List of European Union-related topics
Encyclopedia
Member State of the European Union
A member state of the European Union is a state that is party to treaties of the European Union and has thereby undertaken the privileges and obligations that EU membership entails. Unlike membership of an international organisation, being an EU member state places a country under binding laws in...
, located primarily in Europe. Committed to regional integration
European integration
European integration is the process of industrial, political, legal, economic integration of states wholly or partially in Europe...
, the EU was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community
European Economic Community
The European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) The European Economic Community (EEC) (also known as the Common Market in the English-speaking world, renamed the European Community (EC) in 1993The information in this article primarily covers the EEC's time as an independent...
. With 500 million citizens, the EU combined generates an estimated 30% share (US$18.4 trillion in 2008) of the nominal gross world product
Gross world product
Gross world product is the total gross national product of all the countries in the world. This also equals the total gross domestic product. See measures of national income and output for more details...
.
Gross domestic product, current prices; U.S. dollars, Billions;
2007 = 16,927.173
2008=18,394.115
2009=15,342.908 [projection]
Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP; Current international dollar, Billions;
2007 = 14,762.109
2008 = 15,247.163
2009 = 14,774.525 [projection]
GDP based on PPP share of world total
2007 = 22.605%
2008 = 22.131%
2009 = 21.609% [projection]
World "GDP", current prices; U.S. dollars, Billions;
2007 = 54,840.873
2008= 60,689.812
2009= 54,863.551 [projection]
These data were published in 2009. Data for 2009 are projections based on a number of assumptions.
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the European Union:
Origins
- History of the European UnionHistory of the European UnionThe European Union is a geo-political entity covering a large portion of the European continent. It is founded upon numerous treaties and has undergone expansions that have taken it from 7 member states to 27, a majority of states in Europe....
- Pre-1945 ideas on European unityPre-1945 ideas on European unityThe idea of European unity is a historically recent idea.The word 'Europe' originally referred to the south-eastern part of Europe, in the same way that 'Asia' originally referred to western Anatolia, and 'Africa' referred to northern Africa, and it was the ancient Greeks who used the words to...
- History of the European Communities (1945-1957)History of the European Communities (1945-1957)The period saw the first moves towards European unity as the first bodies began to be established in the aftermath of the Second World War. In 1951 the first community, the European Coal and Steel Community was established and moves on new communities quickly began...
- History of the European Communities (1958-1972)History of the European Communities (1958-1972)The history of the European Communities between 1958 and 1972 saw the early development of the European Communities. The European Coal and Steel Community had just been joined by the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Economic Community , the latter of which soon became the most...
- History of the European Communities (1973-1993)History of the European Communities (1973-1993)Between 1973 and 1993 the European Communities saw the first enlargement of the Communities and increasing integration under the Delors Commission leading to the creation of the European Union in 1993....
- History of the European Union (1993-2004)
- Pre-1945 ideas on European unity
- European CommunitiesEuropean CommunitiesThe European Communities were three international organisations that were governed by the same set of institutions...
- European Economic CommunityEuropean Economic CommunityThe European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) The European Economic Community (EEC) (also known as the Common Market in the English-speaking world, renamed the European Community (EC) in 1993The information in this article primarily covers the EEC's time as an independent...
- European Coal and Steel CommunityEuropean Coal and Steel CommunityThe European Coal and Steel Community was a six-nation international organisation serving to unify Western Europe during the Cold War and create the foundation for the modern-day developments of the European Union...
(ECSC) - Euratom
- European Economic Community
- Single marketSingle marketA single market is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of the factors of production and of enterprise and services. The goal is that the movement of capital, labour, goods, and services between the members...
. See also Trade blocTrade blocA trade bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organization, where regional barriers to trade, are reduced or eliminated among the participating states.-Description:...
and Value-added tax - SubsidiaritySubsidiaritySubsidiarity is an organizing principle that matters ought to be handled by the smallest, lowest or least centralized competent authority. The Oxford English Dictionary defines subsidiarity as the idea that a central authority should have a subsidiary function, performing only those tasks which...
- See treaties below
Structures
- Members
- Member StatesMember State of the European UnionA member state of the European Union is a state that is party to treaties of the European Union and has thereby undertaken the privileges and obligations that EU membership entails. Unlike membership of an international organisation, being an EU member state places a country under binding laws in...
- Dependent Territories of Member States
- EnlargementEnlargement of the European UnionThe Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union through the accession of new member states. This process began with the Inner Six, who founded the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952...
- Member States
- InstitutionsInstitutions of the European UnionThe European Union is governed by seven institutions. Article 13 of Treaty on European Union lists them in the following order: the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European...
- European CommissionEuropean CommissionThe European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union....
- President of the European CommissionPresident of the European CommissionThe President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission ― the executive branch of the :European Union ― the most powerful officeholder in the EU. The President is responsible for allocating portfolios to members of the Commission and can reshuffle or dismiss them if needed...
- Barroso CommissionBarroso CommissionThe Barroso Commission is the European Commission that has been in office since 22 November 2004 and is due to serve until 2014. Its president is José Manuel Barroso, who presides over 26 other commissioners...
- Prodi CommissionProdi CommissionThe Prodi Commission was the European Commission in office between 1999 and 2004. The administration was led by former Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi.-History:...
- Santer CommissionSanter CommissionThe Santer Commission was the European Commission in office between 23 January 1995 and 15 March 1999. The administration was led by Jacques Santer ....
- Delors CommissionDelors CommissionThe Delors Commission was the administration of Jacques Delors, the 8th President of the European Commission. Delors presided over the European Commission for three terms The Delors Commission was the administration of Jacques Delors, the 8th President of the European Commission. Delors presided...
- Thorn CommissionThorn CommissionThe Thorn Commission was the European Commission that held office from 6 January 1981 until 5 January 1985. Its President was Gaston Thorn.-Work:...
- Jenkins CommissionJenkins Commission (EU)The Jenkins Commission is the European Commission that held office from 6 January 1977 to 6 January 1981. Its President was Roy Jenkins.-Work:It was the successor to the Ortoli Commission and was succeeded by the Thorn Commission...
- Ortoli CommissionOrtoli CommissionThe Ortoli Commission is the European Commission that held office from 6 January 1973 to 5 January 1977. Its President was François-Xavier Ortoli.-Work:...
- Mansholt CommissionMansholt CommissionThe Mansholt Commission is the European Commission that held office from 22 March 1972 to 5 January 1973. Its President was Sicco Mansholt.- Work :It was the successor to the Malfatti Commission and was succeeded by the Ortoli Commission...
- Malfatti CommissionMalfatti CommissionThe Malfatti Commission is the European Commission that held office from 1 July 1970 to 21 March 1972. Its President was Franco Maria Malfatti.- Work :...
- Rey CommissionRey CommissionThe Rey Commission is the European Commission that held office from 2 July 1967 to 30 June 1970. Its President was Jean Rey.-Work:It was the first Commission of the merged European Communities. It was the successor to the Hallstein Commission and was succeeded by the Malfatti Commission...
- Barroso Commission
- Hallstein CommissionHallstein CommissionThe Hallstein Commission is the European Commission that held office from 7 January 1958 to 30 June 1967. Its President was Walter Hallstein and held two separate mandates.-Work:...
- European Civil ServiceEuropean Civil ServiceThe European Civil Service is the civil service serving the institutions of the European Union, of which the largest employer is the European Commission, the executive branch of the European Union...
- President of the European Commission
- European ParliamentEuropean ParliamentThe European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world...
- Member of the European ParliamentMember of the European ParliamentA Member of the European Parliament is a person who has been elected to the European Parliament. The name of MEPs differ in different languages, with terms such as europarliamentarian or eurodeputy being common in Romance language-speaking areas.When the European Parliament was first established,...
- President of the European ParliamentPresident of the European ParliamentThe President of the European Parliament presides over the debates and activities of the European Parliament. He or she also represents the Parliament within the EU and internationally. The President's signature is required for enacting most EU laws and the EU budget.Presidents serve...
- European political partyEuropean political partyA European political party, formally a political party at European level, informally a Europarty, is a type of political party organization operating transnationally in Europe and in the institutions of the European Union. They are regulated and funded by the European Union and are usually made up...
- Political groups of the European Parliament
- Elections in the European UnionElections in the European UnionElections to the Parliament of the European Union take place every five years by universal adult suffrage. 736 MEPs are elected to the European Parliament which has been directly elected since 1979. No other body is directly elected although the Council of the European Union and European Council is...
- Committees of the European Parliament
- Member of the European Parliament
- Council of the European UnionCouncil of the European UnionThe Council of the European Union is the institution in the legislature of the European Union representing the executives of member states, the other legislative body being the European Parliament. The Council is composed of twenty-seven national ministers...
(also named Council of Ministers or just Council)- Presidency of the Council of the European UnionPresidency of the Council of the European UnionThe Presidency of the Council of the European Union is the responsibility for the functioning of the Council of the European Union that rotates between the member states of the European Union every six months. The presidency is not a single president but rather the task is undertaken by a national...
- Qualified Majority Voting (QMV)
- COREPER
- Presidency of the Council of the European Union
- Court of Justice of the European UnionCourt of Justice of the European UnionThe Court of Justice of the European Union is the institution of the European Union which encompasses the whole judiciary. Seated in Luxembourg, it has three sub-courts; the European Court of Justice, the General Court and the Civil Service Tribunal.The institution was originally established in...
- European Court of JusticeEuropean Court of JusticeThe Court can sit in plenary session, as a Grand Chamber of 13 judges, or in chambers of three or five judges. Plenary sitting are now very rare, and the court mostly sits in chambers of three or five judges...
- General Court (European Union
- List of members
- List of European Court of Justice rulings
- European Court of Justice
- European Court of AuditorsEuropean Court of AuditorsThe Court of Auditors is the fifth institution of the European Union . It was established in 1975 in Luxembourg to audit the accounts of EU institutions...
- European Central BankEuropean Central BankThe European Central Bank is the institution of the European Union that administers the monetary policy of the 17 EU Eurozone member states. It is thus one of the world's most important central banks. The bank was established by the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1998, and is headquartered in Frankfurt,...
(ECB) - European CouncilEuropean CouncilThe European Council is an institution of the European Union. It comprises the heads of state or government of the EU member states, along with the President of the European Commission and the President of the European Council, currently Herman Van Rompuy...
- European Commission
- Other bodies
- Committee of the RegionsCommittee of the RegionsThe Committee of the Regions is European Union's assembly of local and regional representatives that provides sub-national authorities with a direct voice within the EU's institutional framework....
(CoR) - Economic and Social CommitteeEconomic and Social CommitteeThe European Economic and Social Committee is a body of the European Union established in 1958. It is a consultative assembly composed of employers , employees and representatives of various other interests...
(ESC) - European System of Central BanksEuropean System of Central BanksThe European System of Central Banks is composed of the European Central Bank and the national central banks of all 27 European Union Member States.-Functions:...
- European Investment BankEuropean Investment BankThe European Investment Bank is the European Union's long-term lending institution established in 1958 under the Treaty of Rome. A policy-driven bank, the EIB supports the EU’s priority objectives, especially European integration and the development of economically weak regions...
- European Investment FundEuropean Investment FundThe European Investment Fund, established in 1994, is a European Union agency for the provision of finance to SMEs headquartered in Luxembourg....
- Agencies of the European UnionAgencies of the European UnionAn agency of the European Union is a decentralised body of the European Union , which are distinct from the institutions. Agencies are established to accomplish specific tasks. Each agency has its own legal personality...
- European OmbudsmanEuropean OmbudsmanThe European Ombudsman is an ombudsman for the European Union, based in the Salvador de Madariaga Building in Strasbourg.-History:...
- Committee of the Regions
- Related Organisations
- European Free Trade AssociationEuropean Free Trade AssociationThe European Free Trade Association or EFTA is a free trade organisation between four European countries that operates parallel to, and is linked to, the European Union . EFTA was established on 3 May 1960 as a trade bloc-alternative for European states who were either unable to, or chose not to,...
(EFTA) - European Economic AreaEuropean Economic AreaThe European Economic Area was established on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between the member states of the European Free Trade Association and the European Community, later the European Union . Specifically, it allows Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway to participate in the EU's Internal...
(EEA) - Western European UnionWestern European UnionThe Western European Union was an international organisation tasked with implementing the Modified Treaty of Brussels , an amended version of the original 1948 Treaty of Brussels...
(WEU)
- European Free Trade Association
Law and policy
- Treaties of the European UnionTreaties of the European UnionThe Treaties of the European Union are a set of international treaties between the European Union member states which sets out the EU's constitutional basis. They establish the various EU institutions together with their remit, procedures and objectives...
– Founding and amending treaties (primary legislation)- Treaty of Paris (1951)Treaty of Paris (1951)The Treaty of Paris was signed on 18 April 1951 between France, West Germany, Italy and the three Benelux countries , establishing the European Coal and Steel Community , which subsequently became part of the European Union...
- Treaty of RomeTreaty of RomeThe Treaty of Rome, officially the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, was an international agreement that led to the founding of the European Economic Community on 1 January 1958. It was signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany...
(1957) - Merger TreatyMerger TreatyThe Merger Treaty was a European treaty which combined the executive bodies of the European Coal and Steel Community , European Atomic Energy Community and the European Economic Community into a single institutional structure.The treaty was signed in Brussels on 8 April 1965 and came into force...
(1965) - Single European ActSingle European ActThe Single European Act was the first major revision of the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The Act set the European Community an objective of establishing a Single Market by 31 December 1992, and codified European Political Cooperation, the forerunner of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy...
(1986) - Treaty of Maastricht (1992)
- Treaty of Amsterdam (1997)
- Treaty of NiceTreaty of NiceThe Treaty of Nice was signed by European leaders on 26 February 2001 and came into force on 1 February 2003. It amended the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty of Rome...
(2001) - Treaty of Accession 2003Treaty of Accession 2003The Treaty of Accession 2003 was the agreement between the European Union and ten countries , concerning these countries' accession into the EU...
- Treaty of Accession 2005Treaty of Accession 2005The Treaty of Accession 2005 is an agreement between the member states of European Union and Bulgaria and Romania. It entered into force on 1 January 2007. The Treaty arranged accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the EU and amended earlier Treaties of the European Union...
- Treaty of LisbonTreaty of LisbonThe Treaty of Lisbon of 1668 was a peace treaty between Portugal and Spain, concluded at Lisbon on 13 February 1668, through the mediation of England, in which Spain recognized the sovereignty of Portugal's new ruling dynasty, the House of Braganza....
(2007) - Related documents
- Schengen treaty
- Treaty establishing a constitution for EuropeTreaty establishing a Constitution for EuropeThe Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe , , was an unratified international treaty intended to create a consolidated constitution for the European Union...
- Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European UnionCharter of Fundamental Rights of the European UnionThe Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union enshrines certain political, social, and economic rights for European Union citizens and residents, into EU law. It was drafted by the European Convention and solemnly proclaimed on 7 December 2000 by the European Parliament, the Council of...
- Treaty of Paris (1951)
- EU Policy Areas
- Economic and Monetary Union of the European UnionEconomic and Monetary Union of the European UnionThe Economic and Monetary Union is an umbrella term for the group of policies aimed at converging the economies of members of the European Union in three stages so as to allow them to adopt a single currency, the euro. As such, it is largely synonymous with the eurozone.All member states of the...
(Euro) - European Political CooperationEuropean political cooperationThe European Political Cooperation was introduced in 1970 and was the synonym for European Union foreign policy coordination until it was superseded by the Common Foreign and Security Policy in the Maastricht Treaty ....
- Common Agricultural PolicyCommon Agricultural PolicyThe Common Agricultural Policy is a system of European Union agricultural subsidies and programmes. It represents 48% of the EU's budget, €49.8 billion in 2006 ....
- Common Fisheries PolicyCommon Fisheries PolicyThe Common Fisheries Policy is the fisheries policy of the European Union . It sets quotas for which member states are allowed to catch what amounts of each type of fish, as well as encouraging the fishing industry by various market interventions...
- Regional policyRegional policy-Regional policy in the European Union:Although the European Union is one of the richest parts of the world, there are large internal disparities of income and opportunity between its regions. The May 2004 Enlargement, followed by accession of Bulgaria and Romania in January 2007 has widened these...
- Trans-European NetworksTrans-European NetworksThe Trans-European Networks were created by the European Union by Articles 154-156 of the Treaty of Rome , with the stated goals of the creation of an internal market and the reinforcement of economic and social cohesion...
- EnergyEnergy policy of the European UnionAlthough the European Union has legislated in the area of energy policy for many years, and evolved out of the European Coal and Steel Community, the concept of introducing a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was only approved at the meeting of the European Council on 27 October...
- Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
- EU law
- Acquis CommunautaireAcquisThe Community acquis or acquis communautaire , sometimes called the EU acquis, and often shortened to acquis, is the accumulated legislation, legal acts, and court decisions which constitute the body of European Union law...
- Official Journal of the European UnionOfficial Journal of the European UnionThe Official Journal of the European Union is the official gazette of record for the European Union . It is published every working day in all of the official languages of the member states. Only legal acts published in the Official Journal are binding.It was first published on 30 December 1952 as...
- EU competition law (see also AntitrustAntitrustThe United States antitrust law is a body of laws that prohibits anti-competitive behavior and unfair business practices. Antitrust laws are intended to encourage competition in the marketplace. These competition laws make illegal certain practices deemed to hurt businesses or consumers or both,...
, CartelCartelA cartel is a formal agreement among competing firms. It is a formal organization of producers and manufacturers that agree to fix prices, marketing, and production. Cartels usually occur in an oligopolistic industry, where there is a small number of sellers and usually involve homogeneous products...
, Economics, MicroeconomicsMicroeconomicsMicroeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of how the individual modern household and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources. Typically, it applies to markets where goods or services are being bought and sold...
, Perfect competitionPerfect competitionIn economic theory, perfect competition describes markets such that no participants are large enough to have the market power to set the price of a homogeneous product. Because the conditions for perfect competition are strict, there are few if any perfectly competitive markets...
, Industrial organizationIndustrial organizationIndustrial organization is the field of economics that builds on the theory of the firm in examining the structure of, and boundaries between, firms and markets....
, Game theoryGame theoryGame theory is a mathematical method for analyzing calculated circumstances, such as in games, where a person’s success is based upon the choices of others...
)
- Acquis Communautaire
- Forms of Secondary Legislation
- DirectiveEuropean Union directiveA directive is a legislative act of the European Union, which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result. It can be distinguished from regulations which are self-executing and do not require any implementing measures. Directives...
- RegulationEuropean Union regulationA regulation is a legislative act of the European Union that becomes immediately enforceable as law in all member states simultaneously. Regulations can be distinguished from directives which, at least in principle, need to be transposed into national law...
- RecommendationEuropean Union recommendationA recommendation in the European Union, according to Article 288 of the Treaty on European Union , is one of two kinds of non-binding acts cited in the Treaty of Rome....
- Directive
- Topics of Secondary Legislation
- Copyright law of the European UnionCopyright law of the European UnionThe copyright law of the European Union has arisen in an attempt to harmonise the differing copyright laws of European Union member states. It consists of a number of directives, which the member states are obliged to enact into their national laws, and by the judgments of the Court of Justice of...
- Copyright law of the European Union
- Directives and Regulations of Secondary Legislation:
- European Company StatuteEuropean Company StatuteThe Council Regulation on the Statute for a European Company is an EU Regulation containing the rules for a public EU company, called a Societas Europaea, or "SE". An SE can register in any member state of the European Union, and transfer to other member states. , at least 702 registrations have...
- Protected designation of originProtected designation of originProtected Geographical Status is a legal framework defined in European Union law to protect the names of regional foods. Protected Designation of Origin , Protected Geographical Indication and Traditional Speciality Guaranteed are distinct regimes of geographical indications within the framework...
- Community patentCommunity PatentThe EU patent or European Union patent, formerly known as the Community patent, European Community Patent, or EC patent and sometimes abbreviated as COMPAT, is a patent law measure being debated within the European Union, which would allow individuals and companies to obtain a unitary patent...
- Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals
- Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rightsDirective on the enforcement of intellectual property rightsDirective 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights is a European Union directive in the field of intellectual property law, made under the internal market provisions of the Treaty of Rome...
- Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of personal dataDirective 95/46/EC on the protection of personal dataThe Data Protection Directive is a European Union directive which regulates the processing of personal data within the European Union...
- Directive on harmonising the term of copyright protection
- European Company Statute
Miscellaneous
- Economy of the European UnionEconomy of the European UnionThe economy of the European Union generates a GDP of over €12,279.033 billion according to the International Monetary Fund , making it the largest economy in the world...
- European Neighbourhood
- European Union StatisticsEuropean Union statistics-Institutional statistics:-Area and population:As of 1 January 2006, the population of the EU was about 493 million people. Many countries are expected to experience a decline in population over the coming decades, though this could be offset with new countries planning to join the EU within the...
- EuroscepticismEuroscepticismEuroscepticism is a general term used to describe criticism of the European Union , and opposition to the process of European integration, existing throughout the political spectrum. Traditionally, the main source of euroscepticism has been the notion that integration weakens the nation state...
, Europhobe - European Union Association AgreementEuropean Union Association AgreementA European Union Association Agreement is a treaty between the European Union and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links...
- Pro-EuropeanPro-EuropeanPro-European is a subjective term applied to a person who supports the idea of European unification and generally supports further 'deepening' of European integration, specifically in the context of political argument over the current and future status of the EU and its policies.-The Pro-European...
, EurophileEurophileA europhile is a person who is fond of, admires, or even loves European culture, society, history, food, etc. In politics, it may be used to imply Pro-Europeanism, or support for the European Union, often disapprovingly...
s - Largest Cities of the European Union by population
- Morocco and the European UnionMorocco and the European UnionDiplomatic relations between Morocco and the European Union date back to 1960, when a commercial agreement was concluded. However, the beginning of Moroccan King Mohammed VI's reign marked a major shift toward more cooperation, comprehension and partnership. In 1976 a first co-operation agreement...
- Sports in the European Union
- United States of EuropeUnited States of EuropeSince the 1950s, European integration has seen the development of a supranational system of governance, as its institutions move further from the concept of simple intergovernmentalism. However, with the Maastricht Treaty of 1993, new intergovernmental elements have been introduced alongside the...
- Trade warTrade warA trade war refers to two or more states raising or creating tariffs or other trade barriers on each other in retaliation for other trade barriers...
- Trade war over genetically modified food
- StatewatchStatewatchStatewatch is a non-profit organization founded in 1991 that monitors the state and civil liberties in the European Union. It is composed of lawyers, academics, journalists, researchers and community activists. Its European network of contributors is drawn from 14 countries...
- Supranational unionSupranational unionSupranationalism is a method of decision-making in multi-national political communities, wherein power is transferred or delegated to an authority by governments of member states. The concept of supranational union is sometimes used to describe the European Union, as a new type of political entity...
See also
- Outline of Europe
- Member organization of the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors
- Outline of AustriaOutline of Austriathumb|The location of [[Austria]]thumb|An enlargeable relief map of the [[Republic of Austria]]The Republic of Austria is a landlocked sovereign country located in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to...
- Outline of BelgiumOutline of BelgiumThe Kingdom of Belgium is a sovereign country located in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters, as well as those of other major international organizations, including NATO...
- Outline of BulgariaOutline of Bulgariathumb|The location of [[Bulgaria]]thumb|An enlargeable relief map of the [[Republic of Bulgaria]]The Republic of Bulgaria is the latest incarnation of one of the oldest sovereign states in Europe...
- Outline of CyprusOutline of CyprusThe Republic of Cyprus is a sovereign island nation located on the Island of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean Sea — south of Anatolia , west of mainland Levant , north of North Africa , south-east of Europe — and part of the Middle East.Cyprus is the third-largest Mediterranean island and one...
- Outline of the Czech RepublicOutline of the Czech RepublicThe Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked sovereign country located in Central Europe and a member state of the European Union. The country has borders with Poland to the north, Germany to the west, Austria to the south, and Slovakia to the east. The capital and largest city is...
- Outline of DenmarkOutline of DenmarkDenmark is a country located in Scandinavia of Northern Europe. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries. The mainland is bordered to the south by Germany; Denmark is southwest of Sweden and south of Norway. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea...
- Outline of EstoniaOutline of EstoniaThe Republic of Estonia is a sovereign country located in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Estonia is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by the Russian Federation...
- Outline of FinlandOutline of FinlandThe Republic of Finland is a sovereign Nordic country located in Northern Europe. Finland has borders with Sweden to the west, Russia to the east, and Norway to the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland. The capital city is Helsinki.Around 5.3 million people reside in...
- Outline of France
- Outline of Germany
- Outline of GreeceOutline of GreeceThe Hellenic Republic, commonly known as Greece, is a sovereign country located on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula in Southern Europe. Greece borders Albania, Bulgaria, and the Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east and south of...
- Outline of HungaryOutline of HungaryThe Republic of Hungary is a landlocked sovereign country located in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordering Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU and a Schengen state. The official language is...
- Outline of Ireland
- Outline of Italy
- Outline of LatviaOutline of LatviaThe Republic of Latvia is a sovereign country located in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Latvia is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , and to the east both by Belarus and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden...
- Outline of LithuaniaOutline of LithuaniaThe Republic of Lithuania is a sovereign country located in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Situated along the south-eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, sharing borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of the Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
- Outline of LuxembourgOutline of LuxembourgThe Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small sovereign country located in Western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres ....
- Outline of MaltaOutline of MaltaThe Republic of Malta is a small and densely populated sovereign island nation located in the Mediterranean Sea. Malta comprises an archipelago of seven islands, of which the three largest are inhabited. Malta is located south of Sicily, and north of North Africa, giving the country a warm,...
- Outline of the NetherlandsOutline of the NetherlandsThe Netherlands is a sovereign country comprising the mainland located in Northwest Europe and several islands located in the Caribbean that, together with Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten in the Caribbean Sea, constitute the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands is a parliamentary democratic...
- Outline of PolandOutline of PolandThe Republic of Poland is a sovereign country located in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
- Outline of PortugalOutline of PortugalThe Portuguese Republic, commonly known as Portugal, is a sovereign country principally located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southern Europe. Portugal is the westernmost country of continental Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east...
- Outline of RomaniaOutline of RomaniaRomania is a sovereign country located in southeast Central Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, along the lower Danube River, in and surrounding the Carpathian arch, and bordering on the Black Sea. Almost all of the Danube Delta is located within its territory...
- Outline of SlovakiaOutline of SlovakiaThe Slovak Republic, also known as Slovakia, is a landlocked sovereign country located in Central Europe. Slovakia has a population of over five million and an area of . The Slovak Republic borders the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to...
- Outline of SloveniaOutline of SloveniaThe Republic of Slovenia is a sovereign country located in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north...
- Outline of SpainOutline of SpainThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Spain:-General reference:* Pronunciation:**English **Spanish:)* Common English country name: Spain* Official English country name: The Kingdom of Spain or Spain...
- Outline of SwedenOutline of SwedenThe Kingdom of Sweden is a sovereign Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by the Oresund Bridge. It has been a member of the European Union since January 1, 1995...
- Outline of the United KingdomOutline of the United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain, is a sovereign island nation located in the British Isles of Western Europe...