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Historical States of Italy

 
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Historical states of Italy
 
 
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Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 until the present era was a conglomeration of city-states and small independent nations. The following is a list of the various states that made up what we now know as Italy during the past. (rounded up to a year significant to Italian history in each case).







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Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 until the present era was a conglomeration of city-states and small independent nations. The following is a list of the various states that made up what we now know as Italy during the past. (rounded up to a year significant to Italian history in each case).

Antiquity

  • Etruscan civilization
    Etruscan civilization

    Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy and Corsica whom the ancient Romans called Etrusci or Tusci....
  • Rome
    Ancient Rome

    Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
  • Greek city-states
    Ancient Greece

    The term Ancient Greece refers to the period of History of Greece lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca. 1100 BC and the Dorian invasion, to 146 BC and the Roman Republic conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth ....
  • Western Roman Empire
    Western Roman Empire

    The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285; the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, today widely known as the Byzantine Empire....


Middle Ages


States of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....

  • County of Asti
  • Duchy of Benevento
    Duchy of Benevento

    The Duchy and later Principality of Benevento was the southernmost Lombards duchy in medieval Italy, centred on Benevento, a city central in the Mezzogiorno....
  • Bishopric of Bressanone
  • Principality of Capua
    Principality of Capua

    The Principality of Capua was a Lombards state in Southern Italy, usually de facto independent, but under the varying suzerainty of Holy Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empires....
  • March of Genoa (Marca Januensis or Eastern Liguria)
  • County of Gorizia
    County of Gorizia

    The County of Gorizia was a county based around the town of Gorizia in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, current north-eastern Italy.The first count of Gorizia, Meinhard I of Gorizia, is mentioned as early as 1127....
  • Kingdom of Italy
    Kingdom of Italy (medieval)

    The Kingdom of Italy was a creation of the Lombards who invaded the Italian peninsula, following the destruction of the Ostrogothic Kingdom, in 568....
  • March of Ivrea
  • Marche includes Marches of Camerino
    Camerino

    Camerino is small town of 7,000 inhabitants in the Marches , in the province of Macerata, Italy. It is located in the Apennine Mountains bordering Umbria, between the valleys of the rivers Potenza and Chienti, about 40 miles from Ancona....
    , Fermo
    Fermo

    Fermo is a town and comune of the Marche, Italy, in the Province of Fermo.Fermo is located on a hill, the Sabulo with a fine view, on a branch from Porto San Giorgio on the Adriatic coast railway....
     and Ancona
  • Duchy of Milan
    Duchy of Milan

    The Duchy of Milan was a state in northern Italy from 1394 to 1797. It was part of the Holy Roman Empire, by then a decentralised entity, and was ruled by several dynasties, most of them major powers from outside Italy....
  • Marquisate of Montferrat (created Marca Aleramica)
  • Principality of Salerno
    Principality of Salerno

    The Lombards Principality of Salerno was a Mezzogiorno state, centered on the port city of Salerno, formed out of the Principality of Benevento after a decade-long civil war in 851....
  • Marquisate of Saluzzo
  • Duchy of Savoy
    Duchy of Savoy

    From 1416 to 1714, the territories of the House of Savoy were known as the Duchy of Savoy . The Duchy was a state in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, with some territories that are now in France....
  • County of Sorano (Aldobrandeschi)
  • Duchy of Spoleto
    Duchy of Spoleto

    The independent Duchy of Spoleto was a Lombards territory founded about 570 in central Italy by the Lombard dux Faroald I of Spoleto....
  • Bishopric of Trent
    Bishopric of Trent

    The Bishopric of Trento is a former territory of Northern Italy which was created in 1027 and existed until 1802, when it was absorbed into Habsburg territory in the Holy Roman Empire....
  • March of Turin (created Marca Arduinica; also known as the March of Susa)
  • Duchy of Tuscany
  • Marquisate of Verona and Aquileia


Independent states

  • Papal States
    Papal States

    The Papal States, State of the Church or Pontifical States were one of the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ....
  • Lombard Kingdom
  • Emirate of Sicily
    Emirate of Sicily

    The Emirate of Sicily was an Caliphate on the island of Sicily from 965 to 1072....
  • Kingdom of Sicily
    Kingdom of Sicily

    The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. The Kingdom of Sicily covered not only the island of Sicily itself, but also the whole Mezzogiorno region of southern Italy and, until 1530, the islands of Malta and Gozo....
  • Terra Sancti Benedicti
    Terra Sancti Benedicti

    The Terra Sancti Benedicti was the secular territory, or seignory, of the powerful Abbey of Montecassino, the chief monastery of the Mezzogiorno and one of the first Western monasteries: founded by Benedict of Nursia himself, hence the name of its possessions....
  • Patriarchate of Aquileia
    Patriarchate of Aquileia

    The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an historical state and episcopal see in northeastern Italy, centred on the ancient city of Aquileia situated at the head of the Adriatic, on what is now the Italian sea-coast, at the confluence of the Anse and the Torre....
     (Patrie dal Friûl)


Main independent communes

  • Arezzo
    Arezzo

    Arezzo or Arretium is a city in central Italy, capital of Province of Arezzo, located in Tuscany. Arezzo is about 80 km south-east of Florence, at an elevation of 296 meters above sea level....
  • Brescia
    Brescia

    Brescia is a city in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, between the Mella and the Naviglio, with a population of around 190,000....
  • Cremona
    Cremona

    Cremona is a city in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left shore of the Po River in the middle of the Pianura Padana . It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local City and Province governments....
  • Florence
    Florence

    Florence is the Capital city of the Italy Regions of Italy of Tuscany and of the provinces of Italy Province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany and has a population of 364,779 ....
  • Genoa
    Genoa

    Genoa is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. The city has a population of about 610,000 and the urban area has a population of about 900,000....
  • Lodi
    Lodi, Italy

    Lodi is a town in Lombardy, Italy, on the right bank of the Adda River. It is the capital of the province of Lodi....
  • Milan
    Milan

    Milan is the second largest city of Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. It is the capital in the Province of Milan, as well as the Regions of Italy capital of Lombardy....
  • Perugia
    Perugia

    Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river, and the capital of the province of Perugia. The city symbol is the griffin, which can be seen in the form of plaques and statues on buildings around the city....
  • Piacenza
    Piacenza

    Piacenza is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Piacenza....
  • Pisa
    Pisa

    Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa....
  • Siena
    Siena

    Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.The historic centre of Siena has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site....
  • Viterbo
    Viterbo

    Viterbo is an ancient city and comune in the Latium region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo. It is approximately 100 kilometers north of Rome on the Via Cassia, and it is surrounded by the Monti Cimini and Monti Volsini....


Duchies and other entities of former Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
 appartenance

  • Duchy of Amalfi
    Duchy of Amalfi

    The Republic or Duchy of Amalfi was a de facto independent state centred on the Mezzogiorno city of the same name during the tenth and eleventh centuries....
  • Duchy of Gaeta
    Duchy of Gaeta

    The Duchy of Gaeta was an Early Middle Ages state centred on the coastal Mezzogiorno city of Gaeta. It began in the early ninth century as the local community began to grow autonomous as Byzantine Empire lagged in the Mediterranean and the peninsula thanks to Lombards and Saracens incursions....
  • Duchy of Naples
    Duchy of Naples

    The Duchy of Naples began as a Byzantine Empire province that was constituted in the seventh century, in the reduced coastal lands that the Lombards had not conquered during their invasion of Italy in the sixth century....
  • Duchy of Sorrento
    Duchy of Sorrento

    The 'Duchy of Sorrento' was a small peninsular principality of the Early Middle Ages centred on the Italy city of Sorrento.Originally, Sorrento was part of the Byzantine Empire Duchy of Naples in the Dark Ages, but in the ninth century, along with Duchy of Amalfi and Duchy of Gaeta, it broke away from the Neapolitans to found its own ducatu...
  • Republic of Venice
    Republic of Venice

    The Most Serene Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice . It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century AD until the year 1797....
  • Republic of Pisa
    Republic of Pisa

    The Republic of Pisa was a de facto independent state centered on the Central Italy city of Pisa during the late tenth and eleventh centuries....
  • Exarchate of Ravenna
    Exarchate of Ravenna

    The Exarchate of Ravenna or of Italy was a centre of Byzantine Empire power in Italy, from the end of the 6th century to 751, when the last Exarch was put to death by the Lombards....
  • Trani
    Trani

    Trani is a seaport of Apulia, southern Italy, on the Adriatic Sea, in the province of Bari, and 40 km by railway west northwest of that town....

Italy in the year 1494


Before the beginning of the Italian Wars

  • Papal States
    Papal States

    The Papal States, State of the Church or Pontifical States were one of the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ....
  • Kingdom of Naples
    Kingdom of Naples

    The Kingdom of Naples is the modern day name for a polity which existed on the southern part of the Italian peninsula. Also known contemporaneously, and somewhat confusingly, as the Kingdom of Sicily, this kingdom was founded after the secession of the island of Sicily from the old Kingdom of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers...
     (independent Aragonese dynasty)
  • Kingdom of Sicily
    Kingdom of Sicily

    The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. The Kingdom of Sicily covered not only the island of Sicily itself, but also the whole Mezzogiorno region of southern Italy and, until 1530, the islands of Malta and Gozo....
     (to Aragon)
  • Kingdom of Sardinia
    Kingdom of Sardinia

    Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austrian Empire....
     (to Aragon)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
  • Prince-Bishopric of Trent
    Bishopric of Trent

    The Bishopric of Trento is a former territory of Northern Italy which was created in 1027 and existed until 1802, when it was absorbed into Habsburg territory in the Holy Roman Empire....
  • Duchy of Savoy
    Duchy of Savoy

    From 1416 to 1714, the territories of the House of Savoy were known as the Duchy of Savoy . The Duchy was a state in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, with some territories that are now in France....
     (Savoia)
  • Duchy of Milan
    Duchy of Milan

    The Duchy of Milan was a state in northern Italy from 1394 to 1797. It was part of the Holy Roman Empire, by then a decentralised entity, and was ruled by several dynasties, most of them major powers from outside Italy....
     (Sforza, to France 1499-1522, to Spain from 1535)
  • Duchy of Ferrara
    Duchy of Ferrara

    The Duchy of Ferrara is a former sovereign state of northern Italy.Obizzo II d'Este was proclaimed lifelong ruler of Ferrara in 1264. He also became seignior of nearby Modena in 1288 and of Reggio Emilia in 1289....
      (Este)
  • Duchy of Modena and Reggio
    Duchy of Modena and Reggio

    The Duchy of Modena was a small Italy state that existed from 1452 to 1859, with a break between 1796 and 1814. The Duchy was originally created for the Este family, who also ruled Ferrara until 1597....
     (in personal union with Ferrara)
  • Duchy of Urbino (Montefeltro
    Montefeltro

    Montefeltro is the name of an historical Italy family who ruled Urbino and Rimini.The family's reign began in 1267 when Buonconte I da Montefeltro was elected podest? of Urbino....
    )
  • Marquisate of Massa
    Duchy of Massa and Carrara

    The Duchy of Massa and Carrara was the duchy that controlled the towns of Massa and Carrara; the area is now part of unified Italy, but retains its local identity as the province of Massa-Carrara....
     (Malaspina)
  • Marquisate of Saluzzo (Aleramici, to France 1548)
  • Marquisate of Montferrat (Paleologi, in personal union with Mantua 1533)
  • Marquisate of Mantua (Gonzaga)
  • Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto)
  • County of Gorizia
    County of Gorizia

    The County of Gorizia was a county based around the town of Gorizia in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, current north-eastern Italy.The first count of Gorizia, Meinhard I of Gorizia, is mentioned as early as 1127....
     (annexed to Austria in 1500)
  • County of Guastalla
    County of Guastalla

    The County of Guastalla was a sovereign state of northern Italy centred on Guastalla. The title of count was created in 1406 for Guido Torelli: the Torelli family held Guastalla until 1539, when it was bought by Ferrante Gonzaga....
     (Torelli, sold to a junior branch of the Gonzaga 1539)
  • County of Montechiarugolo
    County of Montechiarugolo

    The County of Montechiarugolo was a small sovereign state of northern Italy which existed from 1456 to 1612. It included the other fief of Casei....
     (Torelli of Montechiarugolo)
  • County of Novellara (Gonzaga of Novellara)
  • County of Correggio (da Correggio)
  • County of Pitigliano (Orsini)
  • County of Santa Fiora
    County of Santa Fiora

    The County of Santa Fiora was a small historical state of southern Tuscany, in central Italy. Together with the county of Sovana, it was one of the two subdivisions into which the possessions of the Aldobrandeschi, then lords of much of southern Tuscany, were split in 1274....
     (Sforza of S.Fiora)
  • Stato Landi (Landi)
  • Stato Pallavicino (Pallavicino)
  • Castiglione
    Castiglione

    Castiglione may refer to:...
     (Gonzaga of Castiglione)
  • Mirandola
    Mirandola

    Mirandola is a city of Emilia-Romagna, Italy, in the Province of Modena, 31 km northeast of the Modena by railway. As of 2007, the city has a population of 23,512....
     (Pico)
  • Carpi
    Carpi

    Carpi may refer to:* Carpi - plural form of carpus, the cluster of bones in the hand between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus* Carpi , a large town in the province of Modena, Italy...
     (Pio di Savoia)
  • Sassuolo
    Sassuolo

    Sassuolo is an industrial town south of Modena and north west of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy....
     (Pio di Savoia)
  • Bologna
    Bologna

    Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Po Valley , between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, exactly between the Reno River and the S?vena River....
     (Bentivoglio)
  • Faenza
    Faenza

    Faenza is an Italy city and comune, in the province of Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, situated 50 km southeast of Bologna.Faenza is noted for its manufacture of majolica ware glazed earthenware pottery, known from the name of the town as "faience"....
     (Manfredi)
  • Rimini
    Rimini

    Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It is located on the Adriatic Sea, near the coast between the rivers Marecchia and Ausa ....
     (Malatesta)
  • Forlì
    Forlì

    Forl? is a comune and city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, famed as the birthplace of the great painter Melozzo da Forl?, of the Renaissance humanism historian Flavio Biondo, of the famous physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni....
     (Riario)
  • Pesaro
    Pesaro

    Pesaro is a town and comune in the Italy region of Marche, capital of the Province of Pesaro e Urbino, on the Adriatic Sea. According to the 2007 census, its population was 92,206....
     (Sforza of Pesaro)
  • Matelica
    Matelica

    Matelica is a comune in the Province of Macerata in the Italy region Marche, located about 60 km southwest of Ancona and about 35 km west of Macerata....
     (Ottoni)
  • Camerino
    Camerino

    Camerino is small town of 7,000 inhabitants in the Marches , in the province of Macerata, Italy. It is located in the Apennine Mountains bordering Umbria, between the valleys of the rivers Potenza and Chienti, about 40 miles from Ancona....
     (da Varano, duchy from 1515, confiscated and incorporated to the Papal States 1539)
  • Imperial Fiefdoms
  • Republic of Ancona
    Ancona

    Ancona is a city and a seaport in the Marche, a region of central Italy, population 101,909 . Ancona is situated on the Adriatic Sea and is the center of the province of Ancona and the capital of the region....
     (to the Papal States in 1532)
  • Republic of Genoa
    Republic of Genoa

    The Most Serene Republic of Genoa was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italy coast from the 11th century to 1797, when it was invaded by armies of First French Republic under Napoleon I of France....
  • Republic of Lucca
  • Republic of Florence (actually under the lordship of the Medici, duchy from 1532)
  • Republic of Ragusa
    Republic of Ragusa

    The Republic of Ragusa, or Republic of Dubrovnik, was a maritime republic centred on the city of Dubrovnik, known also as Ragusa , in Dalmatia, from the 14th century Anno Domini until 1808....
  • Republic of Siena (incorporated to the Duchy of Florence 1555)
  • Republic of Venice
    Republic of Venice

    The Most Serene Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice . It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century AD until the year 1797....
  • Republic of San Marino
  • Republic of Cospaia


Italy in the year 1559

After the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis:

  • Papal States
    Papal States

    The Papal States, State of the Church or Pontifical States were one of the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ....
  • Kingdom of Naples
    Kingdom of Naples

    The Kingdom of Naples is the modern day name for a polity which existed on the southern part of the Italian peninsula. Also known contemporaneously, and somewhat confusingly, as the Kingdom of Sicily, this kingdom was founded after the secession of the island of Sicily from the old Kingdom of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers...
     (under Spain)
  • Kingdom of Sicily
    Kingdom of Sicily

    The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. The Kingdom of Sicily covered not only the island of Sicily itself, but also the whole Mezzogiorno region of southern Italy and, until 1530, the islands of Malta and Gozo....
     (under Spain)
  • Kingdom of Sardinia
    Kingdom of Sardinia

    Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austrian Empire....
     (under Spain)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
  • Prince-Bishopric of Trent
  • Duchy of Savoy
    Duchy of Savoy

    From 1416 to 1714, the territories of the House of Savoy were known as the Duchy of Savoy . The Duchy was a state in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, with some territories that are now in France....
     (Savoia)
  • Duchy of Milan
    Duchy of Milan

    The Duchy of Milan was a state in northern Italy from 1394 to 1797. It was part of the Holy Roman Empire, by then a decentralised entity, and was ruled by several dynasties, most of them major powers from outside Italy....
     (under Spain)
  • Duchy of Mantua
    Duchy of Mantua

    The Duchy of Mantua was a duchy in Lombardy, Northern Italy, subject to the Holy Roman Empire....
     (Gonzaga)
  • Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
    Duchy of Parma

    The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, centered on the city of Parma....
     (Farnese)
  • Duchy of Ferrara
    Duchy of Ferrara

    The Duchy of Ferrara is a former sovereign state of northern Italy.Obizzo II d'Este was proclaimed lifelong ruler of Ferrara in 1264. He also became seignior of nearby Modena in 1288 and of Reggio Emilia in 1289....
     (Este; confiscated and incorporated to the Papal States 1598)
  • Duchy of Modena and Reggio
    Duchy of Modena and Reggio

    The Duchy of Modena was a small Italy state that existed from 1452 to 1859, with a break between 1796 and 1814. The Duchy was originally created for the Este family, who also ruled Ferrara until 1597....
     (Este; in personal union with Ferrara until 1598)
  • Duchy of Florence (Grand Duchy of Tuscany
    Grand Duchy of Tuscany

    The Grand Duchy of Tuscany 2 was a state in central Italy that existed from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence, which had been created out of the old Republic of Florence in 1532, and which annexed the Republic of Siena in 1557....
     from 1569) (Medici)
  • Duchy of Urbino (Della Rovere; incorporated to the Papal States 1631)
  • Duchy of Castro (in personal union with Parma; confiscated and incorporated to the Papal States 1649)
  • Marquisate of Montferrat (in personal union with Mantua; duchy from 1574)
  • Marquisate of Masserano (Ferrero-Fieschi; principality from 1577)
  • Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto; to Spain 1602)
  • Marquisate of Massa (Cybo-Malaspina; principality from 1568)
  • County of Guastalla
    County of Guastalla

    The County of Guastalla was a sovereign state of northern Italy centred on Guastalla. The title of count was created in 1406 for Guido Torelli: the Torelli family held Guastalla until 1539, when it was bought by Ferrante Gonzaga....
     (Gonzaga of Guastalla)
  • County of Montechiarugolo
    County of Montechiarugolo

    The County of Montechiarugolo was a small sovereign state of northern Italy which existed from 1456 to 1612. It included the other fief of Casei....
     (Torelli; to Parma 1612)
  • County of Correggio (da Correggio; principality from 1616, confiscated and ceded to Modena by the Emperor 1631)
  • County of Novellara (Gonzaga of Novellara)
  • County of Pitigliano (Orsini; acquired by Tuscany in 1604)
  • County of Santa Fiora
    County of Santa Fiora

    The County of Santa Fiora was a small historical state of southern Tuscany, in central Italy. Together with the county of Sovana, it was one of the two subdivisions into which the possessions of the Aldobrandeschi, then lords of much of southern Tuscany, were split in 1274....
     (Sforza; acquired by Tuscany in 1633)
  • State Pallavicino (Pallavicino; to Parma 1636)
  • Stato Landi (Landi)
  • Castiglione
    Castiglione

    Castiglione may refer to:...
     (Gonzaga of Castiglione; marquisate from 1579, principality from 1659)
  • Piombino
    Principality of Piombino

    The Principality of Piombino was a state of Italy, which existed from 1399 to 1805, when Napoleon absorbed it into the Principality of Lucca and Piombino....
     (Appiani; principality from 1594)
  • Sabbioneta
    Sabbioneta

    Sabbioneta is a town in Lombardy, northern Italy, in the province of Mantua, about 30 km north of Parma, not far from the northern bank of the Po River....
     (Gonzaga of Bozzolo; duchy from 1577, sold to Spain in 1629)
  • Mirandola
    Mirandola

    Mirandola is a city of Emilia-Romagna, Italy, in the Province of Modena, 31 km northeast of the Modena by railway. As of 2007, the city has a population of 23,512....
     (Pico; principality from 1596, duchy from 1617)
  • Sassuolo
    Sassuolo

    Sassuolo is an industrial town south of Modena and north west of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy....
     (Pio di Savoia; to Modena 1599)
  • Imperial Fiefdoms (small, independent lordships generally under members of the Genoese nobility)
  • Saluzzo
    Saluzzo

    Saluzzo is a town and former principality in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont region, Italy.The city of Saluzzo is built on a hill overlooking a vast, well-cultivated plain....
     (under France; to Savoy from 1601)
  • Valtelline, Chiavenna and Bormio (under the Grisons)
  • State of Presidi
    State of Presidi

    The Stato dei Presidi was a client state of the Kingdom of Spain situated in central Italy, which included the cities of Orbetello, Porto Ercole, Porto Santo Stefano, Talamone, Ansedonia and Porto Longone, in what is now southern Tuscany....
     (to Naples)
  • Republic of Venice
    Republic of Venice

    The Most Serene Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice . It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century AD until the year 1797....
  • Republic of Genoa
    Republic of Genoa

    The Most Serene Republic of Genoa was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italy coast from the 11th century to 1797, when it was invaded by armies of First French Republic under Napoleon I of France....
  • Republic of Lucca
  • Republic of San Marino
  • Republic of Cospaia


Italy in the year 1659


After the treaty of the Pirenees

  • Papal States
    Papal States

    The Papal States, State of the Church or Pontifical States were one of the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ....
  • Kingdom of Naples
    Kingdom of Naples

    The Kingdom of Naples is the modern day name for a polity which existed on the southern part of the Italian peninsula. Also known contemporaneously, and somewhat confusingly, as the Kingdom of Sicily, this kingdom was founded after the secession of the island of Sicily from the old Kingdom of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers...
     (to Spain until 1707; to Austria from 1707 to 1734 then under a junior branch of the Spanish Bourbons
  • Kingdom of Sicily
    Kingdom of Sicily

    The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. The Kingdom of Sicily covered not only the island of Sicily itself, but also the whole Mezzogiorno region of southern Italy and, until 1530, the islands of Malta and Gozo....
     (to Spain until 1707; to Austria 1707-1714 and 1720-1734; to Savoy 1714-1720; in personal union with Naples thereafter)
  • Kingdom of Sardinia
    Kingdom of Sardinia

    Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austrian Empire....
     (to Spain until 1714; to Austria 1714-1720; in personal union with Savoy thereafter)
  • Grand Duchy of Tuscany
    Grand Duchy of Tuscany

    The Grand Duchy of Tuscany 2 was a state in central Italy that existed from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence, which had been created out of the old Republic of Florence in 1532, and which annexed the Republic of Siena in 1557....
     (Medici until 1737; Habsburg-Lorraine thereafter)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
  • Prince-Bishopric of Trent
  • Duchy of Savoy
    Duchy of Savoy

    From 1416 to 1714, the territories of the House of Savoy were known as the Duchy of Savoy . The Duchy was a state in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, with some territories that are now in France....
     (Savoia)
  • Duchy of Montferrat
    Duchy of Montferrat

    The Duchy of Montferrat was created out of what was left of the March of Montferrat after the last Palaeologus heir had died and the margraviate been briefly controlled by Spain ....
     (to Mantua until 1707, then to Savoy)
  • Duchy of Milan
    Duchy of Milan

    The Duchy of Milan was a state in northern Italy from 1394 to 1797. It was part of the Holy Roman Empire, by then a decentralised entity, and was ruled by several dynasties, most of them major powers from outside Italy....
     (to Spain until 1706, then to Austria; the union of Milan and Mantua in 1737 created the Austrian Lombardy)
  • Duchy of Mantua
    Duchy of Mantua

    The Duchy of Mantua was a duchy in Lombardy, Northern Italy, subject to the Holy Roman Empire....
     (Gonzaga until the imperial confiscation in 1707, then to Austria; Austrian Lombardy from 1737)
  • Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Farnese until 1731; Bourbons 1731-1734; to Austria 1734-1748 then to a junior branch of the Spanish Bourbons)
  • Duchy of Guastalla (Gonzaga of Guastalla until their extinction in 1746; in personal union with Parma from 1748)
  • Duchy of Mirandola (Pico until the imperial confiscation in 1707; to Austria 1707-1711; to Modena from 1711)
  • Duchy of Modena and Reggio
    Duchy of Modena and Reggio

    The Duchy of Modena was a small Italy state that existed from 1452 to 1859, with a break between 1796 and 1814. The Duchy was originally created for the Este family, who also ruled Ferrara until 1597....
     (Este)
  • Principality of Masserano (Ferrero-Fieschi; sold to Savoy in 1767)
  • Principality of Castiglione (Gonzaga of Castiglione; confiscated by the Emperor 1691)
  • Principality of Massa (Cybo-Malaspina; duchy from 1664; in personal union with Modena from 1731)
  • Principality of Piombino
    Principality of Piombino

    The Principality of Piombino was a state of Italy, which existed from 1399 to 1805, when Napoleon absorbed it into the Principality of Lucca and Piombino....
     (Ludovisi until 1733, Boncompagni-Ludovisi thereafter)
  • County of Novellara (Gonzaga of Novellara until their extinction in 1728; to Modena from 1737)
  • Stato Landi (Landi until 1679, Doria 1679-1682, then to Parma)
  • Imperial Fiefdoms
  • Valtelline, Chiavenna and Bormio (under the Grisons)
  • State of Presidi
    State of Presidi

    The Stato dei Presidi was a client state of the Kingdom of Spain situated in central Italy, which included the cities of Orbetello, Porto Ercole, Porto Santo Stefano, Talamone, Ansedonia and Porto Longone, in what is now southern Tuscany....
     (to Naples)
  • Republic of Venice
    Republic of Venice

    The Most Serene Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice . It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century AD until the year 1797....
  • Republic of Genoa
    Republic of Genoa

    The Most Serene Republic of Genoa was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italy coast from the 11th century to 1797, when it was invaded by armies of First French Republic under Napoleon I of France....
  • Republic of Lucca
  • Republic of San Marino
  • Republic of Cospaia
Italy 1796
Italy C 1810

Italy in the year 1796


Before the Napoleonic period

  • Papal States
    Papal States

    The Papal States, State of the Church or Pontifical States were one of the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ....
     (Pope Pius VI
    Pope Pius VI

    Pope Pius VI , born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, Pope from 1775 to 1799, was born at Cesena....
    )
  • Kingdom of Naples
    Kingdom of Naples

    The Kingdom of Naples is the modern day name for a polity which existed on the southern part of the Italian peninsula. Also known contemporaneously, and somewhat confusingly, as the Kingdom of Sicily, this kingdom was founded after the secession of the island of Sicily from the old Kingdom of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers...
     (Bourbons of Naples, King Ferdinand IV) (merged with Sicily in 1816 to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
  • Kingdom of Sicily
    Kingdom of Sicily

    The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. The Kingdom of Sicily covered not only the island of Sicily itself, but also the whole Mezzogiorno region of southern Italy and, until 1530, the islands of Malta and Gozo....
     (in personal union with Naples; after 1816 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
  • Kingdom of Sardinia
    Kingdom of Sardinia

    Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austrian Empire....
     (inclusive of the Duchy of Savoy, Savoia, King Vittorio Amedeo III)
  • Papal States
    Papal States

    The Papal States, State of the Church or Pontifical States were one of the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ....
     (Pope Pius VI)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Brixen (secularized and incorporated into Austria in 1802)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Trent (secularized and incorporated into Austria in 1802)
  • Grand Duchy of Tuscany
    Grand Duchy of Tuscany

    The Grand Duchy of Tuscany 2 was a state in central Italy that existed from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence, which had been created out of the old Republic of Florence in 1532, and which annexed the Republic of Siena in 1557....
     (Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke Ferdinand III)
  • Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (Bourbons of Parma, Duke Ferdinando I)
  • Duchy of Modena and Reggio
    Duchy of Modena and Reggio

    The Duchy of Modena was a small Italy state that existed from 1452 to 1859, with a break between 1796 and 1814. The Duchy was originally created for the Este family, who also ruled Ferrara until 1597....
     (Este, Duke Ercole III)
  • Duchy of Massa (personal union with Modena)
  • Principality of Piombino
    Principality of Piombino

    The Principality of Piombino was a state of Italy, which existed from 1399 to 1805, when Napoleon absorbed it into the Principality of Lucca and Piombino....
     (Boncompagni, Prince Antonio II) (after 1815 part of Tuscany)
  • Austrian Lombardy (direct Austrian control)
  • Valtelline, Chiavenna and Bormio (under the Grisons; after 1816 part of Lombardo-Veneto)
  • Republic of Venice
    Republic of Venice

    The Most Serene Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice . It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century AD until the year 1797....
     (abolished 1797; after 1815 part of Lombardo-Veneto)
  • Republic of Genoa
    Republic of Genoa

    The Most Serene Republic of Genoa was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italy coast from the 11th century to 1797, when it was invaded by armies of First French Republic under Napoleon I of France....
     (after 1815 to Sardinia)
  • Republic of Lucca (after 1815 independent duchy)
  • Republic of San Marino
  • Republic of Cospaia
  • State of Presidi
    State of Presidi

    The Stato dei Presidi was a client state of the Kingdom of Spain situated in central Italy, which included the cities of Orbetello, Porto Ercole, Porto Santo Stefano, Talamone, Ansedonia and Porto Longone, in what is now southern Tuscany....
     (to Naples; after 1815 to Tuscany)


Italy in Napoleonic times (1796 - 1814)


After Napoleon’s invasion of Italy:

  • Republic of Alba
    Republic of Alba

    The Republic of Alba was a French client republic proclaimed on 25 April 1796, in Alba , northern Italy. It covered the area of Piedmont. It ceased to exist on 19 April 1801, when it was annexed by France....
     (1796 - 1801), annexed to France
  • Cispadane Republic
    Cispadane Republic

    The Cispadane Republic was a short-lived French client republic located in Northern Italy, founded in 1796 with the protection of the French army, led by Napoleon I of France....
     (1796 - 1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
  • Transpadane Republic
    Transpadane Republic

    The Transpadane Republic was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1796 to June 29 1797. It comprised the territory of Lombardy, and was merged with the Cispadane Republic to form the Cisalpine Republic....
     (1796 - 1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
  • Ligurian Republic
    Ligurian Republic

    The Ligurian Republic was a short-lived French client republic formed by Napoleon I of France on June 14, 1797. It consisted of the territory of the old Republic of Genoa which covered most of the Ligurian region of Northwest Italy....
     (1797 - 1805), annexed to France
  • Republic of Bergamo
    Republic of Bergamo

    The Republic of Bergamo or Repubblica Bergamasca was an ephemeral French client republic created in March 1797 after the end of the Republic of Venice....
     (1797)
  • Republic of Brescia (1797)
  • Republic of Crema
    Republic of Crema

    The Republic of Crema was a French client republic in Italy. It existed in 1797, based in Crema, Italy, and covered a part of the area of Lombardy....
     (1797)
  • Bolognese Republic
    Bolognese Republic

    The Bolognese Republic was proclaimed in 1796 in the Central Italian city of Bologna....
     (1798)
  • Cisalpine Republic
    Cisalpine Republic

    The Cisalpine Republic was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1797 to 1802.After the Battle of Lodi, in May 1796, the French general Napoleon I of France proceeded to organize two states ? one on the south of the Po River, the Cispadane Republic, and one on the north, the Transpadane Republic....
     (1797 - 1802) transformed into the Italian Republic
  • Republic of Ancona
    Republic of Ancona

    The Republic of Ancona was formed on 19 November 1797 as a French client republic. It came about after a French victory at Ancona in February 1797....
     (1797 - 1798), joined Roman Republic
  • Roman Republic
    Roman Republic (18th century)

    The Roman Republic was proclaimed on February 15, 1798 after Louis Alexandre Berthier, a general of Napoleon I of France, had invaded the city of Rome on February 10....
     (1798 - 1800) capital Rome
    Rome

    Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
  • Tiberina Republic
    Tiberina Republic

    The Tiberina Republic was proclaimed on 4 February 1798, when republicans took power in the city of Perugia. It was a French client republic that took its name from the river Tiber....
     (1798 - 1799) capital Perugia
    Perugia

    Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river, and the capital of the province of Perugia. The city symbol is the griffin, which can be seen in the form of plaques and statues on buildings around the city....
    , joined Roman Republic
  • Parthenopaean Republic
    Parthenopaean Republic

    The Parthenopaean Republic was a France-supported republic in the territory of the Kingdom of Naples, formed during the French Revolutionary Wars after King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies fled before advancing French troops....
     (1799) capital Naples
    Naples

    Naples is a city in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. The city is known for its rich history, art, culture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,800 years old....
  • Subalpine Republic
    Subalpine Republic

    The Subalpine Republic was a short-lived republic established in June 1802 on the territory of the Piedmont during the Napoleonic era.It was annexed to France in September 1802 as the d?partements of Doire , Marengo , P? , Sesia , Stura, and Tanaro ....
     (1800 - 1802)
  • Kingdom of Etruria
    Kingdom of Etruria

    The Kingdom of Etruria was a Kingdom comprising the larger part of Tuscany which existed between 1801 and 1807. It took its name from Etruria, the old Ancient Rome name for the land of the Etruscans....
     (1801 - 1807) annexed to France
  • Italian Republic
    Italian Republic (Napoleonic)

    The Italian Republic was a short-lived republic, located in Northern Italy. It was a vassal state of the First French Republic of Napoleon.The Italian Republic was the successor of the Cisalpine Republic, which changed its constitution to allow the French First Consul Napoleon to become its president....
     (1802 - 1805)
  • Principality of Lucca and Piombino
  • Kingdom of Italy
    Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)

    The Kingdom of Italy was founded in Northern Italy by Napoleon I of France, and ended with his defeat and fall.The Kingdom of Italy was born on 17 March 1805 when the Italian Republic , whose president was Napoleon, became Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King of Italy and Eug?ne de Beauharnais viceroy....
     (1805 - 1814)
  • Kingdom of Naples
    Kingdom of Naples

    The Kingdom of Naples is the modern day name for a polity which existed on the southern part of the Italian peninsula. Also known contemporaneously, and somewhat confusingly, as the Kingdom of Sicily, this kingdom was founded after the secession of the island of Sicily from the old Kingdom of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers...
     (under French rulers 1806-1815)

Italy in the year 1816

After the Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815....
:
  • Papal States
    Papal States

    The Papal States, State of the Church or Pontifical States were one of the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ....
     (Pope Pius VII
    Pope Pius VII

    Pope Pius VII, Order of Saint Benedict , born Count Barnaba Niccol? Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Pope from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823....
    ; lost most of its territories to Sardinia 1859-1860)
  • Kingdom of Sardinia
    Kingdom of Sardinia

    Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austrian Empire....
     (Savoia, King Vittorio Emanuele I; ceded Savoy
    Savoy

    Savoy is a region of Europe on the western flank of the Alps that emerged following the collapse of the Frankish Empire Kingdom of Burgundy. Installed by Rudolph III, King of Burgundy, officially in 1003, the House of Savoy became the longest surviving royal house in Europe....
     and Nice
    Nice

    Nice is a city in Southern France France located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, between Marseille, France, and Genoa, Italy, with 1,197,751 inhabitants in the 2007 estimate....
     to France in 1860; became Kingdom of Italy 1861)
  • Kingdom Lombardo-Veneto
    Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

    The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia was a kingdom in northern Italy, and part of the Austrian Empire. It was established after the defeat of Napoleon, according to the decisions of the Congress of Vienna, on 9 June 1815....
     (to Austria; lost most of Lombardy
    Lombardy

    Lombardy is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The capital is Milan. One-sixth of Italy's population lives in Lombardy and about one fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in this region....
     to Sardinia in 1859)
  • Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Bourbon of Sicily and Naples, later Bourbon-Two-Sicilies, King Ferdinand I; incorporated into Sardinia 1860-1861)
  • Grand Duchy of Tuscany
    Grand Duchy of Tuscany

    The Grand Duchy of Tuscany 2 was a state in central Italy that existed from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence, which had been created out of the old Republic of Florence in 1532, and which annexed the Republic of Siena in 1557....
     (Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke Ferdinand III; incorporated to Sardinia 1859)
  • Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
    Duchy of Parma

    The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, centered on the city of Parma....
     (under Marie Louise
    Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma

    Marie Louise of Austria , born Archduchess Maria Luisa of Austria , became upon marriage Empress of the French , and in 1817 became Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla ....
    , wife of Napoleon, for her lifetime. After her death in 1847, Parma and Piacenza devolve upon the House of Bourbon-Parma, Guastalla on the Duke of Modena; incorporated into Sardinia 1859)
  • Duchy of Modena and Reggio
    Duchy of Modena and Reggio

    The Duchy of Modena was a small Italy state that existed from 1452 to 1859, with a break between 1796 and 1814. The Duchy was originally created for the Este family, who also ruled Ferrara until 1597....
     (Austria-Este, Duke Francis IV; incorporated into Sardinia 1859)
  • Duchy of Lucca
    Duchy of Lucca

    The Duchy of Lucca was an Italy state existing from 1815 to 1847. It was centered on the city of Lucca.The Duchy was formed in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, out of the former Republic of Lucca and the Principality of Lucca, which had been ruled by Elisa Bonaparte....
     (Bourbon-Parma, Duchess Marie Louise; when they return to Parma in 1847, annexed by Tuscany)
  • Duchy of Massa and Carrara
    Duchy of Massa and Carrara

    The Duchy of Massa and Carrara was the duchy that controlled the towns of Massa and Carrara; the area is now part of unified Italy, but retains its local identity as the province of Massa-Carrara....
     (annexed to the Duchy of Modena in 1829)
  • Republic of San Marino
  • Republic of Cospaia (to Tuscany and the Papal States in 1826)
  • Trentino-Alto Adige, Gorizia
    Gorizia

    Gorizia is a town in northeastern Italy, at the foot of the Alps and bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce....
     and Trieste
    Trieste

    Trieste is a city and port in northeastern Italy very near to the Slovenian border, to the North, East, and South. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste on the Adriatic Sea....
     (part of the Austrian Empire)


Italy in the year 1861

After the unification

  • Papal States
    Papal States

    The Papal States, State of the Church or Pontifical States were one of the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ....
     (Pope Pius IX
    Pope Pius IX

    Blessed Pope Pius IX , born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was Pope from June 16, 1846 until his death. His was the longest reign in Church history, lasting 32 years....
    ; last territories with Rome incorporated into Italy 1870)
  • Kingdom of Italy (Savoia, King Vittorio Emanuele II)
  • Kingdom Lombardo-Veneto
    Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

    The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia was a kingdom in northern Italy, and part of the Austrian Empire. It was established after the defeat of Napoleon, according to the decisions of the Congress of Vienna, on 9 June 1815....
     (to Austria; incorporated into Italy 1866)
  • Republic of San Marino
  • Trentino-Alto Adige, Gorizia
    Gorizia

    Gorizia is a town in northeastern Italy, at the foot of the Alps and bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce....
     and Trieste
    Trieste

    Trieste is a city and port in northeastern Italy very near to the Slovenian border, to the North, East, and South. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste on the Adriatic Sea....
     (part of the Austrian Empire, incorporated into Italy 1918)
  • Kingdom of Tavolara
    Kingdom of Tavolara

    The Kingdom of Tavolara was a small independent state existing in the 19th and 20th centuries in Tavolara island, off the northeast coast of Sardinia....
    , private kingdom of the Bertoleoni
    Bertoleoni

    Bertoleoni is the ruling family of the Kingdom of Tavolara , which supposedly was the smallest kingdom of the world .Charles Albert of Sardinia, King of Sardinia, appointed Giuseppe Bertoleoni king of Tavolara in 1836....
     family established in 1836, recognized first by Sardinia, then by Italy