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Confederation
 
 
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Usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution, confederations tend to be established for dealing with critical issues such as defense
Defense (military)

Defence has several uses in the sphere of military application.Personal defence implies measures taken by individual soldiers in protecting themselves whether by use of protective materials such as armour, or field construction of trenches or a bunker, or by using weapons that prevent the enemy approaching them to initiate close combat....
, foreign affairs
Foreign Affairs

Foreign Affairs is an United States journal on international relations published by the Council on Foreign Relations six times annually. The CFR is a private-sector group established in New York City in 1921, with the mission of promoting understanding of foreign policy and America?s role in the world....
, or a common currency
Currency

A currency is a Medium of exchange, facilitating the trade of goods and/or Service s. It is coins and paper bills used as money. It is one form of money, where money is anything that serves as a medium of exchange, a store of value, and a standard of value....
, with the central government being required to provide support for all members. A confederation, in modern political terms, is usually limited to a permanent union of sovereign states for common action in relation to other states.

The nature of the relationship among the states constituting a confederation varies considerably.






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Usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution, confederations tend to be established for dealing with critical issues such as defense
Defense (military)

Defence has several uses in the sphere of military application.Personal defence implies measures taken by individual soldiers in protecting themselves whether by use of protective materials such as armour, or field construction of trenches or a bunker, or by using weapons that prevent the enemy approaching them to initiate close combat....
, foreign affairs
Foreign Affairs

Foreign Affairs is an United States journal on international relations published by the Council on Foreign Relations six times annually. The CFR is a private-sector group established in New York City in 1921, with the mission of promoting understanding of foreign policy and America?s role in the world....
, or a common currency
Currency

A currency is a Medium of exchange, facilitating the trade of goods and/or Service s. It is coins and paper bills used as money. It is one form of money, where money is anything that serves as a medium of exchange, a store of value, and a standard of value....
, with the central government being required to provide support for all members. A confederation, in modern political terms, is usually limited to a permanent union of sovereign states for common action in relation to other states.

The nature of the relationship among the states constituting a confederation varies considerably. Likewise, the relationship between the member states and the central government, and the distribution of powers among them, is highly variable. Some looser confederations are similar to international organization
International organization

An intergovernmental organization is an organization comprised primarily of Sovereignty State , or of other intergovernmental organization. Intergovernmental organizations are often called International_organization, although that term may also include international nongovernmental organization such as international non-profit organizations...
s, while tighter confederations may resemble federations
Federalism

Federalism is a political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together with a governing representative head. The term federalism is also used to describe a system of the government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units ....
.

In a non-political context, confederation is used to describe a type of organization which consolidates authority from other semi-autonomous bodies. Examples include sports confederations or confederations of Pan-European trades unions.

The verb confederation refers to the process of (or the event of) confederating; i.e., establishing a confederation (or by extension a federation). In Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
, Confederation
Canadian Confederation

Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federalism Dominion of Canada was formed beginning July 1, 1867 from the provinces, colony and Territory of British North America....
 generally refers to the British North America Act, 1867 which initially united three colonies of British North America (Province of Canada
Province of Canada

The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British North America#BNA colonies after the American Revolution: in North America from 1841 to 1867....
, Province of New Brunswick and Province of Nova Scotia), and to the subsequent incorporation of other colonies and territories.

Today


Switzerland

Switzerland, officially known as the Swiss Confederation, is the most notable example of a confederation in our days. It has been a confederacy since its inception, in 1291, and so remains to the present day. The Old Swiss Confederacy
Old Swiss Confederacy

The Old Swiss Confederacy was the precursor of modern-day Switzerland. The Swiss Eidgenossenschaft, as the Confederacy was called, was a loose federation of largely independent small states called Cantons of Switzerland that existed from the late 13th century until 1798, when it was invaded by the France Republic, who transformed it into...
 was originally created as an alliance among the valley communities of the central Alps. The Confederacy facilitated management of common interests (free trade) and ensured peace on the important mountain trade. It should be noted, however, that Switzerland is only a confederation in name, as its political system has all the characteristics of a federation.

Iroquois Confederacy

The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power", the "Five Nations"; the "Six Nations"; or the "People of the Longhouse") is a group of First Nations
First Nations

First Nations is a term of ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor M?tis people....
/Native Americans
Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans in the United States are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii....
 that consist of six nations: the Mohawk
Mohawk nation

Mohawk are an Indigenous peoples of the Americas of North America originally from the Mohawk Valley in upstate New York to southern Quebec and eastern Ontario....
, the Oneida
Oneida tribe

The Oneida are a Native Americans in the United States/First Nations people and are one of the five founding nations of the Iroquois in the area of upstate New York....
, the Onondaga
Onondaga (tribe)

The Onondaga are one of the original five constituent nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. Their traditional homeland is in and around Onondaga County, New York....
, the Cayuga
Cayuga nation

The Cayuga nation was one of the five original constituents of the Haudenosaunee , a confederacy of Native Americans in the United States in New York....
, the Seneca
Seneca nation

The Seneca are a group of Indigenous peoples of the Americas people native to North America. They are the westernmost nation within the Six Nations or Iroquois....
 and the Tuscarora
Tuscarora (tribe)

The Tuscarora are an Native Americans in the United States tribe with members in New York, Canada, and North Carolina. The Tuscarora had actually emigrated from the region now known as New York to the region now known as Eastern The Carolinas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America, but had their first encounter with Europeans in...
. The Iroquois have a representative government known as the Grand Council. The Grand Council is the oldest governmental institution still maintaining its original form in North America. Each tribe sends chiefs to act as representatives and make decisions for the whole nation.

European Union


The EU
European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
 is de jure
De jure

De jure is an expression that means "concerning law", as contrasted with de facto, which means "concerning fact".The terms de jure and de facto are used instead of "in principle" and "in practice", respectively, when one is describing politics or legal situations....
 a confederation – but some academic observers conclude that it has elements of a confederation or a federation
Federation

A federation is a Political union comprising a number of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the state is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a Unilateralism decision of the central government....
.

Belgium


Many authors are now speaking of Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
 as a country with some aspects of a Confederation
Confederation

Usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution, confederations tend to be established for dealing with critical issues such as defense , foreign affairs, or a common currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all members....
. C.E. Lagasse wrote it about the agreements between Belgian Regions and Communities : We are near the political system of a Confederation . Vincent de Coorebyter, Director of the CRISP wrote in Le Soir
Le Soir

Le Soir is a Berliner Belgium newspaper. Le Soir was founded in 1887 by Emile Rossel. It is the most popular Francophone newspaper in Belgium, and considered a newspaper of record....
 Belgian is undoubtedly a federation... [but] has some aspects of a confederation Michel Quévit, Professor ath the Université Catholique de Louvain
Université catholique de Louvain

The Universit? catholique de Louvain, sometimes known as UCL, is Belgium's largest French language-speaking university, and a successor institution to the oldest university in the Low Countries....
 wrote also in Le Soir
Le Soir

Le Soir is a Berliner Belgium newspaper. Le Soir was founded in 1887 by Emile Rossel. It is the most popular Francophone newspaper in Belgium, and considered a newspaper of record....
 The Belgian political system is already in dynamics of a Confederation . The same author wrote already about this issue in 1984 with other Professors

Confederation vs federation


By definition, the difference between a confederation and a federation
Federation

A federation is a Political union comprising a number of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the state is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a Unilateralism decision of the central government....
 is that the membership of the member states in a confederation is voluntary, while the membership in a federation is not. A confederation is most likely to feature these differences over a federation:
  • (1) No real direct powers: many confederal decisions are externalised by member-state legislation.
  • (2) Decisions on day-to-day-matters are not taken by simple majority but by special majorities or even by consensus or unanimity (veto for every member).
  • (3) Changes of the constitution, usually a treaty, require unanimity.


Historic confederations

Note that historical confederations, especially those predating the 20th century, may not fit the current definition of a confederation, may be proclaimed as a federation but be confederal (or the reverse), and may not show any qualities that are today recognized as those of a federation.

Some have more the characteristics of a personal union
Personal union

A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states are governed by the same monarch, while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct....
, but they are listed here because of their own self-styling.
  • Crown of Aragon
    Crown of Aragon

    The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon.At the height of its power by the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy controlling a large portion of the present-day eastern Spain, Northern Catalonia, as well as some of the major islands and mainland...
     (1137–1716)
  • Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

    The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
     (confederated personal union; 1447–1492, 1501–1569, (different government
    Government

    Government is the body within any organization that has the authority to make and the power to enforce laws, regulations, or rules. Typically, the government refers to a civil government -- local, provincial, or national -- but commercial, academic, religious, or other formal organizations are also administered by governing bodies....
    s, armies, treasuries
    Treasury

    A treasury is any place where the currency or items of high monetary value are kept. The term was first used in Classical antiquity times to describe the votive buildings erected to house Sacrifice, such as the Siphnian Treasury in Delphi or many similar buildings erected in Olympia, Greece by competing city-states to impress others during t...
    , law
    LAW

    LAW may refer to:* Anti-tank warfare, e.g. the US Army M72 LAW or the British Army LAW 80*Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights ...
    s, territories with border
    Border

    Borders define geography boundaries of political geography or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, states or Subnational entity. They may foster the setting up of buffer zones....
    s, citizenship
    Citizenship

    Citizenship refers to a person's membership in a political community such as a country or city. It has different legal definitions in different countries....
    s; common monarch (Grand Duke
    Grand Duke

    The title grand duke is used in Western Europe and particularly in Germanic languages countries for provincial sovereigns. Grand duke is of a protocolary rank below Monarch but higher than a sovereign duke....
     of Lithuania and King of Poland), parliament
    Parliament

    A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom....
     (Sejm
    Sejm

    The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
    ) and currency
    Currency

    A currency is a Medium of exchange, facilitating the trade of goods and/or Service s. It is coins and paper bills used as money. It is one form of money, where money is anything that serves as a medium of exchange, a store of value, and a standard of value....
    )
  • Switzerland
    Switzerland

    Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....
     (1291–1848), officially the Swiss Confederation
  • Hanseatic League
    Hanseatic League

    The Hanseatic League was an Military alliance of Trade cities and their guilds that established and maintained trade monopoly along the coast of Northern Europe, from the Baltic Sea to the North Sea and inland, during the Late Middle Ages and Early modern period ....
  • Kalmar Union
    Kalmar Union

    The Kalmar Union is a historiography term meaning a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under a single monarch, though intermittently....
     (confederated personal union; 1397–1523, Denmark
    Denmark

    Denmark is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries....
    +Sweden
    Sweden

    Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
    +Norway
    Norway

    Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
    )
  • Denmark-Norway (confederated personal union; 1536–1814)
  • Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands (1581-1795)
  • Wampanoag Confederacy
    Wampanoag

    The Wampanoag are a Native Americans in the United States nation which currently consists of five tribes.In 1600 the Wampanoag lived in southeastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island, as well as within a territory that encompassed current day Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket and the Elizabeth Islands....
  • Powhatan Confederacy
  • Confederate Ireland
    Confederate Ireland

    Confederate Ireland refers to the period of Irish self-government between the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649....
     (1641-1649)
  • New England Confederation
    New England Confederation

    The United Colonies of New England, commonly known as the New England Confederation, was a political and military alliance of the United Kingdom colony of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, Connecticut Colony, and New Haven Colony....
     (1643–1684)
  • Aro Confederacy
    Aro Confederacy

    The Aro Confederacy was a slave trading political union orchestrated by the Igbo people subgroup, the Aro people, centered in Arochukwu in present day Southeastern Nigeria....
    , (1690-1902), in what is now Nigeria
    Nigeria

    Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federation constitutional republic comprising States of Nigeria and one Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria....
    , Cameroon
    Cameroon

    The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary state of central and western Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south....
     and Equatorial Guinea
    Equatorial Guinea

    The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is a Spanish-speaking country located in Central Africa. With an area of 28,000 km2 it is one of the smallest countries in continental Africa, having a population estimated at half a million....
  • United States of America under the Articles of Confederation
    Articles of Confederation

    The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was the constitution of the revolutionary wartime alliance of the thirteen United States. The Articles' ratification was completed in 1781, and legally federated several sovereign and independent states, allied under the Articles of Association into a new federation styled the "United States...
     (1781–1789)
  • Pre-united Germany after the Holy Roman Empire
    Holy Roman Empire

    The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
    • Confederation of the Rhine
      Confederation of the Rhine

      The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation was a client state of the First French Empire. It was formed initially from 16 German states by Napoleon I of France after he defeated Austria's Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and Russia's Alexander I of Russia in the Battle of Austerlitz....
       (1806–1813) had no head of state nor a government
    • German Confederation
      German Confederation

      The German Confederation was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to the Holy Roman Empire, which had been abolished in 1806....
       (1815–1866)
    • North German Confederation
      North German Confederation

      The North German Confederation , came into existence in August 1866 as a military alliance of 22 states of northern Germany with the Kingdom of Prussia as the leading state....
       (1866–1871) Became the German Empire
      German Empire

      The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I, German Emperor as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became Weimar republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of William II, German Emperor ....
       in 1871
  • United Provinces of New Granada
    United Provinces of New Granada

    The United Provinces of New Granada was a country in South America from 1811 to 1816, a period known in Colombian history as the Patria Boba....
     (1810–1816 in what is now Colombia
    Colombia

    Colombia , officially the Republic of Colombia , is a country in north-western South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the north west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean....
    )
  • Sweden-Norway
    Union between Sweden and Norway

    The Union between Sweden and Norway , was the union of the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway between 1814 and 1905, when they were united under one monarch in a personal union, following the Treaty of Kiel, the declaration of Norway in 1814, a Swedish campaign against Norway , the Convention of Moss, on August 14, 1814, and the Norwegian constitu...
     (confederated personal union
    Personal union

    A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states are governed by the same monarch, while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct....
    ; 1814–1905)
  • Confederation of the Equator
    Confederation of the Equator

    The Confederation of the Equator was a short-lived state established in the Northeastern Brazil of Brazil during that nation's Brazilian War of Independence from Portugal....
     (1824, located in Northeast Brazil
    Brazil

    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
    )
  • Peru-Bolivian Confederation
    Peru-Bolivian Confederation

    The Peru-Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived confederated state that existed in South America between the years 1836 and 1839. Its head of state, titled Supreme Protector, was Marshal#Military Andr?s de Santa Cruz....
     (1836–1839)
  • Confederation of Central America (1842–1844, El Salvador
    El Salvador

    El Salvador is the smallest country in the Americas and Central America by size, and the most densely populated nation in Central America. It borders on the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras....
    +Guatemala
    Guatemala

    Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast....
    +Honduras
    Honduras

    Honduras is a democratic republic in Central America. It was formerly known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras ....
    +Nicaragua
    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democracy republic. It is the largest state in Central America with an area of 130,000 km2, about the size of the state of New York....
    )
  • Confederate States of America
    Confederate States of America

    The Confederate States of America formed as the government set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven Southern United States U.S. state of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S....
    , (1861–1865)
  • Carlist States in Spain (1872–1876)
  • United Arab Republic
    United Arab Republic

    The United Arab Republic , often abbreviated as the U.A.R., was a union between Egypt and Syria. The union began in 1958 and existed until 1961 when Syria seceded from the union....
     (confederation de-facto; 1958–1961, Egypt
    Egypt

    Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
    +Syria
    Syria

    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
    ; 1963, Egypt
    Egypt

    Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
    +Syria
    Syria

    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
    +Iraq
    Iraq

    Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
    )
  • Arab Federation
    Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan

    The Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan was a short-lived country that was formed in 1958 from the union of Iraq and Jordan. Although the name implies a federal structure, it was de facto a confederation....
     (confederation de-facto; 1958, (Iraq
    Iraq

    Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
    +Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
    )
  • Union of African States
    Union of African States

    The Union of African States, was a short lasting political union of 3 African states in West Africa, in the 1960's. These states were Mali, Ghana, and Guinea....
     (1961–1963, Mali
    Mali

    Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked nation in West Africa. Mali is the seventh largest country in Africa, bordering Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the C?te d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west....
    +Ghana
    Ghana

    The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders C?te d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south....
    +Guinea
    Guinea

    Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea , is a country in West Africa formerly known as French Guinea. The country's current population is estimated at 10,211,437 ....
    )
  • Federation of Arab Republics
    Federation of Arab Republics

    The Federation of Arab Republics was an abortive attempt by Libya's Muammar al-Gaddafi to merge Libya, Egypt, and Syria, creating a pan-Arabism state....
     (confederation de-facto; 1972, Egypt
    Egypt

    Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
    +Syria
    Syria

    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
    +Libya
    Libya

    Libya , officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
    )
  • Arab Islamic Republic
    Arab Islamic Republic

    The Arab Islamic Republic was a proposed unification of Tunisia and Libya in 1974, agreed upon by Libyan ruler Muammar al-Qaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba....
     (confederation de-facto; 1974, Libya
    Libya

    Libya , officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
    +Tunisia
    Tunisia

    Tunisia , officially the Tunisian Republic , is a country located in North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and Libya to the southeast....
    )
  • Senegambia
    Sénégambia Confederation

    The Senegambia Confederation was a loose confederation between the West African countries of Senegal and its neighbour the Gambia, which is almost completely surrounded by Senegal....
     (1982–1989, Senegal
    Senegal

    Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the S?n?gal River in West Africa. Senegal is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south....
    +Gambia)
  • Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)


Fictional confederations

  • Confederacy of Independent Systems (Star Wars
    Star Wars

    Star Wars is an epic film space opera Media franchise initially conceived by George Lucas. The first film in the franchise was simply titled Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, but later had the subtitle Episode IV: A New Hope added to distinguish it from its sequels and prequels....
    )
  • Terran Confederation
    Terran Confederation

    The Terran Confederation is the primary human government in the Wing Commander science fiction series.The Terran Confederation is an alliance of systems and regional governments which provide unified protection and economic growth....
     (Wing Commander
    Wing Commander (computer game)

    Wing Commander is a media franchise consisting of space combat simulation video game from Origin Systems, an Wing Commander Academy, a Wing Commander , a Wing Commander III: Heart of the Tiger#The Collectible Card Game, a Wing Commander books, and action figures....
    )
  • Terran Confederacy (StarCraft
    StarCraft

    StarCraft is a military science fiction real-time strategy video game developed by Blizzard Entertainment. The first game of the StarCraft was released for Microsoft Windows on 31 March 1998....
    )
  • Capellan Confederation
    Capellan Confederation

    File:Capellan_Confederation_.jpg?The Capellan Confederation is one of the five Successor States within the fictional BattleTech universe.The smallest of the Successor States, The Capellan Confederation is an socialist meritocracy ruled by House Liao, from whom almost all of the nation's ruling Chancellors have been descended....
     (Battletech
    BattleTech

    BattleTech is a wargaming and science fiction franchise, launched by FASA Corporation. In 2000, FASA properties were acquired by WizKids. WizKids in 2003 was later purchased by Topps, Inc....
    )
  • Confederation of Planet Omega (animated series Once Upon a Time... Space
    Once Upon a Time... Space

    Once Upon a Time...Space was a French animated TV series from 1982, directed by Albert Barill?.Several episodes were edited to make a film titled Revenge of the Humanoids....
    )
  • Jowston City-States (Suikoden II
    Suikoden II

    is a console role-playing game developed and published by Konami for the Sony PlayStation video game console and the second installment of the Suikoden video game series....
    )


See also


  • Confederacy
    Confederacy

    Confederacy may refer to:1. A Confederation, an association of sovereign states or communities. Examples include:* Confederate States of America, eleven southern states of the United States of America between 1861 and 1865....
  • List of forms of government
    List of forms of government

    This article lists forms of government and political systems, according to a series of different ways of categorising them. The systems listed are of course not mutually exclusive, and often have overlapping definitions ....
  • Commonwealth
    Commonwealth

    The England noun commonwealth dates from the fifteenth century. The original phrase "common-wealth" or "the common weal" comes from the old meaning of "wealth," which is "well-being." The term literally meant "common well-being." Thus commonwealth originally meant a state or nation-state governed for the common good as opposed to an autho...
  • ConFederation
    44th World Science Fiction Convention

    The 44th World Science Fiction Convention , also known as ConFederation, was held 28 August ? 1 September 1986 at the Atlanta Marriott Marquis and Atlanta Hilton in Atlanta, Georgia, USA....
    , the 44th World Science Fiction Convention, held in Atlanta in 1986


Sources and external links

  • — Illustrated Historical Essay