Mount Imeon

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Mount Imeon

Mount Imeon is an ancient name for the Central Asia

Central Asia

Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east, and from southern Russia in the north to northern India in the south....
n complex of mountain ranges comprising the present Hindu Kush

Hindu Kush

The Hindu Kush is a mountain range located in eastern and central Afghanistan, northwestern Pakistan and northeastern India.The origin of the name Hindu Kush is disputed, despite its coinage apparently dating back no further than c.1330....
, Pamir

Pamir Mountains

The Pamir Mountains are a mountain range in Central Asia formed by the junction or knot of the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun Mountains, and Hindu Kush ranges....
and Tian Shan

Tian Shan

The Tian Shan , also commonly spelled Tien Shan, is a mountain range located in Central Asia. The Chinese name for Tian Shan or Tien Shan, may in turn go back to a Xiongnu name, qilian reported by the Shiji as the last place where they met and had their baby as in of the Yuezhi, which has been argued to refer to the Tian Shan...
, extending from the Zagros Mountains

Zagros Mountains

The Zagros , are the largest mountain range in Iran and Iraq. They have a total length of 1 500 km from western Iran, on the border with Iraq to the southern parts of the Persian Gulf....
in the southwest to the Altay Mountains

Altay Mountains

File:2006-07_altaj_belucha.jpgThe Altai Mountains are a mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together, and where the rivers Irtysh, Ob River and Yenisei have their sources....
in the northeast, and linked to the Kunlun

Kunlun Mountains

The Kunlun Mountains is one of the longest mountain chains in Asia, extending more than 3,000 km.The Kunlun runs westwards along the northern part of the Tibetan plateau to form the border range of northern Tibet....
, Karakoram

Karakoram

Karakoram is a large mountain range spanning the borders between Pakistan, China, and India, located in the regions of Gilgit District, Ladakh, and Baltistan....
and Himalayas

Himalayas

The Himalaya Range or Himalayas for short , meaning "abode of snow" ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau....
to the southeast. See also Roof of the World

Roof of the World

Roof of the World is a metaphoric description of the highest region in the world, also known as "High Asia", or the Trans-Himalaya, the mountainous interior of Asia....
.

Geography
A detailed description of the mountainous territory and its people was given in the Armenia

Armenia

Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
n geography index Ashharatsuyts written by Anania Shirakatsi

Anania Shirakatsi

Anania Shirakatsi was an Armenians mathematician, astronomer and geographer. His most famous works are Geography , and Cosmography ....
in the seventh century AD (or possibly by Moses of Chorene in the fifth century.) According to the original Ashharatsuyts mapping reconstructed by Acad.

Academician

The title Academician denotes a Full Member of an art, literary, or scientific academy.In many countries it is a honorary title."Academician" may also be a functional title and denote a full member of the National National Academy in those countries where the Academy has a strong influence on national scientific life, particularly...
Suren T. Eremian

Suren Yeremyan

Suren Tigrani Yeremyan was an Armenians historian and cartographer who specialized in the studies concerning the formation of the Armenian nation and pre-medieval Armenia and the Caucasus....
, the mountain system was divided into four branches named Southern Imeon (‘Emavon’ in Armenian

Armenian language

The 'Armenian language' is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenians. It is the official language of the Armenia as well as in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh....
), Southeastern Imeon, Northern Imeon, and [Northeastern] Imeon corresponding respectively to present Hindu Kush

Hindu Kush

Badakhshan

Badakhshan is a region comprising parts of northeastern Afghanistan and southeastern Tajikistan. Badakhshan Province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan....
and Pamir

Pamir Mountains

The Pamir Mountains are a mountain range in Central Asia formed by the junction or knot of the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun Mountains, and Hindu Kush ranges....
; Alay Mountains

Alay Mountains

1. An east-west range of the Tian Shan in southern Osh Province, Kyrgizstan. To the south is the Alay Valley and then the Trans-Alay Range on the Tajik border....
and the Tian Shan

Tian Shan

Fergana Valley

The Fergana Valley or Farghana Valley is a region in Central Asia spreading across eastern Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Shakhimardan khanate Pamirs Central Asia....
; and the central and eastern part of Tian Shan

Tian Shan

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Encyclopedia

Mount Imeon is an ancient name for the Central Asia

Central Asia

Hindu Kush

Pamir Mountains

The Pamir Mountains are a mountain range in Central Asia formed by the junction or knot of the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun Mountains, and Hindu Kush ranges....
and Tian Shan

Tian Shan

Zagros Mountains

Altay Mountains

Kunlun Mountains

Karakoram

Karakoram is a large mountain range spanning the borders between Pakistan, China, and India, located in the regions of Gilgit District, Ladakh, and Baltistan....
and Himalayas

Himalayas

Roof of the World

Roof of the World is a metaphoric description of the highest region in the world, also known as "High Asia", or the Trans-Himalaya, the mountainous interior of Asia....
.

Geography

A detailed description of the mountainous territory and its people was given in the Armenia

Armenia

Anania Shirakatsi

Academician

Suren Yeremyan

Armenian language

Hindu Kush

Badakhshan

Badakhshan is a region comprising parts of northeastern Afghanistan and southeastern Tajikistan. Badakhshan Province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan....
and Pamir

Pamir Mountains

The Pamir Mountains are a mountain range in Central Asia formed by the junction or knot of the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun Mountains, and Hindu Kush ranges....
; Alay Mountains

Alay Mountains

1. An east-west range of the Tian Shan in southern Osh Province, Kyrgizstan. To the south is the Alay Valley and then the Trans-Alay Range on the Tajik border....
and the Tian Shan

Tian Shan

Fergana Valley

Tian Shan

China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
in the east, India

India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
in the south, Aria

Aria (satrapy)

Aria , name of a region in the eastern part of the Persian empire, several times confused with Ariane in the classical sources....
in the west (the region around modern Herat

Herat

Herat , classically called the Aria, is a city in western Afghanistan, in the province also known as Herat province. It is situated in the valley of the Hari River, Afghanistan, which flows from the mountains of central Afghanistan to the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan....
, marked as ‘Arya’ on Eremian's map), and Khwarezm

Khwarezm

Khwarezm were a series of states centered on the Amu Darya river delta of the former Aral Sea, in Greater Iran , extending across the Ust-Urt plateau and possibly as far west as the eastern shores of the northern Caspian Sea....
in the northwest.

The mountain system was crossed by a segment of the Silk Road

Silk Road

The Silk Road is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, including North Africa and Europe....
leading westwards from Yarkand to the Stone Tower in eastern Pamir

Pamir Mountains

The Pamir Mountains are a mountain range in Central Asia formed by the junction or knot of the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun Mountains, and Hindu Kush ranges....
(mentioned by Ptolemy

Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemaeus , known in English as Ptolemy , was a Roman Greek mathematics, Greek astronomy, geographer and astrologer. He lived in History of Roman Egypt, and was probably born there in a town in the Thebaid called Ptolemais Hermiou; he died in Alexandria around 168 AD....
, and shown on the Ashharatsuyts map too), then through the Wakhan Corridor

Wakhan Corridor

The Wakhan Corridor or Wakhan Salient is a narrow but almost impassable corridor in the Wakhan in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan....
and Badakhshan

Badakhshan

Badakhshan is a region comprising parts of northeastern Afghanistan and southeastern Tajikistan. Badakhshan Province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan....
to reach the ancient major city of Balh (Balkh)

Balkh

Balkh , also known as Bactra, was once a major world city but was destroyed entirely by the Mongols. Today it is a small town in the Balkh Province, northern Afghanistan, about 20 kilometers northwest of the provincial capital, Mazar-e Sharif, and some 74 km south of the Amu Darya, the Oxus River of antiquity, of which a tributary form...
. An alternative Northern Silk Road

Northern Silk Road

The Northern Silk Road is a prehistoric trackway in northern China originating in the early capital of Xi'an and extending north of the Taklamakan Desert to reach the ancient monarchys of Parthia, Bactria and eventually Persia and Rome....
went from Kashgar

Kashgar

Kashgar or Kashi ...
to upper Alay Valley, then crossed the Alay Mountains

Alay Mountains

1. An east-west range of the Tian Shan in southern Osh Province, Kyrgizstan. To the south is the Alay Valley and then the Trans-Alay Range on the Tajik border....
to enter Fergana Valley

Fergana Valley

Lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli is a semi-precious stone prized since antiquity for its intense blue color.Lapis lazuli has been mined in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan for 6,500 years, and trade in the stone is ancient enough for lapis jewelry to have been found at Predynastic Egyptian sites, and lapis beads at neolithic burials in Mehrgarh, the C...
deposits in western Badakhshan

Badakhshan

Sar-e-Sang

Sar-e-Sang is a settlement in the Kuran Wa Munjan District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan, famous for its ancient lapis lazuli mines producing the world's finest lapis....
have been producing lapis lazuli for several millennia now, supplying the ancient civilizations of Egypt

Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
, Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system, along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern Iraq, as well as some parts of northeastern Syria, some parts of southeastern Turkey, and some parts of the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran....
, India

India

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
, and still yielding the world’s finest lapis. The Venetian

Republic of Venice

The Most Serene Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice . It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century AD until the year 1797....
adventurer Marco Polo

Marco Polo

Marco Polo was a trader and exploration from the Venetian Republic who gained fame for his worldwide travels, recorded in the book Il Milione also known as Oriente Poliano and the Description of the World....
visited the mines in 1271 during his famous journey to China

China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
, following the Silk Road to cross the mountains by way of Wakhan.

Population

According to Ashharatsuyts the Central Asian territory west of Imeon was inhabited in Antiquity

Ancient history

Ancient history is the history from the History of writing until the Early Middle Ages in Europe, the Qin Dynasty in China, the Chola Empire in India, and some less defined point in the rest of the world ....
by fifteen old artisan and trading nations: Massagetae

Massagetae

The Massageteans or Massagetaeans were an Ancient Iranian peoples of antiquity known primarily from the writings of Herodotus. Their name was probably akin to Getae and Thyssagetae....
, Bulgars

Bulgars

The Bulgars were a seminomadic people, probably of Turkic peoples descent, originally from Southern Central Asia, who from the 2nd century onwards dwelled in the steppes north of the Caucasus and around the banks of river Volga ....
(Bulhi in Armenian

Armenian language

The 'Armenian language' is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenians. It is the official language of the Armenia as well as in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh....
; Shirakatsi uses the same name for the Bulgars who inhabited the valleys of Northern Caucasus

Caucasus Mountains

The Caucasus Mountains is a Mountain range in Eurasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea sea in the Caucasus region.The Caucasus Mountains are made up of two separate mountain systems:...
at his time, and according to Moses of Chorene had settled also the Armenian principality of Vanand

Vanand

Vanand is the name used to describe the area of historic Armenia that roughly corresponds to the Kars Province of present-day Turkey. Named after the Armenian family of Vanandi, it was a principality of the Kingdom of Armenia and a later province of the Democratic Republic of Armenia....
before that), Khwarezmians (‘Horozmiki’) etc., and by forty-three nomadic

Nomad

Nomadic people, , also known as nomads, are communities of people who move from one place to another, rather than Settler in one location....
tribes including the Hephthalite

Hephthalite

The Hephthalites or White Huns were a Central Asian nomadic confederation whose precise origins and composition remain obscure. They were called Ephthalites by the Huns, and Hunas by the Indian subcontinent....
s and Alchons

Xionites

File:Tianxia_zh-hant.svgChionites, Chionitae or Xionites were a nomadic tribe prominent in Transoxania and Bactria.Chionites had arrived in the mid-4th century with the wave of immigration from Central Asia into Iran in late antiquity....
.

The lands in the upper watershed of Oxus River (present day Amu Darya

Amu Darya

The Amu Darya is the longest river in Central Asia. Its name is sometimes represented in a single word, Amudarya .Amu is said to have come from the city of Amul, now known as T?rkmenabat....
) draining the northern slopes of Hindu Kush, the western slopes of Pamir, and bounded to the north by the Alay Mountains (roughly, northern Afghanistan

Afghanistan

Afghanistan , officially the Islamic republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia....
, and most of Tajikistan

Tajikistan

Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east....
) were inhabited by the Bulgars

Bulgars

Kingdom of Balhara

Kingdom of Balhara was a state situated in the upper course of Oxus River , and the foothills and valleys of Hindu Kush and Pamir Mountains . Established ca....
there since ca. seventh century BC. Apart from Anania Shirakatsi, other historiographers in late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages such as Agathias of Myrina

Agathias

Agathias or Agathias Scholasticus , of Myrina , an Aeolian city in western Asia Minor, was a Greece poet and the historian who is a principal source for that part of the reign of Justinian I covered in his history....
, Theophylact Simocatta

Theophylact Simocatta

Theophylact Simocatta was an early 7th century Byzantine Empire historiographer, arguably ranking as the last historian of Late Antiquity.He wrote a history of the reign of emperor Maurice_%28emperor%29 in eight books....
, and Michael the Syrian

Michael the Syrian

Michael the Syrian was a List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1166-1199. He is best known today as the author of the largest medieval Chronicle, which he composed in Syriac language....
also identify Mount Imeon as an early homeland of the ancient Bulgars. The western and northern foothills of Mount Imeon north of the Bulgar lands were shown on the ‘Ashharatsuyts’ map as inhabited by the Sacae, Massagetae

Massagetae

Hephthalite

Anariacae

Anariacae is an ancient Asian people mentioned by Polybius, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder. The Armenian geographer Anania Shirakatsi mentions Anariacae among the people inhabiting the northern foothills of Mount Imeon in Central Asia....
people. Those ancient people contributed to the ethnogenesis

Ethnogenesis

Ethnogenesis is the process by which a group of human beings comes to be understood or to understand themselves as Ethnicity distinct from the wider social landscape from which their grouping emerges....
of the present Afghans, Tajiks

Tajiks

Tajik is a general designation for a wide range of mostly Persian language peoples of Iranian peoples, with traditional homelands in present-day Afghanistan, Tajikistan, southern Uzbekistan, north west Pakistan and western China....
, Uzbeks

Uzbeks

The Uzbeks are a Turkic peoples people of Central Asia. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, and large populations can also be found in Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China....
, Kyrgyz

Kyrgyz

The Kyrgyz are a Turkic peoples ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan....
, and Kazakhs

Kazakhs

The Kazakhs are a Turkic peoples of the northern parts of Central Asia ....
.

Honour

Imeon Range

Imeon Range is a mountain range occupying the interior of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Extending 30 km in southwest-northeast direction between Cape James and Cape Smith, and 6.8 km wide....
on Smith Island

Smith Island (South Shetland Islands)

Smith Island is 20 miles long and 5 miles wide, lying 45 miles west of Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands of the British Antarctic Territory....
in the South Shetland Islands

South Shetland Islands

The South Shetland Islands are a group of List of antarctic and sub-antarctic islands, lying about 120 kilometres north of the Antarctic Peninsula....
, Antarctica

Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent, overlying the South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctica of the southern hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean....
is named after Mount Imeon.