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Dubai International Airport
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Dubai International Airport is an international airport serving Dubai, the largest city of the United Arab Emirates. It is a major aviation hub in the Middle East, and is the main airport in Dubai. In 2008, the airport handled over 34% of all flights entering and leaving the Middle East, and Africa.
The airport is operated by the Department of Civil Aviation and is the home base of Dubai's international airline, Emirates, Emirates SkyCargo and flydubai. In addition, it serves as a secondary hub for the Kuwait-based Jazeera Airways and Wataniya Airways.
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Encyclopedia
Dubai International Airport is an international airport serving Dubai, the largest city of the United Arab Emirates. It is a major aviation hub in the Middle East, and is the main airport in Dubai. In 2008, the airport handled over 34% of all flights entering and leaving the Middle East, and Africa.
The airport is operated by the Department of Civil Aviation and is the home base of Dubai's international airline, Emirates, Emirates SkyCargo and flydubai. In addition, it serves as a secondary hub for the Kuwait-based Jazeera Airways and Wataniya Airways. As of 3 March 2009, there are about 5,600 weekly flights operated by 125 airlines to over 200 destinations across North America, Europe, South America, East Asia, Southwest Asia, South Asia, Australasia, and Africa.
Dubai International Airport will be complemented by Al Maktoum International Airport (Dubai World Central International Airport), a new airport that will help handle the influx of travellers well into the future.
In 2008, the airport handled a record 37,441,440 passengers, a 9.7% increase over the 2007 total. In addition to being an important passenger traffic hub, the airport is one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling over 1.8 million tonnes of cargo in 2008. The new $4.5 billion Terminal 3 opened on 14 October 2008, and Terminal 2 will be upgraded. Concourse 3 is also part of Terminal 3, and is expected to be completed by 2011. Terminal 3 will add and is the single largest building in the world by floor space. It will enable the airport to be able to handle over 60 million passengers annually, a target which the airport expects to reach by 2011.
History
As early as in the 1940s flying from Dubai was possible via flying boats operated by British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), operating the Horseshoe line from Southern Africa via the Persian Gulf to Sydney. Construction of the airport was originally ordered by Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum in 1959, who was the ruler of Dubai at that time. It officially opened in 1960, at which time it was able to manage aircraft the size of a Douglas DC-3 on a long runway made of compacted sand. Three turning-areas, an apron and small terminal completed the airport that was constructed by Costain. In May 1963 construction of a asphalt runway started. This new runway, alongside the original sand runway and taxiway opened in May 1965, together with several new buildings and extension of the terminal. The installation of the lighting system continued after official opening and was completed in August of that year. During the second half of the 1960s several extensions, equipment-upgrades like a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and an instrument landing system (ILS) as well as new buildings were realized.
Expansion continued in the early 1970s including ILS Class II equipment, lengthening existing runway to , installation of a non-directional beacon (NDB), diesel generators, taxiways, etc. All this work made reception of Boeing 747 and Concorde possible. Several runway and apron extensions were carried out through the decade to meet growing demand.
In April 1984, a second runway was opened and several extensions and upgrades of terminal facilities and supporting systems were carried out. On 23 December 1980 the airport became ordinary member of the Airports Council International (ACI).
During the 1980s, Dubai was a stopping point for airlines such as Air India, Cathay Pacific, Singapore Airlines, Malaysia Airlines and others travelling between Asia and Europe and needed a refuelling point in the Persian Gulf. This use was made redundant with the advent of longer-range aircraft introduced in the late 1980s and early 1990s such as the Airbus A340, the Boeing 747-400 and the Boeing 777 series aircraft which had the range to fly between Europe and Southeast Asia nonstop.
Expansion
Construction of Terminal 3, began in 2004, with an estimated cost of around $4.55 billion. Originally planned for completion in 2006, the date was delayed by two years.
On 30 May 2008, a topping out ceremony for the terminal was conducted, and an open house was held from 12 August to 9 October 2008. The terminal became operational on 14 October 2008, with Emirates Airline (EK2926) from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia being the first flight to arrive at the new terminal at 3:55 pm, and EK843 at 2:15 pm local time being the first departing flight. The terminal increases the airport's maximum passenger capacity annually by 23 million, bringing the total annual capacity up to 60 million passengers.
With the arrival of the Airbus A380, the airport put into place modifications works costing $230 million. These included the building of 29 gates capable of handling the large aircraft, five of which are in Terminal 3. Other important projects at the airport include the next phase of construction, which will be the construction of Concourse 3. This will be a smaller version of Concourse 2, which is connected to Terminal 3. Construction has already begun and is expected to be completed within three years, with plans to open by early 2011.
The Cargo Mega Terminal, which will have the capacity to handle 3 million tonnes of cargo a year, is a major development; it is going to be built in the long term. Completion for the Mega terminal is expected to be no later than 2012.
Also Terminal 2 will be completely redeveloped to match the status of the other two terminals. With all of these projects completed by 2012, the airport expects to handle over 75 million passengers and over 3 million tonnes of cargo.
The airport will also undergo an expansion to allow two stations of the Red Line of the Dubai Metro to be built within the complex. One station will be constructed in Terminal 1 and the other in Terminal 3. The Metro system is not expected to be fully operational until 2009.
Dubai's government has announced the construction of a new airport in Jebel Ali termed Al Maktoum International Airport. It is expected upon completion to be the fourth largest airport in the world by physical size, though not by passenger metrics. Construction is expected to finish by the year 2017. On completion, Dubai International Airport is expected to be able to accommodate up to 75 million passengers. There has been an official plan to build the Dubai Metro Purple Line to connect Al Maktoum International Airport to Dubai International Airport; construction is set to begin in 2012.
Growth in Traffic at Dubai International Airport | Airlines | 1998 | 2002 | 2006 |
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| Passenger Movements | 9.732 million | 15.973 million | 28.788 million (2006) | | Airfreight Movements | 431,777 tonnes | 764,193 tonnes | 1.410 million tonnes
(2006) | | City Links | 110 | 170 | >215 (June 2006) | | Weekly Scheduled Flights | About 2,300 | About 2,850 | >4,550 (June 2006) |
Importance
Dubai Airport is the largest airport by passenger traffic in the Middle East/Africa region. In 2008 the airport was the 21st busiest airport in the world (January to November).
In 2007, Dubai was the worlds 27th busiest airport by passenger traffic, 8th busiest by international passenger traffic rankings and 13th busiest by cargo traffic.
Airports Council International's 2008 figures are preliminary. The following are for the months January to November 2008. These figures should be read with caution as airports around the world may experience peak travel in differing months. Year-to-date growth statistics may be a poor representation of full-year growth, and may be subject to major changes as time progresses.
Air traffic
Main airlines based at DXB
at Terminal 3]]
- Emirates Airline is largest airline operating at the airport, with an all-widebody fleet of over 100 Airbus and Boeing aircraft based at Dubai, providing scheduled services to the rest of the Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, South America, Europe, Africa and North America.
- Emirates SkyCargo, a subsidary of Emirates, operates scheduled all-cargo services between Dubai and the rest of the world.
- FlyDubai is a new airline planning to operate over 50 aircraft on scheduled passenger services to and from Dubai, to rest of the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia.
Recreational flying to Dubai is catered for by the Dubai Aviation Club, which undertakes flying training for private pilots and provides facilities for private owners.
The Government of Dubai provides short and long range search and rescue services, police support, medical evacuation and general purpose flights for the Airport and all VIP flights to the airport.
Infrastructure
| Infrastructure |
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| | | Taxiways |
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| Length | |
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| Width | |
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| Passenger terminal buildings |
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| Total |
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| Floor area | |
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| Handling capacity | c. 60 million passengers |
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| Parking bays | 118 (aerobridge)
17 (contact)
63 (remote) |
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| Terminal One |
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| Opened | 1 April 2000 (operational) |
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| Floor area | |
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| Handling capacity | 25 million passengers |
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| Parking bays | 47 (aerobridge)
17 (remote) |
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| Terminal Two |
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| Opened | May 1 1998 (operational) |
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| Floor area | |
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| Handling capacity | 2 million passengers |
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| Parking bays | 8 (aerobridge)
21 (remote) |
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| Terminal Three |
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| Opened | 14 November 2008 (operational) |
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| Floor area | |
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| Handling capacity | 43 million passengers |
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| Parking bays | 42 (aerobridge) |
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| Terminal Four |
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| Opened | To Be Confirmed |
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| Floor area | To Be Confirmed} |
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| Handling capacity | To Be Confirmed |
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| Parking bays | To Be Confirmed |
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| Executive Terminal |
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| Opened | 19 November 2008 (operational) |
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| Floor area | |
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| Handling capacity | 250,000 passengers |
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| Parking bays | 10 (contact) |
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Because land was scarce, Dubai International Airport was conceptualised to function as the Dubai's primary airport and the regions busiest for the foreseeable future without the need for relocation or the building of another airport when passenger figures increased.
The master plan for the existing airport initially involved a dual-terminal and one runway configuration over two phases with provisions for another two passenger terminals in the near future. Phase 1 included the construction for the first passenger terminal, the first runway, 70 aircraft parking bays, support facilities and structures, including a large maintenance hangar, the first fire station, workshops and administrative offices, an airfreight complex, two cargo agents buildings, in-flight catering kitchens and a control tower. Construction for the second phase would commence immediately after the completion of Phase 1 and include the second runway, 50 new aircraft parking bays in addition to the existing 70 bays, a second fire station and a third cargo agent building.
The third phase included construction of a new terminal and an additional 60 parking bays, as well as new aircraft maintenance facility.
Air traffic control tower
The air traffic control tower (ATC) was constructed as part of phase two of the Dubai Airport redevelopment plan and construction of Terminal 1.
Terminals
Dubai International Airport has four terminals altogether. Terminal 1 consists of one concourse, terminal 2 is set apart from the other two terminals and terminal 3 is divided into concourse 2 and 3. The cargo terminal is capable of handling 3 million tonnes of cargo annually and a general aviation terminal (GAT) is located closeby.
Passenger terminals
Dubai Airport currently has three passenger terminals. Terminals 1, and 3 are directly connected with a common transit area, with airside passengers being able to freely move between the terminals without going through immigration, whilst Terminal 2 is built on the opposite end of the airport. Transport within and between these three terminals is provided by people movers, underground tunnels.
Situated beside Terminal 2 is the Executive Flights Terminal, which has its own check-in facilities for premium passengers and where transportation to aircraft in any of the other terminals are by personal buggy. All four terminals currently have a handling capacity of 60 million passengers a year spread over an area of . Capacity will rise again to 75 million passengers a year when expansion works to Concourse 3 are complete by early 2011.
Dubai Airport, with all four terminals now cater to all spectrum of passengers. Terminal 2 is for those cost conscious passengers and passengers flying to the sub-continent and Persian Gulf region, Terminal 1, and 3, take care of 90% of the travelers, and the Executive Flights terminal target those who demand luxury when travelling.
Terminal 1
The long Sheikh Rashid Terminal (Terminal 1) has an overall capacity of 23 million passengers. It is used by 113 airlines. It is connected to Concourse 1 by an underground tunnel. Terminal 1 offers 221 check in counters, with a separate section for first and business class passengers. In arrivals there are 40 passport control desks and 14 baggage claims belts.
Concourse 1
Concourse part of Terminal 1 is currently used by all international airlines. Opened in 2000, it used to be the main part of Dubai Airport before Terminal 3 opened. It incorporates over 60 gates, and 50 air bridges. Current facilities include restaurants, lounges, a 5 star hotel, a business centre, a health club, a duty-free. Other facilities include prayer rooms, and a medical centre.
Terminal 2
Terminal 2 is the oldest at Dubai Airport and has a capacity of 3 million. It is mainly used by airlines operating in the region. Most flights operate to Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. The terminal is also being expanded as in recent years has become extremely congested and over crowded. The terminal offers 22 check in counters, and of duty-free.
Expansion work has begun, and is expected be completed by 2010.
Terminal 3
Terminal 3 is the largest building in the world by floor space, with over of space. The terminal is said to be "opulence personified". Terminal 3 has an annual capacity of 43 million passengers. It is located beneath the taxiway area at Dubai airport and is directly connected to concourse 2. Terminal 3 differs from Terminal 1 as there are fewer walking distances. This is the main difference between the terminal 1, which is linked to the concourse (Sheikh Rashid Terminal) with a tunnel, and terminal 3. The shape of the terminal 3 is in the shape of an aircraft wing and is long.
Terminal 3 includes a multi level underground structure, first and business class lounges, restaurants, 180 check-in counters and 2,600 underground parking spaces. The terminal will, by adding , double the amount of retail space at Dubai Airport.
The departures and arrivals halls in the new terminal are located underground the airports taxi ways.
The terminal incorporates two levels of parking for vehicles and was fully opened on 14 October 2008.
Concourse 2
Concourse 2 is directly connected to terminal 3, and is a long concourse that is dedicated exclusively to Emirates Airline. The building currently includes a multi-level structure for departures and arrivals at Dubai Airport and includes 27 contact gates and 59 passenger loading bridges.
Also there is a direct connection to Sheikh Rashid Terminal located at the control tower structure through passenger walkways. There is also a 300-room hotel and health club that will include both five and four star rooms. And a further of commercial space will be added to the current Dubai Airport. Concourse 2 includes five aerobridges that are capable of handling the new Airbus A380.
The terminal itself contains 52 immigration counters, 14 baggage carousels, and 12 e-gates (Electronic Passport Control System used in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
The concourse has the capacity to handle 23 million passengers, and on a normal day, has a capacity of 17,000 people an hour.
Concourse 3
Concourse 3 will be a smaller version of concourse 2, and is planned to have temperature-controlled lounges. It will have 20 contact gates, of which 18 will be exclusively for the Airbus A380. The two concourses will be connected with electric buses. Concourse 3 will also be connected to the public levels of Terminal 3 with an automated people mover and also a service tunnel for further baggage transfer. Construction had begun on Concourse 3 in early 2008, and is expected to be fully completed by 2012.
Terminal 4
Planning has begun to bring on Terminal 4 at Dubai International Airport, it was revealed on the day Emirates completed its phased operations at the new Terminal 3, on 14 November 2008.
According to Dubai Airport officials plans for Terminal 4 had begun and extensions would be made to Terminal 3.
The CEO of the airport, Paul Griffiths was reported to have said, that the airport currently have 290 million dirhams that will be spent over the next two years on terminals 1, 2 and 3, making sure they are running to full capacity. The airport is planning to service 70 - 80 million passengers a year by 2013.
Runways
Dubai Airport has two parallel runways, 12R/30L and 12L/30R, each wide and both runways are equipped with four sets of ILS to guide landing aircraft safely under all weather condition. The runway was recently expanded to accommodate the Airbus A380.
Accommodating the Airbus A380
With Dubai-based Emirates Airline being one of the launch customers for the Airbus A380 and also the largest customer, Dubai airport needed to expand their existing facilities to accommodate the very large aircraft. The Civil Aviation Authority of Dubai spent $120 million in upgrading the two of its terminals and airport infrastructure, including enlarged gate holdrooms, new finger piers, enlarged runway, new airbridges and extended baggage belt carousels from the normal .
Dubai airport is also investing $3.5 Billion into a new Concourse 3, exclusively for handling Emirates Airline, A380's. This is expected to be completed by 2011.
With these new carousels in place, the airport does not expect embarking and disembarking passengers and baggage from the A380 to take longer than it does for Boeing 747-400s, which carry significantly fewer passengers. On 16 July 2008, Dubai Airport unveiled the first of 5 specially-built gates capable of handling the giant aircraft. Costing $10 million, the gates or 'fingers' enable passengers to get on the upper cabin of the new 555-seater aircraft directly from the gate hold rooms. The hold rooms themselves have been enlarged and appointed to cater for the larger number of passengers flying the A380s. Beside the 5 new gates at Terminal 1, eight more A380-capable gates were opened at Terminal 3 on 14 November 2008.
Services
, Airbus A330]]
Aviation Services
Ground handling
Ground handling services at Dubai International Airport has been provided by Dnata Ground Handling Services.
Services include cargo ramp and technical support services to airlines at Dubai Airport.
Aircraft maintenance
Emirates Engineering, based in Dubai, operates the aircraft maintenance and Engine test cell technical facilities at the airport. Emirates Enginering surrently provides full support for the Emirates Airline fleet and all the other international operations at the airport.
Current facilities include:
- Seven aircraft hangars all capable of handling the A380 (largest in the world)
- Aircraft painting hangar
- Aircraft processing plant
- Aircraft engine run-up facility enclosure
- Engineering Line Maintenance facility
- Engine Test Cell
- Aircraft spare parts stores
Safety and security
The Civil Aviation Authority of Dubai manages the overall safety and security of the airport. Pre-screening takes place in all terminals at the entrance of the airport.
In 2005, an upgrade in screening technology and rising security concerns led to luggage-screening processes being conducted behind closed-doors, as opposed to them being done just before check-in previously within public view. Carry-on luggage and persons screening are conducted at the individual departure gates, while check-in luggage are screened in the backrooms and secured before loading. Dubai Airport Police plans to introduce a biometric identification system for access into restricted areas.
In view of the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot, security screening checks have been stepped up on passengers and their hand-carry luggage, as well as checked-in luggage on flights bound for destinations in the United Kingdom and the United States from Dubai.
In early 2007, Dubai Airport introduced a new type of airport screening device which not only detected weapons, but also could screen the passenger for drugs in the blood. With the new system in place Travellers entering Dubai can be jailed for 4 years or more if found in possession (including in the bloodstream and the bottom of the shoes) of illegal drugs (even in quantities as small as 0.001g), including poppy seeds from bread rolls and prescription and over-the-counter medicines such as codeine. Dubai is now known for having many Legal Dangers for travellers. A senior Dubai judge was quoted on February 11, 2008, by the Dubai City News saying, "These laws help discourage anyone from carrying or using drugs. Even if the amount of illegal drugs found on someone is 0.05 grams, they will be found guilty. The penalty is a minimum four years
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Operations
Airlines and destinationsDestinations by region
| Destinations by Region |
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- Africa
- North Africa - Alexandria-El Nouzha, Algiers, Benghazi, Cairo, Casablanca, Khartoum, Djibouti, Tripoli, Tunis
- Southern Africa - Cape Town, Durban [begins 1 October], Harare, Johannesburg, Lilongwe, Luanda
- East Africa - Asmara, Addis Ababa, Dar es Salaam, Entebbe, Lusaka, Mauritius, Nairobi, Seychelles
- West Africa - Abidjan, Accra, Lagos
- Asia
- Central Asia - Almaty, Ashgabat, Astana, Dushanbe, Kabul, Tashkent, Yekaterinburg
- East Asia - Beijing-Capital, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Nagoya-Centrair [ends 29 March], Osaka-Kansai, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong
- North Asia - Irkutsk, Novosibirsk
- South Asia - Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bangalore, Calicut, Chennai, Chittagong, Cochin, Colombo, Delhi, Dhaka, Faisalabad, Goa, Hyderabad, Islamabad, Jaipur, Kathmandu, Karachi, Kolkata, Lahore, Lucknow, Malé, Mangalore, Multan, Mumbai, Nagpur, Peshawar, Pune, Quetta, Trichy, Trivandrum, Sylhet
- Southeast Asia - Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Bandar Seri Begawan, Denpasar, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Kuala Lumpur, Manila-Ninoy Aquino, Singapore
- Southwest Asia - Abadan, Aden, Ahvaz, Aleppo, Amman, Aqaba, Bahrain, Baku, Bandar Abbas, Baghdad, Beirut, Damascus, Dammam, Doha, Isfahan, Jeddah, Kuwait City, Larnaca, Muscat, Riyadh, Salalah, Sana'a, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran-Imam Khomeini
- Europe - Amsterdam, Athens, Belgrade, Birmingham, Bucharest-Otopeni, Budapest, Copenhagen [seasonal], Donetsk, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Glasgow-International, Hamburg, Helsinki [charter], Istanbul-Atatürk, Kiev-Boryspil, Larnaca, London-Gatwick, London-Heathrow, Malta-Luqa, Manchester, Milan-Malpensa, Moscow-Domodedovo, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Munich, Newcastle, Nice, Odessa, Oslo-Gardermoen, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Riga, Rome-Fiumicino, Rostov-on-Don, Sochi, Sofia, Stockholm-Arlanda, Tbilisi, Venice-Marco Polo, Vienna, Yerevan, Zürich
Destinations by airline
Terminal 1Terminal 2Terminal 3CargoCargoGround TransportRoad
leading to Dubai Airport]]
The airport is connected by the road D 89. One of the longest intra-city roads, D 89 begins at the Deira Corniche and runs perpendicular to D 85 (Baniyas Road). From Deira, the road progresses south-eastward towards Dubai International Airport, intersecting with E 311 (Emirates Road) past the airport.
Rail
The airport is served by the Dubai Metro, which operates 2 lines through the airport. The Red Line (Dubai Metro) operates 2 stations, which when completed in May 2010, will provide services to both Terminal 1, and 3 from between 6 am and 12 midnight. The stations are located infront of both Terminals, and can be accessed directs from the Arrivals area in Both Terminals. Services run every 2 minutes. The Green Line will operate another station in the Airport Free Zone.
Bus
Dubai Busses run by the RTA run a number of routes to around the city but mainly Deira, available at the Airport Ground Transportation Centre and the Arrivals. Bus stations are situated opposite both Terminal 1, 2, and 3. Local buses 4, 11, 15, 33 and 44 can be used to connect with Terminal 1 and 3, while bus 2 connects with Terminal 2. Dubai International Airport Buses provide air-conditioned transport into the city centre and over 80 hotels in the city. Coach service is available to major cities and towns is also availible to Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, and Sharjah.
Taxi
Transportation in Dubai
The airport is served by the Government owned Dubai Taxi Agency, whci provides 24 hour service at the arrivals Terminal.
Accidents and incidents
- In November 1974, British Airways Flight 870 from Dubai to Heathrow, operated by a Vickers VC10, was hijacked in Dubai, landing at Tripoli for refuelling before flying on to Tunis. One hostage was murdered before the hijackers eventually surrendered after 84 hours. Captain Jim Futcher was awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal, the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators Founders Medal, the British Air Line Pilots Association Gold Medal and a Certificate of Commendation from British Airways for his actions during the hijacking, having returned to the aircraft to fly it knowing the hijackers were on board.
- On 3 July 1988, Iran Air Flight 655, which was on a Tehran-Bandar Abbas-Dubai route, was shot down by USS Vincennes between Bandar Abbas and Dubai. 290 people were killed in this incident.
- On 28 July 2001, a man named Djamel Beghal was arrested at Dubai International Airport while transferring from a flight from Pakistan to a flight to Europe. Beghal admitted to being part of the Paris embassy attack plot to UAE interrogators. The Al-Qaeda suspect was taken to France, where he recanted parts of his statement. The plot was dismantled by French, Belgian, and Dutch authorities.
- Part of the airport's Terminal 3 collapsed on 28 September 2004 during the construction phase.
- On 17 February 2007, a Novair A330-200 made an emergency landing in an airport in the United Arab Emirates. The plane was flying from Phuket, Thailand to Copenhagen, Denmark with mainly Danish passengers. After takeoff from a scheduled intermediate landing in Dubai, the captain felt some strange vibrations in one of the engines and decided to shut it down. The landing went smoothly and no one was injured.
- 12 March 2007, Biman Bangladesh Airlines Flight BG006 (LHR-DXB-DAC), carrying 236 passengers and crew, the nose gear of the Airbus A310-300 collapsed while accelerating down the runway. Fourteen people suffered minor injuries in the accident at Dubai International Airport. The aircraft came to rest at the end of the runway and was evacuated, but crippled the only active runway and forced the airport to close for eight hours, affecting 71 flights.
See also
External links
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