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Chapel
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A chapel is a building used as a place for fellowship and of worship for Christians.
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A chapel is a building used as a place for fellowship and of worship for Christians. It may be attached to an institution such as a large church, a college, a hospital, a palace, a prison or a cemetery, or may be an entirely free-standing building, sometimes with its own grounds.
The word chapel is in particularly common usage in England, and even more so in Wales, for independent or nonconformist places of worship; and in Scotland and Ireland many ordinary Roman Catholic churches as well as non-Anglican church buildings are known to locals as "the chapel". In England, due to the rise in popularity of independent or nonconformist chapels throughout the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, by the time of the 1851 census more people attended the independent chapels, albeit at their own expense, than attended the state's Anglican churches.
Chapels are most commonly denominational, but may be non-denominational. The latter are mostly encountered as part of a non-religious institution such as a hospital or prison. In England, where the Anglican Church is established by law, nondenominational or inter-faith chapels in such institutions may nonetheless be consecrated by the local Anglican bishop.
Chapels that are built as part of a larger church are holy areas set aside for some specific use or purpose: for instance, many cathedrals and large churches have a "Lady Chapel" in the apse, dedicated to the Virgin Mary; parish churches may have such a "Lady Chapel" in a side aisle, or a "Blessed Sacrament Chapel" where the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist are kept between services, for the purpose of taking Holy Communion to the sick and housebound and, in some Christian traditions, for devotional purposes.
In Roman Catholic Canon Law a chapel, technically called an "oratory" is a building or part thereof dedicated to the celebration of services, particularly the Mass, which is not a parish church. This may be a private chapel, for the use of one person or a select group (a bishop's private chapel, or the chapel of a convent, for instance); a semi-public oratory, which is partially available to the general public (a seminary chapel that welcomes visitors to services, for instance); or a public oratory (for instance, a hospital or university chapel).
History
The earliest Christian places of worship are now often referred to as chapels, as they were not dedicated buildings but rather a dedicated chamber within a building, such as a room in an individual's home. Here one or two people could pray without being part of a communion/congregation. People who like to use chapels may find it peaceful and relaxing to be away from the stress of life, without other people moving around them.
The word "chapel" is derived from a relic of Saint Martin of Tours: traditional stories about Martin relate that while he was still a soldier, he cut his military cloak in half to give part to a beggar in need. The other half he wore over his shoulders as a "small cape" (Latin capella). The beggar, the stories claim, was Christ in disguise, and Martin experienced a conversion of heart, becoming first a monk, then abbot, then bishop. This cape came into the possession of the Frankish kings, and they kept the relic with them as they did battle. The tent which kept the cape was called the capella and the priests who said daily Mass in the tent were known as the capellani. From these words we get the names "chapel" and "chaplain".
The word also appears in the Irish language in the Middle Ages, as Welsh people came with the Norman and Old English invaders to the island of Ireland. While the traditional Irish word for church was éaglais (derived from ecclesia) a new word, ceipéal (from cappella) came into usage.
In English history, "chapel", or sometimes 'meeting house', was formerly the standard designation for church buildings belonging to independent or nonconformist religious societies and their members. It was a word particularly associated with the pre-eminence of independent religious practice in rural regions of England and Wales, the northern industrial towns of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and centres of population close to but outside of the City of London. As a result, "chapel" is sometimes used as an adjective in the UK to describe the members of such churches ("I'm Chapel.").
Proprietary chapels
A proprietary chapel is one that originally belonged to a private person. In the 19th century they were common, often being built to cope with urbanisation. Frequently they were set up by Evangelical Philanthropists with a vision of spreading the Gospel of Jesus Christ in cities whose needs could no longer be met by the parishes. Some functioned more privately, with a wealthy person building a chapel so they could invite their favorite preachers. They are anomalies in the English ecclesiastical law, having no parish area, but being able to have an Anglican clergyman licensed there. Historically many Anglican Churches were Proprietary Chapels. Over the years they have often been converted into normal Parishes.
Notable historical ones include: one in Avonwick in Devon, and also in Bath (Christ Church, Julian Road); one formerly in London was St John's Chapel, Bedford Row.
Today there are still a number of lively Anglican churches which are proprietary chapels, including Emmanuel Church, Wimbledon , St John's, Downshire Hill, Hampstead, St James' Ryde on the Isle of Wight.
Modern usage
While the usage of the word "chapel" is not exclusively limited to Christian terminology, it is most often found in that context. Nonetheless, the word's meaning can vary by denomination, and non-denominational chapels (sometimes called "meditation rooms") can be found in many hospitals, airports, and even the United Nations headquarters.
Common uses of the word chapel today include:
- Side Chapels - a chapel within a cathedral or larger church.
- Lady Chapels - these are really a form of side chapel, but have been included separately as they are extremely prevalent in the Roman Catholic church and the Anglican Communion. They are dedicated to the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
- Ambassador's Chapels - originally created to allow ambassadors from Catholic countries to worship whilst on duty in Protestant countries.
- Bishop's Chapels - in Anglican and Roman Catholic Canon Law, Bishops have the right to have a chapel in their own home, even when travelling (such personal chapels may be granted only as a favor to other priests)
- Chapels of Ease - constructed in large parishes to allow parishioners easy access to a church or chapel.
- Summer chapels - A small church in a resort area that functions only during the summer when vacationers are present.
- Wayside chapels - Small chapels in the countryside
Notable chapels
.jpg) | Chapel | Year | Location
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| Brancacci Chapel | 1386 | Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, Italy | | Cadet Chapel | 1963 | United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA | | Cadet Chapel | 1911 | United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, USA | | Contarelli Chapel | 1585 | San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome, Italy | | Duke Chapel | 1930 | Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA | | Eton College Chapel | 1440-c.1460 | Eton College, Eton, Berkshire, England | | Heinz Memorial Chapel | 1938 | University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA | | King's College Chapel, Cambridge | 1446 | Cambridge University, Cambridge, England | | Lee Chapel | 1867 | Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, USA | | Magi Chapel | 1459-1461 | Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence, Italy | | Mariners Chapel | 1961 | United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York, USA | | Medici Chapels | 16th-17th centuries | Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy | | Naval Academy Chapel | 1908 | United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, USA | | Niccoline Chapel | 1447-1449 | Apostolic Palace, Vatican City | | Palatine Chapel | 786 | Aachen Cathedral, Aachen, Germany | | Palatine Chapel | 1132 | Palazzo dei Normanni in Palermo, Sicily, Italy | | Pauline Chapel | 1540 | Apostolic Palace, Vatican City | | Pettit Memorial Chapel | 1907 | Belvidere, Illinois, United States | | Queen's Chapel | 1623 | London, England | | Rosslyn Chapel | 1440 | Roslin, Scotland | | Rothko Chapel | 1964 | Houston, Texas, USA | | Sainte-Chapelle | 1246 | Ile de la Cité, Paris, France | | Sassetti Chapel | 1470 | Santa Trinita, Florence | | Sistine Chapel | 1473 | Apostolic Palace, Vatican City | | St. George’s Chapel | 1348 | Windsor Castle, England | | St. Joan of Arc Chapel | 15th century | Relocated to Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA | | St. Paul's Chapel | 1766 | New York, USA | | St Salvator's Chapel | 1450 | St Andrews, Scotland | | LLandaff Oratory | 1925 | Van Reenen, South Africa | | Chapelle du Saint-Marie du Rosaire | 1949 | Vence, France | | Theodelinda Chapel | 15th century | Monza Cathedral, Italy | | Thorncrown Chapel | 1980 | Eureka Springs, USA | | Slipper Chapel | 1340 | Norfolk, England | | St. Ivan Rilski Chapel | 2003 | Livingston Island, Antarctica |
See also
- In Brittany (France) each small village has its own chapel. Nowadays many of these are only used once a year, for the local "pardon" which celebrates the saint to whom the chapel is dedicated. To permit some of the more beautiful chapels to be better known, modern art is displayed every summer in about 20 chapels in the area of Pontivy. See details on :
- Church (building)
- Meeting house
- Sacri Monti
- Corpse road
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