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The County of Nice or Niçard Country (French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
: Comté de Nice / Pays Niçois, Italian
Italian language

Italian is a Romance languages spoken by about 63 million people as a first language, primarily in Italy. In Switzerland, Italian is one of four Linguistic geography of Switzerlands....
: Contea di Nizza/Paese Nizzardo, Niçard
Niçard

Ni?ard , Nissart/Ni?art , Ni?ois , or Nizzardo is a distinct subdialect of the Occitan language spoken in the city of Nice and in the historical County of Nice ....
 Occitan
Occitan language

Occitan , known also as Lenga d'?c or Langue d'oc is a Romance languages spoken in Occitania, that is, Southern France, the Occitan Valleys of Italy, Monaco and in the Aran Valley of Spain....
: Comtat de Niça/País Niçard) is a historical region of Occitania
Occitania

Occitania is the territory where Occitan language is the traditional language in use. This cultural area is mostly located in south France, includes Monaco, spans parts of Italy and Spain ....
 (and France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 since 1860), located in the south-eastern part, around the city of Nice
Nice

Nice is a city in Southern France France located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, between Marseille, France, and Genoa, Italy, with 1,197,751 inhabitants in the 2007 estimate....
. Its territory lies between the Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea or Ocean off the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia....
 (Côte d'Azur), Var River
Var River

The Var is a river located in the southeast of France. The name Var originates from the Ligurian language word for waterway.The Var flows through the Alpes-Maritimes d?partement in France for most of its length, with a short stretch in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence d?partement....
 and the southernmost crest of the Alps
Alps

The Alps is the name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east; through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany; to France in the west....
. It was initially a part of the ancient County of Provence, then it became in 1388 a part of the Duchy of Savoy
Duchy of Savoy

From 1416 to 1714, the territories of the House of Savoy were known as the Duchy of Savoy . The Duchy was a state in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, with some territories that are now in France....
 (that became the Kingdom of Sardinia
Kingdom of Sardinia

Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austrian Empire....
 in 1720).






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The County of Nice or Niçard Country (French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
: Comté de Nice / Pays Niçois, Italian
Italian language

Italian is a Romance languages spoken by about 63 million people as a first language, primarily in Italy. In Switzerland, Italian is one of four Linguistic geography of Switzerlands....
: Contea di Nizza/Paese Nizzardo, Niçard
Niçard

Ni?ard , Nissart/Ni?art , Ni?ois , or Nizzardo is a distinct subdialect of the Occitan language spoken in the city of Nice and in the historical County of Nice ....
 Occitan
Occitan language

Occitan , known also as Lenga d'?c or Langue d'oc is a Romance languages spoken in Occitania, that is, Southern France, the Occitan Valleys of Italy, Monaco and in the Aran Valley of Spain....
: Comtat de Niça/País Niçard) is a historical region of Occitania
Occitania

Occitania is the territory where Occitan language is the traditional language in use. This cultural area is mostly located in south France, includes Monaco, spans parts of Italy and Spain ....
 (and France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 since 1860), located in the south-eastern part, around the city of Nice
Nice

Nice is a city in Southern France France located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, between Marseille, France, and Genoa, Italy, with 1,197,751 inhabitants in the 2007 estimate....
. Its territory lies between the Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea or Ocean off the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia....
 (Côte d'Azur), Var River
Var River

The Var is a river located in the southeast of France. The name Var originates from the Ligurian language word for waterway.The Var flows through the Alpes-Maritimes d?partement in France for most of its length, with a short stretch in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence d?partement....
 and the southernmost crest of the Alps
Alps

The Alps is the name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east; through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany; to France in the west....
. It was initially a part of the ancient County of Provence, then it became in 1388 a part of the Duchy of Savoy
Duchy of Savoy

From 1416 to 1714, the territories of the House of Savoy were known as the Duchy of Savoy . The Duchy was a state in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, with some territories that are now in France....
 (that became the Kingdom of Sardinia
Kingdom of Sardinia

Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austrian Empire....
 in 1720). The region received the name County of Nice during the fifteenth century, after being integrated into Savoy. From 1388 to 1861 the history of the County of Nice was fully integrated with the history of Italy. Its historical capital city is Nice
Nice

Nice is a city in Southern France France located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, between Marseille, France, and Genoa, Italy, with 1,197,751 inhabitants in the 2007 estimate....
.

It was annexed to France in 1860, during the Italian Wars of Independence, in exchange for French military help against Austria. Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi

Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italians military and political figure. In his twenties, he joined the Carbonari Italian patriot revolutionaries, and had to flee Italy after a failed insurrection....
, who was born in Nice, strongly opposed the cession of the Nizzardo to France, arguing that was not done with "universal" vote; in 1866 there were popular riots in the city, promoted by "Garibaldini" in favor of the unification of Nice with Italy.

The Italian Irredentism
Italia irredenta

Italian irredentism was an Italy nationalist Irredentism movement that aimed to complete the Italian unification of all ethnically Italian peoples....
 has claimed the County because of the former sovereignty of Savoy, which was the core of the Italian state; nevertheless, the local language of the County of Nice is Niçard
Niçard

Ni?ard , Nissart/Ni?art , Ni?ois , or Nizzardo is a distinct subdialect of the Occitan language spoken in the city of Nice and in the historical County of Nice ....
. During World War II Nice was included administratively in the Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Italy

There have been several distinct entities known as the Kingdom of Italy. Italy under the rule of Odoacer from 476 to 493 is often called the kingdom of Italy, since it encompassed the Italia and Odoacer is periodically styled rex ....
.

Since 1861 the County has matched with the Arrondissement of Nice
Arrondissement of Nice

The arrondissement of Nice is an Arrondissements of France of France, located in the Alpes-Maritimes Departments of France, in the Provence-Alpes-C?te d'Azur Regions of France....
 that is the biggest part of the the Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes

Alpes-Maritimes is a departments of France in the extreme southeast corner of France....
 department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Provence-Alpes-C?te d'Azur is one of the 26 Regions of France of France. It is made up of:*the former French Provinces of France of Provence...
 region
Régions of France

France is divided into 26 regions or r?gions , of which 21 are in continental metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, and four lie overseas....
. Nevertheless the name County of Nice is still used today for this cultural and historical region that has kept its whole personality.

Population amounted to 506,694 inhabitants in 1999.

See also

  • Bishopric of Nice
    Bishopric of Nice

    The Roman Catholic Diocese of Nice is a diocese of the Latin rite of the Roman Catholic church in France. The diocese comprises the D?partment of Alpes-Maritimes....
  • Provence
    Provence

    Provence is a region of southeastern France on the Mediterranean adjacent to Italy. It is part of the administrative regions of France of Provence-Alpes-C?te d'Azur....
  • Italia irredenta
    Italia irredenta

    Italian irredentism was an Italy nationalist Irredentism movement that aimed to complete the Italian unification of all ethnically Italian peoples....
  • Nizzardo Italians
    Nizzardo Italians

    Nizzardo Italians were the Italian language- and Ligurian language-speaking populations of the County of Nice , who formed the majority of the county's population until the mid-19th century....


Sources


  • Amicucci, Ermanno. Nizza e l’Italia. Mondadori Editore. Milano, 1939.
  • Barelli Hervé, Rocca Roger. Histoire de l'identité niçoise, Nice: Serre, 1995. ISBN 2-84410-223-4


External links

(oc)