Central Morocco Tamazight

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Central Morocco Tamazight

For a correct tifinagh
Tifinagh

Tifinagh is an alphabetic script used by some Berber peoples, notably the Tuareg, to write their language. The Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley....
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Tamazight or Central Morocco Tamazight or Braber (native name: tamazight or more exactly (????????) tamazigt) is a dialect of the Berber language which is spoken in Central Morocco

Morocco

Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
.

Vowels
There are three phonemic vowels, /a i u/:

These may have a number of allophones depending on their environment:

Allophony

The rules governing vowel allophony are as follows:

(# denotes word boundary, X denotes C[-flat -x -?], C? denotes C[+flat], G denotes C?, /x/, and /?/)

/i/ > [i] / #_X

/i/ > [?] / #_X? / X?_

/i/ > [?] [e] / _G / G_

/i/ > [?j] / X_#

/u/ > [u] / #_X / X(?)_X

/u/ > [?] [o] / _G / G_

/u/ > [?w] / X(?)_#

/a/ > [æ] / #_X(?) / X(?)_X

/a/ > [?] / X(?)_#

/a/ > [?] / _C? / C?_

Phonetic Schwa

There is a predictable non-phonemic vocalic element inserted into consonant clusters.

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Encyclopedia

Tamazight or Central Morocco Tamazight or Braber (native name: tamazight or more exactly (????????) tamazigt) is a dialect of the Berber language which is spoken in Central Morocco

Morocco

Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
.

Phonology

Vowels

There are three phonemic vowels, /a i u/:

	Front Front vowel A front vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a front vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....	Central Central vowel A central vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a central vowel is that the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel....	Back Back vowel A back vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a back vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....
Close Close vowel A close vowel is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....
Open Open vowel An open vowel is a vowel sound of a type used in most spoken languages. The defining characteristic of an open vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth....

These may have a number of allophones depending on their environment:

	Front Front vowel A front vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a front vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....	Centralized Central vowel A central vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a central vowel is that the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel....	Back Back vowel A back vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a back vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....
High
Lowered
Low Close vowel A close vowel is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....

Allophony

The rules governing vowel allophony are as follows:

(# denotes word boundary, X denotes C[-flat -x -?], C? denotes C[+flat], G denotes C?, /x/, and /?/)

/i/ > [i] / #_X

ili to exist

/i/ > [?] / #_X? / X?_

id?a he went

/i/ > [?] [e] / _G / G_

??iqs to burst out

/i/ > [?j] / X_#

is?f??i he made me happy

/u/ > [u] / #_X / X(?)_X

ums? I painted

/u/ > [?] [o] / _G / G_

i?u? he turned

/u/ > [?w] / X(?)_#

bdu to begin

/a/ > [æ] / #_X(?) / X(?)_X

azn to send

/a/ > [?] / X(?)_#

da here

/a/ > [?] / _C? / C?_

?a?r to be present

Phonetic Schwa

There is a predictable non-phonemic vocalic element inserted into consonant clusters. It is realized as [?¨

Near-close central unrounded vowel

The near-close central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound as or ....
] before front consonants (e.g. /b t d .../) and [?

Mid central vowel

The mid central vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is @....
] before back consonants (e.g. /k x .../). It is voiced before voiced consonants and voiceless before voiceless consonants.

These are the rules governing the occurrence of [?]:

(# denotes word boundary, L denotes /l r m n/, H denotes /h ? ? w y/)

#C(?)# > ?C(?)

g [?g] to be, to do

#C[-L]C# > C?C

?? [???] to laugh

#LC# > ?LC or L?C

ns [?ns] [n?s] to spend the night

#C?C# > ?C??C

f?r [?f??r] to hide

#CCC# > CC?C / C1C2 are not

xdm [xd?m] to work
z?f [z??f] to get mad

#CCC# > ?CC?C or #C?C?C# / is

hdm [?hd?m] [h?d?m] to demolish

#CCC# > C?C?C / C2C3 =

?mn [??m?n] to guarantee

Examples:

tb??mnt [tb?r??m?nt] you (fp) turned
dat??a?ar [dat???a?ar] she is present
?a??? [?a????] to meet

Stress

Word stress is non-contrastive and predictable - it falls on the last vowel in a word (including schwa). In words without phonemic vowels, primary stress is on the last [?].

Examples:

sal ['sal] to ask
dayt??a?a? [dayt???a'?a?] he is present
fs?r [f?s?'?r] to explain
tfs?rnt [t?f?s??'r?nt] you (fp) explained

Consonants

Tamazight has a contrastive set of "flat" consonants, manifested in two ways:

For front segments, velarization
Velarization

Velarization is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the Soft palate during the articulation of the consonant....
: /? ? ? ? ? ? ?/ (phonetically [t? d? s? z? l? n? r?])
For back segments, labialization: /g? ? q?/ and rarely /x? ??/ (phonetically [g? k? q? x? ??])

Tenseness (phonetically gemination) contrasts with laxness for all segments except /? h/.

**IPA chart Tamazight consonants**
	Dental Dental consonant In linguistics, a dental consonant or dental is a consonant that is articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as , , , and in some languages....		Alveolar Alveolar consonant Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the Dental alveolus of the superior teeth....		Post- palatal		Velar Velar consonant Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the Soft palate)....		Uvular Uvular consonant Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the Palatine uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants....
	plain	flat¹	plain	flat¹	plain	flat¹	plain	flat¹	plain	flat¹
Nasal Nasal consonant A nasal consonant is produced with a lowered soft palate in the mouth, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The oral cavity still acts as a resonance chamber for the sound, but the air does not escape through the mouth as it is blocked by the tongue....
Stop
Fricative Fricative consonant Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two Place of articulation close together. These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of ; the back of the tongue against the soft palate, in the case of German language , the final consonant of Bach; or the side of the tongue ag...
Approximant Approximant consonant Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and "typical" consonants. In the articulation of approximants, articulatory organs produce a narrowing of the vocal tract, but leave enough space for air to flow without much audible turbulence....
Lateral Lateral consonant Laterals are "L"-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue....
Flap Flap consonant In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator is thrown against another....

Phonetic notes:

realized as velarization for front segments and labialization for back segments
mainly in the environment of /s z š ž r l m n/
rare -- native speakers can freely substitute /x ?/
mainly in Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
borrowings

Examples

English	Tamazight	IPA
Hello	s?alamu?lik?um (to a man by a man) ?lik?ums?alam (response) ??ahi?awn (to or by a woman) ??aysl?m (response)
Good morning	?ba?lxi?
Good evening	mslxi?
Good night	ns ylman (to m.s. or f.s.) mun dlman (response) nsat ylman (to m.p.) tmunm dlman (response) nsint ylman (to f.p.) tmunt dlman (response)
Goodbye	??ayhn?ik? (to m.s.) ??ayhn?ik?m (to f.s.) ??ayhn?ik?n (to m.p.) ??ayhn?ik?nt (to f.p.) tamanil?ah (response)

Central Morocco Tamazight

Allophony

Phonetic Schwa

Phonology

Vowels

Allophony

Phonetic Schwa

Stress

Consonants

Examples

See also

Internal links

External links