The Dial was an American magazine published intermittently from 1840 to 1929. In its first form, from 1840 to 1844, it served as the chief publication of the Transcendentalists. In the 1880s it was revived as a political magazine. From 1920 to 1929 it was an influential outlet for
Modernist literatureModernist literature is the literary expression of the tendencies of Modernism, especially High modernism.Modernism as a literary movement reached its height in Europe between 1900 and the middle 1920s. Modernist literature addressed aesthetic problems similar to those examined in non-literary...
in English.
Transcendentalist journal
Members of the
Transcendental ClubThe Transcendental Club was the group of New England intellectuals of the early-to-mid-19th century which gave rise to Transcendentalism.-Overview:...
began talks for creating a vehicle for their essays and reviews in philosophy and religion in October 1839. Other influential journals, including the
North American Review and the
Christian Examiner refused to accept their work for publication.
Orestes BrownsonOrestes Augustus Brownson was a New England intellectual and activist, preacher, labor organizer, and noted Catholic convert and writer...
proposed utilizing his recently-established periodical
Boston Quarterly Review but members of the club decided a new publication was a better solution.
Frederick Henry HedgeFrederick Henry Hedge was a New England Unitarian minister and Transcendentalist. He was a founder of the Transcendental Club, originally called Hedge's Club, and active in the development of Transcendentalism.-Biography:...
,
Theodore ParkerTheodore Parker was an American Transcendentalist and reforming minister of the Unitarian church. A reformer and abolitionist, his own words and quotes he popularized would later influence Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King, Jr.-Early life:Theodore Parker was born in Lexington, Massachusetts,...
, and
Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, philosopher, and poet, best remembered for leading the Transcendentalist movement of the early 19th century. His teachings directly influenced the growing New Thought movement of the mid 1800s...
were originally considered for the editor role. On October 20, 1839,
Margaret FullerSarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli, more commonly known as Margaret Fuller, was a journalist, critic and women's rights activist associated with the American transcendental movement. She was the first full-time female book reviewer in journalism...
officially accepted the editorship, though she was unable to begin work on the publication until the first week of 1840. George Ripley served as the managing editor. Its first issue was published in July 1840 with an introduction by Emerson calling it a "Journal in a new spirit". In this first form, the magazine remained in publication until 1844. Emerson wrote to Fuller on August 4, 1840, of his ambitions for the magazine:
- I begin to wish to see a different Dial from that which I first imagined. I would not have it too purely literary. I wish we might make a Journal so broad & great in its survey that it should lead the opinion of this generation on every great interest & read the law on property, government, education, as well as on art, letters, & religion. A great Journal people must read. And it does not seem worth our while to work with any other than sovereign aims. So I wish we might court some of the good fanatics and publish chapters on every head in the whole Art of Living....I know the danger of such latitude of plan in any but the best conducted Journal. It becomes friendly to special modes of reform, partisan, bigoted, perhaps whimsical; not universal & poetic. But our round table is not, I fancy, in imminent peril of party & bigotry, & we shall bruise each the other's whims by the collision.
The title of the journal, which was suggested by Bronson Alcott, intended to evoke a
sundial{| align="right" | |}A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. In common designs such as the horizontal sundial, the sun casts a shadow from its style onto a flat surface marked with lines indicating the hours of the day...
. The connotations of the image were expanded upon by Emerson in concluding his editorial introduction to the journal's first issue:
- And so with diligent hands and good intent we set down our Dial on the earth. We wish it may resemble that instrument in its celebrated happiness, that of measuring no hours but those of sunshine. Let it be one cheerful rational voice amidst the din of mourners and polemics. Or to abide by our chosen image, let it be such a Dial, not as the dead face of a clock, hardly even such as the Gnomon in a garden, but rather such a Dial as is the Garden itself, in whose leaves and flowers the suddenly awakened sleeper is instantly apprised not what part of dead time, but what state of life and growth is now arrived and arriving.
The Dial was heavily criticized, even by Transcendentalists. Ripley said, "They had expected hoofs and horns while it proved as gentle as any sucking dove". The journal was never financially stable. In 1843,
Elizabeth PeabodyElizabeth Palmer Peabody was an American educator who opened the first English-language kindergarten in the United States. Long before most educators, Peabody embraced the premise that children's play has intrinsic developmental and educational value.-Biography:Peabody was born in Billerica,...
, acting as business manager, noted that the journal's income was not covering the cost of printing and that subscriptions totaled just over two hundred. It ceased publication in April 1844.
Horace GreeleyHorace Greeley was an American editor of a leading newspaper, a founder of the Liberal Republican Party, a reformer, and a politician...
, in the May 25 issue of the
New-York Weekly Tribune, reported it as an end to the "most original and thoughtful periodical ever published in this country".
Political magazine
After a one-year revival in 1860, the third incarnation of
The Dial, this time as a journal of both politics and literary criticism, began publication in 1880. This version of the magazine was founded by
Francis Fisher Browne-Biography:Browne was born in South Halifax, Vermont. After his high school education, Browne enlisted in the Forty-sixth Massachusetts Volunteers ....
, who would serve as its editor for over three decades. He envisioned his new literary journal in the genteel tradition of its predecessor, containing book reviews, articles about current trends in the sciences and humanities, and politics, as well as long lists of current book titles. It was in this form that Margaret Anderson, soon to be founder of
The Little ReviewThe Little Review, A Quarterly Journal of Arts and Letters, was an American art and literary magazine founded by Margaret Caroline Anderson which published modernist English-language writers between 1914 and 1929, most notably James Joyce's Ulysses...
, worked for the magazine. Although published in a city reputedly indifferent to literary pursuits (Chicago),
The Dial attained national prominence, absorbing the
Chap-Book in 1898. Known for its unswerving standard in design and content,
The Dial changed character after its sale by the Browne family in 1916 and subsequent removal to New York in 1918.
Modernist literary magazine
In 1920,
Scofield ThayerScofield Thayer was an American poet and publisher, best known for his art collection, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and as a publisher and editor of the literary magazine The Dial during the 1920s....
and Dr.
James Sibley WatsonDr. James Sibley Watson, Jr. was a Rochester, New York, medical doctor, philanthropist, publisher, editor, and early experimenter in motion pictures....
. Jr. re-established
The Dial as a
literary magazineA literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish short stories, poetry and essays along with literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews and letters...
, the form for which it is was most successful and best known. Under Watson's and Thayer's sway
The Dial published remarkably influential artwork, poetry and fiction, including
William Butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms...
'
The Second Coming and the first United States publication of
T. S. EliotThomas Stearns Eliot, OM , was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. Among his most famous writings are The Love Song of J...
's
The Waste LandThe Waste Land[A] is a 434 line[B] modernist poem by T. S. Eliot published in 1922...
. The first year alone saw the appearance of
Sherwood AndersonSherwood Anderson was an American writer, mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg, Ohio...
,
Djuna BarnesDjuna Barnes was an American writer who played an important part in the development of 20th century English language modernist writing and was one of the key figures in 1920s and 30s bohemian Paris after filling a similar role in the Greenwich Village of the teens...
,
Kenneth BurkeKenneth Duva Burke was a major American literary theorist and philosopher. Burke's primary interests were in rhetoric and aesthetics.-Personal History:...
,
William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams , also known as WCW, was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine...
,
Hart CraneHarold Hart Crane was an American poet. Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, Crane wrote poetry that was traditional in form, difficult and often archaic in language, and which sought to express something more than the ironic despair that Crane found in Eliot's...
,
E. E. CummingsEdward Estlin Cummings , popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as e. e. cummings , was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright...
,
Charles DemuthCharles Demuth was an American watercolorist who turned to oils late in his career, developing a style of painting known as Precisionism....
, Kahlil Gibran,
Gaston LachaiseGaston Lachaise was a French-American sculptor, active in the early 20th century. A native of Paris he was most noted for his female nudes such as Standing Woman.- Biography :Gaston Lachaiseborn March 19, 1882, Paris, France...
,
Amy LowellAmy Lawrence Lowell was an American poet of the imagist school from Brookline, Massachusetts who posthumously won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1926.- Personal life:Lowell was born into Brookline's prominent Lowell family...
,
Marianne MooreMarianne Moore was a Modernist American poet and writer noted for her irony and wit.- Life :Moore was born in Kirkwood, Missouri, in the manse of the Presbyterian church where her maternal grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. She was the daughter of construction engineer and...
,
Ezra PoundEzra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry...
,
Odilon RedonBertrand-Jean Redon, better known as Odilon Redon was a French Symbolist painter, printmaker, draughtsman and pastellist.-Life:...
,
Bertrand RussellBertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was an English philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died.Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the...
,
Carl SandburgCarl Sandburg was an American writer and editor, best known for his poetry. He won three Pulitzer Prizes, two for his poetry and another for a biography of Abraham Lincoln. H. L. Mencken called Carl Sandburg "indubitably an American in every pulse-beat."-Biography:Sandburg was born in Galesburg,...
,
Van Wyck BrooksVan Wyck Brooks was an American literary critic, biographer, and historian.- Biography :Brooks was educated at Harvard University and graduated in 1908...
, and W. B. Yeats.
The Dial published art as well as poetry and essays, with artists ranging from
Vincent van GoghVincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact. He suffered from anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of mental illness throughout his life, and died largely unknown, at the age...
,
RenoirPierre-Auguste Renoir was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style...
,
Henri MatisseHenri Matisse was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid, brilliant and original draughtsmanship. He was a master draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but excelled primarily as a painter. Matisse is regarded, with Picasso, as the greatest artist of the 20th century...
, and
Odilon RedonBertrand-Jean Redon, better known as Odilon Redon was a French Symbolist painter, printmaker, draughtsman and pastellist.-Life:...
, through
Oskar KokoschkaOskar Kokoschka was an Austrian artist, poet and playwright best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes....
,
Constantin BrancusiConstantin Brâncuşi was an internationally renowned Romanian sculptor whose works, which blend simplicity and sophistication, led the way for numerous modernist sculptors.-Early years:...
, and
Edvard MunchEdvard Munch was a Norwegian Symbolist painter, printmaker and an important forerunner of expressionistic art...
, and
Georgia O'KeeffeGeorgia Totto O'Keeffe was an American artist. Born near Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, O'Keeffe was a major figure in American art from the 1920s. She received widespread recognition for her technical contributions, as well as for challenging the boundaries of modern American artistic style...
and
Joseph StellaJoseph Stella was an Italian-born, American Futurist painter best known for his depictions of industrial America. He is associated with the American Precisionism movement of the 1910s-1940s....
. The magazine also reported on the cultural life of European capitals, writers included T. S. Eliot from London, John Eglinton from Dublin, Ezra Pound from Paris,
Thomas MannThomas Mann was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual...
from Germany, and
Hugo von HofmannsthalHugo Laurenz August Hofmann von Hofmannsthal , was an Austrian novelist, librettist, poet, dramatist, narrator, and essayist.-Life:...
from Vienna.
Watson was the steadfast foundation for
The Dial as the magazine proceeded through a series of editors: Thayer from 1920–26,
Gilbert SeldesGilbert Vivian Seldes was an American writer and cultural critic. He was editor and drama critic of The Dial. He is most famous for his 1924 book, The Seven Lively Arts....
(1922–23), Kenneth Burke (1923), Alyse Gregory (1923–25), Marianne Moore (1925–29). Thayer fell ill in 1927.
The Dial ceased publication in July 1929.
The Dial Award
In 1921, Thayer and Watson announced the creation of the
Dial Award, $2000 to be presented to one of its contributors, acknowledging their "service to letters" in hopes of providing the artist with "leisure through which at least one artist may serve God (or go to the Devil) according to his own lights." Eight awards were granted.
- 1921. Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson was an American writer, mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg, Ohio...
- 1922. T. S. Eliot
Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM , was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. Among his most famous writings are The Love Song of J...
- 1923. Van Wyck Brooks
Van Wyck Brooks was an American literary critic, biographer, and historian.- Biography :Brooks was educated at Harvard University and graduated in 1908...
- 1924. Marianne Moore
Marianne Moore was a Modernist American poet and writer noted for her irony and wit.- Life :Moore was born in Kirkwood, Missouri, in the manse of the Presbyterian church where her maternal grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. She was the daughter of construction engineer and...
- 1925. E. E. Cummings
Edward Estlin Cummings , popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as e. e. cummings , was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright...
- 1926. William Carlos Williams
William Carlos Williams , also known as WCW, was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine...
- 1927. Ezra Pound
Ezra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry...
- 1928. Kenneth Burke
Kenneth Duva Burke was a major American literary theorist and philosopher. Burke's primary interests were in rhetoric and aesthetics.-Personal History:...
Notable contributors by volume
In its literary phase,
The Dial was published monthly. Notable contributors for each of its volumes (six-month intervals) are summarized below.
- Vol. 68 (January–June 1920) Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson was an American writer, mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg, Ohio...
, Djuna BarnesDjuna Barnes was an American writer who played an important part in the development of 20th century English language modernist writing and was one of the key figures in 1920s and 30s bohemian Paris after filling a similar role in the Greenwich Village of the teens...
, Randolph BourneRandolph Silliman Bourne was a progressive writer and public intellectual born in Bloomfield, New Jersey, and a graduate of Columbia University...
, Kenneth BurkeKenneth Duva Burke was a major American literary theorist and philosopher. Burke's primary interests were in rhetoric and aesthetics.-Personal History:...
, Hart CraneHarold Hart Crane was an American poet. Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, Crane wrote poetry that was traditional in form, difficult and often archaic in language, and which sought to express something more than the ironic despair that Crane found in Eliot's...
, e. e. cummingsEdward Estlin Cummings , popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as e. e. cummings , was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright...
, Charles DemuthCharles Demuth was an American watercolorist who turned to oils late in his career, developing a style of painting known as Precisionism....
, Kahlil Gibran, Gaston LachaiseGaston Lachaise was a French-American sculptor, active in the early 20th century. A native of Paris he was most noted for his female nudes such as Standing Woman.- Biography :Gaston Lachaiseborn March 19, 1882, Paris, France...
, Amy LowellAmy Lawrence Lowell was an American poet of the imagist school from Brookline, Massachusetts who posthumously won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1926.- Personal life:Lowell was born into Brookline's prominent Lowell family...
, Marianne MooreMarianne Moore was a Modernist American poet and writer noted for her irony and wit.- Life :Moore was born in Kirkwood, Missouri, in the manse of the Presbyterian church where her maternal grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. She was the daughter of construction engineer and...
, Ezra PoundEzra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry...
, Odilon RedonBertrand-Jean Redon, better known as Odilon Redon was a French Symbolist painter, printmaker, draughtsman and pastellist.-Life:...
, Paul RosenfeldPaul Leopold Rosenfeld was an American journalist, best known as a music critic.He was born in New York City into a German-Jewish family...
, Bertrand RussellBertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was an English philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died.Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the...
, Carl SandburgCarl Sandburg was an American writer and editor, best known for his poetry. He won three Pulitzer Prizes, two for his poetry and another for a biography of Abraham Lincoln. H. L. Mencken called Carl Sandburg "indubitably an American in every pulse-beat."-Biography:Sandburg was born in Galesburg,...
, Gilbert SeldesGilbert Vivian Seldes was an American writer and cultural critic. He was editor and drama critic of The Dial. He is most famous for his 1924 book, The Seven Lively Arts....
, Sganarelle, Van Wyck BrooksVan Wyck Brooks was an American literary critic, biographer, and historian.- Biography :Brooks was educated at Harvard University and graduated in 1908...
, W. B. Yeats
- Vol. 69 (July–December 1920) Richard Aldington
Richard Aldington born Edward Godfree Aldington, was an English writer and poet.Aldington was best known for his World War I poetry, the 1929 novel, Death of a Hero, and the controversy arising from his 1955 Lawrence of Arabia: A Biographical Inquiry...
, Julien BendaJulien Benda was a French philosopher and novelist.Born into a Jewish family, Benda became a master of French belles-lettres. Yet he believed that science was superior to literature as a method of inquiry...
, Kenneth BurkeKenneth Duva Burke was a major American literary theorist and philosopher. Burke's primary interests were in rhetoric and aesthetics.-Personal History:...
, Joseph ConradJoseph Conrad was a Polish-born British novelist, who in 1886 became a British subject....
, Stewart Davis, T. S. EliotThomas Stearns Eliot, OM , was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. Among his most famous writings are The Love Song of J...
, Waldo FrankWaldo Frank was a prolific novelist, historian, literary and social critic. Most well-known for his studies of Spanish and Latin American literature, Frank served as chairman of the First Americans Writers Congress and became the first president of the League of American Writers.-Biography:Frank...
, Paul GauguinEugène Henri Paul Gauguin was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. His bold experimentation with colouring led directly to the Synthetist style of modern art while his expression of the inherent meaning of the subjects in his paintings, under the influence of the cloisonnist style, paved the way...
, Remy de GourmontRemy de Gourmont was a French Symbolist poet, novelist, and influential critic. He was widely read in his era, and an important influence on Blaise Cendrars. -Life:De Gourmont came from a publishing family from Cotentin...
, Ford Maddox Ford, Henry McBrideHenry McBride was an American art critic. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, to Quaker parents. He studied art in New York City at the Artist-Artisan Institute and later took night classes at the Art Students League of New York. McBride started the art department of The Educational...
, Ezra PoundEzra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry...
, Marcel ProustValentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust was a French novelist, essayist, and critic, best known as the author of À la recherche du temps perdu , a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction published in seven parts from 1913 to...
, Arthur RimbaudJean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud was a French poet, born in Charleville, Ardennes. As part of the decadent movement, his influence on modern literature, music and art has been enduring and pervasive...
, Vincent Van GoghVincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact. He suffered from anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of mental illness throughout his life, and died largely unknown, at the age...
, William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams , also known as WCW, was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine...
, William Butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms...
- Vol. 70 (January–June 1921) Richard Aldington
Richard Aldington born Edward Godfree Aldington, was an English writer and poet.Aldington was best known for his World War I poetry, the 1929 novel, Death of a Hero, and the controversy arising from his 1955 Lawrence of Arabia: A Biographical Inquiry...
, Sherwood AndersonSherwood Anderson was an American writer, mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg, Ohio...
, Johan BojerJohan Bojer was a popular Norwegian novelist and dramatist. He principally wrote about the lives of the poor farmers and fishermen, both in his native Norway and among the Norwegian immigrants in the United States....
, Jean CocteauJean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau was a French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, boxing manager, playwright, artist and filmmaker...
, e. e. cummingsEdward Estlin Cummings , popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as e. e. cummings , was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright...
, John Dos PassosJohn Roderigo Dos Passos was an American novelist and artist.-Early life:Dos Passos was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of John Randolph Dos Passos Jr. . The elder Dos Passos was a lawyer of Madeiran Portuguese descent, the son of John Randolph Dos Passos and Mary Hays and the brother of Louis...
, T. S. EliotThomas Stearns Eliot, OM , was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. Among his most famous writings are The Love Song of J...
, Kahlil Gibran, Remy de GourmontRemy de Gourmont was a French Symbolist poet, novelist, and influential critic. He was widely read in his era, and an important influence on Blaise Cendrars. -Life:De Gourmont came from a publishing family from Cotentin...
, Ford Maddox Ford, Gaston LachaiseGaston Lachaise was a French-American sculptor, active in the early 20th century. A native of Paris he was most noted for his female nudes such as Standing Woman.- Biography :Gaston Lachaiseborn March 19, 1882, Paris, France...
, D. H. LawrenceDavid Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation...
, Wyndham LewisPercy Wyndham Lewis was an English painter and author . He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art, and edited the literary magazine of the Vorticists, BLAST...
, Vachel LindsayNicholas Vachel Lindsay was an American poet. He is considered the father of modern singing poetry, as he referred to it, in which verses are meant to be sung or chanted. His numerous correspondences with the poet Yeats detail his intentions to revive the musical qualities in poetry as had been...
,Mina LoyMina Loy born Mina Gertrude Lowy was an artist, poet, playwright, novelist, Futurist, actress, Christian Scientist, designer of lamps and bohemian extraordinaire. She was one of the last of the first generation modernists to achieve posthumous recognition. Her poetry was admired by T. S...
, Thomas MannThomas Mann was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual...
, Henry McBrideHenry McBride was an American art critic. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, to Quaker parents. He studied art in New York City at the Artist-Artisan Institute and later took night classes at the Art Students League of New York. McBride started the art department of The Educational...
, George MooreGeorge Moore may refer to:*George Edward Moore , G.E. Moore, British philosopher*George Moore , landowner and High Sheriff of Derbyshire*George Moore *George T. D...
, Marianne MooreMarianne Moore was a Modernist American poet and writer noted for her irony and wit.- Life :Moore was born in Kirkwood, Missouri, in the manse of the Presbyterian church where her maternal grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. She was the daughter of construction engineer and...
, Edwin Arlington RobinsonEdwin Arlington Robinson was an American poet, who won three Pulitzer Prizes for his work.- Biography :Robinson was born in Head Tide, Lincoln County, Maine, but his family moved to Gardiner, Maine, in 1870...
, Paul RosenfeldPaul Leopold Rosenfeld was an American journalist, best known as a music critic.He was born in New York City into a German-Jewish family...
, Gilbert SeldesGilbert Vivian Seldes was an American writer and cultural critic. He was editor and drama critic of The Dial. He is most famous for his 1924 book, The Seven Lively Arts....
- Vol. 71 (July–December 1921) Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson was an American writer, mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg, Ohio...
, Padraic ColumPadraic Colum was an Irish poet, novelist, dramatist, biographer and collector of folklore. He was one of the leading figures of the Celtic Revival.-Early life:...
, Arthur DoveArthur Garfield Dove was an American artist. An early American modernist, he was one of America's first abstract painters.-Childhood:...
, Anatole FranceAnatole France , born François-Anatole Thibault, was a French poet, journalist, and novelist. He was born in Paris, and died in Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire. He was a successful novelist, with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters...
, D. H. LawrenceDavid Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation...
, Wyndham LewisPercy Wyndham Lewis was an English painter and author . He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art, and edited the literary magazine of the Vorticists, BLAST...
, Amy LowellAmy Lawrence Lowell was an American poet of the imagist school from Brookline, Massachusetts who posthumously won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1926.- Personal life:Lowell was born into Brookline's prominent Lowell family...
, Marianne MooreMarianne Moore was a Modernist American poet and writer noted for her irony and wit.- Life :Moore was born in Kirkwood, Missouri, in the manse of the Presbyterian church where her maternal grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. She was the daughter of construction engineer and...
, J. Middleton Murry, Pablo PicassoPablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Commonly known simply as Picasso, he is one of the most recognized figures in 20th-century art...
, Ezra PoundEzra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry...
, Logan Pearsall SmithLogan Pearsall Smith was an American-born essayist and critic, and a notable writer on historical semantics.Smith was born in Millville, New Jersey the son of the prominent Quakers Robert Pearsall Smith and Hannah Whitall Smith. His father's family had become wealthy from its glass factories...
, Arthur SchnitzlerDr. Arthur Schnitzler was an Austrian author and dramatist.- Biography :Arthur Schnitzler, the son of a prominent Hungarian-Jewish laryngologist Johann Schnitzler and Luise Markbreiter , was born in Praterstraße 16, Leopoldstadt, Vienna, then Vienna was the...
, Max WeberMaximilian Carl Emil Weber was a German lawyer, politician, historian, sociologist and political economist, who profoundly influenced social theory and the remit of sociology itself. His major works dealt with the rationalization, bureaucratization, and 'disenchantment' he associated with the...
, William Butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms...
- Vol. 72 (January–June 1922) Conrad Aiken
Conrad Potter Aiken was an American novelist and poet, whose work includes poetry, short stories, novels, and an autobiography.-Early years:...
, Sherwood AndersonSherwood Anderson was an American writer, mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg, Ohio...
, Louis AragonLouis Aragon Louis Aragon Louis Aragon , was a French poet, novelist and editor, a long-time political supporter of the Communist Party and a member of the Académie Goncourt.-Early life (1897-1939) :...
, Alexander ArchipenkoAlexander Porfyrovych Archipenko was a Ukrainian avant-garde artist, sculptor and graphic artist.-Biography:...
, Maxwell BodenheimMaxwell Bodenheim was an American poet and novelist who was known as the King of Greenwich Village Bohemians. His writing brought him international fame during the Jazz Age of the 1920s.-Biography:...
, Ivan Bunin, Kenneth BurkeKenneth Duva Burke was a major American literary theorist and philosopher. Burke's primary interests were in rhetoric and aesthetics.-Personal History:...
, Ananda CoomaraswamyAnanda Kentish Coomaraswamy was a Sri Lankan philosopher...
, Hart CraneHarold Hart Crane was an American poet. Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, Crane wrote poetry that was traditional in form, difficult and often archaic in language, and which sought to express something more than the ironic despair that Crane found in Eliot's...
, Thomas Jewel Craven, S. Foster DamonS Foster Damon was an American academic, a specialist in William Blake, a critic and a poet. He was born in Newton, Massachusetts. He was one of the Harvard Aesthetes, and married Louise Wheelwright, sister of John Wheelwright who was another poet identified with that grouping...
, e. e. cummingsEdward Estlin Cummings , popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as e. e. cummings , was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright...
, Alfeo Faggi, Herman Hesse, A. L. Kroeber, D. H. LawrenceDavid Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation...
, Henri MatisseHenri Matisse was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid, brilliant and original draughtsmanship. He was a master draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but excelled primarily as a painter. Matisse is regarded, with Picasso, as the greatest artist of the 20th century...
, Henry McBrideHenry McBride was an American art critic. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, to Quaker parents. He studied art in New York City at the Artist-Artisan Institute and later took night classes at the Art Students League of New York. McBride started the art department of The Educational...
, Raymond MortimerCharles Raymond Mortimer Bell , who wrote under the name Raymond Mortimer, was a British writer, known mostly as a critic and literary editor....
, Paul RosenfeldPaul Leopold Rosenfeld was an American journalist, best known as a music critic.He was born in New York City into a German-Jewish family...
, Henri RousseauHenri Julien Félix Rousseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. He was also known as Le Douanier after his place of employment...
, Bertrand RussellBertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was an English philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died.Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the...
, Carl SandburgCarl Sandburg was an American writer and editor, best known for his poetry. He won three Pulitzer Prizes, two for his poetry and another for a biography of Abraham Lincoln. H. L. Mencken called Carl Sandburg "indubitably an American in every pulse-beat."-Biography:Sandburg was born in Galesburg,...
, George SantayanaGeorge Santayana , was a philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. A lifelong Spanish citizen, Santayana was raised and educated in the United States, wrote in English and is generally considered an American man of letters. Of his nearly 89 years, he spent 39 in the U.S...
, Gilbert SeldesGilbert Vivian Seldes was an American writer and cultural critic. He was editor and drama critic of The Dial. He is most famous for his 1924 book, The Seven Lively Arts....
, May SinclairMay Sinclair was the pseudonym of Mary Amelia St. Clair , a popular British writer who wrote about two dozen novels, short stories and poetry. She was an active suffragist, and member of the Woman Writers' Suffrage League...
, Paul ValéryAmbroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. His interests were sufficiently broad that he can be classified as a polymath...
- Vol. 73 (July–December 1922) Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson was an American writer, mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg, Ohio...
, Constantin BrancusiConstantin Brâncuşi was an internationally renowned Romanian sculptor whose works, which blend simplicity and sophistication, led the way for numerous modernist sculptors.-Early years:...
, Marc ChagallMarc Chagall ; [shuh-GAHL] , was a Russian-French artist, associated with several key art movements and was one of the most successful artists of the twentieth century. He forged a unique career in virtually every artistic medium, including paintings, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets,...
, John Dos PassosJohn Roderigo Dos Passos was an American novelist and artist.-Early life:Dos Passos was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of John Randolph Dos Passos Jr. . The elder Dos Passos was a lawyer of Madeiran Portuguese descent, the son of John Randolph Dos Passos and Mary Hays and the brother of Louis...
, T. S. EliotThomas Stearns Eliot, OM , was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. Among his most famous writings are The Love Song of J...
, Elie FaureJacques Élie Faure was a French art historian and essayist.- Works :* Vélasquez * Formes et Forces * Les Constructeurs * La sainte Face...
, Duncan GrantDuncan James Corrowr Grant was a Scottish painter and member of the Bloomsbury Group. He was a cousin of John Grant, Lord Huntingtower and grandson of the second Sir John Peter Grant ....
, Herman Hesse, Hugo von HofmannsthalHugo Laurenz August Hofmann von Hofmannsthal , was an Austrian novelist, librettist, poet, dramatist, narrator, and essayist.-Life:...
, D. H. LawrenceDavid Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation...
, Mina LoyMina Loy born Mina Gertrude Lowy was an artist, poet, playwright, novelist, Futurist, actress, Christian Scientist, designer of lamps and bohemian extraordinaire. She was one of the last of the first generation modernists to achieve posthumous recognition. Her poetry was admired by T. S...
, Franz MarcFranz Marc was one of the principal painters and printmakers of the German Expressionist movement. He was a founding member of "Der Blaue Reiter" , an almanac the name of which later became synonymous with the circle of artists collaborating in it.-Life and work:Franz Marc was born in 1880, in the...
, Henri MatisseHenri Matisse was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid, brilliant and original draughtsmanship. He was a master draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but excelled primarily as a painter. Matisse is regarded, with Picasso, as the greatest artist of the 20th century...
, Thomas MannThomas Mann was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual...
, Raymond MortimerCharles Raymond Mortimer Bell , who wrote under the name Raymond Mortimer, was a British writer, known mostly as a critic and literary editor....
, Paul RosenfeldPaul Leopold Rosenfeld was an American journalist, best known as a music critic.He was born in New York City into a German-Jewish family...
, Arthur SchnitzlerDr. Arthur Schnitzler was an Austrian author and dramatist.- Biography :Arthur Schnitzler, the son of a prominent Hungarian-Jewish laryngologist Johann Schnitzler and Luise Markbreiter , was born in Praterstraße 16, Leopoldstadt, Vienna, then Vienna was the...
, Wallace StevensWallace Stevens was an American Modernist poet. He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, educated at Harvard and then New York Law School, and spent most of his life working as a lawyer for an insurance company in Connecticut.His best-known poems include "Anecdote of the Jar," "Disillusionment of...
, Edmund WilsonEdmund Wilson was an American writer and literary critic. Wilson was considered one of the preeminent American literary critics.-Early life:...
, William Butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms...
- Vol. 74 (January–June 1923) Conrad Aiken
Conrad Potter Aiken was an American novelist and poet, whose work includes poetry, short stories, novels, and an autobiography.-Early years:...
, Sherwood AndersonSherwood Anderson was an American writer, mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg, Ohio...
, Malcolm CowleyMalcolm Cowley was an American novelist, poet, literary critic, and journalist.-Biography:...
, e. e. cummingsEdward Estlin Cummings , popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as e. e. cummings , was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright...
, Stuart DavisStuart Davis , was an early American modernist painter. He was well known for his Jazz influenced, proto pop art paintings of the 1940s and 1950s, bold, brash, and colorful.-Biography:...
, John DeweyJohn Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been very influential. Dewey, along with Charles Sanders Peirce and William James, is recognized as one of the founders of the philosophy of pragmatism and of functional psychology...
, Gerhart HauptmannGerhart Hauptmann was a German dramatist who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1912.-Hauptmann's career as a playwright:...
, Hugo von HofmannsthalHugo Laurenz August Hofmann von Hofmannsthal , was an Austrian novelist, librettist, poet, dramatist, narrator, and essayist.-Life:...
, Marie LaurencinMarie Laurencin was a French painter and printmaker.-Biography:Laurencin was born in Paris where she was raised by her mother and lived much of her life. When she was 18 years old, she studied porcelain painting in Sèvres...
, D. H. LawrenceDavid Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation...
, Thomas MannThomas Mann was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual...
, Katherine MansfieldKathleen Mansfield Murry was a prominent modernist writer of short fiction from New Zealand who wrote under the pen name of Katherine Mansfield.-Biography:-Early life:...
, Frans MasereelFrans Masereel was a Flemish painter and is considered one of the greatest woodcut artists of the twentieth century. He was educated by the Ghent painter Jean Delvin at the Ghent Academy of Fine Art. He settled in France in 1910, then moved to Switzerland in 1914 then in 1921 to Paris and later...
, Henry McBrideHenry McBride was an American art critic. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, to Quaker parents. He studied art in New York City at the Artist-Artisan Institute and later took night classes at the Art Students League of New York. McBride started the art department of The Educational...
, George MooreGeorge Moore may refer to:*George Edward Moore , G.E. Moore, British philosopher*George Moore , landowner and High Sheriff of Derbyshire*George Moore *George T. D...
, Marianne MooreMarianne Moore was a Modernist American poet and writer noted for her irony and wit.- Life :Moore was born in Kirkwood, Missouri, in the manse of the Presbyterian church where her maternal grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. She was the daughter of construction engineer and...
, Raymond MortimerCharles Raymond Mortimer Bell , who wrote under the name Raymond Mortimer, was a British writer, known mostly as a critic and literary editor....
, Pablo PicassoPablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Commonly known simply as Picasso, he is one of the most recognized figures in 20th-century art...
, Ezra PoundEzra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry...
, Paul RosenfeldPaul Leopold Rosenfeld was an American journalist, best known as a music critic.He was born in New York City into a German-Jewish family...
, Henri RousseauHenri Julien Félix Rousseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. He was also known as Le Douanier after his place of employment...
, Edmund WilsonEdmund Wilson was an American writer and literary critic. Wilson was considered one of the preeminent American literary critics.-Early life:...
, William Butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms...
, Stefan ZweigStefan Zweig was an Austrian novelist, playwright, journalist and biographer.- Life :...
- Vol. 75 (July–December 1923) Djuna Barnes
Djuna Barnes was an American writer who played an important part in the development of 20th century English language modernist writing and was one of the key figures in 1920s and 30s bohemian Paris after filling a similar role in the Greenwich Village of the teens...
, Pierre BonnardPierre Bonnard was a French painter and printmaker, a founding member of Les Nabis.-Biography:Bonnard was born in Fontenay-aux-Roses. He led a happy and careless youth as the son of a prominent official of the French Ministry of War. At the insistence of his father, Bonnard studied law, graduating...
, Van Wyck BrooksVan Wyck Brooks was an American literary critic, biographer, and historian.- Biography :Brooks was educated at Harvard University and graduated in 1908...
, Karel ČapekKarel Čapek was one of the most influential Czech writers of the 20th century. He introduced and made popular the frequently used international word robot, which first appeared in his play R.U.R. in 1921...
, Adolphe Dehn, Andre DerainAndré Derain was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse.- Biography :Derain was born in 1880 in Chatou, Yvelines, Île-de-France, just outside Paris. In 1898, while studying to be an engineer at the Académie Camillo, he attended painting classes under Eugène Carrière, and...
, Roger FryRoger Eliot Fry was an English artist and an art critic, and a member of the Bloomsbury group. Despite establishing his reputation as a scholar of the Old Masters, as he matured as a critic he became an advocate of more recent developments in French painting, to which he gave the name...
, Alyse GregoryAlyse Gregory was an American suffragist and writer.One of her first great loves was music and she spent some of her early years in Europe training to be a singer, but on returning to the United States became involved in local politics and the women’s suffrage movement, for which she was a...
, Knut HamsunKnut Hamsun was a Norwegian author. He was considered by Isaac Bashevis Singer to be the "father of modern literature", and by King Haakon to be Norway's soul. In 1920, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil"...
, Manuel KomroffManuel Komroff was an American writer of plays, novels and screenplays. There is a large 48x31" portrait of a 24 year old, foppish Komroff, dated 1914 by Leon Kroll in the Portland Museum of Art. Komroff is standing indoors, 3/4 view , dressed to go outside...
, Alfred KreymborgAlfred Francis Kreymborg was an American poet, novelist, playwright, literary editor and anthologist.-Early life and associations:...
, Julius Meier-GraefeJulius Meier-Graefe was a German art critic and novellist. His writings on Impressionism, Post-Impressionism as well as on art of earlier and more recent generations, with his most important contributions translated into French, Russian and English, are considered to have been instrumental for the...
, Marie LaurencinMarie Laurencin was a French painter and printmaker.-Biography:Laurencin was born in Paris where she was raised by her mother and lived much of her life. When she was 18 years old, she studied porcelain painting in Sèvres...
, George MooreGeorge Moore may refer to:*George Edward Moore , G.E. Moore, British philosopher*George Moore , landowner and High Sheriff of Derbyshire*George Moore *George T. D...
, Paul MorandPaul Morand was a French diplomat, novelist, playwright and poet, considered an early Modernist.He was a graduate of the Paris Institute of Political Studies...
, Luigi PirandelloLuigi Pirandello was an Italian dramatist, novelist, and short story writer awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1934,for his "bold and brilliant renovation of the drama and the stage." Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and c. 40 plays, some of which are written in...
, Bertrand RussellBertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was an English philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died.Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the...
, Edward SapirEdward Sapir , was a German-born American anthropologist-linguist and a leader in American structural linguistics. He was one of the creators of what is now called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis...
, Georges Seurat, Jean ToomerJean Toomer was an American poet and novelist and an important figure of the Harlem Renaissance.-Biography:...
, William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams , also known as WCW, was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine...
, Edmund WilsonEdmund Wilson was an American writer and literary critic. Wilson was considered one of the preeminent American literary critics.-Early life:...
, Virginia WoolfAdeline Virginia Woolf was an English novelist, essayist, epistler, publisher, feminist, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century....
- Vol. 76 (January–June 1924) Marc Chagall
Marc Chagall ; [shuh-GAHL] , was a Russian-French artist, associated with several key art movements and was one of the most successful artists of the twentieth century. He forged a unique career in virtually every artistic medium, including paintings, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets,...
, Padric Colum, e. e. cummingsEdward Estlin Cummings , popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as e. e. cummings , was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright...
, Jacob EpsteinSir Jacob Epstein was an American-born British sculptor who worked chiefly in the UK, where he pioneered modern sculpture, often producing controversial works that challenged taboos concerning what public artworks appropriately depict...
, Elie FaureJacques Élie Faure was a French art historian and essayist.- Works :* Vélasquez * Formes et Forces * Les Constructeurs * La sainte Face...
, E. M. ForsterEdward Morgan Forster OM, CH , was an English novelist, short story writer, essayist and librettist. He is known best for his ironic and well-plotted novels examining class difference and hypocrisy and also the attitudes towards gender and homosexuality in early 20th-century British society...
, Maxim GorkyAleksey Maksimovich Peshkov , better known as Maxim Gorky , was a Russian/Soviet author, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist...
, Gaston LachaiseGaston Lachaise was a French-American sculptor, active in the early 20th century. A native of Paris he was most noted for his female nudes such as Standing Woman.- Biography :Gaston Lachaiseborn March 19, 1882, Paris, France...
, Marie LaurencinMarie Laurencin was a French painter and printmaker.-Biography:Laurencin was born in Paris where she was raised by her mother and lived much of her life. When she was 18 years old, she studied porcelain painting in Sèvres...
, Aristide MaillolAristide Maillol or Aristides Maillol was a French Catalan sculptor and painter.-Biography:Maillol was born in Banyuls-sur-Mer, Roussillon. He decided at an early age to become a painter, and moved to Paris in 1881 to study art...
, Heinrich MannLuiz Heinrich Mann was a German novelist who wrote works with social themes whose attacks on the authoritarian and increasingly militaristic nature of post-Weimar German society led to his exile in 1933....
, Thomas MannThomas Mann was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual...
, John MarinJohn Marin born in Rutherford, New Jersey, was an early American modernist artist. He was known for his abstract landscapes and watercolors.-Biography:...
, H. L. MenckenHenry Louis "H. L." Mencken , was an American journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, acerbic critic of American life and culture, and a student of American English...
, Edvard MunchEdvard Munch was a Norwegian Symbolist painter, printmaker and an important forerunner of expressionistic art...
, J. Middleton Murry, Pablo PicassoPablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Commonly known simply as Picasso, he is one of the most recognized figures in 20th-century art...
, Raffaello Piccolli, Herbert ReadSir Herbert Edward Read, DSO, MC was an English anarchist poet, and critic of literature and art. He was one of the earliest English writers to take notice of existentialism, and was strongly influenced by proto-existentialist thinker Max Stirner.-Early life:He was born in Kirkbymoorside in North...
, Edwin Arlington RobinsonEdwin Arlington Robinson was an American poet, who won three Pulitzer Prizes for his work.- Biography :Robinson was born in Head Tide, Lincoln County, Maine, but his family moved to Gardiner, Maine, in 1870...
, Herbert J. Seligmann, Miguel de UnamunoMiguel de Unamuno y Jugo was an essayist, novelist, poet, playwright and philosopher from Bilbao, Biscay, Basque Country, Spain.-Biography:...
, Maurice de Vlaminick, Stefan ZweigStefan Zweig was an Austrian novelist, playwright, journalist and biographer.- Life :...
- Vol. 77 (July–December 1924) Ernst Barlach
Ernst Barlach was a German expressionist sculptor, printmaker and writer. Although he was a supporter of the war in the years leading to World War I, his participation in the war made him change his position, and he is mostly known for his sculptures protesting against the war...
, Clive BellArthur Clive Heward Bell was an English Art critic, associated with formalism and the Bloomsbury Group.- Origins :Clive Bell was born in East Shefford, Berkshire, in 1881...
, Marc ChagallMarc Chagall ; [shuh-GAHL] , was a Russian-French artist, associated with several key art movements and was one of the most successful artists of the twentieth century. He forged a unique career in virtually every artistic medium, including paintings, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets,...
, Thomas Craven, Adolphe Dehn, Andre DerainAndré Derain was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse.- Biography :Derain was born in 1880 in Chatou, Yvelines, Île-de-France, just outside Paris. In 1898, while studying to be an engineer at the Académie Camillo, he attended painting classes under Eugène Carrière, and...
, Jose Ortega y GassetJosé Ortega y Gasset was a Spanish liberal philosopher working at the beginning of the 20th century while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism and dictatorship.-Biography:...
, Maxim GorkyAleksey Maksimovich Peshkov , better known as Maxim Gorky , was a Russian/Soviet author, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist...
, Duncan GrantDuncan James Corrowr Grant was a Scottish painter and member of the Bloomsbury Group. He was a cousin of John Grant, Lord Huntingtower and grandson of the second Sir John Peter Grant ....
, Marianne MooreMarianne Moore was a Modernist American poet and writer noted for her irony and wit.- Life :Moore was born in Kirkwood, Missouri, in the manse of the Presbyterian church where her maternal grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. She was the daughter of construction engineer and...
, Edwin MuirEdwin Muir was an Orcadian poet, novelist and noted translator born on a farm in Deerness on the Orkney Islands...
, Jules RomainsJules Romains, born Louis Henri Jean Farigoule , was a French poet and writer and the founder of the Unanimism literary movement. His works include the play Dr...
, Bertrand RussellBertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was an English philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died.Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the...
, Carl SandburgCarl Sandburg was an American writer and editor, best known for his poetry. He won three Pulitzer Prizes, two for his poetry and another for a biography of Abraham Lincoln. H. L. Mencken called Carl Sandburg "indubitably an American in every pulse-beat."-Biography:Sandburg was born in Galesburg,...
, Herbert J. Seligmann, Georges Seurat, Logan Pearsall SmithLogan Pearsall Smith was an American-born essayist and critic, and a notable writer on historical semantics.Smith was born in Millville, New Jersey the son of the prominent Quakers Robert Pearsall Smith and Hannah Whitall Smith. His father's family had become wealthy from its glass factories...
, Oswald SpenglerOswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler was a German historian and philosopher whose interests also included mathematics, science, and art. He is best known for his book The Decline of the West in which he puts forth a cyclical theory of the rise and decline of civilizations...
, Leo SteinLeo Stein was an American art collector and critic. In addition to being elder brother to Gertrude Stein, he is also remembered as an influential promoter of 20th-century paintings....
, Wallace StevensWallace Stevens was an American Modernist poet. He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, educated at Harvard and then New York Law School, and spent most of his life working as a lawyer for an insurance company in Connecticut.His best-known poems include "Anecdote of the Jar," "Disillusionment of...
, Scofield ThayerScofield Thayer was an American poet and publisher, best known for his art collection, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and as a publisher and editor of the literary magazine The Dial during the 1920s....
, Edmund WilsonEdmund Wilson was an American writer and literary critic. Wilson was considered one of the preeminent American literary critics.-Early life:...
, Virginia WoolfAdeline Virginia Woolf was an English novelist, essayist, epistler, publisher, feminist, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century....
- Vol. 78 (January–June 1925) Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson was an American writer, mainly of short stories, most notably the collection Winesburg, Ohio...
, Clive BellArthur Clive Heward Bell was an English Art critic, associated with formalism and the Bloomsbury Group.- Origins :Clive Bell was born in East Shefford, Berkshire, in 1881...
, T. S. EliotThomas Stearns Eliot, OM , was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. Among his most famous writings are The Love Song of J...
, Hugo von HofmannsthalHugo Laurenz August Hofmann von Hofmannsthal , was an Austrian novelist, librettist, poet, dramatist, narrator, and essayist.-Life:...
, Henri MatisseHenri Matisse was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid, brilliant and original draughtsmanship. He was a master draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but excelled primarily as a painter. Matisse is regarded, with Picasso, as the greatest artist of the 20th century...
, Henry McBrideHenry McBride was an American art critic. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, to Quaker parents. He studied art in New York City at the Artist-Artisan Institute and later took night classes at the Art Students League of New York. McBride started the art department of The Educational...
, Marianne MooreMarianne Moore was a Modernist American poet and writer noted for her irony and wit.- Life :Moore was born in Kirkwood, Missouri, in the manse of the Presbyterian church where her maternal grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. She was the daughter of construction engineer and...
, Paul MorandPaul Morand was a French diplomat, novelist, playwright and poet, considered an early Modernist.He was a graduate of the Paris Institute of Political Studies...
, Raymond MortimerCharles Raymond Mortimer Bell , who wrote under the name Raymond Mortimer, was a British writer, known mostly as a critic and literary editor....
, Lewis MumfordLewis Mumford was an American historian and philosopher of technology and science. Particularly noted for his study of cities and urban architecture, he had a tremendously broad career as a writer that also included a period as an influential literary critic...
, Edvard MunchEdvard Munch was a Norwegian Symbolist painter, printmaker and an important forerunner of expressionistic art...
, Georgia O'KeeffeGeorgia Totto O'Keeffe was an American artist. Born near Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, O'Keeffe was a major figure in American art from the 1920s. She received widespread recognition for her technical contributions, as well as for challenging the boundaries of modern American artistic style...
, Auguste RodinAuguste Rodin[p] was a French sculptor. Although Rodin is generally considered the progenitor of modern sculpture, he did not set out to rebel against the past...
, Paul RosenfeldPaul Leopold Rosenfeld was an American journalist, best known as a music critic.He was born in New York City into a German-Jewish family...
, George SantayanaGeorge Santayana , was a philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. A lifelong Spanish citizen, Santayana was raised and educated in the United States, wrote in English and is generally considered an American man of letters. Of his nearly 89 years, he spent 39 in the U.S...
, Oswald SpenglerOswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler was a German historian and philosopher whose interests also included mathematics, science, and art. He is best known for his book The Decline of the West in which he puts forth a cyclical theory of the rise and decline of civilizations...
, William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams , also known as WCW, was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine...
, Virginia WoolfAdeline Virginia Woolf was an English novelist, essayist, epistler, publisher, feminist, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century....
- Vol. 79 (July–December 1925) Thomas Hart Benton
Thomas Hart Benton was an American painter and muralist. Along with Grant Wood and John Steuart Curry, he was at the forefront of the Regionalist art movement. His fluid, almost sculpted paintings showed everyday scenes of life in the United States...
, Pierre BonnardPierre Bonnard was a French painter and printmaker, a founding member of Les Nabis.-Biography:Bonnard was born in Fontenay-aux-Roses. He led a happy and careless youth as the son of a prominent official of the French Ministry of War. At the insistence of his father, Bonnard studied law, graduating...
, Kenneth BurkeKenneth Duva Burke was a major American literary theorist and philosopher. Burke's primary interests were in rhetoric and aesthetics.-Personal History:...
, Joseph CampbellJoseph Campbell was an Irish poet and lyricist. He wrote as Seosamh Mac Cathmhaoil , which has been Anglicised to Joseph McCahill on occasion...
, Thomas Craven, Malcolm CowleyMalcolm Cowley was an American novelist, poet, literary critic, and journalist.-Biography:...
, e. e. cummingsEdward Estlin Cummings , popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as e. e. cummings , was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright...
, Charles DemuthCharles Demuth was an American watercolorist who turned to oils late in his career, developing a style of painting known as Precisionism....
, Dostoevsky, Arthur DoveArthur Garfield Dove was an American artist. An early American modernist, he was one of America's first abstract painters.-Childhood:...
, Elie FaureJacques Élie Faure was a French art historian and essayist.- Works :* Vélasquez * Formes et Forces * Les Constructeurs * La sainte Face...
, Waldo FrankWaldo Frank was a prolific novelist, historian, literary and social critic. Most well-known for his studies of Spanish and Latin American literature, Frank served as chairman of the First Americans Writers Congress and became the first president of the League of American Writers.-Biography:Frank...
, Roger FryRoger Eliot Fry was an English artist and an art critic, and a member of the Bloomsbury group. Despite establishing his reputation as a scholar of the Old Masters, as he matured as a critic he became an advocate of more recent developments in French painting, to which he gave the name...
, Eduard von KeyserlingEduard Graf von Keyserling was a Baltic German fiction writer and dramatist and an exponent of literary Impressionism.-Biography:...
, Marie LaurencinMarie Laurencin was a French painter and printmaker.-Biography:Laurencin was born in Paris where she was raised by her mother and lived much of her life. When she was 18 years old, she studied porcelain painting in Sèvres...
, D. H. LawrenceDavid Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation...
, Mabel Dodge LuhanMabel Evans Dodge Sterne Luhan , née Ganson was a wealthy American patron of the arts. She is particularly associated with the Taos art colony.-Early life:...
, Thomas MannThomas Mann was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual...
, Henry McBrideHenry McBride was an American art critic. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, to Quaker parents. He studied art in New York City at the Artist-Artisan Institute and later took night classes at the Art Students League of New York. McBride started the art department of The Educational...
, Marianne MooreMarianne Moore was a Modernist American poet and writer noted for her irony and wit.- Life :Moore was born in Kirkwood, Missouri, in the manse of the Presbyterian church where her maternal grandfather, John Riddle Warner, served as pastor. She was the daughter of construction engineer and...
, Georgia O'KeeffeGeorgia Totto O'Keeffe was an American artist. Born near Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, O'Keeffe was a major figure in American art from the 1920s. She received widespread recognition for her technical contributions, as well as for challenging the boundaries of modern American artistic style...
, Logan Pearsall SmithLogan Pearsall Smith was an American-born essayist and critic, and a notable writer on historical semantics.Smith was born in Millville, New Jersey the son of the prominent Quakers Robert Pearsall Smith and Hannah Whitall Smith. His father's family had become wealthy from its glass factories...
, Arthur SchnitzlerDr. Arthur Schnitzler was an Austrian author and dramatist.- Biography :Arthur Schnitzler, the son of a prominent Hungarian-Jewish laryngologist Johann Schnitzler and Luise Markbreiter , was born in Praterstraße 16, Leopoldstadt, Vienna, then Vienna was the...
, Edouard VuillardJean-Édouard Vuillard was a French painter and printmaker associated with the Nabis.-Early years and education:...
- Vol. 80 (January–June 1926) Alexander Archipenko
Alexander Porfyrovych Archipenko was a Ukrainian avant-garde artist, sculptor and graphic artist.-Biography:...
, Hart CraneHarold Hart Crane was an American poet. Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, Crane wrote poetry that was traditional in form, difficult and often archaic in language, and which sought to express something more than the ironic despair that Crane found in Eliot's...
, e. e. cummingsEdward Estlin Cummings , popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as e. e. cummings , was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright...
, Adolf DehnAdolf Dehn was born in Minnesota, November 22, 1895 and he died in New York City, May 19 1968. He was one of the most notable lithographers of the 20th century. Throughout his artistic career, Dehn participated in and helped define some important movements in American art, including Regionalism,...
, Alfeo Faggi, Anatole FranceAnatole France , born François-Anatole Thibault, was a French poet, journalist, and novelist. He was born in Paris, and died in Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire. He was a successful novelist, with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters...
, Waldo FrankWaldo Frank was a prolific novelist, historian, literary and social critic. Most well-known for his studies of Spanish and Latin American literature, Frank served as chairman of the First Americans Writers Congress and became the first president of the League of American Writers.-Biography:Frank...
, Robert HillyerRobert Silliman Hillyer was an American poet.-Life:He was born in East Orange, New Jersey. He attended Kent School in Kent, Connecticut and graduated from Harvard in 1917, after which he went to France and volunteered with the S.S.U. 60 of the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps serving the Allied...
, Augustus JohnAugustus Edwin John OM, RA, was a Welsh painter, draughtsman, and etcher. For a short time around 1910, he was an important exponent of Post-Impressionism in the United Kingdom....
, Nicolai Lyeskov, Aristide MaillolAristide Maillol or Aristides Maillol was a French Catalan sculptor and painter.-Biography:Maillol was born in Banyuls-sur-Mer, Roussillon. He decided at an early age to become a painter, and moved to Paris in 1881 to study art...
, Henry McBrideHenry McBride was an American art critic. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, to Quaker parents. He studied art in New York City at the Artist-Artisan Institute and later took night classes at the Art Students League of New York. McBride started the art department of The Educational...
, Pablo PicassoPablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Commonly known simply as Picasso, he is one of the most recognized figures in 20th-century art...
, Rainer Maria RilkeRainer Maria Rilke is considered one of the German language's greatest 20th-century poets...
, Paul RosenfeldPaul Leopold Rosenfeld was an American journalist, best known as a music critic.He was born in New York City into a German-Jewish family...
, Henri RousseauHenri Julien Félix Rousseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. He was also known as Le Douanier after his place of employment...
, George SaintsburyGeorge Edward Bateman Saintsbury , was an English writer and critic.-Biography:Born in Southampton, he was educated at King's College School, London, and at Merton College, Oxford , and spent six years in Guernsey as senior classical master of Elizabeth College. From 1874 to 1876 he was headmaster...
, Gilbert SeldesGilbert Vivian Seldes was an American writer and cultural critic. He was editor and drama critic of The Dial. He is most famous for his 1924 book, The Seven Lively Arts....
, Scofield ThayerScofield Thayer was an American poet and publisher, best known for his art collection, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and as a publisher and editor of the literary magazine The Dial during the 1920s....
, Paul ValéryAmbroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. His interests were sufficiently broad that he can be classified as a polymath...
, Yvor WintersArthur Yvor Winters was an American poet and literary critic. His criticism was often embroiled in controversy.-As modernist:...
- Vol. 81 (July–December 1926) Paul Cézanne
Paul Cézanne was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century...
, Hart CraneHarold Hart Crane was an American poet. Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, Crane wrote poetry that was traditional in form, difficult and often archaic in language, and which sought to express something more than the ironic despair that Crane found in Eliot's...
, Thomas Craven, John Eglinton, Roger FryRoger Eliot Fry was an English artist and an art critic, and a member of the Bloomsbury group. Despite establishing his reputation as a scholar of the Old Masters, as he matured as a critic he became an advocate of more recent developments in French painting, to which he gave the name...
, Marie LaurencinMarie Laurencin was a French painter and printmaker.-Biography:Laurencin was born in Paris where she was raised by her mother and lived much of her life. When she was 18 years old, she studied porcelain painting in Sèvres...
, D. H. LawrenceDavid Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation...
, Thomas MannThomas Mann was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual...
, Henri MatisseHenri Matisse was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid, brilliant and original draughtsmanship. He was a master draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but excelled primarily as a painter. Matisse is regarded, with Picasso, as the greatest artist of the 20th century...
, Paul MorandPaul Morand was a French diplomat, novelist, playwright and poet, considered an early Modernist.He was a graduate of the Paris Institute of Political Studies...
, Pablo PicassoPablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Commonly known simply as Picasso, he is one of the most recognized figures in 20th-century art...
, Raffaello Piccoli, Auguste RenoirPierre-Auguste Renoir was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style...
, I. A. RichardsIvor Armstrong Richards was an influential English literary critic and rhetorician....
, Bertrand RussellBertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was an English philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died.Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the...
, George SaintsburyGeorge Edward Bateman Saintsbury , was an English writer and critic.-Biography:Born in Southampton, he was educated at King's College School, London, and at Merton College, Oxford , and spent six years in Guernsey as senior classical master of Elizabeth College. From 1874 to 1876 he was headmaster...
, Gilbert SeldesGilbert Vivian Seldes was an American writer and cultural critic. He was editor and drama critic of The Dial. He is most famous for his 1924 book, The Seven Lively Arts....
, Gertrude SteinGertrude Stein was an American writer who spent most of her life in France, and who became a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. Her life was marked by two primary relationships, the first with her brother Leo Stein, from 1874-1914 , and the second with Alice B...
, William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams , also known as WCW, was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine...
, William Butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms...
- Vol. 82 (January–June 1927) Conrad Aiken
Conrad Potter Aiken was an American novelist and poet, whose work includes poetry, short stories, novels, and an autobiography.-Early years:...
, Constantin BrancusiConstantin Brâncuşi was an internationally renowned Romanian sculptor whose works, which blend simplicity and sophistication, led the way for numerous modernist sculptors.-Early years:...
, Paul CézannePaul Cézanne was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century...
, Hart CraneHarold Hart Crane was an American poet. Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, Crane wrote poetry that was traditional in form, difficult and often archaic in language, and which sought to express something more than the ironic despair that Crane found in Eliot's...
, Benedetto CroceBenedetto Croce was an Italian critic, idealist philosopher, and occasionally also a politician. He wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, methodolgy of history writing and aesthetics, and was a prominent liberal, although he opposed laissez-faire free trade...
, T. S. EliotThomas Stearns Eliot, OM , was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. Among his most famous writings are The Love Song of J...
, Ramon FernandezRamón S. Fernandez is a retired Filipino professional basketball player in Philippine Basketball Association. Fernandez won four Most Valuable Player awards and a record of 19 PBA championships bagged. Fernandez scored 18,996 points to finish as the PBA's all-time scoring leader...
, Leon Srabian, Winslow HomerWinslow Homer was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects. He is considered one of the foremost painters in 19th century America and a preeminent figure in American art....
, Oskar KokoschkaOskar Kokoschka was an Austrian artist, poet and playwright best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes....
, Thomas MannThomas Mann was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual...
, Henry McBrideHenry McBride was an American art critic. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, to Quaker parents. He studied art in New York City at the Artist-Artisan Institute and later took night classes at the Art Students League of New York. McBride started the art department of The Educational...
, Edvard MunchEdvard Munch was a Norwegian Symbolist painter, printmaker and an important forerunner of expressionistic art...
, Paul RosenfeldPaul Leopold Rosenfeld was an American journalist, best known as a music critic.He was born in New York City into a German-Jewish family...
, George SaintsburyGeorge Edward Bateman Saintsbury , was an English writer and critic.-Biography:Born in Southampton, he was educated at King's College School, London, and at Merton College, Oxford , and spent six years in Guernsey as senior classical master of Elizabeth College. From 1874 to 1876 he was headmaster...
, George SantayanaGeorge Santayana , was a philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. A lifelong Spanish citizen, Santayana was raised and educated in the United States, wrote in English and is generally considered an American man of letters. Of his nearly 89 years, he spent 39 in the U.S...
, Meridel Le SueurMeridel Le Sueur was an American writer associated with the proletarian movement of the 1930s and 1940s....
, Sacheverell SitwellSir Sacheverell Sitwell, 6th Baronet CH was an English writer, best known as an art critic and writer on architecture, particularly the baroque. He was the younger brother of Dame Edith Sitwell and Sir Osbert Sitwell....
, Vincent Van GoghVincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact. He suffered from anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of mental illness throughout his life, and died largely unknown, at the age...
, William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams , also known as WCW, was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine...
, Jack Yeats
- Vol. 83 (July–December 1927) Conrad Aiken
Conrad Potter Aiken was an American novelist and poet, whose work includes poetry, short stories, novels, and an autobiography.-Early years:...
, Paul CézannePaul Cézanne was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century...
, Malcolm CowleyMalcolm Cowley was an American novelist, poet, literary critic, and journalist.-Biography:...
, Hart CraneHarold Hart Crane was an American poet. Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, Crane wrote poetry that was traditional in form, difficult and often archaic in language, and which sought to express something more than the ironic despair that Crane found in Eliot's...
, e. e. cummingsEdward Estlin Cummings , popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as e. e. cummings , was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright...
, Andre DerainAndré Derain was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse.- Biography :Derain was born in 1880 in Chatou, Yvelines, Île-de-France, just outside Paris. In 1898, while studying to be an engineer at the Académie Camillo, he attended painting classes under Eugène Carrière, and...
, Marie LaurencinMarie Laurencin was a French painter and printmaker.-Biography:Laurencin was born in Paris where she was raised by her mother and lived much of her life. When she was 18 years old, she studied porcelain painting in Sèvres...
, D. H. LawrenceDavid Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation...
, Raymond MortimerCharles Raymond Mortimer Bell , who wrote under the name Raymond Mortimer, was a British writer, known mostly as a critic and literary editor....
, Pablo PicassoPablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Commonly known simply as Picasso, he is one of the most recognized figures in 20th-century art...
, Bertrand RussellBertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was an English philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died.Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the...
, Leo SteinLeo Stein was an American art collector and critic. In addition to being elder brother to Gertrude Stein, he is also remembered as an influential promoter of 20th-century paintings....
, Charles Trueblood, Paul ValéryAmbroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. His interests were sufficiently broad that he can be classified as a polymath...
, Vincent Van GoghVincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact. He suffered from anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of mental illness throughout his life, and died largely unknown, at the age...
, William Butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms...
- Vol. 84 (January–June 1928) Conrad Aiken
Conrad Potter Aiken was an American novelist and poet, whose work includes poetry, short stories, novels, and an autobiography.-Early years:...
, Kenneth BurkeKenneth Duva Burke was a major American literary theorist and philosopher. Burke's primary interests were in rhetoric and aesthetics.-Personal History:...
, Kwei Chen, Padraic ColumPadraic Colum was an Irish poet, novelist, dramatist, biographer and collector of folklore. He was one of the leading figures of the Celtic Revival.-Early life:...
, T. S. EliotThomas Stearns Eliot, OM , was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. Among his most famous writings are The Love Song of J...
, Robert HillyerRobert Silliman Hillyer was an American poet.-Life:He was born in East Orange, New Jersey. He attended Kent School in Kent, Connecticut and graduated from Harvard in 1917, after which he went to France and volunteered with the S.S.U. 60 of the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps serving the Allied...
, Wyndham LewisPercy Wyndham Lewis was an English painter and author . He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art, and edited the literary magazine of the Vorticists, BLAST...
, Henry McBrideHenry McBride was an American art critic. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, to Quaker parents. He studied art in New York City at the Artist-Artisan Institute and later took night classes at the Art Students League of New York. McBride started the art department of The Educational...
, Pablo PicassoPablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Commonly known simply as Picasso, he is one of the most recognized figures in 20th-century art...
, Ezra PoundEzra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry...
, Llewelyn PowysLlewelyn Powys was a British writer and younger brother of John Cowper Powys and T. F. Powys.-Life:Powys was born in Dorchester, the son of a Welsh clergyman, and was educated at Sherborne School and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. While lecturing in the United States he contracted tuberculosis...
, Odilon RedonBertrand-Jean Redon, better known as Odilon Redon was a French Symbolist painter, printmaker, draughtsman and pastellist.-Life:...
, William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams , also known as WCW, was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine...
, William Butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms...
- Vol. 85 (July–December 1928) Conrad Aiken
Conrad Potter Aiken was an American novelist and poet, whose work includes poetry, short stories, novels, and an autobiography.-Early years:...
, Kenneth BurkeKenneth Duva Burke was a major American literary theorist and philosopher. Burke's primary interests were in rhetoric and aesthetics.-Personal History:...
, Kwei Chen, Paul ClaudelPaul Claudel was a French poet, dramatist and diplomat, and the younger brother of the sculptor Camille Claudel. He was most famous for his verse dramas, which often convey his devout Catholic faith.-Life:...
, Padraic ColumPadraic Colum was an Irish poet, novelist, dramatist, biographer and collector of folklore. He was one of the leading figures of the Celtic Revival.-Early life:...
, T. S. EliotThomas Stearns Eliot, OM , was a poet, playwright, and literary critic. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. Among his most famous writings are The Love Song of J...
, Waldo FrankWaldo Frank was a prolific novelist, historian, literary and social critic. Most well-known for his studies of Spanish and Latin American literature, Frank served as chairman of the First Americans Writers Congress and became the first president of the League of American Writers.-Biography:Frank...
, Maxim Gorki, Philip Littell, Aristide MaillolAristide Maillol or Aristides Maillol was a French Catalan sculptor and painter.-Biography:Maillol was born in Banyuls-sur-Mer, Roussillon. He decided at an early age to become a painter, and moved to Paris in 1881 to study art...
, Frans MasereelFrans Masereel was a Flemish painter and is considered one of the greatest woodcut artists of the twentieth century. He was educated by the Ghent painter Jean Delvin at the Ghent Academy of Fine Art. He settled in France in 1910, then moved to Switzerland in 1914 then in 1921 to Paris and later...
, Elie NadelmanElie Nadelman was an American sculptor, draughtsman and collector of Polish birth.-Early years:...
, Pablo PicassoPablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Commonly known simply as Picasso, he is one of the most recognized figures in 20th-century art...
, Ezra PoundEzra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry...
, Logan Pearsall SmithLogan Pearsall Smith was an American-born essayist and critic, and a notable writer on historical semantics.Smith was born in Millville, New Jersey the son of the prominent Quakers Robert Pearsall Smith and Hannah Whitall Smith. His father's family had become wealthy from its glass factories...
, Joseph StellaJoseph Stella was an Italian-born, American Futurist painter best known for his depictions of industrial America. He is associated with the American Precisionism movement of the 1910s-1940s....
, Jean ToomerJean Toomer was an American poet and novelist and an important figure of the Harlem Renaissance.-Biography:...
, Charles K. Trueblood, Max WeberMaximilian Carl Emil Weber was a German lawyer, politician, historian, sociologist and political economist, who profoundly influenced social theory and the remit of sociology itself. His major works dealt with the rationalization, bureaucratization, and 'disenchantment' he associated with the...
, William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams , also known as WCW, was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine...
- Vol. 86 (January–July 1929) Conrad Aiken
Conrad Potter Aiken was an American novelist and poet, whose work includes poetry, short stories, novels, and an autobiography.-Early years:...
, Kenneth BurkeKenneth Duva Burke was a major American literary theorist and philosopher. Burke's primary interests were in rhetoric and aesthetics.-Personal History:...
, Hart CraneHarold Hart Crane was an American poet. Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, Crane wrote poetry that was traditional in form, difficult and often archaic in language, and which sought to express something more than the ironic despair that Crane found in Eliot's...
, Padraic ColumPadraic Colum was an Irish poet, novelist, dramatist, biographer and collector of folklore. He was one of the leading figures of the Celtic Revival.-Early life:...
, Maxim Gorki, Duncan GrantDuncan James Corrowr Grant was a Scottish painter and member of the Bloomsbury Group. He was a cousin of John Grant, Lord Huntingtower and grandson of the second Sir John Peter Grant ....
, Stanley KunitzStanley Jasspon Kunitz was an American poet. He was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress twice, first in 1974 and then again in 2000.-Biography:...
, D. H. LawrenceDavid Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation...
, Aristide MaillolAristide Maillol or Aristides Maillol was a French Catalan sculptor and painter.-Biography:Maillol was born in Banyuls-sur-Mer, Roussillon. He decided at an early age to become a painter, and moved to Paris in 1881 to study art...
, Pablo PicassoPablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Commonly known simply as Picasso, he is one of the most recognized figures in 20th-century art...
, Ezra PoundEzra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. He is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry...
, John Cowper PowysJohn Cowper Powys was a British writer, lecturer, and philosopher.-Biography:Powys was born in Shirley, Derbyshire, the son of a Victorian clergyman whose ancestors had estates on the Welsh borders. His mother was descended from the poet William Cowper, hence his middle name...
, Llewelyn PowysLlewelyn Powys was a British writer and younger brother of John Cowper Powys and T. F. Powys.-Life:Powys was born in Dorchester, the son of a Welsh clergyman, and was educated at Sherborne School and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. While lecturing in the United States he contracted tuberculosis...
, Bertrand RussellBertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was an English philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died.Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the...
, William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams , also known as WCW, was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine...
, Paul ValéryAmbroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. His interests were sufficiently broad that he can be classified as a polymath...
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