Oliver O. Howard

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Oliver O. Howard

Oliver Otis Howard (November 8, 1830 – October 26, 1909) was a career United States Army

United States Army

The United States Army is the branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for Army operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S....
officer and a Union

Union Army

The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S....
General in the American Civil War

American Civil War

The American Civil War , also known as the War Between the States and several Naming the American Civil War, was a civil war in the United States....
. He was a corps commander noted for suffering two humiliating defeats, at Chancellorsville

Battle of Chancellorsville

The Battle of Chancellorsville was a major battle of the American Civil War, fought near the village of Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia, from April 30 to May 6, 1863....
and Gettysburg

Battle of Gettysburg

Western Theater of the American Civil War

This article presents an overview of major military and naval operations in the Western Theater of the American Civil War....
, and served there successfully as a corps and army commander. After the war, he commanded troops in the West, conducting a famous campaign against the Nez Perce

Nez Perce

The Nez Perce are a tribe of Native Americans in the United States who live in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is estimated that at the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition the native people had been in the area for over 10,000 years....
tribe.

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Encyclopedia

Oliver Otis Howard (November 8, 1830 – October 26, 1909) was a career United States Army

United States Army

The United States Army is the branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for Army operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S....
officer and a Union

Union Army

The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S....
General in the American Civil War

American Civil War

Battle of Chancellorsville

The Battle of Chancellorsville was a major battle of the American Civil War, fought near the village of Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia, from April 30 to May 6, 1863....
and Gettysburg

Battle of Gettysburg

Western Theater of the American Civil War

Nez Perce

Howard University

Howard University is a private university, coeducational, nonsectarian, Historically black colleges and universities university located in Washington, D.C., United States....
.

Early years

Howard was born in Leeds, Maine

Leeds, Maine

Leeds is a New England town in Androscoggin County, Maine, Maine, United States. The population was 2,001 at the United States Census, 2000. It is included in both the Lewiston, Maine-Auburn, Maine, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan New England City and Town Area....
, the son of Rowland Bailey Howard and Eliza Otis Howard. Rowland, a farmer, died when Oliver was 9 years old. Oliver attended Monmouth Academy

Monmouth Academy, Maine

Monmouth Academy is a public high school in Monmouth, Maine. It was established as a private school in 1803, hence the word "academy" in its name....
in Monmouth, Maine

Monmouth, Maine

Monmouth is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, Maine, United States. The population was 3,785 at the 2000 United States Census....
, North Yarmouth Academy

North Yarmouth Academy

North Yarmouth Academy is a private, co-ed, college preparatory school located on 148 Main Street in Yarmouth, Maine. The Current headmasterof the school is Peter Mertz, with Linc Merrill, class of 1975, currently heading the Board of Trustees....
in Yarmouth

Yarmouth, Maine

Yarmouth is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, Maine, United States, located approximately ten to fifteen miles north of Portland, Maine, the state's largest city....
, Kents Hill School

Kents Hill School

Kents Hill School is an independent college-preparatory school located in Kents Hill, Maine outside of the state capital of Augusta. Kents Hill School instructs students in grades nine through postgraduate....
in Readfield

Readfield, Maine

Readfield is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, Maine, United States. The population was 2,360 at the 2000 United States Census. Readfield is home to the Kents Hill School, a university-preparatory school, Maranacook Community Schools, public schools for the district, and the annual Kennebec County Fair....
, and graduated from Bowdoin College

Bowdoin College

Bowdoin College , founded in 1794, is a private Liberal arts colleges in the United States located in the coastal New England town of Brunswick, Maine, Maine....
in 1850 at the age of 19. He then attended the United States Military Academy

United States Military Academy

The United States Military Academy at West Point is a four-year coeducational United States Service academies located at West Point, New York, New York....
, graduating in 1854, fourth in his class of 46 cadets, as a brevet

Brevet (military)

In the U.K. and U.S. military, brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a commissioned officer to hold a higher Military rank temporarily, but usually without receiving the pay of that higher rank....
second lieutenant

Second Lieutenant

Second Lieutenant is the lowest Officer military rank in many armed forces.In British English the rank is pronounced second /l?f't?n?nt/ , while in American English it is pronounced second /lu't?n?nt/ ....
of ordnance. He served at the Watervliet Arsenal

Watervliet Arsenal

The Watervliet Arsenal is an arsenal of the United States Army located in Watervliet, New York, on the west bank of the Hudson River. It is the oldest continuously active arsenal in the United States, and today produces much of the artillery for the army, as well as gun tubes for cannons, Mortar s, and tanks....
near Troy, New York

Troy, New York

Troy is a city in New York, United States, and the county seat of Rensselaer County, New York. As of the United States Census 2000, the population was 49,170....
, and was the temporary commander of the Kennebec Arsenal

Kennebec Arsenal

Kennebec Arsenal is a historic arsenal and National Historic Landmark District on Arsenal Street in Augusta, Maine.The arsenal was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and designated a Landmark in 2000....
in Augusta, Maine. In 1855, he married Elizabeth Anne Waite, with whom he would have seven children. In 1857 he was transferred to Florida for the Seminole Wars

Seminole Wars

The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between various groups of Native Americans in the United States, collectively known as Seminoles, and the United States....
. It was in Florida that he experienced a conversion to evangelical Christianity

Evangelicalism

Evangelicalism is a Protestantism Christian movement which began in Great Britain in the 1730s.Most adherents consider its key characteristics to be: a belief in the need for personal conversion ; some expression of the gospel in effort; a high regard for Biblical authority; and an emphasis on the death and resurrection of Jesus....
and considered resigning from the Army to become a minister. His religious proclivities would later earn him the nickname "the Christian general." Howard returned to West Point in September 1857 to become an instructor of mathematics and the following year he was promoted to first lieutenant

First Lieutenant

First Lieutenant is a military rank.The rank of Lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations , but the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior and junior rank....
. As the Civil War began with the surrender of Fort Sumter

Battle of Fort Sumter

The Battle of Fort Sumter was the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina, that started the American Civil War....
, thoughts of the Ministry were put aside and he decided to remain in the service of his country.

Civil War

Howard was appointed colonel

Colonel (United States)

In the United States Army, United States Air Force, and United States Marine Corps, Colonel is a senior field officer United States Military Officer military rank just above the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and just below the rank of Brigadier General ....
of the 3rd Maine Infantry regiment and temporarily commanded a brigade at the First Battle of Bull Run

First Battle of Bull Run

The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas , was the first major land battle of the American Civil War, fought on July 21, 1861, near Manassas, Virginia....
. He was promoted to brigadier general

Brigadier general (United States)

A brigadier general in the United States Army, United States Air Force, and United States Marine Corps, is a 1 star rank general officer, with the U.S....
effective September 3, 1861, and given permanent command of his brigade. He then joined Maj. Gen.

Major general (United States)

In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a 2 star rank general officer rank, with the U.S....
George B. McClellan

George B. McClellan

George Brinton McClellan was a Major general during the American Civil War. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly as the general-in-chief of the Union Army....
's Army of the Potomac

Army of the Potomac

The Army of the Potomac was the major Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War....
for the Peninsula Campaign

Peninsula Campaign

The Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia from March through July 1862, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War....
.

On June 1, 1862, while commanding a Union

Union Army

The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S....
brigade in the Fair Oaks

Battle of Seven Pines

The Battle of Seven Pines, also known as the Battle of Fair Oaks or Fair Oaks Station, took place on May 31 and June 1, 1862, in Henrico County, Virginia, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War....
, Howard was wounded twice in his right arm, which was subsequently amputated. (He was awarded the Medal of Honor

Medal of Honor

The Medal of Honor is the highest Awards and decorations of the United States military awarded by the United States government. It is bestowed on a member of the United States armed forces who distinguishes himself "conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action...
in 1893 for his heroism at Fair Oaks.) Brig. Gen. Philip Kearny

Philip Kearny

Philip Kearny, Jr., was a United States Army officer, notably in the Mexican-American War and American Civil War. He was killed in action in the 1862 Battle of Chantilly....
, who had lost his left arm, visited Howard and joked that they would be able to shop for gloves together. Howard recovered quickly enough to rejoin the army for the Battle of Antietam

Battle of Antietam

The Battle of Antietam , fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern United States soil....
, in which he rose to division command in the II Corps

II Corps (ACW)

There were five corps in the Union Army designated as II Corps during the American Civil War.* Army of the Cumberland, II Corps commanded by Thomas L....
. He was promoted to major general

Major general (United States)

In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a 2 star rank general officer rank, with the U.S....
in November 1862 and assumed command of the XI Corps

XI Corps (ACW)

The XI Corps was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War, best remembered for its humiliating defeats at the battles of Battle of Chancellorsville and Battle of Gettysburg in 1863....
the following April. In that role, he replaced Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel

Franz Sigel

Franz Sigel was a German military officer and immigrant to the United States who was a teacher, newspaperman, politician, and served as a Union Army Major general in the American Civil War....
. Since the corps was composed largely of German

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
immigrants, many of whom spoke no English, the soldiers were resentful of their new leader and openly called for Sigel's reinstatement.

At the Battle of Chancellorsville

Battle of Chancellorsville

The Battle of Chancellorsville was a major battle of the American Civil War, fought near the village of Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia, from April 30 to May 6, 1863....
, Howard suffered the first of two significant military setbacks. On May 2, 1863, his corps was on the right flank of the Union line, northwest of the crossroads of Chancellorsville. Robert E. Lee

Robert E. Lee

Robert Edward Lee , was a career United States United States Army officer , an engineer, and among the most celebrated generals in American history....
and Lt. Gen.

Lieutenant General (United States)

In the United States Army, the United States Marine Corps and the United States Air Force, lieutenant general is a 3 star rank general officer rank, with the U.S....
Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson

Stonewall Jackson

Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson was a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War, and probably the most well-known Confederate commander after General Robert E....
created an audacious plan in which Jackson's entire corps would march secretly around the Union flank and attack it. Howard was warned by Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker

Joseph Hooker

Joseph Hooker was a career United States Army officer, fought in the Mexican-American War, and was a Major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War....
, now commanding the Army of the Potomac, that his flank was "in the air", not anchored by a natural obstacle, such as a river, and that Confederate forces might be on the move in his direction. Howard failed to heed the warning and Jackson struck before dark, routing the XI Corps and causing a serious disruption to the Union plan.

At the Battle of Gettysburg

Battle of Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg , fought in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign, was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War and is frequently cited as the war's Turning point of the American Civil War....
, the XI Corps, still chastened by its humiliation in May, arrived on the field in the afternoon of July 1, 1863. Poor positioning of the defensive line by one of Howard's subordinate division commanders, Brig. Gen. Francis C. Barlow

Francis C. Barlow

Francis Channing Barlow was a lawyer, politician, and Union army General officer during the American Civil War....
, was exploited by the Confederate Corps of Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell

Richard S. Ewell

Richard Stoddert Ewell was a career United States Army officer and a Confederate States Army General officer during the American Civil War. He achieved fame as a senior commander under Stonewall Jackson and Robert E....
and once again the XI Corps was routed, forcing it to retreat through the streets of Gettysburg, leaving many prisoners behind. On Cemetery Hill

Cemetery Hill

Cemetery Hill is a key terrain feature in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the northernmost extent of Cemetery Ridge. It played prominent roles in all three days of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1–3, 1863....
, south of town, Howard quarreled with Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock about who was in command of the defense. Hancock had been sent by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade with written orders to take command, but Howard insisted that he was the ranking general present. Eventually he relented. He started circulating the story that his corps' failure had actually been triggered by the collapse of Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday

Abner Doubleday

Abner Doubleday was a career United States Army officer and Union Army general in the American Civil War. He fired the first shot in defense of Battle of Fort Sumter, the opening battle of the war, and had a pivotal role in the early fighting at the Battle of Gettysburg....
's I Corps

I Corps (ACW)

I Corps was the designation of three different corps-sized units in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The units served in the following armies:...
to the west, but this excuse was never accepted at the time or by history—the reverse was actually true—and the reputation of the XI Corps was ruined. Howard should get some credit for the eventual success at Gettysburg because he wisely stationed one of his divisions (Maj. Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr

Adolph von Steinwehr

Baron Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich von Steinwehr was a German-Brunswick army officer who emigrated to the United States, became a geographer, cartographer, and author, and served as a Union Army general in the American Civil War....
) on Cemetery Hill as a reserve and critical backup defensive line. For the remainder of the three-day battle, the corps remained on the defensive around Cemetery Hill, withstanding assaults by Maj. Gen. Jubal Early

Jubal Anderson Early

Jubal Anderson Early was a lawyer and Confederate States of America general in the American Civil War. The articles written by him for the Southern Historical Society in the 1870s established the Lost Cause of the Confederacy point of view as a long-lasting literary and cultural phenomenon....
on July 2, and participating at the margin of the defense against Pickett's Charge

Pickett's Charge

Pickett's Charge was an infantry assault ordered by Confederate States Army General Robert E. Lee against Major general George G. Meade's Union Army positions on Cemetery Ridge on July 3, 1863, the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War....
on July 3,.

Howard and his corps were transferred to the Western Theater

Western Theater of the American Civil War

This article presents an overview of major military and naval operations in the Western Theater of the American Civil War....
to become part of the Army of the Cumberland

Army of the Cumberland

The Army of the Cumberland was one of the principal Union armies in the Western Theater of the American Civil War during the American Civil War....
in Tennessee

Tennessee

Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States United States. In 1796, it became the sixteenth state to join the United States....
. In the Battle of Chattanooga, the corps joined the impulsive assault that captured Missionary Ridge and forced the retreat of Gen. Braxton Bragg

Braxton Bragg

Braxton Bragg was a career United States Army officer, and then a General officer in the Confederate States Army, a principal commander in the Western Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War....
. In July 1864, following the death of Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson

James B. McPherson

James Birdseye McPherson was a career United States Army officer who served as a General officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War....
, Howard became commander of the Army of the Tennessee

Army of the Tennessee

The Army of the Tennessee was a Union Army army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War, named for the Tennessee River....
, fought in the Atlanta Campaign

Atlanta Campaign

The Atlanta Campaign was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater of the American Civil War throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta, Georgia, during the summer of 1864, leading to the eventual fall of Atlanta and hastening the end of the American Civil War....
, and led the right wing of Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman

William Tecumseh Sherman

William Tecumseh Sherman was an United States soldier, businessman, educator and author. He served as a General officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War , for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies that he implemente...
's famous March to the Sea, through Georgia

Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a U.S. state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against United Kingdom rule in the American Revolution....
and then the Carolinas

Carolinas Campaign

The Carolinas Campaign was the final campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War. In January 1865, Union Army Major General#United States William Tecumseh Sherman advanced north from Savannah, Georgia, through the Carolinas, with the intention of linking up with Union forces in Virginia....
.

Postbellum

From May 1865 to July 1874, General Howard was commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. He was placed in command of the Department of the Columbia in 1874, went west to Washington Territory

Washington Territory

The Washington Territory was a historic organized territory of the United States that was formed in February 8, 1853 from the portion of the Oregon Territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel north east of the Columbia; which had been ceded by Britain in the 1846 Oregon Treaty as settlement of the Oregon Boundar...
's Fort Vancouver

Fort Vancouver

Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trade outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company in the company's Columbia District ....
, where he fought in the Indian Wars

Indian Wars

Indian Wars is the name generally used in the United States to describe a series of conflicts between the colonial or federal government and the indigenous peoples of North America....
, particularly against the Nez Perce

Nez Perce

Chief Joseph

Chief Joseph was the Tribal chief of the Wal-lam-wat-kain band of Nez Perce Native Americans in the United States during General Oliver O. Howard's attempt to Indian Removal his Band societies and the other "non-treaty" Indians to a Indian reservation in Idaho....
. In Chief Joseph's famous 1879 Washington, D.C., speech, he claimed, "If General Howard had given me plenty of time to gather up my stock and treated Too-hool-hool-suit as a man should be treated, there would have been no war." Subsequently, Howard was superintendent

Superintendents of the United States Military Academy

The commanding officer of the United States Military Academy is its Superintendent. This position is roughly equivalent to the chancellor or president of an American civilian university....
of the United States Military Academy

United States Military Academy

The United States Military Academy at West Point is a four-year coeducational United States Service academies located at West Point, New York, New York....
at West Point

West Point, New York

West Point is a federal military reservation located North of the Highland Falls, New York in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 7,138 at the 2000 census....
in 1881–82. He served as commander of the Department of the Platte

Department of the Platte

The Department of the Platte was a military administrative district established by the U.S. Army March 5, 1866, with boundaries encompassing Iowa, Nebraska, Dakota Territory, Utah Territory and a small portion of Idaho....
from 1882 to 1884. He retired from the United States Army

United States Army

The United States Army is the branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for Army operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S....
in 1894 with the rank of major general.

Howard University

General Howard is also remembered for playing a role in founding Howard University

Howard University

Howard University is a private university, coeducational, nonsectarian, Historically black colleges and universities university located in Washington, D.C., United States....
, which was incorporated by Congress in 1867. The school is nonsectarian and is open to both sexes without regard to race. As commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, Howard was known for promoting the welfare and education of former slaves, freedmen, and war refugees. On November 20, 1866, ten members, including Howard, of various socially concerned groups of the time met in Washington, D.C., to discuss plans for a theological seminary to train colored

Colored

Colored is a North American euphemism once widely regarded as a description of black people , and also Native Americans in the United States. It should not be confused with the more recent term person of color, which attempts to describe all "non-white peoples", not just blacks....
ministers. Interest was sufficient, however, in creating an educational institute for areas other than the ministry. The result was the Howard Normal and Theological Institute for the Education of Preachers and Teachers. On January 8, 1867, the Board of Trustees voted to change the name of the institution to Howard University. Howard served as president from 1869 to 1874. He also founded Lincoln Memorial University

Lincoln Memorial University

Lincoln Memorial University is a private four-year co-educational liberal arts college located in Harrogate, Tennessee.LMU's campus borders on Cumberland Gap National Historical Park....
in Harrogate, Tennessee

Harrogate, Tennessee

Harrogate is a city in Claiborne County, Tennessee, Tennessee, United States. The community has been known as "Harrogate" since the 1800s, but did not municipal corporation by that name until 1993....
, in 1895, for the education of the "mountain whites."

Death and memorialization

Oliver Howard died in Burlington, Vermont

Burlington, Vermont

Burlington is the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont and the shire town of Chittenden County, Vermont. With a population of 38,889 at the 2000 United States Census, the city is the core of one of the nation's smaller metropolitan areas, and is also the smallest U.S....
, and is buried there in Lake View Cemetery.

A bust of Howard designed by artist James E. Kelly

James E. Kelly (artist)

James Edward Kelly was an United States sculptor and illustrator who specialized in depicting people and events of American wars, particularly the American Civil War....
is on display at Howard University. An impressive equestrian statue is on East Cemetery Hill on the Gettysburg Battlefield

Gettysburg Battlefield

The Gettysburg Battlefield was the site of the Battle of Gettysburg, fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the county seat of Adams County, Pennsylvania, which had approximately 2,400 residents at the time....
. A dormitory at Bowdoin College

Bowdoin College

Bowdoin College , founded in 1794, is a private Liberal arts colleges in the United States located in the coastal New England town of Brunswick, Maine, Maine....
is named for Howard.

The Oliver O. Howard Relief Corps of the Grand Army of the Republic

Grand Army of the Republic

The Grand Army of the Republic was a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army who had served in the American Civil War. The GAR was among the first organized interest groups in American politics....
provided funds to help destitute former Union soldiers and to support worthy public causes. It contributed money and the design for the State Flag of Utah in 1922.

An Army Reserve Center was named after him in Auburn, Maine

Auburn, Maine

Auburn is a city in and the county seat of Androscoggin County, Maine, Maine, United States. It is one of two principal cities of and included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan New England City and Town Area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area ....
, and is still used today by several U.S. Army Reserve units.

Howard High School of Technology

Howard High School of Technology

Howard High School of Technology, formerly Howard High School, is now a vocational-technical high school in Wilmington, Delaware. When becoming a vo-tech school, the school was named Howard Career Center....
in Wilmington, Delaware, is named in his honor.

Howard County, Nebraska

Howard County, Nebraska

Howard County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of 2000, the population was 6,567. Its county seat is St. Paul, Nebraska....
, is named in his honor.

Howard School of Academics and Technology, in Chattanooga, Tennessee, is named in his honor.

Selected works

Howard was the author of numerous books after the war, including Donald's School Days (1878), Nez Perce Joseph (1881), General Taylor (1892), Isabella of Castile (1894), Autobiography (1907), and My Life and Experiences among Our Hostile Indians (1907).

In popular media

In the 1950 film Broken Arrow
Broken Arrow (1950 film)

Broken Arrow is a Western film released in 1950. It was directed by Delmer Daves and starred James Stewart and Jeff Chandler . The film was nominated for three Academy Awards, and won a Golden Globe award for Best Film Promoting International Understanding. It made history as the first major Western movie since the Second World War...
, Howard is played by Basil Ruysdael

Basil Ruysdael

Basil Ruysdael was an American film actor and opera singer....
opposite James Stewart

James Stewart (actor)

James Maitland Stewart , popularly known as Jimmy Stewart, was an United States film and stage actor best known for his self-effacing persona....
, who portrays Tom Jeffords.

James Whitmore

James Whitmore

James Allen Whitmore, Jr. was an United States two-time Academy Award-nominated, Emmy- and Golden Globe-winning film actor....
portrayed General Howard in the 1975 television film, I Will Fight No More Forever, about the U.S. Army campaign against the Nez Perce and the surrender of Chief Joseph in 1877.

Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Brigadier General, U.S. Volunteers. Place and date: At Fair Oaks, Va., June 1, 1862. Entered service at: Maine. Born: November 8, 1830, Leeds, Maine. Date of issue: March 29, 1893.

Citation:

Led the 61st New York Infantry in a charge in which he was twice severely wounded in the right arm, necessitating amputation.

External links

Retrieved on 2007-11-06*
(PDF)

Oliver O. Howard

Early years

Civil War

Postbellum

Howard University

Death and memorialization

Selected works

In popular media

Medal of Honor citation

See also

External links