Iotapa or
Iotape also known as
Iotapi was the name of various queens and princesses who lived in between the
2nd century BCThe 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. It is considered part of the Classical era, although depending on the region being studied, other terms may be more proper .-Overview:Fresh from its victories in the Second Punic War, the...
,
1st century BCThe 1st century BC, also known as the last century BC or 1st century BCE started on the first day of 100 BC and ended on the last day of 1 BC.It is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period...
and 1st century. The name Iotapa or Iotape originally derives from the name
Jotapa or
Jotape, which was a name of
Persian originThe Persian people are the majority ethnic group in Iran. However, there are sub-groups who speak the Persian language as their mother tongue throughout the Iranian plateau. The term Persian has also a supra-ethnic significance and has been historically referred to a part of Iranian peoples...
. Iotapa or Iotape is the Greek translation of the name.
A Contemporary Queen to Cleopatra Selene I
Iotapa was a Queen of the an unknown Kingdom in
AsiaAsia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.6% of the earth's total surface area and with approximately 4 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population.Asia is traditionally defined as part of the...
who lived at the time of Greek
PtolemaicPtolemaic is the adjective formed from the name Ptolemy.This adjective is usually used in one of three ways:*To describe the Egyptian dynasty founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter...
Princess Cleopatra Selene I (135 BC- 69 BC) and Greek King of the
Seleucid EmpireThe Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic empire, i.e. a successor state of Alexander the Great's empire. The Seleucid Empire was centered in the near East and at the height of its power included central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, today's Turkmenistan, Pamir and parts of Pakistan...
Antiochus X EusebesAntiochus X Eusebes Philopator, ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom, was a contestant in the tangled-up family feuds among the last Seleucids. Beginning his reign in 95 BC his first achievement was to defeat his double half-cousin/second cousin Seleucus VI Epiphanes, thus avenging the recent death...
who reigned 95 BC - 83 BC. Iotapa about 92 BC, sent a petition to Antiochus X about the
ParthiaParthia is a region of north-eastern Iran, best known for having been the political and cultural base of the Arsacid dynasts, after which the Arsacid Empire is then also known as the 'Parthian Empire'....
n War. In response Antiochus, had gone to fight in a military campaign against the Parthians.
Daughter of King Artavasdes I of Media
Iotapa (43 BC-?) was a Princess of
MediaThe Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area is known as Media...
and a daughter of King
ArtavasdesArtavasdes is the name of several kings of ancient Armenia:* Artavasdes I of Armenia* Artavasdes II of Armenia* Artavasdes III of Armenia* Artavasdes IV of Armenia...
I of Media. Her mother is unknown. In 33 BC, she was engaged to
PtolemaicPtolemaic is the adjective formed from the name Ptolemy.This adjective is usually used in one of three ways:*To describe the Egyptian dynasty founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter...
Prince
Alexander HeliosAlexander Helios was a Ptolemaic prince and was the eldest son of Greek Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman triumvir Mark Antony. His twin was Cleopatra Selene II. He was of Greek and Roman heritage...
, son of
GreekThe Greeks , also known as Hellenes, are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions, who can also be found in diaspora communities around the world....
Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and
RomanThe Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, c...
Triumvir
Mark AntonyMarcus Antonius , known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and General. He was an important supporter and the loyal friend of Gaius Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia...
. In 30 BC Iotapa left
AlexandriaAlexandria , with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's largest seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt's imports and exports...
EgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia...
, after Egypt was invaded by Octavian (future Roman Emperor
AugustusGaius Julius Caesar Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.
[These are the contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian after 45 BC...]
) and his army. Iotapa returned to her father and sometime after 30 BC, she married King
Mithridates III of CommageneMithridates III Antiochus Epiphanes was a ruler of Commagene. The son and successor of King Mithridates II of Commagene and Queen Laodice, he was of Armenian and Greek descent....
who was of Armenian and Greek descent. Through this marriage, she became a Queen of Commagene and bore Mithridates, a son future prince and successor
Antiochus III of CommageneAntiochus III Epiphanes was a prince and king of Commagene from 12 BC to 17 AD. He was the son and successor of King Mithridates III of Commagene and Princess of Media and Queen of Commagene, Iotapa, and of mixed Armenian, Greek and Median descent.When Antiochus died in 17, his death became...
and daughter, princess Iotapa. Antiochus III and Iotapa would later marry each other. Iotapa and Mithridates III, had another daughter called Iotapa, a princess who married King Sampiceramus II of Emesa (modern
HomsHims Hims Hims is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Hims Governorate. It is above sea level and is located north of Damascus...
SyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest....
).
Sources
- http://www.mavors.org/PDFs/Commagene.pdf
- http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0203.html
- http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1722.html
- http://www.geocities.com/christopherjbennett/index.htm
- http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/helios.htm
- http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/egypt/ptolemies/tryphaena.htm
Daughter of King Mithridates III of Commagene
Iotapa was a princess from the
Kingdom of CommageneThe Kingdom of Commagene was an ancient kingdom of the Hellenistic Age.Little is known of the region of Commagene prior to the beginning of the 2nd century BC. However, it seems that, from what little evidence remains, Commagene formed part of a larger state that also included Sophene...
, who lived between the 1st century BC and 1st century. She was the daughter of King
Mithridates III of CommageneMithridates III Antiochus Epiphanes was a ruler of Commagene. The son and successor of King Mithridates II of Commagene and Queen Laodice, he was of Armenian and Greek descent....
and Queen Iotapa of Commagene and was of Armenian,
GreekThe Greeks , also known as Hellenes, are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions, who can also be found in diaspora communities around the world....
and
MedesThe Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area is known as Media...
descent.
Iotapa was most probably born, raised and educated in
SamosataSamosata was an ancient city on the right bank of the Euphrates whose ruins existed at the modern city of Samsat, Adıyaman Province, Turkey until the site was flooded by the newly-constructed Atatürk Dam....
, the capital of the Kingdom of Commagene. Her brother was
Antiochus III of CommageneAntiochus III Epiphanes was a prince and king of Commagene from 12 BC to 17 AD. He was the son and successor of King Mithridates III of Commagene and Princess of Media and Queen of Commagene, Iotapa, and of mixed Armenian, Greek and Median descent.When Antiochus died in 17, his death became...
, whom she married. When her father died in 12 BC, her brother succeeded their father as King of Commagene.
With Iotapa’s reign with Antiochus III, she was the last independent Queen of Commagene, as her brother ruled as the last independent King of Commagene. From her marriage to her brother, she had two children: a son, prince
Antiochus IV of CommageneGaius Julius Antiochus IV Epiphanes was the last king of Commagene, who reigned between 38-72 as a client king to the Roman Empire.-Life:...
and a daughter, princess Iotapa.
Antiochus III died in 17, his death became unsettling for the kingdom. At the time of Antiochus’ death, Commagene was in political turmoil. The reasons for this development is unknown, however it appears at that time, their children were too young to succeed their father and there was no authority to prevent civil unrest and unite the citizens of Commagene.
From the death of Antiochus III, two fractions had appeared. One fraction led by noblemen wanted Commagene to be placed under the rule of the
Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean. The term is used to describe the Roman state during and after the time of the first emperor,...
and the another fraction led by the citizens wanted to retain the rule of the King.
The political fractions from Commagene peacefully had sent embassies to
RomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality , with over 2.7 million residents in , while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million. The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million...
, seeking the advice and assistance of the
Roman EmperorThe Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin titles such as imperator , augustus, caesar and princeps were all associated with it...
Tiberius, to decide the future of Commagene. When the political fractions addressed the Emperor of the future of Commagene, they were in line, were with the political reality of Roman rule and were prepared to live with the decision that Tiberius made. They were also prepared to live in the rule of the Roman Empire. When the political fractions had sent embassies to Rome, this marked the end of the independence of Commagene.
TiberiusTiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, born Tiberius Claudius Nero , was the second Roman Emperor, from the death of Augustus in AD 14 until his own death in 37. Tiberius was by birth a Claudian, son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla...
decided to make Commagene a part of the
Roman provinceIn Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italian peninsula...
of
SyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest....
. The decision that Tiberius made was welcomed by many citizens by Commagene, however some, particularly those who were supporters of the royal family were unhappy with this outcome.
The whereabouts of Iotapa after the annexation of Commagene are unknown. Her children were raised and lived in Rome. In 38, the Roman Emperor
CaligulaGaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , more commonly known by his cognomen Caligula , was the third Roman Emperor, reigning from 16 March 37 until his assassination on 24 January 41...
restored the kingdom to her children.
Sources
- http://www.mavors.org/PDFs/Commagene.pdf
- Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works—the Annals and the Histories—examine the reigns of the Roman Emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors...
- Annals of Imperial Rome, Part One: Tiberius, Chapter 4, First Treason Trials
- The Building Program of Herod the Great, By Duane W. Roller, Published by University of California Press 1998, ISBN 0520209346
- Chahin, Mark (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia. Routlege, pp. 190–191. ISBN 0700714529
Wife of King Sampiceramus II of Emesa
Iotapa was a princess from the
Kingdom of CommageneThe Kingdom of Commagene was an ancient kingdom of the Hellenistic Age.Little is known of the region of Commagene prior to the beginning of the 2nd century BC. However, it seems that, from what little evidence remains, Commagene formed part of a larger state that also included Sophene...
, who lived between the 1st century BC and 1st century. She was one of the daughters of King
Mithridates III of CommageneMithridates III Antiochus Epiphanes was a ruler of Commagene. The son and successor of King Mithridates II of Commagene and Queen Laodice, he was of Armenian and Greek descent....
and Queen Iotapa of Commagene. Iotapa was of Armenian,
GreekThe Greeks , also known as Hellenes, are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions, who can also be found in diaspora communities around the world....
and
MedesThe Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area is known as Media...
descent. She was most probably born, raised and educated in
SamosataSamosata was an ancient city on the right bank of the Euphrates whose ruins existed at the modern city of Samsat, Adıyaman Province, Turkey until the site was flooded by the newly-constructed Atatürk Dam....
, the capital of the Kingdom of Commagene.
Iotapa married the King Sampiceramus II from the
Royal Family of EmesaThe Royal Family of Emesa was a native Syrian Arab dynasty of Priest Kings in Emesa . There is a possibility that members of the Royal Family may have some ancestry from the local Greek population in Syria.-Background:...
,
SyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest....
who ruled from 11 BC-42. Through her marriage to Sampiceramus II, she became Queen of Emesa. Iotapa with Sampiceramus II had three children: a daughter called Iotapa and two sons: Gaius Julius Azizus and
Gaius Julius SohaemusSohaemus of Emesa, sometimes known as Sohaemus of Sophene or to give his full name Gaius Julius Sohaemus was a prince and a Roman Client King from Syria who lived in the 1st century.Sohaemus was a prince and a member of the Royal Family of Emesa from Emesa...
.
Sources
- http://www.geocities.com/christopherjbennett/index.htm
- The Building Program of Herod the Great, By Duane W. Roller, Published by University of California Press 1998, ISBN 0520209346
- Chahin, Mark (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia. Routlege, pp. 190–191. ISBN 0700714529
Daughter of King Sampiceramus II of Emesa
Iotapa was a Syrian Princess from the
Royal Family of EmesaThe Royal Family of Emesa was a native Syrian Arab dynasty of Priest Kings in Emesa . There is a possibility that members of the Royal Family may have some ancestry from the local Greek population in Syria.-Background:...
who lived in the 1st century. She was the daughter of King Sampiceramus II and Queen Iotapa who ruled Emesa. She was of
SyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest....
n, Armenian,
GreekThe Greeks , also known as Hellenes, are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions, who can also be found in diaspora communities around the world....
and
MedesThe Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area is known as Media...
descent. Iotapa was born and raised in Emesa (modern
HomsHims Hims Hims is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Hims Governorate. It is above sea level and is located north of Damascus...
SyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest....
). Iotapa married the
Herodian PrinceThe Herodian Dynasty was a Jewish dynasty of Idumean descent, who ruled Iudaea Province between 37 BC - AD 92.- Origin :During the time of the Hasmonean ruler John Hyrcanus 134-104 BCE, Judea conquered Edom and forced the Edomites to convert to Judaism.The Edomites were integrated into the Jewish...
Aristobulus MinorAristobulus Minor or Aristobulus the Younger was a prince from the Herodian Dynasty. He was of Jewish, Nabataean and Edomite ancestry....
, who was of
JewThe Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
ish,
NabataeanThe Nabataeans were an ancient Semitic people, Arabs of southern Jordan, Canaan and the northern part of Arabia, whose oasis settlements in the time of Josephus , gave the name of Nabatene to the borderland between Syria and Arabia, from the Euphrates to the Red Sea...
and
EdomEdom is a name given to Esau in the Hebrew Bible, as well as to the nation descending from him. The nation's name in Assyrian was Udumi; in Syriac, ܐܕܘܡ; in Greek, Ἰδουμαία ; in Latin, Idumæa or Idumea....
ite ancestry. He was a grandson of King of
JudeaJudea or Judæa is the name given to the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel , an area now divided between Israel and the West Bank Judea or Judæa (Hebrew: יהודה,
Standard Yəhuda
Tiberian , "praised, celebrated"; Greek: Ιουδαία, Ioudaía; ) is the...
,
Herod the GreatHerod , also known as Herod I or Herod the Great Herod , also known as Herod I or Herod the Great Herod , also known as Herod I or Herod the Great (born 74 BC, died 4 BC in Jericho, was a Roman client king of Israel. He is often confused...
.
This marriage for Aristobulus Minor, was a promising marriage in dynastic terms. Iotapa and Aristobulus chose to live as private citizens in the
Middle EastThe Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, southeastern Europe, and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East...
. Iotapa and Aristobulus had a daughter called Iotapa, was born deaf and mute. Apart from their daughter, they had no further descendants.
Sources
Daughter of King Antiochus III of Commagene
Julia Iotapa (before 17-around 52) was a princess of Commagene who lived in the 1st century. She was of Armenian,
GreekThe Greeks , also known as Hellenes, are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions, who can also be found in diaspora communities around the world....
and
MedesThe Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area is known as Media...
descent. She was the daughter of the late King
Antiochus III of CommageneAntiochus III Epiphanes was a prince and king of Commagene from 12 BC to 17 AD. He was the son and successor of King Mithridates III of Commagene and Princess of Media and Queen of Commagene, Iotapa, and of mixed Armenian, Greek and Median descent.When Antiochus died in 17, his death became...
and Queen Iotapa of Commagene. Her parents were full-blooded siblings who had married each other. She was the sister of later King
Antiochus IV of CommageneGaius Julius Antiochus IV Epiphanes was the last king of Commagene, who reigned between 38-72 as a client king to the Roman Empire.-Life:...
. Through her ancestor from Commagene, Queen
Laodice VII TheaLaodice VII Thea Philadelphus , was a Greek–Syrian princess of the Seleucid Empire and future queen of Commagene. She was the daughter of Greek–Syrian King Antiochus VIII Grypus and Greek Ptolemaic Princess Tryphaena, a daughter of Ptolemy VIII.Laodice married Mithridates I Callinicus, a prince and...
, who was the mother of King
Antiochus I Theos of CommageneAntiochus I Theos Dikaios Epiphanes Philorhomaios Philhellen , was the king of Commagene from 70 BC until his death, and the most famous ruler of that kingdom.The ruins of the tomb-sanctuary of Antiochus Theos are magnificent to behold even today...
, she was a direct descendant of the Greek
SyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest....
n Kingdom the
Seleucid EmpireThe Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic empire, i.e. a successor state of Alexander the Great's empire. The Seleucid Empire was centered in the near East and at the height of its power included central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, today's Turkmenistan, Pamir and parts of Pakistan...
.
Iotapa and her brother appeared to be very young, when their father died in 17.
Roman EmperorThe Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin titles such as imperator , augustus, caesar and princeps were all associated with it...
TiberiusTiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, born Tiberius Claudius Nero , was the second Roman Emperor, from the death of Augustus in AD 14 until his own death in 37. Tiberius was by birth a Claudian, son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla...
agreed with the citizens of Commagene to make their Kingdom apart of the
Roman provinceIn Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italian peninsula...
of
SyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest....
. From 17 until 38, Iotapa seems that she had gain
Roman citizenshipCitizenship in ancient Rome was a privileged social status afforded to certain individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance.It is hard to offer meaningful generalities across the entire Roman period, as the nature and availability of citizenship was affected by legislation, for...
. Iotapa would have put the Latin name
JuliaJulia usually a woman's given name or a surname.It is a Latinate feminine form of the name Julius.Julius was a Roman family, derived from a founder Julus, the son of Aeneas and Creusa in Roman mythology, although the name's etymology may possibly derive from Greek "downy-[haired, bearded]" or...
, as apart of her name. She had lived and was raised in Rome, along with her brother. While Iotapa and Antiochus were growing up in
RomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality , with over 2.7 million residents in , while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million. The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million...
, they were apart of the remarkable court of Antonia Minor.
Antonia MinorAntonia Minor , also known as Antonia the Younger or simply Antonia was a daughter of Roman politician Mark Antony and Octavia Minor, niece of emperor Augustus, and mother of future emperor Claudius.Antonia is one of the most prominent Roman women. She is celebrated for her virtue and beauty...
was a niece of the first Roman Emperor
AugustusGaius Julius Caesar Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.
[These are the contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian after 45 BC...]
and the youngest daughter of triumvir
Mark AntonyMarcus Antonius , known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and General. He was an important supporter and the loyal friend of Gaius Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia...
. Antonia Minor was a very influential woman and supervised her circle of various princes and princesses. Her circle assisted in the political preservation of the Roman Empire’s borders and affairs of the client states.
The Roman Emperor
CaligulaGaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , more commonly known by his cognomen Caligula , was the third Roman Emperor, reigning from 16 March 37 until his assassination on 24 January 41...
returned to her and Antiochus IV their paternal dominion in 38. In addition, the emperor even enlarged their territory with apart of
CiliciaIn antiquity, Cilicia now known as Çukurova, was a commonly used name of the south coastal region of Asia Minor south of the central Anatolian plateau. It existed as a political entity from Hittite times into the Byzantine empire...
bordering on the seacoast. Caligula also gave them one million gold pieces the whole amount of the revenues of Commagene during the twenty years that it had been under a Roman province. The reasons for providing a client kingdom with such vast resources remain unclear; it was perhaps a stroke of Caligula's well-attested eccentricity.
Iotapa had married her brother and became Roman Client Monarchs of Commagene. Iotapa and Antiochus IV had three children:
- Son and prince: Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes
Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes, also known as Julius Archelaus Epiphanes; Epiphanes; Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes or simply known as Gaius was an influential prince of the Kingdom of Commagene, who lived in the 1st century.Epiphanes was the first-born son and child to King...
. Through him they would become paternal grandparents to PhilopapposGaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappos or Philopappus, was a Prince of the Kingdom of Commagene who lived in the Roman Empire during the 1st century and 2nd century. He was one of the most prominent Greeks who lived in the Roman Empire....
who was a prominent citizen of AthensAthens , the capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the world's oldest cities, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....
and poet Julia BalbillaJulia Balbilla was a noble Roman woman and a poet who lived between the 1st century and 2nd century in the Roman Empire.-Family and Life:...
.
- Son and prince: Callinicus
Callinicus was a prince of the Kingdom of Commagene, who lived in the 1st century. Callinicus was the second-born son and child to King Antiochus IV of Commagene and Queen Iotapa of Commagene. His parents were full-blooded siblings. His parents were Roman Client Monarchs of Commagene that lived...
- Daughter and princess: Iotapa (see below)
She appeared to have died, before Commagene, was annexed by
Roman EmperorThe Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin titles such as imperator , augustus, caesar and princeps were all associated with it...
VespasianTitus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 AD until his death in 79 AD...
in 72. When she died, Antiochus IV in her honor founded a town called Iotape (modern
AytapAytap is a historical port city that is 30 km-33 km, east of Alanya, located in the Mediterranean Region, Turkey. Along with Alanya, Aytap is situated in the district of the Antalya Province. Where Aytap is situated there is a long modern road that stretches along the coast between Alanya and...
,
TurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey
, is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe...
). On coinage her royal title is
‘Queen Iotape Philadelphus’ or
‘ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΑ ΙΩΤΑΠΗ ΦΙΛΑΔΕΛΦΟΣ’. The title
Philadelphus reveals to us that she is the sister-wife of Antiochus IV. This also shows her descent and claim to the Royal Cult that was established by her late ancestor Antiochus I.
External links
Sources
- Cassius Dio, lix. 8
- Suetonius
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, commonly known as Suetonius , was an equestrian and a historian during the Roman Empire. His most important surviving work is a set of biographies of twelve successive Roman rulers, from Julius Caesar until Domitian, entitled De Vita Caesarum...
, Caligula, 16
- http://www.mavors.org/PDFs/Commagene.pdf
- http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0203.html
- http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1722.html
- Chahin, Mark (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia. Routlege, pp. 190–191. ISBN 0700714529
- The Building Program of Herod the Great, By Duane W. Roller, Published by University of California Press 1998, ISBN 0520209346
- http://books.google.com.au/books?id=S_iZdOzcQCoC&pg=PA192&lpg=PA192&dq=Strabo+and+Antonia+&source=web&ots=to-ReZ9Ehv&sig=nbs8aS8VpIPUEpAjlR3mhs_7lHs&hl=en#PPA25,M1
Daughter of King Antiochus IV of Commagene
Julia Iotapa or
Julia Iotape (around 45-?) was a princess of Commagene who lived during the 1st century. She was the daughter and youngest child of King
Antiochus IV of CommageneGaius Julius Antiochus IV Epiphanes was the last king of Commagene, who reigned between 38-72 as a client king to the Roman Empire.-Life:...
and Queen Iotapa of Commagene, who were client monarchs who lived under the
Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean. The term is used to describe the Roman state during and after the time of the first emperor,...
. Her parents were full-blooded siblings. Iotapa’s eldest brothers were princes
Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus EpiphanesGaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes, also known as Julius Archelaus Epiphanes; Epiphanes; Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes or simply known as Gaius was an influential prince of the Kingdom of Commagene, who lived in the 1st century.Epiphanes was the first-born son and child to King...
and
CallinicusCallinicus was a prince of the Kingdom of Commagene, who lived in the 1st century. Callinicus was the second-born son and child to King Antiochus IV of Commagene and Queen Iotapa of Commagene. His parents were full-blooded siblings. His parents were Roman Client Monarchs of Commagene that lived...
.
She was of
ArmeniaArmenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
n,
GreekThe Greeks , also known as Hellenes, are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions, who can also be found in diaspora communities around the world....
and
MedesThe Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area is known as Media...
descent. Through her ancestor from Commagene, Queen
Laodice VII TheaLaodice VII Thea Philadelphus , was a Greek–Syrian princess of the Seleucid Empire and future queen of Commagene. She was the daughter of Greek–Syrian King Antiochus VIII Grypus and Greek Ptolemaic Princess Tryphaena, a daughter of Ptolemy VIII.Laodice married Mithridates I Callinicus, a prince and...
, who was the mother of King
Antiochus I Theos of CommageneAntiochus I Theos Dikaios Epiphanes Philorhomaios Philhellen , was the king of Commagene from 70 BC until his death, and the most famous ruler of that kingdom.The ruins of the tomb-sanctuary of Antiochus Theos are magnificent to behold even today...
, she was a direct descendant of the Greek
SyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest....
n Kingdom the
Seleucid EmpireThe Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic empire, i.e. a successor state of Alexander the Great's empire. The Seleucid Empire was centered in the near East and at the height of its power included central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, today's Turkmenistan, Pamir and parts of Pakistan...
. She was most probably born, raised and educated in
SamosataSamosata was an ancient city on the right bank of the Euphrates whose ruins existed at the modern city of Samsat, Adıyaman Province, Turkey until the site was flooded by the newly-constructed Atatürk Dam....
, the capital of the Kingdom of Commagene. Her mother died around 52 and her father raised her.
Iotapa’s father Antiochus IV, was an ally to the
Roman EmperorThe Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin titles such as imperator , augustus, caesar and princeps were all associated with it...
NeroNero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great uncle Claudius to become heir to the throne...
and various members of the
Herodian DynastyThe Herodian Dynasty was a Jewish dynasty of Idumean descent, who ruled Iudaea Province between 37 BC - AD 92.- Origin :During the time of the Hasmonean ruler John Hyrcanus 134-104 BCE, Judea conquered Edom and forced the Edomites to convert to Judaism.The Edomites were integrated into the Jewish...
. Between 58-59, there was civil unrest and warfare that occurred in the Kingdom of
ArmeniaArmenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
. Majority of Armenians had abandoned resistance and wanted peace, which included in accepting a prince to be crowned by Nero to be an Armenian King. Antiochus IV had participated in protecting Armenia with the Romans from
Tiridates I of ArmeniaTiridates I was King of Armenia beginning in AD 53 and the founder of the Arshakuni Dynasty, the Armenian line of the Arsacid Dynasty. The dates of his birth and death are unknown. His early reign was marked by a brief interruption towards the end of the year 54 and a much longer one from 58...
.
Nero crowned as the new Armenian King in
RomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality , with over 2.7 million residents in , while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million. The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million...
a prince called Julius
TigranesJulius Tigranes, also known as Tigranes VI was among one of the Kings of Armenia who lived in the 1st century. Tigranes was a prince of Persian, Greek, Jewish, Nabataean and Edomite origin....
, who was of Persian, Greek,
JewThe Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
ish,
ArmeniaArmenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
n,
NabataeanThe Nabataeans were an ancient Semitic people, Arabs of southern Jordan, Canaan and the northern part of Arabia, whose oasis settlements in the time of Josephus , gave the name of Nabatene to the borderland between Syria and Arabia, from the Euphrates to the Red Sea...
and
EdomEdom is a name given to Esau in the Hebrew Bible, as well as to the nation descending from him. The nation's name in Assyrian was Udumi; in Syriac, ܐܕܘܡ; in Greek, Ἰδουμαία ; in Latin, Idumæa or Idumea....
ite origin. Tigranes was the son of Judean prince Alexander. Tigranes was the grandchild of
CappadociaCappadocia is a region in central Turkey, largely in Nevşehir Province ....
n Princess
GlaphyraGlaphyra was a Princess of Cappadocia and daughter of King Archelaus of Cappadocia. Her mother is unknown, was born at an unknown date and raised in the 1st century BC...
and prince Alexander of Judea. His great grandparents were King
Archelaus of CappadociaArchelaus IV, later Archelaus, King of Cappadocia was the last King of Cappadocia...
, King of Judea
Herod the GreatHerod , also known as Herod I or Herod the Great Herod , also known as Herod I or Herod the Great Herod , also known as Herod I or Herod the Great (born 74 BC, died 4 BC in Jericho, was a Roman client king of Israel. He is often confused...
and Queen
Mariamne IMariamne I, also called Mariamne the Hasmonean was the second wife of Herod the Great. She was known for her great beauty, as was her brother Aristobulus. Her husband loved her because of her beauty alone and not for what was in her heart and soul...
.
Tigranes from his marriage had a son called
Gaius Julius AlexanderGaius Julius Alexander was a prince of Persian, Greek, Jewish, Nabataean and Edomite origin who lived between the 1st century and 2nd century....
. After Tigranes was crowned King in Rome, his son Alexander had married Iotapa in Rome. The marriage between Alexander and Iotapa was mostly a political alliance that occurred between the fathers of Iotapa and Alexander.
After the marriage of Iotapa and Alexander occurred in Rome, Nero crowned them Queen and King of Cetis, a small region in
CiliciaIn antiquity, Cilicia now known as Çukurova, was a commonly used name of the south coastal region of Asia Minor south of the central Anatolian plateau. It existed as a political entity from Hittite times into the Byzantine empire...
, that was previously ruled by her father and her royal ancestors from Commagene. The Roman city in Cilicia
Elaiussa SebasteElaiussa Sebaste or Elaeousa Sebaste was an ancient Roman town located from Mersin in the direction of Silifke in Cilicia on the southern coast of Anatolia . Elaiussa, meaning olive, was founded in the 2nd century B.C...
was made apart of their Kingdom. Iotapa and Alexander ruled Cetis from 58 until at least 72. Iotapa was still alive when the
Flavian dynastyThe Flavian dynasty was a Roman imperial dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96 CE, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian , and his two sons Titus and Domitian . The Flavians rose to power during the civil war of 69, known as the Year of the Four Emperors...
had ruled the
Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean. The term is used to describe the Roman state during and after the time of the first emperor,...
from 69-96. However after that, there is no more known on Iotapa.
Iotapa bore Alexander two sons who were:
Gaius Julius AgrippaGaius Julius Agrippa was a Cilician Prince and first-born son to King Gaius Julius Alexander and Queen Julia Iotapa of Cetis...
and
Gaius Julius Alexander BerenicianusGaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus was a Cilician Prince and second-born son to King Gaius Julius Alexander and Queen Julia Iotapa of Cetis...
. They also had a daughter named Julia, who married
Gaius Julius Quadratus BassusGaius Julius Quadratus Bassus , a Romanized Galatian, was a Legate at Judaea between 102/103 and 104/105, Consul of Rome in 105 and Proconsul of Asia in 105. He was the son of Gaius Julius Bassus, Proconsul in Bithynia in 98....
. The children of Iotapa and Alexander were born and raised in Cetis. A possible descendant of this Iotapa, was the
usurperUsurper is a derogatory term used to describe either an illegitimate or controversial claimant to the throne in a monarchy, or a person who succeeds in establishing himself as a monarch without inheriting the throne, or any other person exercising authority unconstitutionally...
JotapianusMarcus Fulvius Rufus Jotapianus or Jotapian, he was also known as Iotapianus or Iotapian. Jotapianus was an usurper in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire during the reign of Emperor Philip the Arab, around 249...
, who lived in the 3rd century.
Sources
- http://www.roman-emperors.org/philarab.htm
- http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1532.html
- http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1722.html
- Chahin, Mark (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia. Routlege, pp. 190–191. ISBN 0700714529
- http://www2.ehw.gr/asiaminor/Forms/fLemmaBody.aspx?lemmaid=?7950
- http://books.google.com.au/books?id=N7MfAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA137&lpg=PA137&dq=Josephus+and+Judaeans&source=web&ots=SEyM2xsmUF&sig=cnUmwXLFJReya8TtjcLsGbNoKes&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result
- http://books.google.com.au/books?id=QHrQoDLNBUIC&pg=PT19&lpg=PT19&dq=Iotape+of+Commagene&source=web&ots=aZ3hKg3uDr&sig=Y_zdZhNP-qNZE6WIDNivPPm-Urg&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result
- Chris Bennett
Chris Bennett may refer to:* Chris Bennett , Grammy-nominated singer, dancer and composer* Chris Bennett , former Canadian international and NASL soccer player...
, Egyptian Royal Genealogy - Ptolemaic Dynasty, 2005. Avail at http://www.geocities.com/christopherjbennett/ptolemies/ptolemaic_contents.htm, visited 5/12/2005.
- Christian Settipani
Christian Settipani is the Technical Director of an IT company in Paris and a genealogist and historian ....
, Continuite Gentilice et Continuite Familiale Dans Les Familles Senatoriales Romaines, A L'Epoque Imperiale, Mythe et Realite. Linacre, UK: Prosopographica et Genealogica, 2000. ILL. NYPL ASY (Rome) 03-983.
- Anthony Wagner
Sir Anthony Richard Wagner, KCB, KCVO, FSA was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. He served as Garter Principal King of Arms before retiring to the post of Clarenceux King of Arms...
, Pedigree and Progress, Essays in the Genealogical Interpretation of History, London, Philmore, 1975. Rutgers Alex CS4.W33.
- Kelsey Williams, Plantagenet Descents From Ancient Judea. Posting to soc.genealogy.medieval (email list GEN-MEDIEVAL) on 6/23/2002-201716. Subject: Re: Plantagenet Descents From Ancient Judea. Available at http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/2002-06/1024881359. Author address: gkkwilliams at cowboy dot net.