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Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli or Il Botticello ("The Little Barrel"; March 1, 1445 – May 17, 1510) was an ItalianItaly

Italy, officially the Italian Republic , is a Southern European country....
 painterPainting

Painting taken literally is the practice of applying pigment suspended in a liquid vehicle to a surface such as paper, can...
 of the Florentine school during the Early RenaissanceRenaissance

In the traditional view, the Renaissance was understood as a historical age in Europe that followed the Middle Ages and ...
. Less than a hundred years later, this movement, under the patronage of Lorenzo de' MediciLorenzo de' Medici

Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici was an Italian statesman and ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance....
, was characterized by Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari

Giorgio Vasari was an Italian painter and architect, known for his famous biographies of Italian artists....
 as a "golden ageGolden age

The term Golden age stems from Greek mythology and Roman poets....
", a thought, suitably enough, he expressed at the head of his Vita of Botticelli. His posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century; since then his work has been seen to represent the linear grace of Early Renaissance painting, and The Birth of VenusThe Birth of Venus (Botticelli)

The Birth of Venus is a painting by Sandro Botticelli....
 and Primavera rank now among the most familiar masterpieces of Florentine art.
BiographyYouthDetails of Botticelli's life are sparse, but we know that he became an apprentice when he was about fourteen years old, which would indicate that he received a fuller education than did other Renaissance artists.






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Timeline

1445   Born

1461   Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli become students of Verrocchio

1510   Died





Encyclopedia


Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli or Il Botticello ("The Little Barrel"; March 1, 1445 – May 17, 1510) was an ItalianItaly

Italy, officially the Italian Republic , is a Southern European country....
 painterPainting

Painting taken literally is the practice of applying pigment suspended in a liquid vehicle to a surface such as paper, can...
 of the Florentine school during the Early RenaissanceRenaissance

In the traditional view, the Renaissance was understood as a historical age in Europe that followed the Middle Ages and ...
. Less than a hundred years later, this movement, under the patronage of Lorenzo de' MediciLorenzo de' Medici

Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici was an Italian statesman and ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance....
, was characterized by Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari

Giorgio Vasari was an Italian painter and architect, known for his famous biographies of Italian artists....
 as a "golden ageGolden age

The term Golden age stems from Greek mythology and Roman poets....
", a thought, suitably enough, he expressed at the head of his Vita of Botticelli. His posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century; since then his work has been seen to represent the linear grace of Early Renaissance painting, and The Birth of VenusThe Birth of Venus (Botticelli)

The Birth of Venus is a painting by Sandro Botticelli....
 and Primavera rank now among the most familiar masterpieces of Florentine art.

Biography

Youth

Details of Botticelli's life are sparse, but we know that he became an apprentice when he was about fourteen years old, which would indicate that he received a fuller education than did other Renaissance artists. Vasari reported that he was initially trained as a goldsmith by his brother Antonio. Probably by 1462 he was apprenticed to Fra Filippo Lippi; many of his early works have been attributed to the elder master, and attributions continue to be uncertain. Influenced also by the monumentality of MasaccioMasaccio

Masaccio , was an important painter of frescoes during the early Italian Renaissance, whose works are the first monument of...
's painting, it was from Lippi that Botticelli learned a more intimate and detailed manner. As recently discovered, during this time, Botticelli could have traveled to HungaryHungary

Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovaki...
, participating in the creation of a fresco in EsztergomEsztergom

Esztergom is a small city in northern Hungary, about 50 km north-west of the capital Budapest....
, ordered in the workshop of Fra Filippo Lippi by Vitéz János, then archbishopArchbishop

In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop....
 of Hungary.

By 1470 Botticelli had his own workshop. Even at this early date his work was characterized by a conception of the figure as if seen in low relief, drawn with clear contours, and minimizing strong contrasts of light and shadow which would indicate fully modeled forms.

Masterworks

The masterworks Primavera (c. 1478) and The Birth of Venus (c. 1485) were both seen by Vasari at the villa of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici at Castello in the mid-16th century, and until recently, it was assumed that both works were painted specifically for the villa. Recent scholarship suggests otherwise: the Primavera was painted for Lorenzo's townhouse in Florence, and The Birth of Venus was commissioned by someone else for a different site. By 1499, both had been installed at Castello.

In these works, the influence of GothicGothic art

Gothic art was a Medieval art movement that lasted about 300 years....
 realism is tempered by Botticelli's study of the antique. But if the painterly means may be understood, the subjects themselves remain fascinating for their ambiguity. The complex meanings of these paintings continue to receive scholarly attention, mainly focusing on the poetry and philosophy of humanists who were the artist's contemporaries. The works do not illustrate particular texts; rather, each relies upon several texts for its significance. Of their beauty, characterized by Vasari as exemplifying "grace" and by John RuskinJohn Ruskin

John Ruskin is best known for his work as an art critic and social critic, but is remembered as an author, poet and artist a...
 as possessing linear rhythm, there can be no doubt.

Maturity and later life

The Adoration of the Magi for Santa Maria Novella (c. 1475-1476, now at the Uffizi) contains the portraits of Cosimo de' MediciCosimo de' Medici

Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici, was the first of the Medici political dynasty, rulers of Florence during most of the Italian...
 ("the finest of all that are now extant for its life and vigour"), his grandson Giuliano de' MediciGiuliano di Piero de' Medici

Giuliano de' Medici, second son of Piero de' Medici....
, and Cosimo's son GiovanniGiovanni di Cosimo de' Medici

Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici was an Italian banker and patron of arts. ...
. The quality of the scene was hailed by Vasari as one of Botticelli's pinnacles.

In 1481, Pope Sixtus IVPope Sixtus IV

Pope Sixtus IV , born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484....
 summoned Botticelli and other prominent Florentine and Umbrian artists to fresco the walls of the Sistine ChapelSistine Chapel

The Sistine Chapel is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Roman Catholic Pope in the Vatican Cit...
. The iconological program was the supremacy of the Papacy. Sandro's contribution was moderately successful.
He returned to Florence, and "being of a sophistical turn of mind, he there wrote a commentary on a portion of DanteDante Alighieri

Durante degli Alighieri, better known as Dante Alighieri or simply Dante, was an Italian Florentine poet....
 and illustrated the InfernoThe Divine Comedy

The Divine Comedy , written by Dante Alighieri between 1308 and his death in 1321, is widely considered the central epic...
 which he printed, spending much time over it, and this abstention from work led to serious disorders in his living." Thus Vasari characterized the first printed DanteDante Alighieri

Durante degli Alighieri, better known as Dante Alighieri or simply Dante, was an Italian Florentine poet....
 (1481) with Botticelli's decorations; he could not imagine that the new art of printingPrinting

Printing is a process for production of texts and , typically with ink on paper using a printing press....
 might occupy an artist.

In the mid-1480s Botticelli worked on a major fresco cycle with Perugino, Ghirlandaio, and Filippino LippiFilippino Lippi

Filippino Lippi was a well-known painter working during the High Renaissance in Florence, Italy....
, for Lorenzo the Magnificent's villa near VolterraVolterra

Volterra is a town in the Tuscany region, Italy....
; in addition he painted many frescoes in Florentine churches.

In 1491 Botticelli served on a committee to decide upon a facade for the Florence DuomoFacts About Duomo

Duomo is a generic Italian term for a cathedral church....
. In 1502 he was accused of sodomy, though charges were later dropped. In 1504 he was a member of the committee appointed to decide where MichelangeloMichelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni , commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, pai...
's DavidDavid (Michelangelo)

Michelangelo's David, sculpted from 1500 to 1504, is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture and one of Michelangelo's tw...
 would be placed. His later work, especially as seen in a series on the life of St. Zenobius, witnessed a diminution of scale, expressively distorted figures, and a non-naturalistic use of colour reminiscent of the work of Fra AngelicoFra Angelico

The Blessed Fra Angelico, was an Early Italian Renaissance painter, referred to in Vasari's Lives of the Artists as hav...
 nearly a century earlier.

Religion

In later life, Botticelli was one of Savonarola's followers, though the full extent of Savonarola's influence is uncertain. The story that he burnt his own paintings on pagan themes in the notorious "Bonfire of the VanitiesBonfire of the Vanities

The most famous Bonfire of the Vanities took place on 7 February 1497 when followers of the priest Girolamo Savonarola colle...
" is not told by Vasari, who asserts that of the sect of Savonarola "he was so ardent a partisan that he was thereby induced to desert his painting, and, having no income to live on, fell into very great distress. For this reason, persisting in his attachement to that party, and becoming a Piagnone he abandoned his work.". Botticelli biographer Ernst Steinman searched for the artist's psychological development through his Madonnas. In the "deepening of insight and expression in the rendering of Mary's physiognomy", Steinman discerns proof of Savonarola's influence over Botticelli. This means that the biographer needed to alter the dates of a number of Madonnas to substantiate his theory; specifically, they are dated ten years later than before. Steinman disagrees with Vasari's assertion that Botticelli produced nothing after coming under the influence of Girolamo Savonarola. Steinman believes the spiritual and emotional Virgins rendered by Sandro follow directly from the teachings of the Dominican monk.

Earlier, Botticelli had painted an Assumption of the Virgin for Matteo Palmieri in a chapel at San Pietro Maggiore in which, it was rumored, both the patron who dictated the iconic scheme and the painter who painted it, were guilty of unidentified heresyHeresy

Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a "theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposit...
, a delicate requirement in such a subject. The heretical notions seem to be gnosticGnosticism

Gnosticism is a term created by modern scholars to describe a collection of religious groups, many of which thought of thems...
 in character:
By the side door of San Piero Maggiore he did a panel for Matteo Palmieri, with a large number of figures representing the Assumption of Our Lady with zones of patriarchs, prophets, apostles, evangelists, martyrs, confessors, doctors, virgins, and the orders of angels, the whole from a design given to him by Matteo, who was a worthy and educated man. He executed this work with the greatest mastery and diligence, introducing the portraits of Matteo and his wife on their knees. But although the great beauty of this work could find no other fault with it, said that Matteo and Sandro were guilty of grave heresy. Whether this be true or not, I cannot say. (Giorgio Vasari)


This is a common misconception based on an error by Vasari. The painting referred to here, now in the National GalleryNational Gallery, London

The National Gallery is an art gallery in London, located on the north side of Trafalgar Square....
 in LondonLondon Overview

London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom....
, is by the artist Botticini. Vasari confused their similar sounding names.

Private life

Botticelli never wed, and expressed a strong aversion to the idea of marriage, a prospect he claimed gave him nightmares A summary of a charge has been found in the Florentine Archives for November 16, 1502 which reads simply, "Botticelli keeps a boy". The painter was then fifty-eight. Jacques Mesnil who discovered in 1938 dismissed it as a customary slander by which the partisans and adversaries of Savanarola abused each other. Opinion remains divided. Some historians have agreed with Mesnil's view; while others have cautioned against hasty dismissal of the charge. However, while dismissing the charge, speculating on the subject of his paintings, Mesnil nevertheless concluded "woman was not the only object of his love".

Posthumous eclipse

Botticelli was already little employed in 1502; after his death his reputation was eclipsed longer and more thoroughly than that of any other major European artist. His paintings remained in the churches and villas for which they had been created, his frescoes in the Sistine ChapelSistine Chapel

The Sistine Chapel is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Roman Catholic Pope in the Vatican Cit...
 upstaged by Michelangelo's. The first nineteenth century art historian to have looked with satisfaction at Botticelli's Sistine frescoes was Alexis-François RioAlexis-François Rio

Alexis-Fran?ois Rio was a French writer on art....
. Through Rio Mrs JamesonAnna Brownell Jameson

Anna Brownell Jameson, British writer, was born in Dublin....
 and Sir Charles EastlakeCharles Eastlake

Charles Locke Eastlake was an architect and furniture designer....
 were alerted to Botticelli, but, while works by his hand began to appear in German collections, both the Nazarenes and the Pre-Raphaelite BrotherhoodPre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of English painters, poets and critics, founded in 1848 by John Everett Millais, ...
 ignored him. Walter PaterWalter Pater

...
 created a literary picture of Botticelli, who was then taken up by the Aesthetic movement. The first monograph on the artist was published in 1893; then, between 1900 and 1920 more books were written on Botticelli than any other painter.

Recent discovery

Recently, one of four female figures on a fresco in the ruins of the ArchbishopArchbishop

In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop....
's studiolo in the castle of EsztergomEsztergom

Esztergom is a small city in northern Hungary, about 50 km north-west of the capital Budapest....
, HungaryHungary

Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovaki...
, was recognized (by Zsuzsanna Wierdl and Maria Prokopp) as possibly the first independent creation by Botticelli. The figures representing four cardinal virtues were ordered from the workshop of Fra Filippo Lippi by Vitéz JánosJános Vitéz (archbishop)

J?nos Vit?z was the archbishop of Esztergom and a prominent humanist, diplomat, Latinist, mathematician, astrologist and ast...
, then Archbishop of Hungary. The figure attributed to Botticelli — the temperance — has many traits of his later works. Some eminent scholars in the field such as Miklos Boskovits and Louis Waldman reject the frescoes' attribution to Botticelli.

Anthology of works

  • Madonna and Child with an AngelMadonna and Child with an Angel (Botticelli)

    The Madonna and Child with an Angel is a panting by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli, c....
     (1465-1467) -Tempera on panel, 87 x 60 cm, Spedale degli Innocenti, FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
     
  • Madonna and Child with an Angel (1465-67) - Tempera on panel, 110 x 70 cm, Musée Fesch, AjaccioAjaccio

    Ajaccio , pronounced "ah-YAH-cho", is a town of France....
  • Madonna della LoggiaMadonna della Loggia (Botticelli)

    Madonna della Loggia is a work of art by the artist Botticelli....
     (c. 1467) - Tempera on panel, 72 x 50 cm, UffiziUffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • The Virgin and Child with Two Angels and the Young St. John the Baptist (1465-1470) - Tempera on panel, 85 x 62 cm, Galleria dell Accademia, FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • The Annunciation (c. 1479) - Tempera on panel, 19 x 30 cm. Hyde Collection, Glens Falls
  • The Virgin and Child, St. John and an Angel (c. 1488) - Warsaw National Museum, PolandPoland

    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country located in Central Europe....
  • Adoration of the Magi (1465-1467) -Tempera on panel, 50 x 136 cm, National GalleryNational Gallery, London

    The National Gallery is an art gallery in London, located on the north side of Trafalgar Square....
    , LondonLondon

    London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom....
  • Portrait of a Young ManPortrait of a Young Man of Pitti (Botticelli)

    The Portrait of a Young Man is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Sandro Botticelli, dated between 1470 and 14...
     (c. 1469) - Tempera on panel, 51 x 33,7 cm, Palazzo PittiPalazzo Pitti

    The Palazzo Pitti is a vast mainly Renaissance palace in Florence, Italy....
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Madonna in Glory with SeraphimMadonna in Glory with Seraphim (Botticelli)

    Madonna in Glory with Seraphim is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli, 1469-1470....
     (1469-1470) - Tempera on panel, 120 x 65 cm, UffiziUffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Madonna of the Sea (1469-1470) - Tempera on wood, 40 x 28 cm, Galleria dell'Accademia, FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Madonna of the Rosegarden (Madonna del Roseto) (1469-1470) - Tempera on panel, 124 x 65 cm, UffiziUffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Madonna and Child and Two AngelsFacts About Madonna and Child and Two Angels (Botticelli)

    The Madonna and Child with Two Angels is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, c....
     (c. 1468-1470) - Tempera on panel, 100 x 71 cm, Galleria Nazionale di Capodimonte, NaplesNaples

    Naples is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania region and the Province of Naples....
  • Portrait of Esmeralda Brandini (1470-1475) - Tempera on panel, 65,7 x 41 cm, Victoria and Albert MuseumVictoria and Albert Museum

    The Victoria and Albert Museum is on the corner of Cromwell Gardens and Exhibition Road in South Kensington, west London, En...
    , LondonLondon

    London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom....
  • FortitudeFortitude (Botticelli)

    The Fortitude is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, finished in 1470....
     (c. 1470) - Tempera on panel, 167 x 87 cm, UffiziUffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Madonna and Child with Six Saints (Sant'Ambrogio Altarpiece)Sant'Ambrogio Altarpiece (Botticelli)

    The Madonna and Child with Six Saints, also known as Sant'Ambrogio Altarpiece, is a painting by the Italian Renais...
     (c. 1470) - Tempera on panel, 170 x 194 cm, UffiziUffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Madonna and Child with an Angel (c. 1470) - Tempera on wood, 84 x 65 cm, Isabella Stewart Gardner MuseumIsabella Stewart Gardner Museum

    The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is a museum in Boston, Massachusetts with a collection of over 2,500 works of European, ...
    , BostonBoston, Massachusetts

    Boston is the capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States....
  • The Return of Judith to Bethulia (1470- 1472) - Oil on panel, 31 x 24 cm, Uffizi, Florence
  • The Discovery of the Murder of Holofernes (1470-1472) - Tempera on wood, 31 x 25 cm, Uffizi, Florence
  • Adoration of the Magi (1465-1467) -Tempera on panel, diameter 131,5 cm, National GalleryNational Gallery, London

    The National Gallery is an art gallery in London, located on the north side of Trafalgar Square....
    , LondonLondon

    London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom....
  • Portrait of a Young Woman (c. 1475) - Tempera on panel, 61 x 40 cm, Palazzo PittiPalazzo Pitti

    The Palazzo Pitti is a vast mainly Renaissance palace in Florence, Italy....
    , FlorenceFlorence Overview

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Adoration of the MagiAdoration of the Magi of 1475 (Botticelli)

    The Adoration of the Magi is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, dating from 1475 or 1476....
     (1465-1467) -Tempera on panel, 111 x 134 cm, Uffizi, Florence
  • St. SebastianSt. Sebastian (Botticelli)

    St. Sebastian is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli, 1474....
     - Tempera on panel, 195 x 75 cm, GemäldegalerieGemäldegalerie, Berlin

    The Gem?ldegalerie is an art gallery in Berlin, Germany....
    , BerlinBerlin

    Berlin is the capital city and a state of Germany....
  • Portrait of a Man with a Medal of Cosimo the ElderPortrait of a Man with a Medal of Cosimo the Elder

    Portrait of a Man with the Medal of Cosimo de Medici is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, ...
     (c. 1474-1475) - Tempera on panel, 57,5 x 44 cm, Uffizi, Florence


  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici (c. 1475) - Tempera on panel, 54 x 36 cm, Accademia CarraraAccademia Carrara

    The Accademia Carrara is an art gallery and an academy of fine arts in Bergamo, Italy....
    , BergamoBergamo

    Bergamo is a town in Lombardy, Italy, about 40km northeast of Milan....
  • Madonna and Child (c. 1475) - Tempera on panel, Art Institute, ChicagoChicago

    Chicago is the largest city in the U.S....
  • Catherine of Alexandria, portrait of Caterina SforzaCaterina Sforza

    Caterina Sforza, countess of Forlì, was an illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza....
     (c. 1475) - Lindenau-Museum, AltenburgAltenburg Summary

    Altenburg [listen] is a town in the German federal state of Thuringia, 45 km south of Leipzig....
  • Nativity (1475-1480) - fresco transferred to canvas, Columbia Museum of ArtColumbia Museum of Art

    The Columbia Museum of Art, South Carolina's international art museum, has an extraordinary collection of European and American fi...
    , Columbia, SC, USA, Gift of Samuel Kress Foundation
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici (1476-1477) - Tempera on panel, 75,6 x 36 cm, National Gallery of ArtNational Gallery of Art

    The National Gallery of Art is an art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C....
    , WashingtonWashington, D.C.

    Washington, D.C. is the capital city of the United States of America....
  • The Birth of Christ, (1476-1477) - Fresco, 200 x 300 cm, Santa Maria Novella, FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Portrait of Giuliano de' MediciPortrait of Giuliano de' Medici of Berlin (Botticelli)

    and Berlin were probably not created until after Giuliano's assassination during the [[Pazzi...
     - Panel, 54 x 36 cm, GemäldegalerieGemäldegalerie, Berlin

    The Gem?ldegalerie is an art gallery in Berlin, Germany....
    , BerlinBerlin

    Berlin is the capital city and a state of Germany....
  • Madonna and Child with Eight Angels (c. 1478) - Tempera on panel, diameter 135 cm, GemäldegalerieGemäldegalerie, Berlin

    The Gem?ldegalerie is an art gallery in Berlin, Germany....
    , BerlinBerlin

    Berlin is the capital city and a state of Germany....
  • St. Augustine - Fresco, 152 x 112 cm, church of Ognissanti, FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Madonna of the Magnificat (Madonna del Magnificat)Madonna of the Magnificat (Botticelli)

    The Madonna of the Magnificat is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, executed in 1481....
     (1480-1483) - Tempera on panel, diameter 118 cm, Uffizi, Florence
  • Madonna of the Book (Madonna del Libro)Madonna of the Book (Botticelli)

    The Madonna of the Book, also known as the Madonna del Libro, is a small painting by the Italian Renaissance a...
     (c. 1480-1483) - Tempera on panel, 58 x 39,5 cm, Museo Poldi PezzoliMuseo Poldi Pezzoli

    The Museo Poldi Pezzoli is a art museum in Milan, northern Italy....
    , MilanMilan

    Milan is the main city of northern Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy....
  • Portrait of a Young WomanPortrait of a Young Woman of Frankfurt (Botticelli) Overview

    The Portrait of a Young Woman is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli, 1480-1485]....
     (1480-85) - Tempera on wood, 82 x 54 cm, Stadelsches Kunstinstitut, FrankfurtFrankfurt

    For the capital of the U.S. state of Kentucky, see Frankfort...
  • Portrait of a Young Woman (after 1480) - Oil on panel, 47,5 x 35 cm, GemäldegalerieGemäldegalerie, Berlin

    The Gem?ldegalerie is an art gallery in Berlin, Germany....
    , BerlinBerlin

    Berlin is the capital city and a state of Germany....
  • Annunciation - Fresco, 243 x 550 cm, UffiziUffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • St. Sixtus IISistine Chapel

    The Sistine Chapel is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Roman Catholic Pope in the Vatican Cit...
     - Fresco, 210 x 80 cm, Sistine ChapelSistine Chapel

    The Sistine Chapel is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Roman Catholic Pope in the Vatican Cit...
    , Vatican CityVatican City

    Vatican City formally State of the Vatican City, or Vatican City State is a sovereign city-state whose terri...
  • Adoration of the Magi (1481-1482) - Tempera on panel, 70 x 103 cm, National Gallery of Art, WashingtonWashington, D.C.

    Washington, D.C. is the capital city of the United States of America....
  • Pallas and the CentaurPallas and the Centaur

    Pallas and the Centaur is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli, circa 1482....
     (1482-1483) - Tempera on canvas, 207 x 148 cm, UffiziUffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Venus and MarsVenus and Mars (Botticelli)

    Venus and Mars is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, 1483....
     - Tempera on panel, 69 x 173 cm, National GalleryNational Gallery, London

    The National Gallery is an art gallery in London, located on the north side of Trafalgar Square....
    , LondonLondon

    London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom....
  • Portrait of a Young ManPortrait of a Young Man of London (Botticelli)

    Portrait of a Young Man is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Sandro Botticelli, circa 1483....
     (c. 1483) - Tempera on panel, 37,5 x 28,2 cm, National Gallery, London
  • Portrait of a Young Man (c. 1482-1483) - Tempera on panel, 41 x 31 cm, National Gallery of ArtNational Gallery of Art

    The National Gallery of Art is an art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C....
    , WashingtonWashington, D.C.

    Washington, D.C. is the capital city of the United States of America....
  • The Story of Nastagio degli Onesti (c. 1483) - Tempera on panel, 83 x 138 cm, Museo del PradoMuseo del Prado

    name= Museo del Prado|image= Madrid-prado.jpg...
    , MadridMadrid

    Madrid is the capital of Spain. Madrid is the largest city in Spain, as well as in the province and the autonomous community...
  • The Virgin and Child Enthroned (Bardi Altarpiece) - Tempera on panel, 185 x 180 cm, GemäldegalerieGemäldegalerie, Berlin

    The Gem?ldegalerie is an art gallery in Berlin, Germany....
    , BerlinBerlin

    Berlin is the capital city and a state of Germany....
  • The Birth of VenusThe Birth of Venus (Botticelli)

    The Birth of Venus is a painting by Sandro Botticelli....
     (1484-1486) - Tempera on canvas, 184,5 x 285,5 cm, Uffizi, Florence
  • Annunciation - Tempera and gold on wood, 19,1 x 31,4 cm, Metropolitan Museum of ArtFacts About Metropolitan Museum of Art

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as The Met, is one of the world's largest and most important ...
    , New YorkNew York City

    New York City is the largest city in the United States and the twelfth largest city in the world, making it a major global c...
  • Madonna Adoring the Child with Five AngelsMadonna Adoring the Child with Five Angels (Botticelli)

    Madonna Adoring the Child with Five Angels is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, completed ...
     (1485-1490) - Tempera on panel, Baltimore Museum of ArtBaltimore Museum of Art

    The Baltimore Museum of Art in Baltimore, Maryland, was founded in 1914....
    , BaltimoreBaltimore, Maryland

    Baltimore is an independent city located in the U.S....
  • Madonna of the Pomegranate (Madonna della Melagrana)Madonna of the Pomegranate (Botticelli)

    The Madonna of the Pomegranate is a painting of the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, circa 1487....
     (c. 1487) - Tempera on panel, diameter 143,5 cm, Uffizi, Florence
  • The Virgin and Child with Four Angels and Six Saints (Pala di San Barnaba) (c. 1487-1488) - Tempera on panel, 268 x 280 cm, UffiziUffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Vision of St. Augustine (c. 1488) - Tempera on panel, 20 x 38 cm, Uffizi, Florence
  • Christ in the Sepulchre (c. 1488) - Tempera on panel, 21 x 41 cm, Uffizi, Florence
  • Salome with the Head of St. John the Baptist (c. 1488) - Tempera on panel, 21 x 40,5 cm, Uffizi, Florence
  • Extraction of St. Ignatius' Heart (c. 1488) - Tempera on panel, 21 x 40,5 cm, Uffizi, Florence
  • Cestello AnnunciationCestello Annunciation (Botticelli)

    The Annunciation, also known as the Cestello Annunciation, is a tempera painting by the Italian Renaissance ma...
     (1489-1490) - Tempera on panel, 150 x 156 cm, UffiziUffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • The Virgin Adoring the Child (c. 1490) - Tempera on panel, diameter 59,6 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington
  • Lamentation over the Dead ChristLamentation over the Dead Christ (Botticelli)

    The Lamentation over the Dead Christ, is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, finished around...
     (c. 1490) - Tempera on panel, 140 x 207 cm, Alte PinakothekAlte Pinakothek

    The Alte Pinakothek is an art museum situated in the Kunstareal in Munich, Germany....
    , MunichMunich

    colspan="2" bgcolor="BBDDFF" | Munich|-bgcolor="#FFFFFF"...
  • Portrait of a Man (c. 1490) - Tempera on canvas transferred from wood, 49 x 35 cm, Private collection
  • San Marco Altarpiece (1490-1492) - Tempera on panel, 378 x 258 cm (pala) and 21 x 269 cm (entire predella) Uffizi, Florence
  • St. Augustine in His Cell (1490-1494) - Tempera on panel, 41 x 27 cm cm, UffiziUffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Madonna and Child and the Young St John the Baptist (1490-1495) - Tempera on canvas, 134 x 92 cm, Galleria Palatina (Palazzo Pitti)Palazzo Pitti

    The Palazzo Pitti is a vast mainly Renaissance palace in Florence, Italy....
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Portrait of Lorenzo di Ser Piero Lorenzi (1490-1495) - Tempera on panel, 50 x 36,5 cm, Philadelphia Museum of ArtPhiladelphia Museum of Art

    The Philadelphia Museum of Art, located at the west end of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park, w...
    , PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

    Philadelphia, colloquially referred to as Philly, and known as The City of Brotherly Love is the fifth most pop...
  • Virgin and Child with the Infant St. John the BaptistVirgin and Child with the Infant St. John the Baptist (Botticelli)

    The Virgin and Child with the Infant St....
     (1490-1500) - Tempera on wood, diameter 74 cm, São Paulo Museum of Art, São PauloSão Paulo

    So Paulo is the capital of the state of So Paulo in southeastern Brazil....
    , BrazilBrazil

    Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest and most populous country in South America, and ...
  • Holy Trinity (Pala delle Convertite)Holy Trinity (Botticelli)

    The Holy Trinity or Pala delle Convertite is an altarpiece by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticell...
     (1491-1493) - Tempera on panel, 215 x192 cm, Courtauld Institute Galleries, LondonLondon

    London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom....
  • The Virgin and Child with Three Angels (Madonna del Padiglione)Madonna del Padiglione (Botticelli)

    The Madonna and Child with Three Angels is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, executed in ...
     (c. 1493) - Tempera on panel, diameter 65 cm, Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, MilanMilan

    Milan is the main city of northern Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy....
  • Calumny of ApellesCalumny of Apelles (Botticelli)

    The Calumny of Apelles is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, circa 1494-1495....
     (1494-1495) - Tempera on panel, 62 x 91 cm, UffiziFacts About Uffizi

    The Uffizi Gallery is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the wor...
    , FlorenceFlorence

    Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy....
  • Lamentation over the Dead Christ with SaintsLamentation over the Dead Christ with Saints (Botticelli)

    The Lamentation over the Dead Christ with Saints is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Sandro Botticelli, date...
     (c. 1495) - Tempera on panel, 107 x 71 cm, Museo Poldi PezzoliMuseo Poldi Pezzoli

    The Museo Poldi Pezzoli is a art museum in Milan, northern Italy....
    , MilanMilan

    Milan is the main city of northern Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy....
  • Last Communion of St. JeromeLast Communion of St Jerome (Botticelli)

    The Last Communion of St. Jerome, is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, finished around 149...
     (c. 1495) - Tempera on panel, 34,5 x 25,4 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
  • Portrait of Dante (c. 1495) - Tempera on canvas, 54,7 x 47,5 cm, Private collection
  • The Story of VirginiaThe Story of Virginia (Botticelli)

    The Story of Virginia, is a painting created by Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli....
     (1496-1504) - Tempera on panel, 85 x 165 cm, Accademia CarraraAccademia Carrara

    The Accademia Carrara is an art gallery and an academy of fine arts in Bergamo, Italy....
    , BergamoBergamo Summary

    Bergamo is a town in Lombardy, Italy, about 40km northeast of Milan....
  • The Story of LucretiaThe Story of Lucretia (Botticelli)

    The History of Lucretia is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, painted between 1496 and 1504...
     (1496-1504) - Tempera on panel, 83,5 x 180 cm, Isabella Stewart Gardner MuseumIsabella Stewart Gardner Museum Overview

    The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is a museum in Boston, Massachusetts with a collection of over 2,500 works of European, ...
    , BostonBoston, Massachusetts

    Boston is the capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States....
  • Crucifixion (c. 1497) - Tempera on canvas, 73,5 x 50,8 cm, Fogg Art MuseumFogg Art Museum

    The Fogg Art Museum is the oldest of Harvard University's art museums....
    , Harvard UniversityHarvard University

    "Harvard" redirects here. For other uses of the name Harvard, see Harvard ....
    , CambridgeCambridge, Massachusetts

    Cambridge is a city in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States....
  • Christ Crowned with Thorns (c. 1500) - Tempera on panel, 47,6 x 32,3 cm, Accademia CarraraAccademia Carrara

    The Accademia Carrara is an art gallery and an academy of fine arts in Bergamo, Italy....
    , BergamoBergamo

    Bergamo is a town in Lombardy, Italy, about 40km northeast of Milan....
    , ItalyItaly

    Italy, officially the Italian Republic , is a Southern European country....
  • Transfiguration, St Jerome, St Augustine (c. 1500) - Tempera on panel, 27,5 x 35,5 cm, Galleria Pallavicini, RomeRome

    Rome is the capital of Italy and of its region, called Latium....
  • Judith Leaving the Tent of Holofernes (1495-1500) - Tempera on panel, 36,5 x 20 cm, RijksmuseumFacts About Rijksmuseum

    The Rijksmuseum is a national museum of the Netherlands, located in Amsterdam on the Museumplein....
    , AmsterdamAmsterdam

    ', the official capital of the Netherlands, lies on the banks of two bodies of water, the IJ bay and the Amstel river....
  • Agony in the Garden (c. 1500) - Tempera on panel, 53 x 35 cm, Capilla RealCapilla Real

    The Capilla Real, or Royal Chapel, in Granada is a mausoleum that houses the remains of the Catholic Kings , Don Fernand...
    , GranadaGranada

    Granada – Greek: - Elibyrge; Latin: Illiberis or Illiberi Liberini ; Arabic: ?????? – is a ...
  • The Mystical NativityThe Mystical Nativity (Botticelli)

    The Mystical Nativity is a tempera painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, circa 1500-1501....
     (c. 1500) - Tempera on canvas, 108,5 x 75 cm, National Gallery, London
  • Baptism of St. Zenobius and His Appointment as BishopBaptism of St. Zenobius (Botticelli)

    Baptism of St. Zenobius and His Appointment as a Bishop is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticell...
     (1500-1505) - Tempera on panel, 66,5 x 149,5 cm, National GalleryNational Gallery, London Overview

    The National Gallery is an art gallery in London, located on the north side of Trafalgar Square....
    , LondonLondon

    London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom....
  • Three Miracles of St. Zenobius (1500-1505) - Tempera on panel, 65 x 139,5 cm, Metropolitan Museum of ArtMetropolitan Museum of Art

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as The Met, is one of the world's largest and most important ...
    , New YorkNew York City

    New York City is the largest city in the United States and the twelfth largest city in the world, making it a major global c...
  • Three Miracles of St. Zenobius (1500-1505) - Tempera on panel, 67 x 150,5 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
  • Last Miracle and the Death of St. ZenobiusLast Miracle and the Death of St. Zenobius (Botticelli) Summary

    The Last Miracle and Death of St. Zenobius is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli, c....
     (1500-1505) - Tempera on panel, 66 x 182 cm, Gemäldegalerie, DresdenDresden

    Dresden is the capital city of the German Federal State of Saxony and situated in a valley on the River Elbe....


See also

  • List of painters
  • List of Italian paintersList of Italian painters

    Famous Italian painters:*Francesco Albani,...
  • List of famous Italians
  • Renaissance painting
  • Italian RenaissanceItalian Renaissance

    The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Eur...
  • Western paintingWestern painting

    The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition from Antiquity....
  • History of paintingHistory of painting

    The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures....


External links