Army of the Cumberland

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Army of the Cumberland

The Army of the Cumberland was one of the principal Union

Union (American Civil War)

During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the Federal government of the United States of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three states which were not part of the secession attempt by the 11 states that formed the Confederate States of America....
armies in the Western Theater

Western Theater of the American Civil War

This article presents an overview of major military and naval operations in the Western Theater of the American Civil War....
during the American Civil War

American Civil War

The American Civil War , also known as the War Between the States and several Naming the American Civil War, was a civil war in the United States....
. It was originally known as the Army of the Ohio

Army of the Ohio

The Army of the Ohio was the name of two Union Army armies in the American Civil War. The first army became the Army of the Cumberland and the second army was created in 1863....
.

origin of the Army of the Cumberland dates back to the creation of the Army of the Ohio

Army of the Ohio

The Army of the Ohio was the name of two Union Army armies in the American Civil War. The first army became the Army of the Cumberland and the second army was created in 1863....
in November 1861, under the command of Brig. Gen.

Brigadier General

Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries, usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General.The rank can be traced back to the militaries of Europe where a brigadier general, or simply a brigadier, would command a brigade in the field....
Robert Anderson. The army fought under the name Army of the Ohio until Maj. Gen.

Major General

Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of Sergeant Major General. A Major General is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of Lieutenant General and senior to the ranks of Brigadier and Brigadier General....
William S. Rosecrans assumed command of the army and the Department of the Cumberland and changed the name of the combined entity to the Army of the Cumberland.

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Encyclopedia

The Army of the Cumberland was one of the principal Union

Union (American Civil War)

Western Theater of the American Civil War

This article presents an overview of major military and naval operations in the Western Theater of the American Civil War....
during the American Civil War

American Civil War

Army of the Ohio

The Army of the Ohio was the name of two Union Army armies in the American Civil War. The first army became the Army of the Cumberland and the second army was created in 1863....
.

History

The origin of the Army of the Cumberland dates back to the creation of the Army of the Ohio

Army of the Ohio

Brigadier General

Major General

Alexander McDowell McCook

Alexander McDowell McCook was a career United States Army officer and a Union army general in the American Civil War....
(Right Wing), George H. Thomas (Center), and Thomas L. Crittenden (Left).

The army's first significant combat was at the Battle of Stones River

Battle of Stones River

The Battle of Stones River or Second Battle of Murfreesboro, Tennessee , was fought from December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, in Middle Tennessee, as the culmination of the Stones River Campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War....
. After the battle the army and 14th Corps were separated. The former Center wing became the 14th Corps, the Right wing became the 20th Corps, and the Left wing became the 21st Corps. Rosecrans still retained command of the army. He next led it through the Tullahoma Campaign

Tullahoma Campaign

The Tullahoma Campaign or Middle Tennessee Campaign was fought between June 24 and July 3, 1863, during the American Civil War. The Union Army Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Major general William S....
and at the Battle of Chickamauga

Battle of Chickamauga

The Battle of Chickamauga, fought September 19–20, 1863, marked the end of a Union Army offensive in south-central Tennessee and northwestern Georgia called the Chickamauga Campaign....
, after which the army became besieged at Chattanooga

Chattanooga, Tennessee

Chattanooga, "the Scenic City", is the fourth-largest city in Tennessee , and the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, in the United States....
. Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant , was an United States general and the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States ....
arrived at Chattanooga to assume command of the Army of the Cumberland, Army of the Tennessee

Army of the Tennessee

The Army of the Tennessee was a Union Army army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War, named for the Tennessee River....
, and reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac

Army of the Potomac

The Army of the Potomac was the major Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War....
. Rosecrans had been a popular and respected commander, but due to his defeat at Chickamauga and inability to lift the Confederate

Confederate States Army

The Confederate States Army was a military organization whose primary mission was to provide the necessary forces and capabilities to support the National Security and defense of the Confederate States of America during its brief existence from 1861 to 1865....
siege, Grant chose to replace him with George H. Thomas on October 28, 1863.

In the Battles for Chattanooga

Chattanooga Campaign

The Chattanooga Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in October and November 1863, during the American Civil War. Following the defeat of Major general William S....
, Grant had been leery of using the Army of the Cumberland in the main fighting, fearing their morale to be too low after the defeat at Chickamauga. Instead, he used the veterans from the Army of the Potomac, proud of their recent victory at the Battle of Gettysburg

Battle of Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg , fought in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign, was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War and is frequently cited as the war's Turning point of the American Civil War....
, to take Lookout Mountain

Battle of Lookout Mountain

The Battle of Lookout Mountain was fought November 24, 1863, as part of the Chattanooga Campaign of the American Civil War. Union forces under Major general Joseph Hooker assaulted Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga, Tennessee, and defeated Confederate States Army forces commanded by Maj....
and planned to use the troops from the Army of the Tennessee

Army of the Tennessee

The Army of the Tennessee was a Union Army army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War, named for the Tennessee River....
, also recent victors at the Siege of Vicksburg, to attack the Confederate right flank on Missionary Ridge

Battle of Missionary Ridge

The Battle of Missionary Ridge was fought November 25, 1863, as part of the Chattanooga Campaign of the American Civil War. Following the Union Army victory in the Battle of Lookout Mountain on November 24, Union forces under Major general Ulysses S....
. The Army of the Cumberland was given the minor task of seizing the rifle pits at the base of Missionary Ridge. However, once they achieved their objective, four divisions (one led by Philip H. Sheridan) stormed up the ridge and routed the Confederate center. When Grant angrily asked who had ordered those troops up the ridge both Thomas and Gordon Granger

Gordon Granger

Gordon Granger was a career U.S. army officer and a Union general during the American Civil War. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Chickamauga....
, a corps commander in the army, responded they did not know. Granger then replied, "Once those boys get started, all hell can't stop 'em."

After Chattanooga, Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman assumed command of all Union

Union Army

The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S....
armies in the West and created an army group of the Army of the Cumberland, the Army of the Tennessee

Army of the Tennessee

The Army of the Tennessee was a Union Army army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War, named for the Tennessee River....
, and the Army of the Ohio

Army of the Ohio

The Army of the Ohio was the name of two Union Army armies in the American Civil War. The first army became the Army of the Cumberland and the second army was created in 1863....
and marched towards Atlanta. In September, Atlanta fell to Sherman's army group. When Confederate general John B. Hood moved north from Atlanta, Sherman chose not to follow him and instead dispatched the Army of the Cumberland and the Army of the Ohio after him. Thomas finally met Hood at the Battle of Nashville

Battle of Nashville

The Battle of Nashville was a two-day battle in the Franklin-Nashville Campaign that represented the end of large-scale fighting in the Western Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War....
and crushed him, thus bringing to an end any significant military actions for the Army of the Cumberland. It participated in the Grand Review in Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the Capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790....
, before President Andrew Johnson

Andrew Johnson

Andrew Johnson was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States , succeeding to the Presidency upon Abraham Lincoln assassination of Abraham Lincoln....
, in 1865.

Command history

Commander	From	To	Major Battles and Campaigns
Major General William S. Rosecrans William Rosecrans William Starke Rosecrans was an inventor, coal-oil company executive, diplomat, politician, and United States Army officer. He gained fame for his role as a Union Army general during the American Civil War....	October 24, 1862	October 19, 1863	Stones River Battle of Stones River The Battle of Stones River or Second Battle of Murfreesboro, Tennessee , was fought from December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, in Middle Tennessee, as the culmination of the Stones River Campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War.... , Tullahoma Campaign Tullahoma Campaign The Tullahoma Campaign or Middle Tennessee Campaign was fought between June 24 and July 3, 1863, during the American Civil War. The Union Army Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Major general William S.... , Chickamauga Battle of Chickamauga The Battle of Chickamauga, fought September 19–20, 1863, marked the end of a Union Army offensive in south-central Tennessee and northwestern Georgia called the Chickamauga Campaign....
Major General George H. Thomas	October 19, 1863	August 1, 1865	Chattanooga Chattanooga Campaign The Chattanooga Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in October and November 1863, during the American Civil War. Following the defeat of Major general William S.... , Atlanta Campaign Atlanta Campaign The Atlanta Campaign was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater of the American Civil War throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta, Georgia, during the summer of 1864, leading to the eventual fall of Atlanta and hastening the end of the American Civil War.... , Peachtree Creek Battle of Peachtree Creek The Battle of Peachtree Creek was fought in Georgia on July 20 1864, as part of the Atlanta Campaign in the American Civil War. It was the first major attack by Major General#United States William T.... , Franklin Battle of Franklin II The Second Battle of Franklin was fought at Franklin, Tennessee, on November 30, 1864, as part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War.... , Nashville Battle of Nashville The Battle of Nashville was a two-day battle in the Franklin-Nashville Campaign that represented the end of large-scale fighting in the Western Theater of the American Civil War of the American Civil War....

Army of the Cumberland

History

Command history

External links