Almeida Garrett
Encyclopedia
João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett, Viscount of Almeida Garrett (February 4, 1799 — December 9, 1854) was a Portuguese
poet, playwright
, novel
ist and politician
. He is considered to be the introducer of the Romanticism
in Portugal, with the epic poem Camões, based on the life of Luís de Camões
. He is regarded as one of history's greatest romantics and a true revolutionary and humanist.
as the son of António Bernardo da Silva Garrett (1740–1834), a Fidalgo
of the Royal Household
and Knight
of the Order of Christ
whose mother was the daughter of an Irish
father born in exile in France and an Italian
mother born in Spain, and wife (m. 1796) Ana Augusta de Almeida Leitão (b. Porto
, c. 1770). At an early age, around 4 or 5 years old, he changed his name to João Baptista da Silva Leitão, adding a name from his godfather and altering the order of his surnames.
In 1809, his family fled the second French invasion
carried out by Soult's troops, seeking refuge in Angra do Heroísmo
, Terceira Island
, Azores
. While in the Azores, he was taught by his uncle, Dom Frei Alexandre da Sagrada Família (Faial
, Horta
, May 22, 1737 – Terceira, Angra do Heroísmo
, April 22, 1818), also a freemason, then the 25th Bishop of Angra (1816–1818) and former Bishop
of Malaca
and Timor
; his two other uncles were Manuel Inácio da Silva Garrett, Archdeacon
of Angra, and Inácio da Silva Garrett, also a Clergyman of Angra. In childhood, his mulatto
Brazil
ian nanny
Rosa de Lima taught him some traditional stories that later influenced his work.
In 1818, he moved to Coimbra
to study at the local University's law school. In 1818, he published O Retrato de Vénus, a work for which was soon to be prosecuted, as it was considered "materialist, atheist, and immoral"; it was during this period that he adopted and added his pen name
de Almeida Garrett, who was seen as more aristocratic.
Although he did not take active part in the Liberal Revolution that broke out in Porto
in 1820, he contributed with two patriotic verses, the Hymno Constitucional and the Hymno Patriótico, which his friends copied and distributed in the streets of Porto. After the "Vilafrancada", a reactionary coup d'état led by the Infante Dom Miguel in 1823, he was forced to seek exile in England. He had just married the beautiful Luísa Cândida Midosi who was only 12 or 13 years old at the time and was the sister of his friend Luís Frederico Midosi, later married to Maria Teresa Achemon, both related to theatre and children of José Midosi (son of an Italian
father and an Irish
mother) and wife Ana Cândida de Ataíde Lobo. While in England, in Edgbaston
, Warwickshire
, he began his association with Romanticism
, being subject to the first-hand influences of William Shakespeare
and Walter Scott
, as well as to that of Gothic aesthetics. In the beginning of 1825, Garrett left for France where he wrote Camões (1825) and Dona Branca (1826) – both poems are usually considered the first Romanticist works in Portuguese literature
. In 1826, he returned to Portugal, where he settled for two years and founded the newspapers O Portuguez and O Chronista. In 1828, under the rule of King Miguel of Portugal
, he was again forced to settle in England, publishing Adozinda and performing his tragedy Catão at the Theatre Royal in Plymouth (see 'Catão em Plymouth').
Almeida Garrett, together with Alexandre Herculano
and Joaquim António de Aguiar
, took part in the Landing of Mindelo, carried out during the Liberal Wars
. When a constitutional monarchy
was established, he briefly served as its Consul General
to Brussels
; upon his return, he was acclaimed as one of the major orators of Liberalism, and took initiative in the creation of a new Portuguese theatre (during the period, he wrote his historical plays Gil Vicente
, D. Filipa de Vilhena, and O Alfageme de Santarém).
In 1843
, Garrett published Romanceiro e Cancioneiro Geral, a collection of folklore
; two years later, he wrote the first volume of his historical novel
O Arco de Santana (fully published in 1850
, it took inspiration from Victor Hugo
's The Hunchback of Notre Dame
). O Arco de Santana signified a change in Garrett's style, leading to a more complex and subjective prose with which he experimented at length in (Viagens na Minha Terra (Travels in My Homeland) (1846
). His innovative manner was also felt in his poem collections Flores sem Fruto (Flowers without Fruit) (1844
) and Folhas Caídas (Fallen Leaves) 1853
).
Nobled by Dona Maria II of Portugal in 1852 with the title of 1st Viscount
of Almeida Garrett, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs for only a few days in the same year (in the cabinet of the Duke of Saldanha
).
Almeida Garrett ended his relationship with Luísa Midosi and divorced in 1835 (who later remarried Alexandre Desiré Létrillard) to join the 17 years old Adelaide Deville Pastor in 1836 – she was to remain his partner until her early death in 1839, causing him to break, and leaving a daughter named Maria Adelaide (who later married and had issue), whose early life tragedy and illegitimacy inspired her father in order to write the play Frei Luís de Sousa
.
Later in his life he became the lover of Rosa de Montúfar y Infante, a Spanish
noblewoman daughter of the 3rd Marquesses de Selva Alegre, wife of Joaquim António Velez Barreiros, 1st Baron
and 1st Viscount
de Nossa Senhora da Luz and twice (277th and 286th) Commander of the Order of Our Lady of Concepcion of Vila Viçosa
, and Minister
and Governor
of Cape Verde
, whom he celebrated at his last and probably best poetry book Folhas Caídas.
Garrett died of cancer in Lisbon at 6:30 in the afternoon of December 9, 1854. He was buried at the Cemetery of Prazeres and, on 3 May 1903, his remains were transferred to the national pantheon in the Jerónimos Monastery
, where they rest near to those of Alexandre Herculano
and Luís Vaz de Camões.
Despire the wish that it went to his natural daughter, one of the reasons why he accepted it, his title passed on to the descendants of his brother Alexandre José da Silva de Almeida Garrett (August 7, 1797 – October 24, 1847), Fidalgo
of the Royal Household
, who ironically was a partisan of King Michael of Portugal for all his life, and wife (m. June 16, 1822) Angélica Isabel Cardoso Guimarães (February 2, 1803 –). He also had a sister Maria Amália de Almeida Garrett, who married in the Azores where they were then living with Francisco de Meneses de Lemos e Carvalho (Terceira
, Angra do Heroísmo
, September 20, 1786 –) and had female issue.
Portuguese people
The Portuguese are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion....
poet, playwright
Playwright
A playwright, also called a dramatist, is a person who writes plays.The term is not a variant spelling of "playwrite", but something quite distinct: the word wright is an archaic English term for a craftsman or builder...
, novel
Novel
A novel is a book of long narrative in literary prose. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of the medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the novella. The latter supplied the present generic term in the late 18th century....
ist and politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
. He is considered to be the introducer of the Romanticism
Romanticism
Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution...
in Portugal, with the epic poem Camões, based on the life of Luís de Camões
Luís de Camões
Luís Vaz de Camões is considered Portugal's and the Portuguese language's greatest poet. His mastery of verse has been compared to that of Shakespeare, Vondel, Homer, Virgil and Dante. He wrote a considerable amount of lyrical poetry and drama but is best remembered for his epic work Os Lusíadas...
. He is regarded as one of history's greatest romantics and a true revolutionary and humanist.
Biography
João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett was born João Leitão da Silva in PortoPorto
Porto , also known as Oporto in English, is the second largest city in Portugal and one of the major urban areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Its administrative limits include a population of 237,559 inhabitants distributed within 15 civil parishes...
as the son of António Bernardo da Silva Garrett (1740–1834), a Fidalgo
Hidalgo (Spanish nobility)
A hidalgo or fidalgo is a member of the Spanish and Portuguese nobility. In popular usage it has come to mean the non-titled nobility. Hidalgos were exempt from paying taxes, but did not necessarily own real property...
of the Royal Household
Royal Household
A Royal Household in ancient and medieval monarchies formed the basis for the general government of the country as well as providing for the needs of the sovereign and his relations....
and Knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
of the Order of Christ
Order of Christ (Portugal)
The Military Order of Christ previously the Royal Order of the Knights of Our Lord Jesus Christ was the heritage of the Knights Templar in Portugal, after the suppression of the Templars in 1312...
whose mother was the daughter of an Irish
Irish people
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...
father born in exile in France and an Italian
Italian people
The Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...
mother born in Spain, and wife (m. 1796) Ana Augusta de Almeida Leitão (b. Porto
Porto
Porto , also known as Oporto in English, is the second largest city in Portugal and one of the major urban areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Its administrative limits include a population of 237,559 inhabitants distributed within 15 civil parishes...
, c. 1770). At an early age, around 4 or 5 years old, he changed his name to João Baptista da Silva Leitão, adding a name from his godfather and altering the order of his surnames.
In 1809, his family fled the second French invasion
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War was a war between France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war began when French and Spanish armies crossed Spain and invaded Portugal in 1807. Then, in 1808, France turned on its...
carried out by Soult's troops, seeking refuge in Angra do Heroísmo
Angra do Heroísmo
Angra do Heroísmo , locally referred to as Angra, is a municipality and city on the island of Terceira, within the Portuguese autonomous region of the Azores. The municipal area has a population of 35,581 and an area of . Along with Praia da Vitória to the north, it is one of two municipal...
, Terceira Island
Terceira Island
Referred to as the “Ilha Lilás” , Terceira is an island in the Azores archipelago, in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. It is one of the larger islands of the archipelago, with a population of 56,000 inhabitants in an area of approximately 396.75 km²...
, Azores
Azores
The Archipelago of the Azores is composed of nine volcanic islands situated in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, and is located about west from Lisbon and about east from the east coast of North America. The islands, and their economic exclusion zone, form the Autonomous Region of the...
. While in the Azores, he was taught by his uncle, Dom Frei Alexandre da Sagrada Família (Faial
Faial Island
Faial Island , also known in English as Fayal, is a Portuguese island of the Central Group of the Azores....
, Horta
Horta (Azores)
Horta is a single municipality and city in the western part of the Archipealgo of the Azores, encompassing the island of Faial. Horta has a population of about approximately 15,038 people and an area of 173.1 square kilometers. The population density is about 88 persons per square kilometer...
, May 22, 1737 – Terceira, Angra do Heroísmo
Angra do Heroísmo
Angra do Heroísmo , locally referred to as Angra, is a municipality and city on the island of Terceira, within the Portuguese autonomous region of the Azores. The municipal area has a population of 35,581 and an area of . Along with Praia da Vitória to the north, it is one of two municipal...
, April 22, 1818), also a freemason, then the 25th Bishop of Angra (1816–1818) and former Bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
of Malaca
Portuguese Malacca
Portuguese Malacca was the territory of Malacca that, for 130 years , was a Portuguese colony.- History :From the writing of the Portuguese historian Emanuel Godinho de Erédia in the middle of the 16th century, the site of the old city of Malacca was named after the Myrobalans, fruit-bearing trees...
and Timor
Timor
Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, north of the Timor Sea. It is divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, belonging to the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. The island's surface is 30,777 square kilometres...
; his two other uncles were Manuel Inácio da Silva Garrett, Archdeacon
Archdeacon
An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in Anglicanism, Syrian Malabar Nasrani, Chaldean Catholic, and some other Christian denominations, above that of most clergy and below a bishop. In the High Middle Ages it was the most senior diocesan position below a bishop in the Roman Catholic Church...
of Angra, and Inácio da Silva Garrett, also a Clergyman of Angra. In childhood, his mulatto
Mulatto
Mulatto denotes a person with one white parent and one black parent, or more broadly, a person of mixed black and white ancestry. Contemporary usage of the term varies greatly, and the broader sense of the term makes its application rather subjective, as not all people of mixed white and black...
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian nanny
Nanny
A nanny, childminder or child care provider, is an individual who provides care for one or more children in a family as a service...
Rosa de Lima taught him some traditional stories that later influenced his work.
In 1818, he moved to Coimbra
Coimbra
Coimbra is a city in the municipality of Coimbra in Portugal. Although it served as the nation's capital during the High Middle Ages, it is better-known for its university, the University of Coimbra, which is one of the oldest in Europe and the oldest academic institution in the...
to study at the local University's law school. In 1818, he published O Retrato de Vénus, a work for which was soon to be prosecuted, as it was considered "materialist, atheist, and immoral"; it was during this period that he adopted and added his pen name
Pen name
A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a pseudonym adopted by an author. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise his or her gender, to distance an author from some or all of his or her works, to protect the author from retribution for his or her...
de Almeida Garrett, who was seen as more aristocratic.
Although he did not take active part in the Liberal Revolution that broke out in Porto
Porto
Porto , also known as Oporto in English, is the second largest city in Portugal and one of the major urban areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Its administrative limits include a population of 237,559 inhabitants distributed within 15 civil parishes...
in 1820, he contributed with two patriotic verses, the Hymno Constitucional and the Hymno Patriótico, which his friends copied and distributed in the streets of Porto. After the "Vilafrancada", a reactionary coup d'état led by the Infante Dom Miguel in 1823, he was forced to seek exile in England. He had just married the beautiful Luísa Cândida Midosi who was only 12 or 13 years old at the time and was the sister of his friend Luís Frederico Midosi, later married to Maria Teresa Achemon, both related to theatre and children of José Midosi (son of an Italian
Italian people
The Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...
father and an Irish
Irish people
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...
mother) and wife Ana Cândida de Ataíde Lobo. While in England, in Edgbaston
Edgbaston
Edgbaston is an area in the city of Birmingham in England. It is also a formal district, managed by its own district committee. The constituency includes the smaller Edgbaston ward and the wards of Bartley Green, Harborne and Quinton....
, Warwickshire
Warwickshire
Warwickshire is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare...
, he began his association with Romanticism
Romanticism
Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution...
, being subject to the first-hand influences of William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"...
and Walter Scott
Walter Scott
Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet was a Scottish historical novelist, playwright, and poet, popular throughout much of the world during his time....
, as well as to that of Gothic aesthetics. In the beginning of 1825, Garrett left for France where he wrote Camões (1825) and Dona Branca (1826) – both poems are usually considered the first Romanticist works in Portuguese literature
Portuguese literature
This is a survey of Portuguese literature.The Portuguese language was developed gradually from the Vulgar language spoken in the countries which formed part of the Roman Empire and, both in morphology and syntax, it represents an organic transformation of Latin without the direct intervention of...
. In 1826, he returned to Portugal, where he settled for two years and founded the newspapers O Portuguez and O Chronista. In 1828, under the rule of King Miguel of Portugal
Miguel of Portugal
Dom Miguel I, sometimes Michael , was the King of Portugal between 1828 and 1834, the seventh child and second son of King John VI and his queen, Charlotte of Spain....
, he was again forced to settle in England, publishing Adozinda and performing his tragedy Catão at the Theatre Royal in Plymouth (see 'Catão em Plymouth').
Almeida Garrett, together with Alexandre Herculano
Alexandre Herculano
Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo , was a Portuguese novelist and historian.-Early life:...
and Joaquim António de Aguiar
Joaquim António de Aguiar
Joaquim António de Aguiar was a Portuguese politician. He held several relevant political posts during the Portuguese constitutional monarchy, namely as leader of the Cartists and later of the Partido Regenerador...
, took part in the Landing of Mindelo, carried out during the Liberal Wars
Liberal Wars
The Liberal Wars, also known as the Portuguese Civil War, the War of the Two Brothers, or Miguelite War, was a war between progressive constitutionalists and authoritarian absolutists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 1828 to 1834...
. When a constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified or blended constitution...
was established, he briefly served as its Consul General
Consul (representative)
The political title Consul is used for the official representatives of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, and to facilitate trade and friendship between the peoples of the two countries...
to Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
; upon his return, he was acclaimed as one of the major orators of Liberalism, and took initiative in the creation of a new Portuguese theatre (during the period, he wrote his historical plays Gil Vicente
Gil Vicente
Gil Vicente , called the Trobadour, was a Portuguese playwright and poet who acted in and directed his own plays. Considered the chief dramatist of Portugal he is sometimes called the "Portuguese Plautus,"[3] often referred to as the "Father of Portuguese drama" and as one of Western literature's...
, D. Filipa de Vilhena, and O Alfageme de Santarém).
In 1843
1843 in literature
The year 1843 in literature involved some significant new books.-New books:*William Harrison Ainsworth - Windsor Castle*Edward George Bulwer-Lytton - The Last of the Barons*James Fenimore Cooper - Le Mouchoir; an Autobiographical Romance...
, Garrett published Romanceiro e Cancioneiro Geral, a collection of folklore
Folklore
Folklore consists of legends, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, fairy tales and customs that are the traditions of a culture, subculture, or group. It is also the set of practices through which those expressive genres are shared. The study of folklore is sometimes called...
; two years later, he wrote the first volume of his historical novel
Historical novel
According to Encyclopædia Britannica, a historical novel is-Development:An early example of historical prose fiction is Luó Guànzhōng's 14th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which covers one of the most important periods of Chinese history and left a lasting impact on Chinese culture.The...
O Arco de Santana (fully published in 1850
1850 in literature
The year 1850 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Alfred Lord Tennyson named Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, succeeding William Wordsworth.*Periodical Household Words begins publication...
, it took inspiration from Victor Hugo
Victor Hugo
Victor-Marie Hugo was a Frenchpoet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights activist and exponent of the Romantic movement in France....
's The Hunchback of Notre Dame
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame is a novel by Victor Hugo published in 1831. The French title refers to the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, on which the story is centered.-Background:...
). O Arco de Santana signified a change in Garrett's style, leading to a more complex and subjective prose with which he experimented at length in (Viagens na Minha Terra (Travels in My Homeland) (1846
1846 in literature
The year 1846 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*First publication of the Daily News, edited by Charles Dickens....
). His innovative manner was also felt in his poem collections Flores sem Fruto (Flowers without Fruit) (1844
1844 in literature
The year 1844 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:* The first volumes of the Patrologia Latina, a 217 volume collection of works in Latin, are published in Paris by Jacques Paul Migne...
) and Folhas Caídas (Fallen Leaves) 1853
1853 in literature
The year 1853 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Charles Dickens writes Bleak House, the first English novel to feature a detective.*William Wells Brown becomes the first African American novelist to be published.-New books:...
).
Nobled by Dona Maria II of Portugal in 1852 with the title of 1st Viscount
Viscount
A viscount or viscountess is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl or a count .-Etymology:...
of Almeida Garrett, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs for only a few days in the same year (in the cabinet of the Duke of Saldanha
Duke of Saldanha
Duke of Saldanha is a Portuguese title granted by royal decree of Queen Maria II of Portugal, dated from November 4, 1846, to João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira Daun , also known as Marshal Saldanha, leader of the liberal armies, during the Liberal Wars in Portugal.Queen Maria II of Portugal has...
).
Almeida Garrett ended his relationship with Luísa Midosi and divorced in 1835 (who later remarried Alexandre Desiré Létrillard) to join the 17 years old Adelaide Deville Pastor in 1836 – she was to remain his partner until her early death in 1839, causing him to break, and leaving a daughter named Maria Adelaide (who later married and had issue), whose early life tragedy and illegitimacy inspired her father in order to write the play Frei Luís de Sousa
Luís de Sousa
Frei Luís de Sousa , Portuguese monk and prose-writer, was born at Santarém, a member of the noble family of Sousa Coutinho.-Capture and release:...
.
Later in his life he became the lover of Rosa de Montúfar y Infante, a Spanish
Spanish people
The Spanish are citizens of the Kingdom of Spain. Within Spain, there are also a number of vigorous nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history....
noblewoman daughter of the 3rd Marquesses de Selva Alegre, wife of Joaquim António Velez Barreiros, 1st Baron
Baron
Baron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...
and 1st Viscount
Viscount
A viscount or viscountess is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl or a count .-Etymology:...
de Nossa Senhora da Luz and twice (277th and 286th) Commander of the Order of Our Lady of Concepcion of Vila Viçosa
Vila Viçosa
Vila Viçosa is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 195.0 km² and a total population of 8,745 inhabitants.The municipality is composed of 5 parishes, and is located in the District of Évora....
, and Minister
Minister (government)
A minister is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. Senior ministers are members of the cabinet....
and Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of Cape Verde
Cape Verde
The Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
, whom he celebrated at his last and probably best poetry book Folhas Caídas.
Garrett died of cancer in Lisbon at 6:30 in the afternoon of December 9, 1854. He was buried at the Cemetery of Prazeres and, on 3 May 1903, his remains were transferred to the national pantheon in the Jerónimos Monastery
Jerónimos Monastery
The Hieronymites Monastery is located near the shore of the parish of Belém, in the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal...
, where they rest near to those of Alexandre Herculano
Alexandre Herculano
Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo , was a Portuguese novelist and historian.-Early life:...
and Luís Vaz de Camões.
Despire the wish that it went to his natural daughter, one of the reasons why he accepted it, his title passed on to the descendants of his brother Alexandre José da Silva de Almeida Garrett (August 7, 1797 – October 24, 1847), Fidalgo
Hidalgo (Spanish nobility)
A hidalgo or fidalgo is a member of the Spanish and Portuguese nobility. In popular usage it has come to mean the non-titled nobility. Hidalgos were exempt from paying taxes, but did not necessarily own real property...
of the Royal Household
Royal Household
A Royal Household in ancient and medieval monarchies formed the basis for the general government of the country as well as providing for the needs of the sovereign and his relations....
, who ironically was a partisan of King Michael of Portugal for all his life, and wife (m. June 16, 1822) Angélica Isabel Cardoso Guimarães (February 2, 1803 –). He also had a sister Maria Amália de Almeida Garrett, who married in the Azores where they were then living with Francisco de Meneses de Lemos e Carvalho (Terceira
Terceira Island
Referred to as the “Ilha Lilás” , Terceira is an island in the Azores archipelago, in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. It is one of the larger islands of the archipelago, with a population of 56,000 inhabitants in an area of approximately 396.75 km²...
, Angra do Heroísmo
Angra do Heroísmo
Angra do Heroísmo , locally referred to as Angra, is a municipality and city on the island of Terceira, within the Portuguese autonomous region of the Azores. The municipal area has a population of 35,581 and an area of . Along with Praia da Vitória to the north, it is one of two municipal...
, September 20, 1786 –) and had female issue.
List of works
- 1819 - Lucrécia (Lucretia)
- 1820 - O Roubo das Sabinas (poem written in youth, published in 1968) (The Theft of the Sabines)
- 1820 - Mérope (theater) (Merope)
- 1821 - O Retrato de Vénus (poetry) (The Portrait of Venus)
- 1821 - Catão (theater) (Cato)
- 1825 - Camões (poetry) (Camoens)
- 1826 - Dona Branca (poetry) (Mrs. Branca)
- 1828 - Adozinda (poetry)
- 1829 - Lírica de João Mínimo (poetry) (João Mínimo's Lyric)
- 1829 - O tratado "Da Educação" ("Education" treaty)
- 1830 - Portugal na Balança da Europa (Portugal on the scales of Europe)
- 1838 - Um Auto de Gil Vicente (theater) (A Auto of Gil Vicente)
- 1842 - O Alfageme de Santarém (theater)
- 1843 - Romanceiro e Cancioneiro Geral, tomo 1
- 1843 - Frei Luís da Sousa (theater) ISBN 0-85051-510-6 (Brother Luís de Sousa)
- 1845 - Flores sem fruto (poetry) (Fruitless Flowers)
- 1845 - O Arco de Sant'Ana I (fiction) (The Arch of Sant'Ana I)
- 1846 - Falar Verdade a Mentir (theater) (Speaking the Thruth by Lying)
- 1846 - Viagens na Minha Terra (fiction) ISBN 0-85051-511-4 (Travels in my Homeland)
- 1846 - D. Filipa de Vilhena (theater)
- 1848 - As profecias do Bandarra (BandarraAntónio Gonçalves de BandarraAntónio Gonçalves Annes Bandarra or Gonçalo Anes Bandarra was a Portuguese writer and prophet.- Life and work :...
's Prophecies) - 1848 - Um Noivado no Dafundo (A Wedding in Dafundo)
- 1848 - A sobrinha do Marquês (theater) (The Marquis's Niece)
- 1849 - Memórias Históricas de José Xavier Mouzinho da Silveira (Historical Memories of José Xavier Mouzinho da Silveira)
- 1850 - O Arco de Sant'Ana II (fiction) (The Arch of Sant'Ana II)
- 1851 - Romanceiro e Cancioneiro Geral, tomo 2 e 3
- 1853 - Folhas Caídas (poetry) (Fallen Leaves)
- 1853 - Fábulas e Folhas Caídas (poetry) (Fables and Fallen Leaves)
- 1854? - Helena (fiction)
- 18?? - Afonso de Albuquerque
- 1871 - Discursos Parlamentares e Memórias Biográficas (Parliamentary Speeches and Biographical Memories)