climbing or ground-creeping evergreen woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to the Macaronesia, western, central and southern Europe, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan....	Parthenocissus tricuspidata 'Veitchii	Jun - Jul			good
Sumac Sumac Sumac is any one of approximately 250 species of flowering plants in the genus Rhus and related genera, in the family Anacardiaceae. The dried berries of some species are ground to produce a tangy purple spice....	Rhus glabra	Jun - Jul
Elder Elderberry *Sambucus* is a genus of between 5 and 30 species of shrubs or small trees, formerly placed in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae, but now shown by genetic evidence to be correctly classified in the moschatel family, Adoxaceae....	Sambucus canadensis	Jun - Jul
Basswood or American Linden	Tilia americana	Jun - Jul	yellow to light orange	feral and ornamental
Blueberry Blueberry Blueberries are flowering plants in the genus Vaccinium, sect. Cyanococcus. The species are native only to North America. They are shrubs varying in size from 10 cm tall to 4 m tall; the smaller species are known as "lowbush blueberries" , and the larger species as "highbush blueberries"....	Vaccínium myrtíllus	Jun	red yellow, orange	cultivated	poor

Flowers and annual crop plants - Summer

Common name	Latin name	Blooming months	Pollen color	Availability	Source for honeybees
Allium Allium *Allium* is the onion genus, with about 1250 species, making it one of the largest plant genera in the world. They are perennial plant bulbous plants that produce chemical compounds that give them a characteristic onion or garlic taste and odor, and many are used as food plants....	Allium spp.			feral and cultivated
Onion Onion Onion is a term used for many plants in the genus Allium. They are known by the common name "onion" but, used without qualifiers, it usually refers to *Allium cepa*....	Allium cepa		light olive	cultivated
Chives Chives Chives are the smallest species of the onion family Alliaceae, native to Europe, Asia and North America. They are referred to only in the plural, because they grow in clumps rather than as individual plants....	Allium schoenoprasum	May - Sep		feral and cultivated
Garlic chives Chives Chives are the smallest species of the onion family Alliaceae, native to Europe, Asia and North America. They are referred to only in the plural, because they grow in clumps rather than as individual plants....	Allium tuberosa	Aug - Sep		feral and cultivated
	Amorpha fruticosa	Jun - Jul		ornamental?
Aster	Aster spp.	Sep-Frost	reddish yellow	feral and ornamental
	Aster x dumosus	Aug - Sep		feral
Borage Borage Borage , also known as "starflower" is an annual herb originating in Syria, but naturalized throughout the Mediterranean region, as well as Asia Minor, Europe, North Africa, and South America....	Borago officinalis	Jun - Frost		ornamental
Marigold Marigold Marigold may refer to:Plants:* Marigold , Tagetes* Pot marigold, Calendula* Mexican marigold, Tagetes erecta* Tree marigold, Tithonia diversifolia...	Calendula officinalis	Jun - Sep
Heather	Calluna vulgaris	Jul - Aug			good
Hemp Hemp File:Industrialhemp.jpgHemp is the common name for plants of the entire genus Cannabis, although the term is often used to refer only to Cannabis strains cultivated for industrial use....	Cannabis sativa	Aug	yellow green		good source
Blue Thistle Thistle Thistle is the common name of a group of flowering plants characterised by leaf with sharp prickles on the margins, mostly in the plant family Asteraceae....	Carduus spp.
Star thistle	Centaurea spp.	Jul - Sep
Knapweed	Centaurea macrocephala	Jul - Aug			good
Knapweed	Centaurea nigra		very light olive
Chicory Chicory Common chicory is a bushy perennial plant herb with blue, lavender, or occasionally white flowers. It grows as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America, where it has become naturalized....	Cichorium intybus L.		white
Cotoneaster Cotoneaster *Cotoneaster* is a genus of woody plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to the Palaearctic region , with a strong concentration of diversity in the genus in the mountains of southwestern China and the Himalaya....	Cotoneaster spp.				good
Cucumber Cucumber The cucumber is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash , and in the same genus as the muskmelon....	Cucumis spp.		pale yellow	cultivated
Melon Melon Melon is a name given to various members of the Cucurbitaceae family with fleshy fruit. Melon can refer to either the plant or the fruit, which is a Epigynous berry.... s	Cucumis melo	Jun-Frost	pale yellow	cultivated
Pumpkin Pumpkin Pumpkin is a gourd-like Squash of the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae . It is a common name of or can refer to cultivars of any one of the following species: Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita mixta, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita moschata....	Cucurbita pepo	Jun-Frost	bright yellow	cultivated
Fireweed Fireweed Fireweed or Rosebay Willowherb is a perennial plant herbaceous plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae. It is native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere....	Epilobium angustifolium	Jul - Aug	blue	feral
Joe-Pye weed Joe-Pye weed *Eutrochium fistulosum* , also called Joe-Pye weed, Trumpetweed, or Purple thoroughwort, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to eastern North America, in southeast Canada and throughout the eastern and central United States....	Eutrochium spp.	Aug - Sep
Buckwheat Buckwheat Buckwheat refers to plants in two genera of the dicot family Polygonaceae: the Eurasian genus Fagopyrum, and the North American genus Eriogonum....	Fagopyrum esculentum	Jul - Aug	light yellow to light green	cultivated	good source
	Gonolobus laevis syn. Cynanchum laeve
Sunflower Sunflower The sunflower is an annual plant in the family Asteraceae and native to the Americas, with a large flowering head . The stem can grow as high as 3 meters , and the flower head can reach 30 cm in diameter with the "large" seeds....	Helianthus annuus	Jun - Sep	golden	feral and cultivated
Jewelweed	Impatients capensis		yellowish white
	Lobularia maritima	Jun - Sep
Mallow Mallow Mallow or Mallows may refer to:Nature:* Malvaceae, family of plants; in particular the following genera:** Abelmoschus** Althaea ? Marsh mallow...	Malva alcea	Jun - Sep
Alfalfa Alfalfa Alfalfa is a flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae cultivated as an important forage crop. In the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand it is known as lucerne and as lucerne grass in south Asia....	Medicago sativa	July - Aug	greyish yellow	feral and cultivated
Clover Clover Clover , or trefoil, is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the pea family Fabaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution; the highest diversity is found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also occur in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes on mountains in the tropics....	Melilotus spp. and Trifolium spp.	May - Aug		feral and cultivated
White Sweet Clover	Melilotus alba			feral and cultivated
Yellow Sweet Clover	Melilotus officinalis			feral and cultivated
Basil Basil Basil , of the Family Lamiaceae. Basil is a tender low-growing herb that is grown as a Perennial plant in warm, tropical climates. Basil is originally native to Iran, India and other tropical regions of Asia, having been cultivated there for more than 5,000 years....	Ocimum basilicum			ornamental
Poppy Poppy A poppy is any of a number of showy flowers, typically withone per Plant stem, belonging to the Papaveraceae. They include a number of attractive wildflower species with showy flowers found growing singularly or in large groups; many species are also grown in gardens....	Papaver somniverum	May - Jun	grey	feral and ornamental	very good source
	Polygonum spp.	Aug - Sep
	Stellaria media	Apr - Jul			minor source
	Teucrium chamaedrys	Jul - Aug
Alsike Clover Clover Clover , or trefoil, is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the pea family Fabaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution; the highest diversity is found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also occur in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes on mountains in the tropics....	Trifolium hybridum		yellow brown		good source
Crimson Clover Clover Clover , or trefoil, is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the pea family Fabaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution; the highest diversity is found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also occur in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes on mountains in the tropics....	Trifolium incarnatum		dark brown
White Clover White clover White Clover is a species of clover native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia. It has been widely introduced elsewhere in the world as a pasture crop, and is also common in many grassy areas in North America....	Trifolium repens	Jun - Jul	yellow brown		good source
Cat-tail Typha *Typha* is a genus of about eleven species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the monogeneric family, Typhaceae. The genus has a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution, but is essentially cosmopolitan distribution, being found in a variety of wetland habitats....	Typha latifolia	Jun - Jul
Common vetch	Vicia cracca	Jul - Aug
Spring Vetch	Vicia sativa	Jul - Aug
Sweet Corn Maize Maize , known as corn in some countries, is a cereal domesticated in Mesoamerica and subsequently spread throughout the American continents....	Zea mays	Jun - Jul	yellowish white	cultivated

Fall

Trees and shrubs - Fall

Common name	Latin name	Blooming months	Pollen color	Availability	Source for honeybees
Chinese Elm, Lacebark Elm	Ulmus parvifolia	Aug - Sep		ornamental	good

Flowers and annual crop plants - Fall

Common name	Latin name	Blooming months	Pollen color	Availability
Aster	Aster spp.	Sep-Frost	reddish yellow
Borage Borage Borage , also known as "starflower" is an annual herb originating in Syria, but naturalized throughout the Mediterranean region, as well as Asia Minor, Europe, North Africa, and South America....	Borago officinalis	Jun - Frost
Melon Melon Melon is a name given to various members of the Cucurbitaceae family with fleshy fruit. Melon can refer to either the plant or the fruit, which is a Epigynous berry.... s	Cucumis melo	Jun-Frost		cultivated
	Clematis ternifolia	late Sept	white	ornamental
Pumpkin Pumpkin Pumpkin is a gourd-like Squash of the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae . It is a common name of or can refer to cultivars of any one of the following species: Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita mixta, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita moschata....	Cucurbita pepo	Jun-Frost	bright yellow	cultivated
Ivy Ivy *Hedera* is a genus of 15 species of climbing or ground-creeping evergreen woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to the Macaronesia, western, central and southern Europe, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan....	Hedera spp.	Sep - Oct	dull yellow or black?	ornamental (not native to America)
Goldenrod	Solidago spp.	Sep - Oct	golden	feral

Source: Bienenweide Arbeitsblatt 207, Bieneninstitut Kirchhain, 2001

External links

Ohio State University
Ohio State University

The Ohio State University is a public university research university in the state of Ohio. It was founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and is currently the List of largest United States universities by enrollment in the United States....
Extension Fact Sheet, 2000, Dr. James Tew
Dana Stahlman, 2004
The pollen loads of the honeybee, Dorothy Hodges, Bee Research Association Limited, London, 1952
Nov 1999, Thomas Lamp; accessed 05/2005

Pollen source

Spring

Trees and shrubs - Spring

Pictures

Flowers and annual crop plants - Spring

Summer

Trees and shrubs - Summer

Flowers and annual crop plants - Summer

Fall

Trees and shrubs - Fall

Flowers and annual crop plants - Fall

See also

External links