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The cultural and artistic events of 15th century Italy are collectively referred to as the Quattrocento (from the Italian for '400, or from "millequattrocento," 1400). Quattrocento encompasses the artistic styles of the late Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 (most notably International Gothic
International Gothic

International Gothic is a phase of Gothic art which developed in Burgundy , Bohemia, France and northern Italy in the late 14th century and early 15th century....
) and the early Renaissance
Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
.


Historical context
After the decline of the Western Roman Empire
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
 in 476, economic disorder and disruption of trade spread across Europe.






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Encyclopedia


The cultural and artistic events of 15th century Italy are collectively referred to as the Quattrocento (from the Italian for '400, or from "millequattrocento," 1400). Quattrocento encompasses the artistic styles of the late Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 (most notably International Gothic
International Gothic

International Gothic is a phase of Gothic art which developed in Burgundy , Bohemia, France and northern Italy in the late 14th century and early 15th century....
) and the early Renaissance
Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
.

Sandro Botticelli 080

Historical context


After the decline of the Western Roman Empire
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
 in 476, economic disorder and disruption of trade spread across Europe. This was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages

The Early Middle Ages is a period in the history of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500 to 1000....
, which lasted roughly until the 11th century, when trade picked up, population began to expand and the papacy regained its authority.

In the late Middle Ages, the political structure of the European continent slowly evolved from small, highly unstable fiefdoms into larger nation-states ruled by monarchies, thereby providing greater stability. In Italy, urban centers arose that were populated by merchant and trade classes, who were able to defend themselves. Money replaced land as the medium of exchange, and increasing numbers of serfs became freedmen. The changes in Medieval Italy and the decline of feudalism
Feudalism

Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period , in its most classic sense refers to a Middle Ages European political system composed of a set of reciprocal law and military obligations among the warrior nobility, revolving around the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs....
 paved the way for social, cultural, and economic changes. The Quattrocento is viewed as the transition from the Medieval period to the age of the Renaissance
Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
.

San Pietro Masaccio
Quattrocento lay at the forefront of what was to become the Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 13th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe....
. Its international manifesto resembles a happening
Happening

A happening is a performance, event or Situationist International meant to be considered as art. Happenings take place anywhere, are often multi-disciplinary, often lack a narrative and frequently seek to involve the audience in some way....
 of cultural and artistic events during the 15th century which embraced the artistic styles of the late Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 and early Renaissance: a forefront collection of high-end individualism in the arts
ARts

aRts, which stands for analog Real time synthesizer, is an audio framework that is no longer under development. It is most famous for previously being used in KDE to simulate an analog synthesizer....
 to promote the presence of a scientific, cultural, social and economic revolution in hope of preserving the Monarchy
Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which supreme power is absolutely or nominally lodged in an individual, who is the head of state, often for Life tenure or until abdication, and "is wholly set apart from all other members of the state." The person who heads a monarchy is called a monarch....
 through Christianity
Christianity

Christianity is a Monotheistic religion #Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus as New Testament view on Jesus' life....
.

Development of Quattrocento styles


Quattrocento art shed the decorative mosaics typically associated with Byzantine art
Byzantine art

Byzantine art is the term commonly used to describe the artistic products of the Byzantine Empire from about the 4th century until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453....
 along with the Christian and Gothic media of and styles in stained glass
Stained glass

For the Blackford Oakes novel, see Stained Glass The term stained glass can refer to the material of coloured glass or the craft of working with it....
, frescoes, illuminated manuscripts and sculpture
Sculpture

Sculpture is Three-dimensional space artwork created by shaping or combining hard and or plastic material, sound, and or text and or light, commonly Stone sculpture , metal, glass, or wood....
. Instead, Quattrocento artists and sculptors incorporated the more classic forms developed by Roman and Greek sculptors
Classical sculpture

Classical sculpture refers to the forms of sculpture from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome and the Hellenized, and Romanized civilizations under their rule or influence from about 500B.C....
.

Izokefalizm

List of Italian Quattrocento artists

Since the Quattrocento overlaps with part of the Renaissance movement, it would be inaccurate to say that a particular artist was Quattrocento or Renaissance. Artists of the time probably would not have identified themselves as members of a movement.


  • Andrea del Castagno
    Andrea del Castagno

    Andrea del Castagno or Andrea di Bartolo di Bargilla was an Italy painter from Florence, influenced chiefly by Tommaso Masaccio and Giotto di Bondone....
  • Andrea del Verrocchio
    Andrea del Verrocchio

    Andrea del Verrocchio, born Andrea di Michele di Francesco de' Cioni, was an Italy sculpture, goldsmith and Painting who worked at the court of Lorenzo de' Medici in Florence....
  • Andrea Mantegna
    Andrea Mantegna

    Andrea Mantegna was a Venetian Renaissance artist, a student of Ancient Rome archeology, and son in law of Jacopo Bellini. Like other artists of the time, Mantegna experimented with Perspective , e.g., by lowering the horizon in order to create a sense of greater monumentality....
  • Antonello da Messina
    Antonello da Messina

    Antonello da Messina, properly Antonello di Giovanni di Antonio was a Sicily Painting active during the Italian Renaissance. His work shows strong influences from Early Netherlandish painting and, unusually for a painter from Southern Italy, he was influential on the art of North Italy, especially Venice....
  • Antoniazzo Romano
    Antoniazzo Romano

    Antoniazzo Romano, born Antonio di Benedetto Aquilo degli Aquili was an Italy Renaissance painter, the leading figure of the Roman school during the 15th century....
  • Antonio Pollaiuolo
    Antonio Pollaiuolo

    Antonio del Pollaiolo , also known as Antonio di Jacopo Pollaiuolo or Antonio Pollaiolo, was an Italian people Painting, sculpture, engraver and goldsmith during the Renaissance....
  • Antonio Rossellino
    Antonio Rossellino

    Antonio Gamberelli , nicknamed Antonio Rossellino for the colour of his hair, was an Italy sculptor. His older brother, from whom he received his formal training, was the painter Bernardo Rossellino....
  • Benozzo Gozzoli
    Benozzo Gozzoli

    Benozzo Gozzoli was an Italy Renaissance Painting from Florence. He is best known for a series of murals in the Palazzo Medici depicting festive, vibrant processions with wonderful attention to detail and a pronounced International Gothic influence....
  • Bertoldo di Giovanni
    Bertoldo di Giovanni

    Bertoldo di Giovanni was an Italy sculptor and medallist.Born in Florence, he was a pupil of Donatello and for a long time worked in his master's workshop, carrying out his unfinished works after his death in 1466, for example the bronze pulpit reliefs from the life of Christ in the Basilica di San Lorenzo di Firenze in Florence....
  • Carlo Crivelli
    Carlo Crivelli

    Carlo Crivelli was an Italy Renaissance painter of conservative Late Gothic decorative sensibility, who spent his career mostly in the Marche, where he absorbed early influences from the Vivarini, Francesco Squarcione and Mantegna into a distinctive personal style that makes a contrast to his Venetian contemporary Giovanni Bellini....
  • Cosimo Tura
    Cosimo Tura

    Cosimo Tura , also known as Il Cosm? or Cosm? Tura, was an Italy early-Renaissance painter and considered one of the founders of the School of Ferrara ....
  • Della Robbia
    Della Robbia

    Della Robbia may mean:*Della Robia apartment building located on the north east corner of Eleventh Avenue and 96th Street on Manhattan.*Luca della Robbia , Italian sculptor...
  • Desiderio da Settignano
    Desiderio da Settignano

    Desiderio da Settignano, real name Desiderio de Bartolomeo di Francesco detto Ferro was an Italian sculptor active during the Renaissance....
  • Domenico di Bartolo
    Domenico di Bartolo

    Domenico di Bartolo was an Italy painter of the Sienese School.He was born in Asciano. According to Vasari, he was a nephew of Taddeo di Bartolo....
  • Domenico Ghirlandaio
    Domenico Ghirlandaio

    Domenico Ghirlandaio was an Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. Among his many apprentices was Michelangelo....
  • Domenico Veneziano
    Domenico Veneziano

    Domenico Veneziano was an Italy painter of the early Renaissance, active mostly in Perugia and Tuscany.Little is known of his birth, though he is thought to have been born in Venice, hence his last name....
  • Donatello
    Donatello

    Donatello was a famous early Renaissance Italy artist and sculpture from Florence. He is, in part, known for his work in bas-relief, a form of shallow relief sculpture that, in Donatello's case, incorporated significant 15th-century developments in perspectival illusionism....
  • Ercole de' Roberti
    Ercole de' Roberti

    Ercole de' Roberti , also known as Ercole Ferrarese or Ercole da Ferrara, was an Italian artist of the Early Renaissance and the School of Ferrara....
  • Filippo Brunelleschi
    Filippo Brunelleschi

    Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. All of his principal works are in Florence, Italy....
  • Filippo Lippi
    Filippo Lippi

    Fra' Filippo Lippi , also called Lippo Lippi, was an Italy painter of the Italian Quattrocento school....
  • Fra Angelico
    Fra Angelico

    Fra Angelico , born Guido di Pietro, was an Early Italian Renaissance painter, referred to in Vasari's Lives of the Artists as having "a rare and perfect talent"....
  • Francesco del Cossa
    Francesco del Cossa

    Francesco del Cossa was an Italy early-Renaissance painter of the School of Ferrara ....
  • Francesco di Giorgio
    Francesco di Giorgio

    Francesco di Giorgio Martini was an Italy painter of the Sienese School, a sculptor, an :Category:Italian architects and theorist, and a military engineer who built almost seventy fortifications for the Duke of Urbino....
  • Francesco Squarcione
    Francesco Squarcione

    Francesco Squarcione was a Padua artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna , Cosimo Tura and Carlo Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child and an altarpiece ....
  • Gentile Bellini
    Gentile Bellini

    Gentile Bellini was an Italy painter. Born in Venice, the son of the painter Jacopo Bellini, he was christened Gentile after Jacopo's master, Gentile da Fabriano....
  • Gentile da Fabriano
    Gentile da Fabriano

    Gentile da Fabriano was an Italy painter known for his participation in the International Gothic style.Gentile was born in or near Fabriano, in the Marche....
  • Giovanni Bellini
    Giovanni Bellini

    Giovanni Bellini was an Italy Renaissance painter, probably the best known of the Bellini family of Venice painters. His father was Jacopo Bellini, his brother was Gentile Bellini, and his brother-in-law was Andrea Mantegna....
  • Giovanni di Paolo
    Giovanni di Paolo

    Giovanni di Paolo di Grazia was an Italy painter, working primarily in Siena. He may have apprenticed with Taddeo di Bartolo, becoming a prolific painter and illustrator of manuscripts, including Dante's texts....
  • Jacopo Bellini
    Jacopo Bellini

    Jacopo Bellini was an Italy painter. Jacopo was one of the founders of the Early Renaissance painting of painting in Venice and northern Italy....
  • Justus of Ghent
  • Leonardo da Vinci
    Leonardo da Vinci

    Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italy polymath, being a scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, Painting, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician and writer....
  • Lorenzo Ghiberti
    Lorenzo Ghiberti

    Lorenzo Ghiberti was an Italy artist of the early Renaissance best known for works in sculpture and metalworking.Ghiberti was born in Florence....
  • Luca Signorelli
    Luca Signorelli

    Luca Signorelli was an Italian Renaissance Painting who was noted in particular for his ability as a draughtsman and his use of foreshortening....
  • Masaccio
    Masaccio

    Masaccio , was the first great Painting of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance. His frescoes are the earliest monuments of Humanism, and introduce a plasticity previously unseen in figure painting....
  • Masolino
  • Melozzo da Forlė
    Melozzo da Forlė

    Melozzo da Forl? , was an Italy Renaissance painter near the Umbrian school, the first who practised foreshortening with much success and one of the most outstanding fresco painters of the 15th century....
  • Paolo Uccello
    Paolo Uccello

    Paolo Uccello was an Italy painter who was notable for his pioneering work on visual Perspective in art. Giorgio Vasari in his book Lives of the Artists wrote that Uccello was obsessed by his interest in perspective and would stay up all night in his study trying to grasp the exact vanishing point....
  • Pedro Berruguete
    Pedro Berruguete

    Pedro Berruguete was a Spanish painter; his art is regarded as a transitional style between gothic art and Renaissance. Born in Paredes de Nava, Spain, he went to Italy in 1480 and worked in Federigo da Montefeltro's court in Urbino....
  • Piero della Francesca
    Piero della Francesca

    Piero della Francesca was an Italian artist of the Italian Renaissance. To contemporaries, he was known as a mathematician and geometer as well as an artist, though now he is chiefly appreciated for his art....
  • Pietro Perugino
    Pietro Perugino

    Pietro Perugino was the leading Painting of the Umbrian school, who developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance....
  • Sandro Botticelli
    Sandro Botticelli

    Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli or Il Botticello was an Italy Painting of the Florentine school during the Early Renaissance ....
  • Il Sassetta
    Stefano di Giovanni

    Stefano di Giovanni, known as il Sassetta, was an Italian painter. He was born in Siena, although there is also an hypothesis that he was born in Cortona....
  • Vecchietta
    Vecchietta

    Francesco di Giorgio e di Lorenzo , known as Vecchietta or Lorenzo di Pietro, was an Italian Sienese School Painting, sculpture, goldsmith and architect of the Renaissance....
  • Vittore Carpaccio
    Vittore Carpaccio

    Vittore Carpaccio was an Italy painter of the Venetian school, who studied under Gentile Bellini. He is best known for a cycle of nine paintings, The Legend of Saint Ursula....
  • Vittore Crivelli


Also see the list of 27 prominent 15th century painters made contemporaneously by Giovanni Santi
Giovanni Santi

Giovanni Santi x , was an Italian people Painting and poet, father of Raphael. He was born at Colbordolo in the Urbino, was a petty merchant for a time, then studied under Piero della Francesca, was influenced by Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, and seems to have been an assistant and friend of Melozzo da Forli....
, Raphael Sanzio's father as part of a poem for the Duke of Urbino.

See also


  • Trecento
    Trecento

    The Trecento refers to the 14th century in Italian cultural history.Commonly the Trecento is considered to be the beginning of the Renaissance in art history....
    -the 14th century in Italian culture
  • Cinquecento
    Cinquecento

    Cinquecento is a term used to describe the Italian Renaissance of the sixteenth century, including the current styles of art, music, literature, and architecture....
    - the 16th century in Italian culture
  • Seicento
    Seicento

    Seicento is a term used to describe Culture of Italy of the seventeenth century. In Italy, much of the art of the period is described as Baroque in style....
    - the 17th century in Italian culture


Footnotes