This
timeline-Uses of timelines:Timelines are often used in education to help students and researchers with understanding events and trends for a particular subject.-History:...
summarizes significant events in the history of
NorthumbriaNorthumbria or Northhumbria was a medieval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now north-east England and southern Scotland, becoming subsequently an earldom in a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England. The name reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory: the Humber...
and
NorthumberlandNorthumberland is a ceremonial county and unitary district in the North East of England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east, as well as having a border with the Scottish Borders council area to the north, and nearly eighty miles of North...
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- 604
- Byzantine Empire :* The Sassanids destroy the Byzantine fortress of Dara.- Europe :* Saebert succeeds Sledda as King of Essex.* Theudebert II and Theuderic II defeat Clotaire II in battle.* Aethelfrith of Northumbria unites Deira and Bernicia....
AethelfrithÆthelfrith was King of Bernicia from c. 593 until c. 616; he was also, beginning c. 604, the first Bernician king to also rule Deira, to the south of Bernicia. Since Deira and Bernicia were the two basic components of what would later be defined as Northumbria, Æthelfrith can be considered, in...
unites BerniciaBernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England....
and Deira to form Northumbria.
- 625
- Religion :* March 23 – Battle of Uhud , which they consider a victory.* October 27—Pope Honorius I succeeds Pope Boniface V as the 70th pope.- Births :* Adamnan, abbot of Iona* Empress Wu Zetian of China...
PaulinusPaulinus was a Roman missionary and the first Bishop of York. A member of the Gregorian mission sent in 601 by Pope Gregory I to convert the Anglo-Saxons from their indigenous Anglo-Saxon paganism to Christianity, Paulinus arrived in England by 604 with the second missionary group...
is consecrated as Bishop of York.
- 638
-Asia:* The Muslims capture Jerusalem and Akko.* In Central Asia, Emperor Taizong's campaign against Tufan results in the marriage alliance between the Tang Dynasty and the Tibetan Empire, as the Chinese Princess Wencheng is wed to Tibetan ruler Songtsän Gampo....
GododdinThe Gododdin were a Brittonic people of north-eastern Britain in the sub-Roman period, the area known as the Hen Ogledd or Old North...
hillfort at EdinburghEdinburgh is the capital city of Scotland. It is the second largest Scottish city, after Glasgow, and the seventh-most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas....
is captured by Edwin of NorthumbriaSaint Edwin was the King of Deira and Bernicia - which would later become known as Northumbria - from about 616 until his death...
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- 664
-Asia:* Arab armies conquer Kabul. * Kuo Wu Tsung of Tang comes to Japan and spends 7 months there.-Births:* Shangguan Wan'er, female Chinese poet and official of the Tang Dynasty -Asia:* Arab armies conquer Kabul. * Kuo Wu Tsung of Tang comes to Japan and spends 7 months there.-Births:* Shangguan...
Synod of WhitbyThe Synod of Whitby was a seventh century Northumbriansynod where King Oswiu of Northumbria ruled that his kingdom would calculate Easter and observe the monastic tonsure according to the customs of Rome, rather than the customs practised by Iona and its satellite institutions...
- 664
-Asia:* Arab armies conquer Kabul. * Kuo Wu Tsung of Tang comes to Japan and spends 7 months there.-Births:* Shangguan Wan'er, female Chinese poet and official of the Tang Dynasty -Asia:* Arab armies conquer Kabul. * Kuo Wu Tsung of Tang comes to Japan and spends 7 months there.-Births:* Shangguan...
Plague in British Isles travels at least as far north as LastinghamLastingham is a village and civil parish which lies in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. It is on the southern fringe of the North York Moors, five miles north east of Kirkbymoorside, one and a half miles to the east of Hutton-le-Hole. It was home to the early missionaries to the...
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- 685
- Byzantine Empire :* Justinian II succeeds Constantine IV as emperor of the Byzantine Empire.* Having defeated Avars in Srem, Tervel's uncle leads Hungarian Bulgar Sermisianoi migrating to Keramissian plain in Macedonia.- Europe :...
Loss to PictsThe Picts were a confederation of tribes living in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from before the Roman conquest of Britain until the 10th century. They lived to the north of the Forth and Clyde rivers, and spoke the extinct Pictish language, thought to have been related to...
at Battle of Dunnichen (Nechtansmere) limits northern expansion.
- 687
- Europe :* King Theuderic III of Neustria is defeated by Pepin of Herstal, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, at the Battle of Tertry near Péronne in modern France...
CuthbertSt Cuthbert of Lindisfarne was an Anglo-Saxon monk and bishop in the Kingdom of Northumbria which at that time included, in modern terms, north east England and south east Scotland as far as the Firth of Forth. Afterwards he became one of the most important medieval saints of England, with...
, patron saint of Northumbria, dies at his Inner Farne IslandThe Farne Islands are a group of islands off the coast of Northumberland, England. There are between 15 and 20 or more islands depending on the state of the tide. They are scattered about 2.5–7.5 km distant from the mainland, divided into two groups, the Inner Group and the Outer Group...
hermitage.
- 709
-Europe:* Saelred becomes king of Essex.* Ceolred becomes king of Mercia, after his cousin Cenred abdicates to become a monk in Rome.-Births:* Emperor Kōnin of Japan * Yan Zhenqing, renowned Chinese calligrapher and governor...
AccaSaint Acca , Bishop of Hexham.Born in Northumbria, Acca first served in the household of Bosa, the future Bishop of York, but later attached himself to Saint Wilfrid, possibly as early as 678, and accompanied him on his travels...
is appointed as Bishop of HexhamThis page is for the Saxon bishopric at Hexham - for the modern Catholic diocese, see Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle.The Bishop of Hexham was a bishopric in the early English church.-History:...
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- 715
-Europe:* September 26—Battle of Compiègne: Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald, becoming mayor of the palace of Neustria and Burgundy.-Asia:* Empress Gemmei of Japan is succeeded by Empress Genshō.* A major earthquake hits Turkey...
Eadfrith creates the Lindisfarne GospelsThe Lindisfarne Gospels is an illuminated Latin manuscript of the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John in the British Library. The manuscript was produced on Lindisfarne in Northumbria in the late 7th century or early 8th century, and is generally regarded as the finest example of the kingdom's...
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- 731
-Religion:* Pope Gregory III elected by acclamation as the 90th pope during the funeral procession for Pope Gregory II; he was consecrated bishop a month later.* Pope Gregory III condemns Iconoclasm....
BedeBede , also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or Beda , was a monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth, today part of Sunderland, England, and of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow , both in the Kingdom of Northumbria.He is well known as an author and...
writes the Ecclesiastical History of the English People at JarrowJarrow is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne and has a population of 27,526.-Foundation:The Angles re-occupied a 1st century Roman fort on the site of Jarrow in the 5th century Its name is recorded around AD 750 as Gyruum, representing Old English [æt] Gyrwum =...
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- 735
-Events:* A smallpox epidemic starts in Ancient Japan, which reduces the population by 30%.* In Tang Dynasty China, by this year there was 149,685,400 kg of grain shipped annually along the Grand Canal of China.-Births:...
AlcuinAlcuin of York or Ealhwine, nicknamed Albinus or Flaccus was a scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Ecgbert at York...
of YorkYork is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence....
is born, later a major figure in the Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian Renaissance was a period of intellectual and cultural revival occurring in the late eighth and ninth centuries, with the peak of the activities occurring during the reigns of the Carolingian rulers Charlemagne and Louis the Pious. During this period there was an increase of...
under CharlemagneCharlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 to his death. He expanded the Frankish kingdoms into a Frankish Empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe...
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- 793
-Europe:* June 8 – Viking age: Vikings sack the monastery of Lindisfarne, Northumbria, their first major attack in England.* February 22 – Sicga dies.* The Frisian–Frankish wars came to an end with the last uprising of the Frisians in 793....
Vikings raid LindisfarneLindisfarne is a tidal island off the north-east coast of England also known as Holy Island, the name of the civil parish. The name Lindisfarne derives from Farne meaning "retreat" and Lindis, a small tidal river adjacent to the island. It has a population of 162...
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- 794
-Asia:* Kyoto becomes the Japanese capital, ending the Nara period, and beginning the Heian period.-Europe:* Council of Frankfurt: oldest known mentioning of Frankfurt.* Vikings sack the Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey....
Vikings raid JarrowJarrow is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne and has a population of 27,526.-Foundation:The Angles re-occupied a 1st century Roman fort on the site of Jarrow in the 5th century Its name is recorded around AD 750 as Gyruum, representing Old English [æt] Gyrwum =...
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- 829
-Europe:* Egbert of Wessex conquers Mercia and is recognized as Bretwalda.* The Saracens ravage the coast of Dalmatia.* Oldest known mention of the city of Wiesbaden .* synod of Mainz-Byzantine Empire:...
Northumbria accepts Egbert of WessexEgbert was King of Wessex from 802 until 839. His father was Ealhmund of Kent. In the 780s Egbert was forced into exile by Offa of Mercia and Beorhtric of Wessex, but on Beorhtric's death in 802 Egbert returned and took the throne.Little is known of the first twenty years of Egbert's reign, but...
as overlord.
- 865
-Europe:* Ethelred succeeds as king of Wessex .* Louis the German divides his kingdom among his sons.* Lothair, threatened with excommunication, takes back his first wife, Theutberga.* Bulgaria under Boris I converts to Orthodox Christianity.-Asia:...
Northumbrians led by Aelle IIÆlla or Ælle was king of Northumbria in the middle of the 9th century. Sources on Northumbrian history in this period are limited. Ælla's descent is not known and the dating of his reign is problematic. He is a major character in the saga Ragnarssona þáttr .-Chronicles:Ælla became king after...
defeat Ragnar LodbrokRagnar Lodbrok was a Norse legendary hero from the Viking Age who was thoroughly reshaped in Old Norse poetry and legendary sagas....
's raiding SwedesSwedes are a Scandinavian people, mostly inhabiting Sweden and the other Nordic countries, with descendants living in a number of countries....
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- 866
-Asia:* Fujiwara no Yoshifusa becomes regent of Japan, starting the Fujiwara regentship.-Europe:* Alfonso III succeeds as king of Asturias.* Louis II beats the Saracen invaders in Italy....
YorkYork is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence....
and southern Northumbria are conquered and settled by the "Great Heathen ArmyThe "Great Heathen Army", also known as the Great Army or the Great Danish Army, was a Viking army originating in Denmark which pillaged and conquered much of England in the late 9th century. The army was exceptionally large for the period, probably containing several thousand fighters...
."
- 867
-Byzantine Empire:* September—Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.* Macedonian dynasty is started.-Religion:*September—Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople is removed from office and banished; Ignatius is patriarch of Constantinople once again....
Aelle IIÆlla or Ælle was king of Northumbria in the middle of the 9th century. Sources on Northumbrian history in this period are limited. Ælla's descent is not known and the dating of his reign is problematic. He is a major character in the saga Ragnarssona þáttr .-Chronicles:Ælla became king after...
and Osbeorht join forces only to be defeated at the Battle of York.
- 915
-Asia:* The kings of Goryeo and Silla send emissaries to Abaoji of the Khitan while he is encamped on the banks of the Yalu River.-Births:* William III of Aquitaine* Abu Shakur Balkhi, Persian poet* Vratislaus I of Bohemia...
Ealdred I of BerniciaEaldred was the son of Eadwulf. He was a ruler or nobleman in Northumbria in the early tenth century.Ealdred's father, called "king of the Saxons of the North" by the Annals of Ulster, but only reeve of Bamburgh by the chronicler Æthelweard , died in 913. He may have been ruler of Northumbria...
and Constantine II of ScotlandConstantine, son of Áed was an early King of Scotland, known then by the Gaelic name Alba...
are defeated by Vikings in the first Battle of CorbridgeIn the history of Britain, there were two closely related Battles of Corbridge:*First Battle of Corbridge in 915*Second Battle of Corbridge in 918...
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- 927
-Asia:* The Chu State is founded by Ma Yin.* Korea: Hubaekje sacks the Silla capital of Gyeongju and places King Gyeongsun on the throne.* Hubaekje and Goryeo forces fight near Daegu; the Goryeo army is routed.-Europe:...
Earldom of Northumbria is created by Athelstan.
- 937
-Europe:* Battle of Brunanburh: King Athelstan of England defeats the Viking king of Dublin, the Scots, and Strathclyde.* September 21 – Magdeburg is now the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, after a Diet held by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.-Asia:...
Athelstan defeats Norse-Celtic force in the battle of BrunanburhThe Battle of Brunanburh was an English victory in 937 by the army of Æthelstan, King of England, and his brother, Edmund, over the combined armies of Olaf III Guthfrithson, Norse-Gael King of Dublin, Constantine II, King of Scots, and Owen I, King of Strathclyde.Mention is also made in some...
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- 954
-Europe:* King Máel Coluim I of Scotland is killed in battle against the Highlanders. He is succeeded by Indulf I of Scotland.* Chateau Chinon is built by Theobald I of Blois.* On the death of Eric Bloodaxe, Edred becomes the first king of all England....
EdinburghEdinburgh is the capital city of Scotland. It is the second largest Scottish city, after Glasgow, and the seventh-most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas....
is lost to Scottish king Indulf.
- 995
-Europe:* Erik Segersäll is succeeded by Olof Skötkonung, the first baptized ruler of Sweden .* Basil II lifts the siege of Aleppo by mounting his entire army and transferring it across Anatolia in sixteen days....
Monks from Lindisfarne establish DurhamDurham is a city in the North East of England. It is within the County Durham local government district, and is the county town of the larger ceremonial county....
- 1018 Lothian
Lothian forms a traditional region of Scotland, lying between the southern shore of the Firth of Forth and the Lammermuir Hills....
is lost to Scottish king Malcolm II.
- 1065 The term Northumberland is first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The annals were initially created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great. Multiple manuscript copies were made and distributed to monasteries...
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- 1069 William I
William I , better known as William the Conqueror, was Duke of Normandy from AD 1035 and King of England from late 1066 to his death. William is sometimes also referred to as "William II" in relation to his position as the second Duke of Normandy of that name...
ruthlessly suppresses Northumbrian opposition in the harrowing of the North.
- 1080 Normans
The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. They descended from Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of mostly Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock...
fortify a town on the TyneThe River Tyne is a river in northeast England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers: the North Tyne and the South Tyne. These two rivers converge at Warden Rock near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'....
, thereafter known as Newcastle.
- 1089 Northumberland county is created.
- 1137 Newminster Abbey
Newminster Abbey was a Cistercian abbey in Northumberland in the north of England. The site is protected by Grade II listed building and Scheduled Ancient Monument status...
is founded near MorpethMorpeth is the county town of Northumberland, England. It is situated on the River Wansbeck which flows east through the town. The town is a mile from the A1, which bypasses it. Since 1981, it has been the administrative centre of the County of Northumberland. In the 2001 census the town had a...
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- 1139 Matilda
Empress Matilda, also known as Matilda of England or Maude was the daughter and heir of King Henry I of England. Matilda and her younger brother, William Adelin, were the only legitimate children of King Henry...
grants Northumberland north of the TeesThe Tees is a river in Northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the Pennines, and flows eastwards for about 85 miles to reach the North Sea between Hartlepool and Redcar. It drains an area of 708 square miles and subsumes no important tributaries...
to David I of ScotlandDavid I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians and later King of the Scots . The youngest son of Malcolm III and Margaret, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093...
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- 1143 Castle is built at Northallerton
Northallerton is a market town and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Vale of Mowbray and at the northern end of the Vale of York. It has a population of 15,741 according to the 2001 census...
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- 1157 Henry II
Henry II, called Curtmantle ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France...
reclaims Northumberland from ScotlandThe High Middle Ages of Scotland encompass Scotland in the era between the death of Domnall II in 900 AD and the death of king Alexander III in 1286. Alexander's death was an indirect cause of the Scottish Wars of Independence....
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- 1160 Castle is built at Norham
Norham is a village in Northumberland, England, just south of the River Tweed and the border with Scotland.It is the site of the 12th century Norham Castle, and was for many years the centre for the Norhamshire exclave of County Durham...
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- 1174 While besieging Alnwick
Alnwick Alnwick Alnwick ( is a small market town in north Northumberland, England. The towns population was just over 8000 at the time of the 2001 census and Alnwick's district population was 31,029....
, William I of ScotlandWilliam I , known as the Lion or Garbh, "the Rough", reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. His reign was the second longest in Scottish history before the Act of Union with England in 1707,...
is captured and imprisoned in NewcastleNewcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England...
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- 1216 King John
John , King of England, reigned from 6 April 1199 until his death. He acceded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I, who died without issue...
orders destruction of Berwick-upon-TweedBerwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
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- 1237 The Treaty of York
The Treaty of York was an agreement between Henry III of England and Alexander II of Scotland, signed at York on 25 September 1237. It detailed the future status of several feudal properties and addressed other issues between the two kings, and indirectly marked the end of Scotland's attempts to...
defines the northern border of EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
and NorthumberlandNorthumberland is a ceremonial county and unitary district in the North East of England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east, as well as having a border with the Scottish Borders council area to the north, and nearly eighty miles of North...
county.
- 1296 English force sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed prior to defeating Scots in the Battle of Dunbar
The Battle of Dunbar was the first and last significant field action in the campaign of 1296...
- 1297 Scots led by William Wallace
Sir William Wallace was a Scottish knight and landowner who is known for leading a resistance during the Wars of Scottish Independence and is today remembered in Scotland as a patriot and national hero....
burn HexhamHexham is a market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne, and was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district in Northumberland from 1974–2009. Hexham is one of three major towns in Tynedale along with Prudhoe and Haltwhistle, although in terms of population,...
, Corbridge Corbridge is a village in Northumberland, England, situated west of Newcastle and east of Hexham. Villages in the vicinity include Halton, Acomb, Aydon and Sandhoe.-Roman fort and town:...
and RytonRyton is a semi-rural small town near the western border of Tyne and Wear, England. Once an independent town in County Durham it became incorporated into the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear and the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead in 1974. It has a population of 15,742.- History...
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- 1333 Edward III
Edward III was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe...
, besieging Berwick-upon-TweedBerwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
, defeats Scots in the Battle of Halidon HillBattle of Halidon Hill was fought during the Second War of Scottish Independence. Scottish forces under Sir Archibald Douglas were heavily defeated on unfavourable terrain while trying to relieve Berwick-upon-Tweed.-The Disinherited:...
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- 1346 Scottish force sacks Hexham
Hexham is a market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne, and was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district in Northumberland from 1974–2009. Hexham is one of three major towns in Tynedale along with Prudhoe and Haltwhistle, although in terms of population,...
prior to defeat at the Battle of Neville's CrossThe Battle of Neville's Cross took place to the west of Durham, England on 17 October 1346.-Background:By mid 1346, it was obvious that the English under Edward III had every intention of breaking the Truce of Malestroit and resuming the Hundred Years' War with France...
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- 1349 Black Plague
The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, but this view has recently been challenged...
- 1377 Henry Percy
Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland , was the son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy and a descendent of Henry III of England. His mother was Mary of Lancaster, daughter of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster, who was the son of Henry III...
becomes first Earl of NorthumberlandThe title of Earl of Northumberland was created several times in the Peerages of England and Great Britain, succeeding the title Earl of Northumbria. Its most famous holders were the House of Percy , who were the most powerful noble family in Northern England for much of the Middle Ages...
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- 1388 Battle of Otterburn
The Battle of Otterburn took place according to Scottish sources on 5 August 1388, or 19 August according to English sources, as part of the continuing border war between England and Scotland. Partly fought in moonlight, it was a victory for the Scots, led by James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas,...
- 1402 Battle of Humbleton Hill
The Battle of Humbleton Hill was a conflict between the English and Scottish armies on September 14, 1402 in Northumberland England. Led by Archibald, Earl of Douglas, the Scottish army had invaded England on a pillaging expedition in part to avenge the killing and capture of Scottish nobles in...
- 1403 Henry "Hotspur" Percy
Sir Henry Percy, also called Harry Hotspur was the eldest son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Lord Percy of Alnwick. His mother was Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby and Alice de Audley. His nickname, 'Hotspur', is suggestive of his impulsive...
is killed at ShrewsburyThe Battle of Shrewsbury was a battle fought on July 21, 1403, waged between an army led by the Lancastrian King, Henry IV, and a rebel army led by Henry "Hotspur" Percy from Northumberland....
in battle against Henry IVHenry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . Like other kings of England, at that time, he also claimed the title of King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry Bolingbroke...
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- 1464 Battle of Hedgeley Moor
The Battle of Hedgeley Moor, 25 April 1464, was a battle of the Wars of the Roses. It was fought at Hedgeley Moor, north of the village of Glanton in Northumberland, between a Yorkist army led by John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu and a Lancastrian army led by the Duke of Somerset...
- 1482 Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
last re-captured by England.
- 1513 English defeat invading Scots at Battle of Flodden Field
The Battle of Flodden or Flodden Field was fought in the county of Northumberland in northern England on 9 September 1513, between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey...
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- 1549 John Knox
John Knox was a Scottish clergyman and leader of the Protestant Reformation who is considered the founder of the Presbyterian denomination. He was educated at the University of St Andrews and worked as a notary-priest. Influenced by early church reformers such as George Wishart, he joined the...
appointed parish minister in Berwick-upon-TweedBerwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
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- 1551 John Dudley
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland was a Tudor general, admiral and politician, who de facto ruled England in the latter half of King Edward VI's reign...
becomes first Duke of NorthumberlandThe Duke of Northumberland is a title in the peerage of Great Britain has been created several times. It is chiefly associated with the Percy family.-1551 creation:The title Duke of Northumberland was created in 1551 for John Dudley....
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- 1569 Earl of Northumberland
Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland KG led the Rising of the North and was executed for treason. He was later Beatified by the Catholic Church.-Early life :...
rebels against Elizabeth I in the Rising of the NorthThe Rising of the North, Revolt of the Northern Earls or Northern Rebellion was an unsuccessful uprising against Elizabeth I of England in 1569 by Catholics of Northern England. Its objective was the deposition of Elizabeth and coronation of Mary I of Scotland as Queen of England...
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- 1597 Plague
The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, but this view has recently been challenged...
kills 340 in Newcastle.
- 1603 Union of crowns under James I
James VI & I was King of Scots as James VI from 1567 to 1625, and King of England and Ireland as James I from 1603 to 1625....
- 1606 James I transports Border Reivers
Border Reivers were raiders along the Anglo–Scottish border from the late 13th century to the end of the 16th century. Their ranks consisted of both Scottish and English families, and they raided the entire border country without regard to their victims' nationality...
to IrelandIreland is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland, separated by the Irish Sea, is the island of Great Britain...
in the Plantation of UlsterThe Plantation of Ulster was the organised colonisation of Ulster by people from Britain. Private plantation by wealthy landowners began in 1606, while official plantation controlled by the monarchy began in 1609. All land owned by Irish chieftains the Ó Neills and Ó Donnells were confiscated...
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- 1640 Scottish Covenanters defeat English force in the Battle of Newburn
The Battle of Newburn was fought on 28 August 1640 during the Second Bishops' War between a Scottish Covenanter army led by General Alexander Leslie and English royalist forces commanded by Edward, Lord Conway. Conway, heavily outnumbered, was defeated, and the Scots went on to occupy the port of...
- 1649 14 women are convicted and executed in Newcastle witch trial
A witch trial is a legal proceeding that is part of a witch-hunt. * Witch trials in Early Modern Europe, 15th–18th centuries** Salzburg witch trials - 1675-1690, Salzburg, Austria** Spa witch trial - 1616, Belgium...
s.
- 1707 Act of Union joins the Scottish government with that of England and Wales
England and Wales is a legal unit within the United Kingdom. It consists of England and Wales, two of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Unlike Scotland and Northern Ireland, England and Wales follow the legal system known as English law, and the two form the constitutional successor to the...
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- 1745 Scant Northumberland support for Bonnie Prince Charlie in the second Jacobite rising
The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the kingdoms of England, Scotland , and Ireland occurring between 1688 and 1746...
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- 1761 Troops in Hexham
Hexham is a market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne, and was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district in Northumberland from 1974–2009. Hexham is one of three major towns in Tynedale along with Prudhoe and Haltwhistle, although in terms of population,...
shoot 40 miners protesting against conscriptionConscription is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by an established authority. It is most often used in the specific sense of requiring citizens to serve in the armed forces...
.
- 1782 Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was an infantry regiment of the British Army. Originally raised in 1674, the regiment was amalgamated with three other fusilier regiments in 1968 to form the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.-Origins:...
named the 5th (The Northumberland) Regiment of Foot.
- 1800 Bewick
Thomas Bewick was an English wood engraver and ornithologist.Bewick was born at Cherryburn House in the village of Mickley, in the parish of Ovingham, Northumberland, England, near Newcastle upon Tyne on 12 August 1753. His father rented a small colliery at Mickley Bank, and sent his son to school...
publishes British Birds.
- 1829 Stephenson's Rocket
Stephenson's Rocket was an early steam locomotive of 0-2-2 wheel arrangement, built in Newcastle at the Forth Street Works of Robert Stephenson and Company in 1829.- Design innovations :The Rocket was not the first steam locomotive...
wins the Rainhill TrialsThe Rainhill Trials were an important competition in the early days of steam locomotive railways, run in October 1829 in Rainhill, Merseyside at the time in Lancashire ....
.
- 1838 Grace Darling
Grace Horsley Darling was an English Victorian heroine on the strength of a celebrated maritime rescue in 1838....
rescues survivors from a shipwreck off the Farne Islands.
- 1853 Cholera
Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Transmission to humans occurs through eating food or drinking water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae from other cholera patients...
epidemic kills 1,500 in Newcastle.
- 1903 Smallpox
Smallpox is an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning spotted, or varus, meaning "pimple"...
epidemic hits Newcastle.
- 1936 Two hundred men march from Jarrow
Jarrow is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne and has a population of 27,526.-Foundation:The Angles re-occupied a 1st century Roman fort on the site of Jarrow in the 5th century Its name is recorded around AD 750 as Gyruum, representing Old English [æt] Gyrwum =...
to London[]London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. It has been a major settlement for two millennia, and the history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, when it was named Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, the 'square mile', retains its medieval boundaries...
to protest unemployment.
- 1940 Spitfires from RAF Acklington
The former Royal Air Force Station Acklington, commonly known as RAF Acklington, was a Royal Air Force airbase situated near Acklington, in Northumberland, England.During World War II it was a fighter station, operating as part of No...
intercept LuftwaffeLuftwaffe is a generic German term for an air force. It is also the official name for two of the four historic German air forces, the Wehrmacht air arm founded in 1933 and disbanded in 1946; and the current Bundeswehr air arm founded in 1956.Schweizer Luftwaffe is also the name of the Swiss Air...
bombers off the Farne IslandsThe Farne Islands are a group of islands off the coast of Northumberland, England. There are between 15 and 20 or more islands depending on the state of the tide. They are scattered about 2.5–7.5 km distant from the mainland, divided into two groups, the Inner Group and the Outer Group...
.
- 1963 University of Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle University is a major research-intensive university located in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north-east of England. It was established as a School of Medicine and Surgery in 1834 and became the University of Newcastle upon Tyne by an Act of Parliament in August 1963...
is established as separate institution.
- 1966 Epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease
Foot-and-mouth disease, FMD or hoof-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic animals such as cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs, as well as antelope, bison and other wild bovids, and deer...
strikes Northumberland farms.
- 1974 The county of Tyne and Wear
Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in North East England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972...
is created.
Discussion
Ask a question about 'Timeline of Northumbria and Northumberland' Start a new discussion about 'Timeline of Northumbria and Northumberland' Answer questions from other users |
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timeline-Uses of timelines:Timelines are often used in education to help students and researchers with understanding events and trends for a particular subject.-History:...
summarizes significant events in the history of
NorthumbriaNorthumbria or Northhumbria was a medieval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now north-east England and southern Scotland, becoming subsequently an earldom in a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England. The name reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory: the Humber...
and
NorthumberlandNorthumberland is a ceremonial county and unitary district in the North East of England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east, as well as having a border with the Scottish Borders council area to the north, and nearly eighty miles of North...
.
600
- 604
- Byzantine Empire :* The Sassanids destroy the Byzantine fortress of Dara.- Europe :* Saebert succeeds Sledda as King of Essex.* Theudebert II and Theuderic II defeat Clotaire II in battle.* Aethelfrith of Northumbria unites Deira and Bernicia....
AethelfrithÆthelfrith was King of Bernicia from c. 593 until c. 616; he was also, beginning c. 604, the first Bernician king to also rule Deira, to the south of Bernicia. Since Deira and Bernicia were the two basic components of what would later be defined as Northumbria, Æthelfrith can be considered, in...
unites BerniciaBernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England....
and Deira to form Northumbria.
- 625
- Religion :* March 23 – Battle of Uhud , which they consider a victory.* October 27—Pope Honorius I succeeds Pope Boniface V as the 70th pope.- Births :* Adamnan, abbot of Iona* Empress Wu Zetian of China...
PaulinusPaulinus was a Roman missionary and the first Bishop of York. A member of the Gregorian mission sent in 601 by Pope Gregory I to convert the Anglo-Saxons from their indigenous Anglo-Saxon paganism to Christianity, Paulinus arrived in England by 604 with the second missionary group...
is consecrated as Bishop of York.
- 638
-Asia:* The Muslims capture Jerusalem and Akko.* In Central Asia, Emperor Taizong's campaign against Tufan results in the marriage alliance between the Tang Dynasty and the Tibetan Empire, as the Chinese Princess Wencheng is wed to Tibetan ruler Songtsän Gampo....
GododdinThe Gododdin were a Brittonic people of north-eastern Britain in the sub-Roman period, the area known as the Hen Ogledd or Old North...
hillfort at EdinburghEdinburgh is the capital city of Scotland. It is the second largest Scottish city, after Glasgow, and the seventh-most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas....
is captured by Edwin of NorthumbriaSaint Edwin was the King of Deira and Bernicia - which would later become known as Northumbria - from about 616 until his death...
.
- 664
-Asia:* Arab armies conquer Kabul. * Kuo Wu Tsung of Tang comes to Japan and spends 7 months there.-Births:* Shangguan Wan'er, female Chinese poet and official of the Tang Dynasty -Asia:* Arab armies conquer Kabul. * Kuo Wu Tsung of Tang comes to Japan and spends 7 months there.-Births:* Shangguan...
Synod of WhitbyThe Synod of Whitby was a seventh century Northumbriansynod where King Oswiu of Northumbria ruled that his kingdom would calculate Easter and observe the monastic tonsure according to the customs of Rome, rather than the customs practised by Iona and its satellite institutions...
- 664
-Asia:* Arab armies conquer Kabul. * Kuo Wu Tsung of Tang comes to Japan and spends 7 months there.-Births:* Shangguan Wan'er, female Chinese poet and official of the Tang Dynasty -Asia:* Arab armies conquer Kabul. * Kuo Wu Tsung of Tang comes to Japan and spends 7 months there.-Births:* Shangguan...
Plague in British Isles travels at least as far north as LastinghamLastingham is a village and civil parish which lies in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. It is on the southern fringe of the North York Moors, five miles north east of Kirkbymoorside, one and a half miles to the east of Hutton-le-Hole. It was home to the early missionaries to the...
.
- 685
- Byzantine Empire :* Justinian II succeeds Constantine IV as emperor of the Byzantine Empire.* Having defeated Avars in Srem, Tervel's uncle leads Hungarian Bulgar Sermisianoi migrating to Keramissian plain in Macedonia.- Europe :...
Loss to PictsThe Picts were a confederation of tribes living in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from before the Roman conquest of Britain until the 10th century. They lived to the north of the Forth and Clyde rivers, and spoke the extinct Pictish language, thought to have been related to...
at Battle of Dunnichen (Nechtansmere) limits northern expansion.
- 687
- Europe :* King Theuderic III of Neustria is defeated by Pepin of Herstal, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, at the Battle of Tertry near Péronne in modern France...
CuthbertSt Cuthbert of Lindisfarne was an Anglo-Saxon monk and bishop in the Kingdom of Northumbria which at that time included, in modern terms, north east England and south east Scotland as far as the Firth of Forth. Afterwards he became one of the most important medieval saints of England, with...
, patron saint of Northumbria, dies at his Inner Farne IslandThe Farne Islands are a group of islands off the coast of Northumberland, England. There are between 15 and 20 or more islands depending on the state of the tide. They are scattered about 2.5–7.5 km distant from the mainland, divided into two groups, the Inner Group and the Outer Group...
hermitage.
700
- 709
-Europe:* Saelred becomes king of Essex.* Ceolred becomes king of Mercia, after his cousin Cenred abdicates to become a monk in Rome.-Births:* Emperor Kōnin of Japan * Yan Zhenqing, renowned Chinese calligrapher and governor...
AccaSaint Acca , Bishop of Hexham.Born in Northumbria, Acca first served in the household of Bosa, the future Bishop of York, but later attached himself to Saint Wilfrid, possibly as early as 678, and accompanied him on his travels...
is appointed as Bishop of HexhamThis page is for the Saxon bishopric at Hexham - for the modern Catholic diocese, see Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle.The Bishop of Hexham was a bishopric in the early English church.-History:...
.
- 715
-Europe:* September 26—Battle of Compiègne: Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald, becoming mayor of the palace of Neustria and Burgundy.-Asia:* Empress Gemmei of Japan is succeeded by Empress Genshō.* A major earthquake hits Turkey...
Eadfrith creates the Lindisfarne GospelsThe Lindisfarne Gospels is an illuminated Latin manuscript of the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John in the British Library. The manuscript was produced on Lindisfarne in Northumbria in the late 7th century or early 8th century, and is generally regarded as the finest example of the kingdom's...
.
- 731
-Religion:* Pope Gregory III elected by acclamation as the 90th pope during the funeral procession for Pope Gregory II; he was consecrated bishop a month later.* Pope Gregory III condemns Iconoclasm....
BedeBede , also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or Beda , was a monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth, today part of Sunderland, England, and of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow , both in the Kingdom of Northumbria.He is well known as an author and...
writes the Ecclesiastical History of the English People at JarrowJarrow is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne and has a population of 27,526.-Foundation:The Angles re-occupied a 1st century Roman fort on the site of Jarrow in the 5th century Its name is recorded around AD 750 as Gyruum, representing Old English [æt] Gyrwum =...
.
- 735
-Events:* A smallpox epidemic starts in Ancient Japan, which reduces the population by 30%.* In Tang Dynasty China, by this year there was 149,685,400 kg of grain shipped annually along the Grand Canal of China.-Births:...
AlcuinAlcuin of York or Ealhwine, nicknamed Albinus or Flaccus was a scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Ecgbert at York...
of YorkYork is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence....
is born, later a major figure in the Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian Renaissance was a period of intellectual and cultural revival occurring in the late eighth and ninth centuries, with the peak of the activities occurring during the reigns of the Carolingian rulers Charlemagne and Louis the Pious. During this period there was an increase of...
under CharlemagneCharlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 to his death. He expanded the Frankish kingdoms into a Frankish Empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe...
.
- 793
-Europe:* June 8 – Viking age: Vikings sack the monastery of Lindisfarne, Northumbria, their first major attack in England.* February 22 – Sicga dies.* The Frisian–Frankish wars came to an end with the last uprising of the Frisians in 793....
Vikings raid LindisfarneLindisfarne is a tidal island off the north-east coast of England also known as Holy Island, the name of the civil parish. The name Lindisfarne derives from Farne meaning "retreat" and Lindis, a small tidal river adjacent to the island. It has a population of 162...
.
- 794
-Asia:* Kyoto becomes the Japanese capital, ending the Nara period, and beginning the Heian period.-Europe:* Council of Frankfurt: oldest known mentioning of Frankfurt.* Vikings sack the Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey....
Vikings raid JarrowJarrow is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne and has a population of 27,526.-Foundation:The Angles re-occupied a 1st century Roman fort on the site of Jarrow in the 5th century Its name is recorded around AD 750 as Gyruum, representing Old English [æt] Gyrwum =...
.
800
- 829
-Europe:* Egbert of Wessex conquers Mercia and is recognized as Bretwalda.* The Saracens ravage the coast of Dalmatia.* Oldest known mention of the city of Wiesbaden .* synod of Mainz-Byzantine Empire:...
Northumbria accepts Egbert of WessexEgbert was King of Wessex from 802 until 839. His father was Ealhmund of Kent. In the 780s Egbert was forced into exile by Offa of Mercia and Beorhtric of Wessex, but on Beorhtric's death in 802 Egbert returned and took the throne.Little is known of the first twenty years of Egbert's reign, but...
as overlord.
- 865
-Europe:* Ethelred succeeds as king of Wessex .* Louis the German divides his kingdom among his sons.* Lothair, threatened with excommunication, takes back his first wife, Theutberga.* Bulgaria under Boris I converts to Orthodox Christianity.-Asia:...
Northumbrians led by Aelle IIÆlla or Ælle was king of Northumbria in the middle of the 9th century. Sources on Northumbrian history in this period are limited. Ælla's descent is not known and the dating of his reign is problematic. He is a major character in the saga Ragnarssona þáttr .-Chronicles:Ælla became king after...
defeat Ragnar LodbrokRagnar Lodbrok was a Norse legendary hero from the Viking Age who was thoroughly reshaped in Old Norse poetry and legendary sagas....
's raiding SwedesSwedes are a Scandinavian people, mostly inhabiting Sweden and the other Nordic countries, with descendants living in a number of countries....
.
- 866
-Asia:* Fujiwara no Yoshifusa becomes regent of Japan, starting the Fujiwara regentship.-Europe:* Alfonso III succeeds as king of Asturias.* Louis II beats the Saracen invaders in Italy....
YorkYork is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence....
and southern Northumbria are conquered and settled by the "Great Heathen ArmyThe "Great Heathen Army", also known as the Great Army or the Great Danish Army, was a Viking army originating in Denmark which pillaged and conquered much of England in the late 9th century. The army was exceptionally large for the period, probably containing several thousand fighters...
."
- 867
-Byzantine Empire:* September—Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.* Macedonian dynasty is started.-Religion:*September—Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople is removed from office and banished; Ignatius is patriarch of Constantinople once again....
Aelle IIÆlla or Ælle was king of Northumbria in the middle of the 9th century. Sources on Northumbrian history in this period are limited. Ælla's descent is not known and the dating of his reign is problematic. He is a major character in the saga Ragnarssona þáttr .-Chronicles:Ælla became king after...
and Osbeorht join forces only to be defeated at the Battle of York.
900
- 915
-Asia:* The kings of Goryeo and Silla send emissaries to Abaoji of the Khitan while he is encamped on the banks of the Yalu River.-Births:* William III of Aquitaine* Abu Shakur Balkhi, Persian poet* Vratislaus I of Bohemia...
Ealdred I of BerniciaEaldred was the son of Eadwulf. He was a ruler or nobleman in Northumbria in the early tenth century.Ealdred's father, called "king of the Saxons of the North" by the Annals of Ulster, but only reeve of Bamburgh by the chronicler Æthelweard , died in 913. He may have been ruler of Northumbria...
and Constantine II of ScotlandConstantine, son of Áed was an early King of Scotland, known then by the Gaelic name Alba...
are defeated by Vikings in the first Battle of CorbridgeIn the history of Britain, there were two closely related Battles of Corbridge:*First Battle of Corbridge in 915*Second Battle of Corbridge in 918...
.
- 927
-Asia:* The Chu State is founded by Ma Yin.* Korea: Hubaekje sacks the Silla capital of Gyeongju and places King Gyeongsun on the throne.* Hubaekje and Goryeo forces fight near Daegu; the Goryeo army is routed.-Europe:...
Earldom of Northumbria is created by Athelstan.
- 937
-Europe:* Battle of Brunanburh: King Athelstan of England defeats the Viking king of Dublin, the Scots, and Strathclyde.* September 21 – Magdeburg is now the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, after a Diet held by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.-Asia:...
Athelstan defeats Norse-Celtic force in the battle of BrunanburhThe Battle of Brunanburh was an English victory in 937 by the army of Æthelstan, King of England, and his brother, Edmund, over the combined armies of Olaf III Guthfrithson, Norse-Gael King of Dublin, Constantine II, King of Scots, and Owen I, King of Strathclyde.Mention is also made in some...
.
- 954
-Europe:* King Máel Coluim I of Scotland is killed in battle against the Highlanders. He is succeeded by Indulf I of Scotland.* Chateau Chinon is built by Theobald I of Blois.* On the death of Eric Bloodaxe, Edred becomes the first king of all England....
EdinburghEdinburgh is the capital city of Scotland. It is the second largest Scottish city, after Glasgow, and the seventh-most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas....
is lost to Scottish king Indulf.
- 995
-Europe:* Erik Segersäll is succeeded by Olof Skötkonung, the first baptized ruler of Sweden .* Basil II lifts the siege of Aleppo by mounting his entire army and transferring it across Anatolia in sixteen days....
Monks from Lindisfarne establish DurhamDurham is a city in the North East of England. It is within the County Durham local government district, and is the county town of the larger ceremonial county....
1000
- 1018 Lothian
Lothian forms a traditional region of Scotland, lying between the southern shore of the Firth of Forth and the Lammermuir Hills....
is lost to Scottish king Malcolm II.
- 1065 The term Northumberland is first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The annals were initially created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great. Multiple manuscript copies were made and distributed to monasteries...
.
- 1069 William I
William I , better known as William the Conqueror, was Duke of Normandy from AD 1035 and King of England from late 1066 to his death. William is sometimes also referred to as "William II" in relation to his position as the second Duke of Normandy of that name...
ruthlessly suppresses Northumbrian opposition in the harrowing of the North.
- 1080 Normans
The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. They descended from Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of mostly Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock...
fortify a town on the TyneThe River Tyne is a river in northeast England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers: the North Tyne and the South Tyne. These two rivers converge at Warden Rock near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'....
, thereafter known as Newcastle.
- 1089 Northumberland county is created.
1100
- 1137 Newminster Abbey
Newminster Abbey was a Cistercian abbey in Northumberland in the north of England. The site is protected by Grade II listed building and Scheduled Ancient Monument status...
is founded near MorpethMorpeth is the county town of Northumberland, England. It is situated on the River Wansbeck which flows east through the town. The town is a mile from the A1, which bypasses it. Since 1981, it has been the administrative centre of the County of Northumberland. In the 2001 census the town had a...
.
- 1139 Matilda
Empress Matilda, also known as Matilda of England or Maude was the daughter and heir of King Henry I of England. Matilda and her younger brother, William Adelin, were the only legitimate children of King Henry...
grants Northumberland north of the TeesThe Tees is a river in Northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the Pennines, and flows eastwards for about 85 miles to reach the North Sea between Hartlepool and Redcar. It drains an area of 708 square miles and subsumes no important tributaries...
to David I of ScotlandDavid I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians and later King of the Scots . The youngest son of Malcolm III and Margaret, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093...
.
- 1143 Castle is built at Northallerton
Northallerton is a market town and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Vale of Mowbray and at the northern end of the Vale of York. It has a population of 15,741 according to the 2001 census...
.
- 1157 Henry II
Henry II, called Curtmantle ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France...
reclaims Northumberland from ScotlandThe High Middle Ages of Scotland encompass Scotland in the era between the death of Domnall II in 900 AD and the death of king Alexander III in 1286. Alexander's death was an indirect cause of the Scottish Wars of Independence....
.
- 1160 Castle is built at Norham
Norham is a village in Northumberland, England, just south of the River Tweed and the border with Scotland.It is the site of the 12th century Norham Castle, and was for many years the centre for the Norhamshire exclave of County Durham...
.
- 1174 While besieging Alnwick
Alnwick Alnwick Alnwick ( is a small market town in north Northumberland, England. The towns population was just over 8000 at the time of the 2001 census and Alnwick's district population was 31,029....
, William I of ScotlandWilliam I , known as the Lion or Garbh, "the Rough", reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. His reign was the second longest in Scottish history before the Act of Union with England in 1707,...
is captured and imprisoned in NewcastleNewcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England...
.
1200
- 1216 King John
John , King of England, reigned from 6 April 1199 until his death. He acceded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I, who died without issue...
orders destruction of Berwick-upon-TweedBerwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
.
- 1237 The Treaty of York
The Treaty of York was an agreement between Henry III of England and Alexander II of Scotland, signed at York on 25 September 1237. It detailed the future status of several feudal properties and addressed other issues between the two kings, and indirectly marked the end of Scotland's attempts to...
defines the northern border of EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
and NorthumberlandNorthumberland is a ceremonial county and unitary district in the North East of England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east, as well as having a border with the Scottish Borders council area to the north, and nearly eighty miles of North...
county.
- 1296 English force sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed prior to defeating Scots in the Battle of Dunbar
The Battle of Dunbar was the first and last significant field action in the campaign of 1296...
- 1297 Scots led by William Wallace
Sir William Wallace was a Scottish knight and landowner who is known for leading a resistance during the Wars of Scottish Independence and is today remembered in Scotland as a patriot and national hero....
burn HexhamHexham is a market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne, and was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district in Northumberland from 1974–2009. Hexham is one of three major towns in Tynedale along with Prudhoe and Haltwhistle, although in terms of population,...
, Corbridge Corbridge is a village in Northumberland, England, situated west of Newcastle and east of Hexham. Villages in the vicinity include Halton, Acomb, Aydon and Sandhoe.-Roman fort and town:...
and RytonRyton is a semi-rural small town near the western border of Tyne and Wear, England. Once an independent town in County Durham it became incorporated into the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear and the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead in 1974. It has a population of 15,742.- History...
.
1300
- 1333 Edward III
Edward III was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe...
, besieging Berwick-upon-TweedBerwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
, defeats Scots in the Battle of Halidon HillBattle of Halidon Hill was fought during the Second War of Scottish Independence. Scottish forces under Sir Archibald Douglas were heavily defeated on unfavourable terrain while trying to relieve Berwick-upon-Tweed.-The Disinherited:...
.
- 1346 Scottish force sacks Hexham
Hexham is a market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne, and was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district in Northumberland from 1974–2009. Hexham is one of three major towns in Tynedale along with Prudhoe and Haltwhistle, although in terms of population,...
prior to defeat at the Battle of Neville's CrossThe Battle of Neville's Cross took place to the west of Durham, England on 17 October 1346.-Background:By mid 1346, it was obvious that the English under Edward III had every intention of breaking the Truce of Malestroit and resuming the Hundred Years' War with France...
.
- 1349 Black Plague
The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, but this view has recently been challenged...
- 1377 Henry Percy
Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland , was the son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy and a descendent of Henry III of England. His mother was Mary of Lancaster, daughter of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster, who was the son of Henry III...
becomes first Earl of NorthumberlandThe title of Earl of Northumberland was created several times in the Peerages of England and Great Britain, succeeding the title Earl of Northumbria. Its most famous holders were the House of Percy , who were the most powerful noble family in Northern England for much of the Middle Ages...
.
- 1388 Battle of Otterburn
The Battle of Otterburn took place according to Scottish sources on 5 August 1388, or 19 August according to English sources, as part of the continuing border war between England and Scotland. Partly fought in moonlight, it was a victory for the Scots, led by James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas,...
1400
- 1402 Battle of Humbleton Hill
The Battle of Humbleton Hill was a conflict between the English and Scottish armies on September 14, 1402 in Northumberland England. Led by Archibald, Earl of Douglas, the Scottish army had invaded England on a pillaging expedition in part to avenge the killing and capture of Scottish nobles in...
- 1403 Henry "Hotspur" Percy
Sir Henry Percy, also called Harry Hotspur was the eldest son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Lord Percy of Alnwick. His mother was Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby and Alice de Audley. His nickname, 'Hotspur', is suggestive of his impulsive...
is killed at ShrewsburyThe Battle of Shrewsbury was a battle fought on July 21, 1403, waged between an army led by the Lancastrian King, Henry IV, and a rebel army led by Henry "Hotspur" Percy from Northumberland....
in battle against Henry IVHenry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . Like other kings of England, at that time, he also claimed the title of King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry Bolingbroke...
.
- 1464 Battle of Hedgeley Moor
The Battle of Hedgeley Moor, 25 April 1464, was a battle of the Wars of the Roses. It was fought at Hedgeley Moor, north of the village of Glanton in Northumberland, between a Yorkist army led by John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu and a Lancastrian army led by the Duke of Somerset...
- 1482 Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
last re-captured by England.
1500
- 1513 English defeat invading Scots at Battle of Flodden Field
The Battle of Flodden or Flodden Field was fought in the county of Northumberland in northern England on 9 September 1513, between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey...
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- 1549 John Knox
John Knox was a Scottish clergyman and leader of the Protestant Reformation who is considered the founder of the Presbyterian denomination. He was educated at the University of St Andrews and worked as a notary-priest. Influenced by early church reformers such as George Wishart, he joined the...
appointed parish minister in Berwick-upon-TweedBerwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
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- 1551 John Dudley
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland was a Tudor general, admiral and politician, who de facto ruled England in the latter half of King Edward VI's reign...
becomes first Duke of NorthumberlandThe Duke of Northumberland is a title in the peerage of Great Britain has been created several times. It is chiefly associated with the Percy family.-1551 creation:The title Duke of Northumberland was created in 1551 for John Dudley....
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- 1569 Earl of Northumberland
Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland KG led the Rising of the North and was executed for treason. He was later Beatified by the Catholic Church.-Early life :...
rebels against Elizabeth I in the Rising of the NorthThe Rising of the North, Revolt of the Northern Earls or Northern Rebellion was an unsuccessful uprising against Elizabeth I of England in 1569 by Catholics of Northern England. Its objective was the deposition of Elizabeth and coronation of Mary I of Scotland as Queen of England...
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- 1597 Plague
The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, but this view has recently been challenged...
kills 340 in Newcastle.
1600
- 1603 Union of crowns under James I
James VI & I was King of Scots as James VI from 1567 to 1625, and King of England and Ireland as James I from 1603 to 1625....
- 1606 James I transports Border Reivers
Border Reivers were raiders along the Anglo–Scottish border from the late 13th century to the end of the 16th century. Their ranks consisted of both Scottish and English families, and they raided the entire border country without regard to their victims' nationality...
to IrelandIreland is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland, separated by the Irish Sea, is the island of Great Britain...
in the Plantation of UlsterThe Plantation of Ulster was the organised colonisation of Ulster by people from Britain. Private plantation by wealthy landowners began in 1606, while official plantation controlled by the monarchy began in 1609. All land owned by Irish chieftains the Ó Neills and Ó Donnells were confiscated...
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- 1640 Scottish Covenanters defeat English force in the Battle of Newburn
The Battle of Newburn was fought on 28 August 1640 during the Second Bishops' War between a Scottish Covenanter army led by General Alexander Leslie and English royalist forces commanded by Edward, Lord Conway. Conway, heavily outnumbered, was defeated, and the Scots went on to occupy the port of...
- 1649 14 women are convicted and executed in Newcastle witch trial
A witch trial is a legal proceeding that is part of a witch-hunt. * Witch trials in Early Modern Europe, 15th–18th centuries** Salzburg witch trials - 1675-1690, Salzburg, Austria** Spa witch trial - 1616, Belgium...
s.
1700
- 1707 Act of Union joins the Scottish government with that of England and Wales
England and Wales is a legal unit within the United Kingdom. It consists of England and Wales, two of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Unlike Scotland and Northern Ireland, England and Wales follow the legal system known as English law, and the two form the constitutional successor to the...
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- 1745 Scant Northumberland support for Bonnie Prince Charlie in the second Jacobite rising
The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the kingdoms of England, Scotland , and Ireland occurring between 1688 and 1746...
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- 1761 Troops in Hexham
Hexham is a market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne, and was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district in Northumberland from 1974–2009. Hexham is one of three major towns in Tynedale along with Prudhoe and Haltwhistle, although in terms of population,...
shoot 40 miners protesting against conscriptionConscription is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by an established authority. It is most often used in the specific sense of requiring citizens to serve in the armed forces...
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- 1782 Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was an infantry regiment of the British Army. Originally raised in 1674, the regiment was amalgamated with three other fusilier regiments in 1968 to form the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.-Origins:...
named the 5th (The Northumberland) Regiment of Foot.
1800
- 1800 Bewick
Thomas Bewick was an English wood engraver and ornithologist.Bewick was born at Cherryburn House in the village of Mickley, in the parish of Ovingham, Northumberland, England, near Newcastle upon Tyne on 12 August 1753. His father rented a small colliery at Mickley Bank, and sent his son to school...
publishes British Birds.
- 1829 Stephenson's Rocket
Stephenson's Rocket was an early steam locomotive of 0-2-2 wheel arrangement, built in Newcastle at the Forth Street Works of Robert Stephenson and Company in 1829.- Design innovations :The Rocket was not the first steam locomotive...
wins the Rainhill TrialsThe Rainhill Trials were an important competition in the early days of steam locomotive railways, run in October 1829 in Rainhill, Merseyside at the time in Lancashire ....
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- 1838 Grace Darling
Grace Horsley Darling was an English Victorian heroine on the strength of a celebrated maritime rescue in 1838....
rescues survivors from a shipwreck off the Farne Islands.
- 1853 Cholera
Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Transmission to humans occurs through eating food or drinking water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae from other cholera patients...
epidemic kills 1,500 in Newcastle.
1900
- 1903 Smallpox
Smallpox is an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning spotted, or varus, meaning "pimple"...
epidemic hits Newcastle.
- 1936 Two hundred men march from Jarrow
Jarrow is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne and has a population of 27,526.-Foundation:The Angles re-occupied a 1st century Roman fort on the site of Jarrow in the 5th century Its name is recorded around AD 750 as Gyruum, representing Old English [æt] Gyrwum =...
to London[]London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. It has been a major settlement for two millennia, and the history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, when it was named Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, the 'square mile', retains its medieval boundaries...
to protest unemployment.
- 1940 Spitfires from RAF Acklington
The former Royal Air Force Station Acklington, commonly known as RAF Acklington, was a Royal Air Force airbase situated near Acklington, in Northumberland, England.During World War II it was a fighter station, operating as part of No...
intercept LuftwaffeLuftwaffe is a generic German term for an air force. It is also the official name for two of the four historic German air forces, the Wehrmacht air arm founded in 1933 and disbanded in 1946; and the current Bundeswehr air arm founded in 1956.Schweizer Luftwaffe is also the name of the Swiss Air...
bombers off the Farne IslandsThe Farne Islands are a group of islands off the coast of Northumberland, England. There are between 15 and 20 or more islands depending on the state of the tide. They are scattered about 2.5–7.5 km distant from the mainland, divided into two groups, the Inner Group and the Outer Group...
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- 1963 University of Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle University is a major research-intensive university located in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north-east of England. It was established as a School of Medicine and Surgery in 1834 and became the University of Newcastle upon Tyne by an Act of Parliament in August 1963...
is established as separate institution.
- 1966 Epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease
Foot-and-mouth disease, FMD or hoof-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic animals such as cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs, as well as antelope, bison and other wild bovids, and deer...
strikes Northumberland farms.
- 1974 The county of Tyne and Wear
Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in North East England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972...
is created.
Sources
- Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Waters, I. (1999). Northumberland: England's Border Country. Contemporary Review, 275(1605), 203-210.
External links