São José dos Campos
Encyclopedia
São José dos Campos is a municipality and a major city in the state of São Paulo
, Brazil
and one of the most important industrial and research centers in Latin America
. It is located in the Paraíba Valley
, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country, São Paulo (80 km (49.7 mi) from the city) and Rio de Janeiro (320 km (198.8 mi)). According to a 1999 UN
study, São José dos Campos was rated one of the top 25 Brazilian cities for quality of life. With its high per capita income, long life expectancy and high level of infrastructure, São José dos Campos is a safe and secure city that offers a wide variety of stores and services. A native of São José dos Campos is called joseense (ʒozɛˈẽsi).
The municipality is comprised by three districts: São José dos Campos — the city itself, (also the seat), Eugênio de Melo and São Francisco Xavier
. The last one is known for its natural sites and ecotourism
.
The district of São José dos Campos is also subdivided into 2 subdistricts (São José dos Campos and Santana do Paraíba).
However, for administrative purposes, the city is composed of 7 urban regions: Center, North, South, West, East, Southeast and São Francisco Xavier.
The annual average relative humidity
is 76%. Tropical air masses predominate during 50% of the year and colder air masses predominate for the rest of the year
In the summer, the average maximum temperature is 29 °C (84.2 °F) and in the winter, the average minimum temperature is 10 °C (50 °F). The average annual temperature is 20 °C (68 °F).
Köppen climate classification
: Cwa
predominate in the north region of the municipality, whose altitudes range from 660 metre. They are called Serra da Mantiqueira (Mantiqueira Range). There are also peaks and mountains that can reach up to 2420.7 m (7,941.9 ft) (Pico dos Marins - Piquete
- SP, Brazil) where the weather reaches -12 °C.
In the urban area
, there are rolling plateaus and hills.
In the south, the ridges of Serra do Mar
form the boundary between the coastal plain and the inland plateau (planalto), which has an altitude of 400 metre.
of the Paraíba do Sul
River that crosses the city longitudinally and names the region as Paraíba Valley
. The river has larger tributaries on the left bank than the right. However, on the right banks, the Jaguari River
, Buquira River
,and other tributaries are an important part of the city's drainage system. Some of these other creeks are the Comprido River, the Pararangaba River and the Lambari River.
For the water supply
of the population and livestock, the Rio do Peixe, tributary of the Jaguari River, stands out. It drains the north portion of the municipality and its waters contribute significantly to the Jaguari Dam
, which forms an important reservoir used by CESP
for electricity generation
.
Along with the mountainous topography
, there are a great number of fluvial elements, such as waterfalls.
The quality of the water is excellent, and the artesian wells of the region possess average outflow of 30m³/hour.
. The farm was located on the banks of the Rio Comprido, natural division between São José and the city of Jacareí
today.
The farm status was an artifice to hide a religious outpost, one of the several Jesuit Reductions
in Brazil, known for their resistance to enslavement, from the Portuguese
expedition leaders and indigenous people hunters, known as the Bandeirantes
.
On September 10, 1611, the local was officially recognized and the farmers precluded from utilizing the Natives as slaves. However, a turmeric
conflict between farmers and the religious led to the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1640 from the region and the consequent dispersion of the mission.
Nevertheless, the Jesuits returned and reestablished a new settlement, where the current city center is spotted. It was about 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of the previous mission, on a higher plain with a privileged view above a geological depression, which guaranteed security against invasions and floods. Again, despite being a new mission, it was officially treated as a cattle farm.
The initial urbanization plan is attributed to the Jesuit priest Manoel de Leão, whose main occupation was really to be an administrator of the community.
In 1692, documents named the village as Residência do Paraíba do Sul; in 1696 as Residência de São José.
At the beginning of the gold mining economic cycle in Brazil, the settlement goes through serious difficulties due to the exit of labor to the mines.
After the definitive expulsion of Jesuits from the Portuguese Empire in 1759, all the religious order's assets, such as farms, colleges and villages were taken under the Portuguese Crown's custody. The governor, D. Luis Antonio Botelho Mourão, had as a priority to turn these new assets into productive units and increase tax collection. For that, Boutelho Mourão successfully requested authorization from the Viceroy
to create civil parishes, known as freguesias, and to change the fiscal status of villages to the category of Vila
(town).
Then, on July 27, 1767, São José reached the official status of town, with a hall and a pillory
, passing over the status of civil parish; and the name Vila de São José do Paraíba was formalized. But for many years it maintained the same rural characteristics. The main difficulty was the fact that the Estrada Real (Royal Road) passed by its limits, far from the village.
In the same year, on April 22, the town became the seat of a municipality, acquiring finally, in 1871, the current name of São José dos Campos, followed by the creation of a judiciary district in 1872. Almost simultaneously, there was development of coffee crops in Paraíba Valley, which started to take off in 1870.
In 1886, after the opening of the Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil
railway (1877), the coffee production peaked. Then started to decay, running steady until the 1930s.
by sanatorium
s became noticed at the beginning of last century, due to its supposedly favorable climate conditions. The city became to be known as the Sanatorium City. The country’s then largest hospital, the Vicentina Aranha Sanitarium, was opened in town in 1924, and in 1935 the municipality was officially recognized as a health retreat.
With the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s, tuberculosis begins to be treated anywhere, thus ending the healthcare advantage carried out by São José, whereas the establishment of industries was about just to start.
The industrialization process of the municipality takes hold from the installation of the Technological Institute of Aeronautics in 1950 and also with the opening of the Dutra Highway (BR-116), thus making possible a faster connection between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo and cutting into the urban area of São José dos Campos. Altogether, these factors allowed the municipality to make strides towards fulfilling its scientific and technological potential.
have merged in the last two decades. The estimated population of both cities is 841,000 inhabitants.
The large population growth that occurred in the city was a result of continuous migration from other regions of the country. As a consequence, in 1991, people that were born in São José dos Campos represented only 47% of population (according to IBGE
). According to a new research from Univap
, this number increased to 49.83% in 2004.
In the city, the population (according to census 2000) was spread out with:
The city's ethnic composition (according to census 2010) is 72.61% whites; 21.4% brown; 4.48% blacks; 1.44% asian; 0.08% amerindian.
and was reelected in 2008.
Address of local government
The State of São Paulo is divided politically and administratively into 15 regions. São José dos Campos is the seat and the name of the 3rd Administrative Region, which includes the North Coast of São Paulo state and the Paraíba Valley.
The region comprises 39 municipalities with sharp contrasts. São José dos Campos is a densely populated city, with approximately 2,100 inhabitants/square kilometers in urban area, whereas the quiet municipality of São José do Barreiro has only 7 inhabitants/square kilometer. There are both highly industrialized cities and the others in the region are focused on agriculture and tourism. São José dos Campos is well known as the Capital do Vale which means that São José dos Campos is the most important city of the Paraíba Valley.
It is one of the state's most dynamic areas, the fourth one in terms of population density, and covers 11.3% of the state's territory. The main municipalities are São José dos Campos, Taubaté
, Jacareí
, Guaratingueta, Caraguatatuba
, Campos do Jordão
, São Sebastião
, Lorena, Pindamonhangaba
, Ubatuba and Caçapava
.
Besides those malls, the most important commercial centers include:
And newer areas such as:
The Vila Ema district has the most interesting sites for nightlife including bars and restaurants.
The occupancy rates of the hotels are high throughout the year. A diversity of hotels are offered including Accor
Hotels (Ibis São José, Ibis Colinas, Mercury, Novotel
and Space Valley Parthernon Flat), Caesar Business, Blue Tree Towers, Shelton Inn, Urupema, Carlton Plaza, Intervale Othon, Comfort Inn and Di Giulio.
The following sites attract visitors:
Cultural Foundation
, named after the Brazilian poet
. It aims to promote and sponsor cultural activities and events, spreading and extending knowledge among the population. Furthermore, the public foundation stimulates creation and emerging of new artists in different sectors. The foundation was also charged with the preservation and expansion of the Municipal Public Archives and to provide support to the Municipal Historic Preservation
Council (COMPHAC).
Several cultural centers are maintained by the foundation including Cine Santana , Centro Cultural Clemente Gomes, Espaço Cultural Chico Triste, Helena Calil Arts Center and Espaço Cultural Mário Covas
The São José dos Campos Symphony Orchestra, fomented by Cassiano Ricardo Cultural Foundation, is an already respected orchestra
in the country.
The city also houses important choirs (such as Libercanto, Vocalis, Vozes and ITA), with popular
and eclectic performances.
São José is an important center for dance
. It is the headquarters for several dance schools (Cristina Cará, Ana Araújo, Rosilene Sánchez, Damares Antelmo), that already have taken part in several international contests. Jazz, step dance, ballet, techno, aerobic, among other dance forms, are presented to the public in December every year at municipal competitions. The Cassiano Ricardo Foundation is also starting a dance company.
Popular parties are also important events. Perhaps the most distinguished is the so called Festa Junina
(Saint John's Festival). It is mainly celebrated on key days following the Catholic feast days of Saint Anthony
, John the Baptist
and Saint Peter
. It happens at different churches, schools and parks in June.
The Sports Museum was opened on July 30, 1999. In exhibition are trophies, medals, photos and newspapers about the history of sports of São José dos Campos since 1910.
City Anniversary Run - a 12 kilometer run taking place on the streets of the city center in the morning, with hundreds of athletes from the city and from the Vale do Paraíba region on July 27.
A Japanese garden
is open for visits within the Santos-Dumont Park, celebrating the sister cities.
There is also cooperation with: Toulouse
, France
.
On the oustskirts of the urban area, Augusto Ruschi Ecology Reserve has many local plant species. The natural reserve has 2500000 m² (2,989,975.1 sq yd), being a government protect area for the local flora
. São Francisco Xavier is a community the offers many of those attributes as well.
Furthermore, there is easy access to the mountain cities (Campos do Jordão , Santo Antônio do Pinhal) and to the beaches of the Northern Coast of São Paulo.
The city has three parks and several sport and country clubs.
Important clubs are Clube Luso Brasileiro, Tenis Clube São José
(important center for amateur sports such as volleyball
and basketball
), Associação Esportiva São José (including its country club
Clube Santa Rita, which has a golf course
) and Thermas do Vale.
Tenis Clube and Associação Esportiva São José have hosted the 35th Banana Bowl International Tennis Federation
Juniors Circuit in 2005 and 2006.
A soccer stadium, called Estádio Martins Pereira
, is the home ground of São José Esporte Clube
, a professional soccer team.
Important teams from the city:
There are 19 movie
theaters and 2 theaters including one inside the Univap - University of Vale do Paraíba
.
São José dos Campos has a pivotal role as research center in Brazil. The Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE) has its headquarters there. It coordinates intensive research and development in areas such as Earth observation, space sciences and space technologies. Also the Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology (CTA)
has its facilities in the city. There are 53 secondary schools, 54 primary schools and 109 preschools.
Universities and colleges
Research centers
Technical schools
Newspaper
Founded on January 2, 1952, ValeParaibano
is the most important daily newspaper in São José dos Campos. The reported circulation data were around 20,000 on weekdays and 30,000 on Sundays in 2002.
Television Stations
The city has 2 bus stations, having lines to cities in all regions of the country and international routes to Argentina
, Paraguay
, Uruguay
and Chile
.
São José dos Campos boasts an extensive bus system. Operated by three companies (Expresso Maringa, Julio Simões and Viação Capital do Vale), these lines serve nearly all areas in the city with 319 buses. São José dos Campos also has an alternative system with minivans to supplement the regular buses.
The city uses a ring road
system, that interconnects it to important national and state highways:
The city is also served by a railway (the former Central do Brasil
), administered by MRS Logística
, which today only carries freight.
The ports of São Sebastião
and Santos
can be reached by the highways SP-099, SP-155, and BR-101.The transportation of cargo to the domestic and foreign markets is made through both ports.
The São José dos Campos Airport (IATA: SJK, ICAO: SBSJ) has a heavy passenger flow, mainly business trips during weekdays, and it is an important connection between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. With a 3000 m (9,842.5 ft) runaway, the airport also serves people who come to visit the tourist city of Campos de Jordão. The airlines Azul Brazilian Airlines
and TRIP Linhas Aéreas
fly from São José dos Campos to several destinations and presently are the only commercial airlines operating on São José dos Campos.
It is also used for the transportation of cargo from the several industries located in the so-called Cone Leste Paulista ("São Paulo's East Cone"). Infraero
and the Federal Revenue Agency are also introducing a new concept called airport-industry, that will offer fiscal incentives and fast importation and exportation procedures. The municipality has also a Customs Station for the Hinterland (dry port), controlled by the Federal Revenue Agency.
São José dos Campos receives natural gas
from two gas pipelines
, and large companies such as General Motors, Kodak, Monsanto and Embraer are among the main users. The city is the 3rd largest in the country referring to the distribution net of natural gas for residential use.
It has also a large network of fiber optics, with broadband
services covering 75% of the city. There is 1 telephone for each 3 inhabitants and a vast service network of cellular telephones.
and 89% are connected to the sewage system. Around 45% of the sewage and 97% of the water from the city are treated. Sabesp
has been doing new investments. The city counts on a selective domestic waste collection
, for recycling
.
In the health sector, São José dos Campos is the focal point of the Northern Coastline and Southern Minas Gerais regions. It has 18 hospitals, 15 emergency centers, 33 health attendance posts and 9 specialized clinics.
Bisceted by the Federal Highway BR-116 Dutra, which links it to the main economical centers of the country, São José dos Campos is a city that continuously tries to develop its infrastructure and technology, improving the quality of life of its citizens and opening new opportunities for business. The presence of educational and research centers in the city was a major key for its fast economic development. It occupies the 9th position among the 100 best Brazilian cities for business, according to a study of the magazine Exame published in 2002. In another study, made by Cushman & Wakefield, an American company in the area of real estate business, São José dos Campos was appointed worldwide as one of the seven best cities with opportunities of investment in real estate
.
High and positive economy indicators show that this municipality has a great share in the state and in the country's economy.
In 2004, the municipality had the eleventh Gross Domestic Product on national terms and the third GDP within the State. It was the second exporter only to the city of São Paulo (revenues of USD 4.7 billion) in 2004.
Its estimated per capita income value, in nominal terms, was US$ 10,715 (far higher than the national average or even São Paulo's).
Discussions about how to diversify the activities in the city have been held. Around 66.6% of the local economy still comes from the manufacturing sector. Many economists, such as Roberto Koga, consider the city still heavily dependent on few sectors, especially the aerospace and defense industry.
Despite these arguments, the city was appoínted as the 3rd best employer among Brazilian non-capital cities by magazine Você S/A, published in July 2005
In contrast to the rural town in 1950s, today São José is an important manufacturing center and holds a large array of industries. Over 1251 industries are in the municipality and nearby 47,000 inhabitants work for industries. The three main industries are automotive, oil
/petrochemical
and aerospace
. There are significant pharmaceutical, consumer durables, chemical, and telecommunication
companies in the city.
It is also known as the "Brazilian aeronautics capital" because it is home of CTA and one of the biggest aircraft manufacturers in the world, Embraer
. It owes much of its economic success to Embraer's presence.
and quaternary
sectors of industries.
For instance, the Entrepreneurial District of Chacaras Reunidas concentrates companies of micro, small and medium size, which are mainly the result of downsizing from old large local industries. Yet even though most of these are industries, these companies provide service as well.
Two technological parks and five (one in project) business incubators have been created within universities or industrial facilities.
There are incubators with technological start-up companies installed at Univap and at Henrique Lage Refinery
of Petrobrás
. The CTA houses other incubator, Incubaero, specialized in the aeronautical field.
Univap features a technological park with capacity for around 40 small to medium sized innovating companies in the areas of materials, electronics
and telecommunications, information technology
, aerospace
, energy
, environment
control, biotechnology
, bioinformatics
, chemical engineering
, and software among others. A new technological park, managed by the municipality and the state government of São Paulo, will house two new think tanks: the Institute for Technological Research (IPT) and the ItecBio (Instituto de Tecnologias Biomédicas).
As a result of its geographical location, the city became an important distribution center, having several logistics
providers. Activities like purchasing, transport, planning and warehousing have employed many people recently.
Commerce and real estate ventures have developed in the last years, reflecting the changes in the economy. For instance, the largest shopping mall in the region was an old manufacturing facility. Serving the region's population of approximately one million, the city is the regional hub for shopping and services for the Vale do Paraíba, the northern coast of São Paulo and southern Minas Gerais
.
The city has 34 hotels (1784 hotel rooms) and several auditoriums for meetings and conventions. There are 77 bank branches and 8 internet providers.
Advertising agencies have been established alongside television stations.
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil...
, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
and one of the most important industrial and research centers in Latin America
Latin America
Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages – particularly Spanish and Portuguese, and variably French – are primarily spoken. Latin America has an area of approximately 21,069,500 km² , almost 3.9% of the Earth's surface or 14.1% of its land surface area...
. It is located in the Paraíba Valley
Paraíba Valley
The Paraíba Valley is located in the eastern part of the state of São Paulo along the rodovia Presidente Dutra , between Rio De Janeiro and São Paulo....
, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country, São Paulo (80 km (49.7 mi) from the city) and Rio de Janeiro (320 km (198.8 mi)). According to a 1999 UN
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
study, São José dos Campos was rated one of the top 25 Brazilian cities for quality of life. With its high per capita income, long life expectancy and high level of infrastructure, São José dos Campos is a safe and secure city that offers a wide variety of stores and services. A native of São José dos Campos is called joseense (ʒozɛˈẽsi).
Area
- total area: 1099.6 km² (424.6 sq mi)
- urban area: 298.99 km² (115.4 sq mi) (27.19%)
- metropolitan area (east): 45.04 km² (17.4 sq mi) (4.09%)
- metropolitan area (north): 81.18 km² (31.3 sq mi) (7.38%)
- rural: 673.39 km² (260 sq mi) (61.23%)
Borders
- Northern Border: CamanducaiaCamanducaiaCamanducaia is the southernmost municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Inhabited by 20,212 in 2008....
, Sapucaí MirimSapucaí MirimSapucaí Mirim is a municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil....
in Minas GeraisMinas GeraisMinas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the... - Southern Border: JacareíJacareíJacareí is a city of approximately 211,308 inhabitants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The name comes from a native brazilan language . It's a word that means something like "the rivers where alligators are found"....
, JambeiroJambeiroJambeiro is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 is 4,355 and the area is 184.28 km². The elevation is 695 m.-External links:*...
in São Paulo State - Eastern Border: Monteiro LobatoMonteiro Lobato, São PauloMonteiro Lobato is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 was 3,736, with a density of 11.2 inhabitants/km² in an area of 333.59 km²....
, CaçapavaCaçapavaCaçapava is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 was 81,298 and the area was 370.87 km². The elevation is 560 m. The city lies between Taubaté and São José dos Campos....
in São Paulo State - Western border: IgaratáIgaratáIgaratá is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 is 9,318 and the area is 294.51 km². The elevation is 745 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language.-Hidrography:...
, JoanópolisJoanópolisJoanópolis is a municipality/county in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 is 11,550 and the area is 375.58 km². The elevation is 906 m....
, PiracaiaPiracaiaPiracaia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 is 25,578 and the area is 385.62 km². The elevation is 792 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language. The city changed its name to Piracaia on March 20, 1906....
in São Paulo State
Cityscape
São Francisco Xavier
São Francisco Xavier is a village and an administrative district in the municipality of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State, Brazil....
. The last one is known for its natural sites and ecotourism
Ecotourism
Ecotourism is a form of tourism visiting fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas, intended as a low impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial tourism...
.
The district of São José dos Campos is also subdivided into 2 subdistricts (São José dos Campos and Santana do Paraíba).
However, for administrative purposes, the city is composed of 7 urban regions: Center, North, South, West, East, Southeast and São Francisco Xavier.
Climate
The climate is humid and subtropical, with the dry season in winter. The greatest precipitation occurs from November to March, contributing to 72% of the annual volume.The annual average relative humidity
Relative humidity
Relative humidity is a term used to describe the amount of water vapor in a mixture of air and water vapor. It is defined as the partial pressure of water vapor in the air-water mixture, given as a percentage of the saturated vapor pressure under those conditions...
is 76%. Tropical air masses predominate during 50% of the year and colder air masses predominate for the rest of the year
In the summer, the average maximum temperature is 29 °C (84.2 °F) and in the winter, the average minimum temperature is 10 °C (50 °F). The average annual temperature is 20 °C (68 °F).
Köppen climate classification
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...
: Cwa
Topography
HighlandsHighland (geography)
The term highland or upland is used to denote any mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau. Generally speaking, the term upland tends to be used for ranges of hills, typically up to 500-600m, and highland for ranges of low mountains.The Scottish Highlands refers to the mountainous...
predominate in the north region of the municipality, whose altitudes range from 660 metre. They are called Serra da Mantiqueira (Mantiqueira Range). There are also peaks and mountains that can reach up to 2420.7 m (7,941.9 ft) (Pico dos Marins - Piquete
Piquete
Piquete is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 is 15,431 and the area is 176.32 km². The elevation is 645 m....
- SP, Brazil) where the weather reaches -12 °C.
In the urban area
Urban area
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets.Urban areas are created and further...
, there are rolling plateaus and hills.
In the south, the ridges of Serra do Mar
Serra do Mar
Serra do Mar is a 1,500 km long system of mountain ranges and escarpments in Southeastern Brazil, which runs in parallel to the Atlantic Ocean coast from the state of Espírito Santo to southern Santa Catarina, although some include Serra Geral in the Serra do Mar, in which case this range...
form the boundary between the coastal plain and the inland plateau (planalto), which has an altitude of 400 metre.
- Municipality: Elevations 550 metre
- City: Elevations 550 metre, average of 660 m (2,165.4 ft)
Hydrology
The municipality is located in the Hydrological BasinDrainage basin
A drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
of the Paraíba do Sul
Paraíba do Sul
thumbThe Paraíba do Sul , or simply termed Paraíba, is a river in the south-east of Brazil. It flows 1,137 kilometres west to northeast from its farthest source at the source of the river Paraitinga to the sea near Campos...
River that crosses the city longitudinally and names the region as Paraíba Valley
Paraíba Valley
The Paraíba Valley is located in the eastern part of the state of São Paulo along the rodovia Presidente Dutra , between Rio De Janeiro and São Paulo....
. The river has larger tributaries on the left bank than the right. However, on the right banks, the Jaguari River
Jaguari River
The Jaguari River is a river of São Paulo state in southeastern Brazil.-See also:* ] map]* Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993....
, Buquira River
Buquira River
The Buquira River is a river of São Paulo state in southeastern Brazil.-References:*...
,and other tributaries are an important part of the city's drainage system. Some of these other creeks are the Comprido River, the Pararangaba River and the Lambari River.
For the water supply
Water supply
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavours or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes...
of the population and livestock, the Rio do Peixe, tributary of the Jaguari River, stands out. It drains the north portion of the municipality and its waters contribute significantly to the Jaguari Dam
Dam
A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. Hydropower and pumped-storage hydroelectricity are...
, which forms an important reservoir used by CESP
Companhia Energética de São Paulo
The Companhia Energética de Sao Paulo is the largest producer of electricity in the state of Sao Paulo, with total installed power of 7.455,30 MW, and the third largest in Brazil. It owns and operates six hydroelectric plants integrated into the National Interconnected System .-See also:* Eng...
for electricity generation
Electricity generation
Electricity generation is the process of generating electric energy from other forms of energy.The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday...
.
Along with the mountainous topography
Topography
Topography is the study of Earth's surface shape and features or those ofplanets, moons, and asteroids...
, there are a great number of fluvial elements, such as waterfalls.
The quality of the water is excellent, and the artesian wells of the region possess average outflow of 30m³/hour.
The beginning
The origins of São José dos Campos lie at the end of the 16th Century when Jesuits founded a cattle farm, Aldeia do Rio Comprido. The farm was created through a concession of settlements around 1590 to the Society of JesusSociety of Jesus
The Society of Jesus is a Catholic male religious order that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as "God's Army" and as "The Company," these being references to founder Ignatius of Loyola's military background and a...
. The farm was located on the banks of the Rio Comprido, natural division between São José and the city of Jacareí
Jacareí
Jacareí is a city of approximately 211,308 inhabitants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The name comes from a native brazilan language . It's a word that means something like "the rivers where alligators are found"....
today.
| Historical populations | |
|---|---|
| Census year | Population |
| 1940 | 36,279 |
| 1950 | 44,804 |
| 1960 | 77,533 |
| 1970 | 148,332 |
| 1980 | 287,513 |
| 1991 | 442,370 |
| 2000 | 539,313 |
| 2002 est. | 559,710 |
| 2004 est. | 589,050 |
| 2005 est. | 600,089 |
| 2006 est. | 610,965 |
| 2010 (IBGE IBGE The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE , is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil... ) |
629,921 |
The farm status was an artifice to hide a religious outpost, one of the several Jesuit Reductions
Jesuit Reductions
A Jesuit Reduction was a type of settlement for indigenous people in Latin America created by the Jesuit Order during the 17th and 18th centuries. In general, the strategy of the Spanish Empire was to gather native populations into centers called Indian Reductions , in order to Christianize, tax,...
in Brazil, known for their resistance to enslavement, from the Portuguese
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
expedition leaders and indigenous people hunters, known as the Bandeirantes
Bandeirantes
The bandeirantes were composed of Indians , caboclos , and some whites who were the captains of the Bandeiras. Members of the 16th–18th century South American slave-hunting expeditions called bandeiras...
.
On September 10, 1611, the local was officially recognized and the farmers precluded from utilizing the Natives as slaves. However, a turmeric
Turmeric
Turmeric is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is native to tropical South Asia and needs temperatures between 20 °C and 30 °C and a considerable amount of annual rainfall to thrive...
conflict between farmers and the religious led to the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1640 from the region and the consequent dispersion of the mission.
Nevertheless, the Jesuits returned and reestablished a new settlement, where the current city center is spotted. It was about 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of the previous mission, on a higher plain with a privileged view above a geological depression, which guaranteed security against invasions and floods. Again, despite being a new mission, it was officially treated as a cattle farm.
The initial urbanization plan is attributed to the Jesuit priest Manoel de Leão, whose main occupation was really to be an administrator of the community.
In 1692, documents named the village as Residência do Paraíba do Sul; in 1696 as Residência de São José.
At the beginning of the gold mining economic cycle in Brazil, the settlement goes through serious difficulties due to the exit of labor to the mines.
After the definitive expulsion of Jesuits from the Portuguese Empire in 1759, all the religious order's assets, such as farms, colleges and villages were taken under the Portuguese Crown's custody. The governor, D. Luis Antonio Botelho Mourão, had as a priority to turn these new assets into productive units and increase tax collection. For that, Boutelho Mourão successfully requested authorization from the Viceroy
Viceroy
A viceroy is a royal official who runs a country, colony, or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king. A viceroy's province or larger territory is called a viceroyalty...
to create civil parishes, known as freguesias, and to change the fiscal status of villages to the category of Vila
Vila (disambiguation)
-Brazil:* Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, a municipality in the State of Mato Grosso* Vila Boa, a municipality in the State of Goiás* Vila Flores, a municipality in Rio Grande do Sul* Vila Flor, a municipality in Rio Grande do Norte...
(town).
Then, on July 27, 1767, São José reached the official status of town, with a hall and a pillory
Pillory
The pillory was a device made of a wooden or metal framework erected on a post, with holes for securing the head and hands, formerly used for punishment by public humiliation and often further physical abuse, sometimes lethal...
, passing over the status of civil parish; and the name Vila de São José do Paraíba was formalized. But for many years it maintained the same rural characteristics. The main difficulty was the fact that the Estrada Real (Royal Road) passed by its limits, far from the village.
Cotton and coffee
In the middle of the 19th century, the village of São José do Paraíba had demonstrated some signs of economic growth through the development of agriculture. Cotton production evolved rapidly in the region, exported to the English textile industry. The production reached a peak in 1864.In the same year, on April 22, the town became the seat of a municipality, acquiring finally, in 1871, the current name of São José dos Campos, followed by the creation of a judiciary district in 1872. Almost simultaneously, there was development of coffee crops in Paraíba Valley, which started to take off in 1870.
In 1886, after the opening of the Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil
Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil
The Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil was one of the principal railways of Brazil, uniting the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais.-Origins:...
railway (1877), the coffee production peaked. Then started to decay, running steady until the 1930s.
Hydro-mineral retreat and industrialization
The call for the municipality of São José dos Campos for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosisTuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
by sanatorium
Sanatorium
A sanatorium is a medical facility for long-term illness, most typically associated with treatment of tuberculosis before antibiotics...
s became noticed at the beginning of last century, due to its supposedly favorable climate conditions. The city became to be known as the Sanatorium City. The country’s then largest hospital, the Vicentina Aranha Sanitarium, was opened in town in 1924, and in 1935 the municipality was officially recognized as a health retreat.
With the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s, tuberculosis begins to be treated anywhere, thus ending the healthcare advantage carried out by São José, whereas the establishment of industries was about just to start.
The industrialization process of the municipality takes hold from the installation of the Technological Institute of Aeronautics in 1950 and also with the opening of the Dutra Highway (BR-116), thus making possible a faster connection between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo and cutting into the urban area of São José dos Campos. Altogether, these factors allowed the municipality to make strides towards fulfilling its scientific and technological potential.
Demographics
The built up regions of São José dos Campos and the neighboring city of JacareíJacareí
Jacareí is a city of approximately 211,308 inhabitants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The name comes from a native brazilan language . It's a word that means something like "the rivers where alligators are found"....
have merged in the last two decades. The estimated population of both cities is 841,000 inhabitants.
The large population growth that occurred in the city was a result of continuous migration from other regions of the country. As a consequence, in 1991, people that were born in São José dos Campos represented only 47% of population (according to IBGE
IBGE
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE , is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil...
). According to a new research from Univap
University of Vale do Paraíba
University of Vale do Paraíba is a major university located in São José dos Campos in the state of São Paulo, Brazil....
, this number increased to 49.83% in 2004.
In the city, the population (according to census 2000) was spread out with:
- 24.2% under the age of 14
- 20.1% from 15 to 24
- 47.4% from 25 to 59
- 8.2% who were 60 years of age or older.
The city's ethnic composition (according to census 2010) is 72.61% whites; 21.4% brown; 4.48% blacks; 1.44% asian; 0.08% amerindian.
Government
São José dos Campos has a "strong mayoral" system in which the mayor is vested with extensive executive powers, as it is in all municipalities in Brazil. The mayor is elected to a four-year term by universal voting. The City Council is elected every four years with the mayor. The current mayor is Eduardo Cury, from the political party PSDBPSDB
The Brazilian Social Democracy Party is a centrist political party in Brazil. Originally a centre-left party at the time of its foundation, PSDB moved to the centre after Fernando Henrique Cardoso forged an alliance with the right-wing Liberal...
and was reelected in 2008.
Address of local government
- Rua José de Alencar 123, Jd. Santa Luzia Cep 12209-530 São José dos Campos - SP - Brazil
The state administrative region of São José dos Campos
The region comprises 39 municipalities with sharp contrasts. São José dos Campos is a densely populated city, with approximately 2,100 inhabitants/square kilometers in urban area, whereas the quiet municipality of São José do Barreiro has only 7 inhabitants/square kilometer. There are both highly industrialized cities and the others in the region are focused on agriculture and tourism. São José dos Campos is well known as the Capital do Vale which means that São José dos Campos is the most important city of the Paraíba Valley.
It is one of the state's most dynamic areas, the fourth one in terms of population density, and covers 11.3% of the state's territory. The main municipalities are São José dos Campos, Taubaté
Taubaté
Taubaté is a city in the State of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. Its strategic geographical location, between the two most important Brazilian cities , being crossed by Presidente Dutra Highway which connects the two megacities, and between high, cold mountains and the Atlantic Ocean has...
, Jacareí
Jacareí
Jacareí is a city of approximately 211,308 inhabitants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The name comes from a native brazilan language . It's a word that means something like "the rivers where alligators are found"....
, Guaratingueta, Caraguatatuba
Caraguatatuba
Caraguatatuba, widely known by its abbreviation Caraguá, is a city in the eastern part of the southern state of São Paulo in Brazil. The name comes from the Tupi language and one of the words includes tuba meaning many. Caraguatatuba is the largest city of São Paulo north shore.The economy of the...
, Campos do Jordão
Campos do Jordão
Campos do Jordão is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2003 was 47,903 and the area is 290.27 km². The elevation is 1,628 m....
, São Sebastião
São Sebastião
São Sebastião is Portuguese for "Saint Sebastian". It may also refer to:-Brazil:* São Sebastião, Alagoas* São Sebastião, São Paulo* Ilha de São Sebastião, São Paulo, alternate name of Ilhabela* São Sebastião do Alto, Rio de Janeiro...
, Lorena, Pindamonhangaba
Pindamonhangaba
Pindamonhangaba is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, located in the Paraíba valley, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It is accessed to the Via Dutra at the 99th km...
, Ubatuba and Caçapava
Caçapava
Caçapava is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 was 81,298 and the area was 370.87 km². The elevation is 560 m. The city lies between Taubaté and São José dos Campos....
.
- Population of the region: 2,243,687 (est. 2006/IBGE)
- Population Density: 288.56 inhabitants per square kilometer
Important mayors
- João Cursino (1908/1910, 1913/1916, 1919/1930)
- Rui Dória (1931)
- Francisco José Longo (1938/1941)
- Elmano Ferreira Veloso (1949/1950, 1953/1956, 1958/1961, 1966/1970)
- Jorge Zarur (1947 and 1950)
- José Marcondes Pereira (1962/1966)
- Sérgio Sobral de Oliveira (1970/1975)
- Ednardo José de Paula Santos (1975/1978)
- Joaquim Vicente Ferreira Bevilacqua (1978/1982, 1989/1990)
- Hélio Augusto (1986)
- Ângela GuadagninÂngela GuadagninÂngela Moraes Guadagnin is a Brazilian politician and physician. She was the mayor of São José dos Campos from 1993 to 1996, a federal deputy for the State of São Paulo from 1999 to 2006 , and is currently a city councilwoman in São José dos Campos.She caught national attention in 2006, when she...
(1993/1996) - Emanuel Fernandes (1997/2000, 2001/2004)
Shopping areas
Tourists and locals find complete and diversified shopping areas in São José dos Campos. All the major hypermarkets, supermarket chains and discount and department stores are in city. The largest malls are:- CenterVale Shopping;
- Shopping Colinas;
- Vale Sul Shopping;
- Shopping Center São José.
Besides those malls, the most important commercial centers include:
- The Old Downtown area including:
- Rua Sete de Setembro - Calçadão - a popular street shopping area.
- Rua XV de Novembro - located in Praça Afonso Pena, the town squareTown squareA town square is an open public space commonly found in the heart of a traditional town used for community gatherings. Other names for town square are civic center, city square, urban square, market square, public square, and town green.Most town squares are hardscapes suitable for open markets,...
. This street was the main streetMain StreetMain Street is the metonym for a generic street name of the primary retail street of a village, town, or small city in many parts of the world...
in São José dos Campos in the 1950s and 1960s. On the weekends, handcraft exhibitions are held there and in other squares. - Other streets: Rua Rubião Júnior, Rua Vilaça, Rua Siqueira Campos and Rua Sebastião Hummel.
- the Municipal Market (popular groceries, stores);
And newer areas such as:
- Avenida Francisco José Longo and Avenida Nelson D´Ávila (hotels and maintenance services);
- Avenida Nove de Julho (fashionable boutiques and restaurants)
- Rua Luis Jacinto (nightclubs and restaurants);
- Rua São João (with a small mall with exquisite boutiques called Shopping Esplanada, as well as restaurants and schools);
- Avenida Adhemar de Barros, where there are schools and the Santos-Dumont Park.
The Vila Ema district has the most interesting sites for nightlife including bars and restaurants.
Business, tourism and interesting sites
The city is an important business center that attracts thousands of visitors. Several fairs and expositions are done at the 2 pavilions located in the city.The occupancy rates of the hotels are high throughout the year. A diversity of hotels are offered including Accor
Accor
Accor is Europe's leading hotel group , part of the CAC 40 index , and operates in over 90 countries. Headquartered in Courcouronnes, Essonne, France, near Évry, France, the group owns, operates and franchises 4,229 hotels ranging from economy to luxury on five continents .Previously, the group...
Hotels (Ibis São José, Ibis Colinas, Mercury, Novotel
Novotel
Novotel is a mid-scale hotel brand within the Accor group. Novotel has close to 400 hotels and resorts in 60 countries, situated in the business districts and tourist destinations of major international cities.-History:...
and Space Valley Parthernon Flat), Caesar Business, Blue Tree Towers, Shelton Inn, Urupema, Carlton Plaza, Intervale Othon, Comfort Inn and Di Giulio.
The following sites attract visitors:
- Augusto Ruschi Biological ReserveAugusto Ruschi Biological ReserveAugusto Ruschi Biological Reserve is a biological reserve in Brazil....
- Banhado
- Burle Marx Municipal Park with the Olivo Gomes residence
- CTABrazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology (CTA)The Brazilian General-Command for Aerospace Technology is the national military research center for aviation and space flight of Brazil. It is subordinated to the Brazilian Air Force....
and MAB (Brazilian Aerospace Memorial) - EmbraerEmbraerEmbraer S.A. is a Brazilian aerospace conglomerate that produces commercial, military, and executive aircraft and provides aeronautical services....
- Espaço Mario CovasMário CovasMário Covas Júnior was a Brazilian politician.Covas studied engineering at the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo. He entered politics in his native city of Santos, in the state of São Paulo....
(former City Council seat) - INPENational Institute for Space ResearchThe National Institute for Space Research is a research unit of the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology, whose main goals are fostering scientific research and technological applications and qualifying personnel in the fields of space and atmospheric sciences, space engineering, and space...
- (National Institute for Space Research) - Old Cathedral
- Medieval Village
- Municipal Market
- Municipal Public Library (former Theatro São José)
- Nossa Senhora Aparecida Chapel
- São Francisco Xavier
- São Benedito Church
- Sanatorium Vicentina Aranha
- Santos Dumont Park (total area: 46.347 m²)
Heritage and culture
In 1985, the municipality established the Cassiano RicardoCassiano Ricardo
Cassiano Ricardo was a Brazilian journalist, literary critic, and poet.An exponent of the nationalistic tendencies of Brazilian modernism, he was associated with the Green-Yellow and Anta groups of the movement before launching the Flag group, a social-democratic reaction to these groups...
Cultural Foundation
Foundation (charity)
A foundation is a legal categorization of nonprofit organizations that will typically either donate funds and support to other organizations, or provide the source of funding for its own charitable purposes....
, named after the Brazilian poet
Poet
A poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
. It aims to promote and sponsor cultural activities and events, spreading and extending knowledge among the population. Furthermore, the public foundation stimulates creation and emerging of new artists in different sectors. The foundation was also charged with the preservation and expansion of the Municipal Public Archives and to provide support to the Municipal Historic Preservation
Historic preservation
Historic preservation is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance...
Council (COMPHAC).
Several cultural centers are maintained by the foundation including Cine Santana , Centro Cultural Clemente Gomes, Espaço Cultural Chico Triste, Helena Calil Arts Center and Espaço Cultural Mário Covas
The São José dos Campos Symphony Orchestra, fomented by Cassiano Ricardo Cultural Foundation, is an already respected orchestra
Orchestra
An orchestra is a sizable instrumental ensemble that contains sections of string, brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments. The term orchestra derives from the Greek ορχήστρα, the name for the area in front of an ancient Greek stage reserved for the Greek chorus...
in the country.
The city also houses important choirs (such as Libercanto, Vocalis, Vozes and ITA), with popular
Popularity
Popularity is the quality of being well-liked or common, or having a high social status. Popularity figures are an important part of many people's personal value systems and form a vital component of success in people-oriented fields such as management, politics, and entertainment, among...
and eclectic performances.
São José is an important center for dance
Dance
Dance is an art form that generally refers to movement of the body, usually rhythmic and to music, used as a form of expression, social interaction or presented in a spiritual or performance setting....
. It is the headquarters for several dance schools (Cristina Cará, Ana Araújo, Rosilene Sánchez, Damares Antelmo), that already have taken part in several international contests. Jazz, step dance, ballet, techno, aerobic, among other dance forms, are presented to the public in December every year at municipal competitions. The Cassiano Ricardo Foundation is also starting a dance company.
Popular parties are also important events. Perhaps the most distinguished is the so called Festa Junina
Festa Junina
Festa Junina , also known as festa de São João for their part in celebrating the nativity of St. John the Baptist, are the annual Brazilian celebrations historically related to European Midsummer that take place in the beginning of the Brazilian winter...
(Saint John's Festival). It is mainly celebrated on key days following the Catholic feast days of Saint Anthony
Anthony of Padua
Anthony of Padua or Anthony of Lisbon, O.F.M., was a Portuguese Catholic priest and friar of the Franciscan Order. Though he died in Padua, Italy, he was born to a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal, which is where he was raised...
, John the Baptist
John the Baptist
John the Baptist was an itinerant preacher and a major religious figure mentioned in the Canonical gospels. He is described in the Gospel of Luke as a relative of Jesus, who led a movement of baptism at the Jordan River...
and Saint Peter
Saint Peter
Saint Peter or Simon Peter was an early Christian leader, who is featured prominently in the New Testament Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. The son of John or of Jonah and from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee, his brother Andrew was also an apostle...
. It happens at different churches, schools and parks in June.
The Sports Museum was opened on July 30, 1999. In exhibition are trophies, medals, photos and newspapers about the history of sports of São José dos Campos since 1910.
City Anniversary Run - a 12 kilometer run taking place on the streets of the city center in the morning, with hundreds of athletes from the city and from the Vale do Paraíba region on July 27.
Relevant people
- Antoninho da Rocha Marmo
- Cassiano RicardoCassiano RicardoCassiano Ricardo was a Brazilian journalist, literary critic, and poet.An exponent of the nationalistic tendencies of Brazilian modernism, he was associated with the Green-Yellow and Anta groups of the movement before launching the Flag group, a social-democratic reaction to these groups...
- Euclides Bueno Miragaia
- Fabíola MolinaFabíola MolinaFabíola Pulga Molina is a butterfly and backstroke swimmer from Brazil, who competed at the 2000 and 2008 Olympics....
- Nelson D'Ávila
- Ozires SilvaOzires SilvaOzires Silva is the founder of Embraer and a famous Brazilian entrepreneur.Ozires graduated on Escola de Aeronáutica do Campo dos Afonsos as a military pilot...
- Rudolf Komorek
- Roque Júnior
- Rui Dória
Sister city
Kadoma, OsakaKadoma, Osaka
is a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 128,034 and the density of 10,430 persons per km². The total area is 12.28 km²....
A Japanese garden
Japanese garden
, that is, gardens in traditional Japanese style, can be found at private homes, in neighborhood or city parks, and at historical landmarks such as Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines and old castles....
is open for visits within the Santos-Dumont Park, celebrating the sister cities.
There is also cooperation with: Toulouse
Toulouse
Toulouse is a city in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern FranceIt lies on the banks of the River Garonne, 590 km away from Paris and half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
Entertainment, leisure and sports
Although São José is an industrial center, the city still preserves green areas and quiet town districts, which guarantees quality of life and leisure to the population. Around 62% of the area from the municipality is characterized as an environmental preservation area.On the oustskirts of the urban area, Augusto Ruschi Ecology Reserve has many local plant species. The natural reserve has 2500000 m² (2,989,975.1 sq yd), being a government protect area for the local flora
Flora
Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life. The corresponding term for animals is fauna.-Etymology:...
. São Francisco Xavier is a community the offers many of those attributes as well.
Furthermore, there is easy access to the mountain cities (Campos do Jordão , Santo Antônio do Pinhal) and to the beaches of the Northern Coast of São Paulo.
The city has three parks and several sport and country clubs.
Important clubs are Clube Luso Brasileiro, Tenis Clube São José
Tenis Clube São José
Tenis Clube São José is a major amateur sports center located in São José dos Campos. It hosted an important basketball team in 1970s and 1980s.-Information:*Foundation: April, 30 1948*President: Paulo Etsuo Sakuma...
(important center for amateur sports such as volleyball
Volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.The complete rules are extensive...
and basketball
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
), Associação Esportiva São José (including its country club
Country club
A country club is a private club, often with a closed membership, that typically offers a variety of recreational sports facilities and is located in city outskirts or rural areas. Activities may include, for example, any of golf, tennis, swimming or polo...
Clube Santa Rita, which has a golf course
Golf course
A golf course comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a teeing ground, fairway, rough and other hazards, and a green with a flagstick and cup, all designed for the game of golf. A standard round of golf consists of playing 18 holes, thus most golf courses have this number of holes...
) and Thermas do Vale.
Tenis Clube and Associação Esportiva São José have hosted the 35th Banana Bowl International Tennis Federation
International Tennis Federation
The International Tennis Federation is the governing body of world tennis, made up of 205 national tennis associations.It was established as the International Lawn Tennis Federation by 12 national associations meeting at a conference in Paris, France on 1 March 1913...
Juniors Circuit in 2005 and 2006.
A soccer stadium, called Estádio Martins Pereira
Estádio Martins Pereira
Estádio Municipal Dr. Mário Martins Pereira, usually known simply as Estádio Martins Pereira is a football stadium in São José dos Campos, São Paulo state, Brazil. The stadium holds 15,317 people. It was inaugurated in 1970...
, is the home ground of São José Esporte Clube
São José Esporte Clube
São José Esporte Clube, usually called São José, and nicknamed Eagle of the Valley , is the main football team in São José dos Campos. It was founded on August 13, 1933...
, a professional soccer team.
Important teams from the city:
| Club | Sport | Arena | Foundation of the Club | Logo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Associação Esportiva São José | Basketball Basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules... |
Ginásio Linneu de Moura | 1913 | |
| Associação Esportiva São José | Swimming Swimming (sport) Swimming is a sport governed by the Fédération Internationale de Natation .-History: Competitive swimming in Europe began around 1800 BCE, mostly in the form of the freestyle. In 1873 Steve Bowyer introduced the trudgen to Western swimming competitions, after copying the front crawl used by Native... |
Ginásio Linneu de Moura | 1913 | |
| São José Esporte Clube São José Esporte Clube São José Esporte Clube, usually called São José, and nicknamed Eagle of the Valley , is the main football team in São José dos Campos. It was founded on August 13, 1933... |
Football Football (soccer) Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball... |
Estádio Martins Pereira Estádio Martins Pereira Estádio Municipal Dr. Mário Martins Pereira, usually known simply as Estádio Martins Pereira is a football stadium in São José dos Campos, São Paulo state, Brazil. The stadium holds 15,317 people. It was inaugurated in 1970... |
1933 | |
| Tenis Clube São José Tenis Clube São José Tenis Clube São José is a major amateur sports center located in São José dos Campos. It hosted an important basketball team in 1970s and 1980s.-Information:*Foundation: April, 30 1948*President: Paulo Etsuo Sakuma... |
Basketball Basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules... |
Ginásio Municipal José Edvar Simões | 1948 | |
| Tenis Clube São José Tenis Clube São José Tenis Clube São José is a major amateur sports center located in São José dos Campos. It hosted an important basketball team in 1970s and 1980s.-Information:*Foundation: April, 30 1948*President: Paulo Etsuo Sakuma... |
Volleyball Volleyball Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.The complete rules are extensive... |
Ginásio Esportivo Manoel Bosco Ribeiro | 1948 | |
| São José Rugby Clube São José Rugby Clube São José Rugby Clube, founded in 1987, is one of the most important rugby teams in Brazil, holding several titles. It is based in São José dos Campos.-Rugby union titles:... |
Rugby union Rugby union Rugby union, often simply referred to as rugby, is a full contact team sport which originated in England in the early 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand... |
Estádio Martins Pereira Estádio Martins Pereira Estádio Municipal Dr. Mário Martins Pereira, usually known simply as Estádio Martins Pereira is a football stadium in São José dos Campos, São Paulo state, Brazil. The stadium holds 15,317 people. It was inaugurated in 1970... |
1987 | |
| Clube Atlético Joseense Clube Atlético Joseense Clube Atlético Paulista Joseense is a professional football team, based in São José dos Campos, São Paulo State, Brazil.In 2005, Joseense signed a four-year partnership with Grupo HR Sports. -Address:*Av. Dr... |
Football Football (soccer) Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball... |
Estádio Martins Pereira Estádio Martins Pereira Estádio Municipal Dr. Mário Martins Pereira, usually known simply as Estádio Martins Pereira is a football stadium in São José dos Campos, São Paulo state, Brazil. The stadium holds 15,317 people. It was inaugurated in 1970... / Estádio ADC Parahyba Estádio ADC Parahyba Estádio ADC Parahyba is a multi-use stadium located in São José dos Campos, Brazil. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Clube Atlético Joseense and Futebol Clube Primeira Camisa. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 2,500 people.-External links:*... |
1998 | |
| Scott-Marcondes Cesar-São José dos Campos Scott-Marcondes Cesar-São José dos Campos Team Scott-Marcondes Cesar-São José dos Campos was a Brazilian UCI Continental road bicycle racing team, based on São José dos Campos. The team was created in 1993 by José Carlos Monteiro, who is the general team manager since its foundation... |
Cycling Cycling Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, or for sport. Persons engaged in cycling are cyclists or bicyclists... |
n/a | 1993 | N/a |
| São José/Vale Sul Futsal | Indoor Soccer/Futsal | Tenis Clube São José Tenis Clube São José Tenis Clube São José is a major amateur sports center located in São José dos Campos. It hosted an important basketball team in 1970s and 1980s.-Information:*Foundation: April, 30 1948*President: Paulo Etsuo Sakuma... |
na | n/a |
| FC Primeira Camisa | Football Football (soccer) Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball... |
Estádio ADC Parahyba Estádio ADC Parahyba Estádio ADC Parahyba is a multi-use stadium located in São José dos Campos, Brazil. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Clube Atlético Joseense and Futebol Clube Primeira Camisa. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 2,500 people.-External links:*... |
2007 |
There are 19 movie
Film
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...
theaters and 2 theaters including one inside the Univap - University of Vale do Paraíba
University of Vale do Paraíba
University of Vale do Paraíba is a major university located in São José dos Campos in the state of São Paulo, Brazil....
.
Education and research centers
Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology (CTA)
The Brazilian General-Command for Aerospace Technology is the national military research center for aviation and space flight of Brazil. It is subordinated to the Brazilian Air Force....
has its facilities in the city. There are 53 secondary schools, 54 primary schools and 109 preschools.
Universities and colleges
- Faculdade INPG - INPG college campus in S.J dos Campos; Nationally ranked MBA School by Magazine Você S/A, Edition Nov/2010.
- IBTA - Instituto Brasileiro de Tecnologias Avançadas
- Unip - Universidade Paulista
- Unifesp - Federal University of São PauloFederal University of São PauloUNIFESP is a university in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is the best federal institution of higher education of Brazil, according to the Brazilian Ministry of Education ....
- Univap - University of Vale do ParaíbaUniversity of Vale do ParaíbaUniversity of Vale do Paraíba is a major university located in São José dos Campos in the state of São Paulo, Brazil....
- Faap - Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado
- Unesp -Universidade do Estado de São PauloUnespUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho is one of the six public universities of the Brazilian state of São Paulo, with USP, UFABC, UNIFESP, UFSCar and UNICAMP. It's a part of the state’s higher education system.UNESP has a combined student body of almost 40,000 spread among its 23...
- Fatec -Faculdade de Tecnologia de São José dos Campos
- ITA - Aeronautics Technological InstituteAeronautics Technological InstituteThe Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica or Aeronautical Institute of Technology is an institution of higher education and advanced research with emphasis in aerospace science and technology maintained by the Brazilian Federal Government with the support of the Brazilian Air Force. It is located...
- Instituto de Filosofia Santa Terezinha
- Faculdades de Ciências Aplicadas
- EEI - Escola de Engenharia Industrial de São José dos Campos
- Inea - National Advanced Instruction Institute
- FGV - Fundação Getulio Vargas - Conveniado Conexão Desenvolvimento Empresarial
Research centers
- INPE - The Brazilian National Institute for Space Research
- Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology (CTA)Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology (CTA)The Brazilian General-Command for Aerospace Technology is the national military research center for aviation and space flight of Brazil. It is subordinated to the Brazilian Air Force....
with its four institutes: Aeronautics and Space Institute (IAE), Institute for Advanced Studies (IEAv), Industrial Foment and Coordination Institute (IFI) and ITA
Technical schools
- ETEP - Escola Técnica Everardo Passos
- CETEX - Expoente Technical Center
Media
Radio- AM Radio
| Frequency (kHz) | Name | Format |
|---|---|---|
| 750 | Piratininga AM | country |
| 1120 | Bandeirantes | n/a |
- FM Radio
| Frequency (MHz) | Name | Format |
|---|---|---|
| 90.1 | RD 90 | country, pop music |
| 90.3 | Rádio Planeta | pop music, country, news |
| 94.3 | Jovem Pan | pop music, news |
| 97.5 | Nativa FM | country, news |
| 99.7 | Piratininga FM (Rede Aleluia Rede Aleluia The Rede Aleluia is 64 affiliated Brazilian radio stations network owned/rented by the UCKG in 22 of the 27 states, that cover 75% of the Brazilian territory mostly in southeastern region, and also there is a internet radio version on its site.-History:Rede Aleluia was created in 1995 with 19... ) |
gospel |
| 102.9 | Band Vale | news, classic rock, mpb |
| 103.9 | Stereo Vale | pop music, news |
| 105.9 | Logos FM | gospel |
Newspaper
Founded on January 2, 1952, ValeParaibano
ValeParaibano
ValeParaibano is a daily newspaper in the Brazilian city of São José dos Campos. It was founded on January 2, 1952. Its editions are focused on news and events in Vale do Paraiba, a region of São Paulo State....
is the most important daily newspaper in São José dos Campos. The reported circulation data were around 20,000 on weekdays and 30,000 on Sundays in 2002.
Television Stations
- 2 local televisionTelevisionTelevision is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
stations (Band Vale and TV Vanguarda)
Transportation and Communication
| Number of Vehicles | |
|---|---|
| 1996 | 138,540 |
| 1997 | 147,290 |
| 1998 | 161,154 |
| 1999 | 172,800 |
| 2000 | 185,560 |
| 2001 | 198,182 |
| 2002 | 207,367 |
| 2003 | 216,787 |
| 2004 | 225,386 |
| 2005 | 234,786 |
The city has 2 bus stations, having lines to cities in all regions of the country and international routes to Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
, Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
, Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
and Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
.
São José dos Campos boasts an extensive bus system. Operated by three companies (Expresso Maringa, Julio Simões and Viação Capital do Vale), these lines serve nearly all areas in the city with 319 buses. São José dos Campos also has an alternative system with minivans to supplement the regular buses.
The city uses a ring road
Ring road
A ring road, orbital motorway, beltway, circumferential highway, or loop highway is a road that encircles a town or city...
system, that interconnects it to important national and state highways:
- BR-116Brazilian Highway SystemThe Brazilian Highway System is the highway system of Brazil, the fourth largest in the World. As of 2010, the system consists of almost 2 million kilometers of roads, of which approximately 200,000 km are paved.As it is in the United States, Canada or most countries in Europe, larger/wider...
(federal highway), which crosses the urban area of São José. It runs in a north-south direction in the country, near but not on Brazil's coastline. The section that connects Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo is known as Presidente Dutra. It is widely used inside the urban area of São José dos Campos for commuting purposes;
- SP-070Rodovia Carvalho PintoRodovia Governador Carvalho Pinto is a highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.It is a continuation of the Rodovia Ayrton Senna , near the city of Guararema and ends by merging with Rodovia Presidente Dutra, which connects the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro; and Rodovia Floriano...
(state highway) also known as Rodovia Carvalho Pinto which connects São PauloSão PauloSão Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
to TaubatéTaubatéTaubaté is a city in the State of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. Its strategic geographical location, between the two most important Brazilian cities , being crossed by Presidente Dutra Highway which connects the two megacities, and between high, cold mountains and the Atlantic Ocean has...
;
- SP-065Rodovia Dom Pedro IRodovia Dom Pedro I is a highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.One of the best built and most scenic highways in the country, it interconnects the Anhangüera and the Presidente Dutra highways, serving the major cities of Campinas, Atibaia, Jacareí and São José dos Campos...
Connects Sao Jose dos CamposSão José dos CamposSão José dos Campos is a municipality and a major city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil and one of the most important industrial and research centers in Latin America. It is located in the Paraíba Valley, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country, São Paulo ...
to CampinasCampinasCampinas is a city and municipality located in the coastal interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. is the administrative center of the meso-region of the same name, with 3,783,597 inhabitants as of the 2010 Census, consisting of 49 cities....
- SP-099Rodovia dos TamoiosRodovia dos Tamoios is a highway in the Brazilian state of São Paulo.The highway is partly dual-lane, part single-lane, and runs from the city of São José dos Campos, located in the Paraíba River valley in the upper plateau of São Paulo down the Serra do Mar to the coastal lowlands of the city of...
(state highway) also known as Rodovia dos Tamoios which connects São José to the coastal lowlands of the city of CaraguatatubaCaraguatatubaCaraguatatuba, widely known by its abbreviation Caraguá, is a city in the eastern part of the southern state of São Paulo in Brazil. The name comes from the Tupi language and one of the words includes tuba meaning many. Caraguatatuba is the largest city of São Paulo north shore.The economy of the...
;
- SP-050 (state highway) - the old road which connects São José dos Campos to Campos do JordãoCampos do JordãoCampos do Jordão is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2003 was 47,903 and the area is 290.27 km². The elevation is 1,628 m....
and the southern region of Minas GeraisMinas GeraisMinas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...
.
The city is also served by a railway (the former Central do Brasil
Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil
The Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil was one of the principal railways of Brazil, uniting the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais.-Origins:...
), administered by MRS Logística
MRS Logística
MRS Logística S.A. is a freight rail company located in Brazil that operates of track. It is the concessionary company that operates the Southestearn Federal Railroad Network .-History:The operation started in 1996, combining the lines Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro-Belo Horizonte, São...
, which today only carries freight.
The ports of São Sebastião
São Sebastião
São Sebastião is Portuguese for "Saint Sebastian". It may also refer to:-Brazil:* São Sebastião, Alagoas* São Sebastião, São Paulo* Ilha de São Sebastião, São Paulo, alternate name of Ilhabela* São Sebastião do Alto, Rio de Janeiro...
and Santos
Santos (São Paulo)
-Sister cities: Shimonoseki, Japan Nagasaki, Japan Funchal, Portugal Trieste, Italy Coimbra, Portugal Ansião, Portugal Arouca, Portugal Ushuaia, Argentina Havana, Cuba Taizhou. China Ningbo. China Constanţa, Romania Ulsan, South Korea Colón, Panama* Cadiz, Spain...
can be reached by the highways SP-099, SP-155, and BR-101.The transportation of cargo to the domestic and foreign markets is made through both ports.
The São José dos Campos Airport (IATA: SJK, ICAO: SBSJ) has a heavy passenger flow, mainly business trips during weekdays, and it is an important connection between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. With a 3000 m (9,842.5 ft) runaway, the airport also serves people who come to visit the tourist city of Campos de Jordão. The airlines Azul Brazilian Airlines
Azul Brazilian Airlines
Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras S/A is a Brazilian domestic low-cost airline based in Barueri. It was established on 5 May 2008 by Brazilian-born David Neeleman, founder and former-CEO of JetBlue. The airline began service on December 15, 2008 and has ordered a fleet of 76 Embraer 195 jets...
and TRIP Linhas Aéreas
TRIP Linhas Aereas
TRIP Linhas Aéreas S/A is a domestic regional airline based in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.According to the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil in October 2011 Trip had 3.81% of the domestic market share in terms of passengers per kilometre flown.-History:The airline was established in 1998...
fly from São José dos Campos to several destinations and presently are the only commercial airlines operating on São José dos Campos.
It is also used for the transportation of cargo from the several industries located in the so-called Cone Leste Paulista ("São Paulo's East Cone"). Infraero
Infraero
Empresa Brasileira de Infraestrutura Aeroportuária, Infraero in short, is a Brazilian government corporation created in 1972 and responsible for operating the main Brazilian commercial airports. In 2009, Infraero's airports carried 128,135,616 passengers and 1,114,754 tons of cargo and operated...
and the Federal Revenue Agency are also introducing a new concept called airport-industry, that will offer fiscal incentives and fast importation and exportation procedures. The municipality has also a Customs Station for the Hinterland (dry port), controlled by the Federal Revenue Agency.
São José dos Campos receives natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, typically with 0–20% higher hydrocarbons . It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural...
from two gas pipelines
Pipeline transport
Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a pipe. Most commonly, liquids and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes that transport solid capsules using compressed air are also used....
, and large companies such as General Motors, Kodak, Monsanto and Embraer are among the main users. The city is the 3rd largest in the country referring to the distribution net of natural gas for residential use.
It has also a large network of fiber optics, with broadband
Broadband
The term broadband refers to a telecommunications signal or device of greater bandwidth, in some sense, than another standard or usual signal or device . Different criteria for "broad" have been applied in different contexts and at different times...
services covering 75% of the city. There is 1 telephone for each 3 inhabitants and a vast service network of cellular telephones.
Health and utilities
The city is also well known for the excellent quality of urban services: 96% of the residences have running waterRunning Water
Running Water may be:* Running Water, Tennessee, former name of Whiteside, Tennessee* Running Water, South Dakota, a community in Bon Homme County, South Dakota* "Running Water" from the 1983 album The Present...
and 89% are connected to the sewage system. Around 45% of the sewage and 97% of the water from the city are treated. Sabesp
Sabesp
Sabesp is a Brazilian state owned utility that provides water and sewage services to residential, commercial and industrial use in the São Paulo and in 364 of the 645 municipalities in São Paulo State, Brazil...
has been doing new investments. The city counts on a selective domestic waste collection
Waste collection
Waste collection is the component of waste management which results in the passage of a waste material from the source of production to either the point of treatment or final disposal...
, for recycling
Recycling
Recycling is processing used materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution and water pollution by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse...
.
In the health sector, São José dos Campos is the focal point of the Northern Coastline and Southern Minas Gerais regions. It has 18 hospitals, 15 emergency centers, 33 health attendance posts and 9 specialized clinics.
Overview
| Economic statistics | ||
|---|---|---|
| GDP | BRL 17.6 billion (2004) | |
| Value added Value added In economics, the difference between the sale price and the production cost of a product is the value added per unit. Summing value added per unit over all units sold is total value added. Total value added is equivalent to Revenue less Outside Purchases... |
BRL 14,795 million (2005) | |
| GDP per capita | BRL 29,950 (2004) | |
| Labour force | 267,332 (2003) (from 45% to 50% of pop.) | |
| Labour force by occupation | industry (19.4%), commerce (17.3%), services (50.9%), construction (2.2%), public sector (9.6%), other (0.5%) (2003) | |
| Main industries | aerospace Aerospace Aerospace comprises the atmosphere of Earth and surrounding space. Typically the term is used to refer to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through air and space... , defense Defense industry The defense industry, also called the military industry, comprises government and commercial industry involved in research, development, production, and service of military materiel, equipment and facilities... , automotive, chemical, pharmaceutical, telecommunications, components, consumer durables, oil Oil An oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and does not mix with water but may mix with other oils and organic solvents. This general definition includes vegetable oils, volatile essential oils, petrochemical oils, and synthetic oils.... and petrochemical Petrochemical Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as corn or sugar cane.... |
|
| Foreign commerce | ||
| Exports | BRL 4,947 million (2005) | |
| Imports | BRL 2,619 million (2005) | |
| Public finances | ||
| Municipal Budget | BRL 868 million (2005) | |
| Announced investments | $0.436 billion (2004) | |
| Social statistics | ||
| Human Development Index Human Development Index The Human Development Index is a composite statistic used to rank countries by level of "human development" and separate "very high human development", "high human development", "medium human development", and "low human development" countries... (UNDP) |
0.849 - high (2000) versus Brazilian HDI of 0.800 - high (2005) | |
| Literacy rate | 96.3% (2003) | |
Bisceted by the Federal Highway BR-116 Dutra, which links it to the main economical centers of the country, São José dos Campos is a city that continuously tries to develop its infrastructure and technology, improving the quality of life of its citizens and opening new opportunities for business. The presence of educational and research centers in the city was a major key for its fast economic development. It occupies the 9th position among the 100 best Brazilian cities for business, according to a study of the magazine Exame published in 2002. In another study, made by Cushman & Wakefield, an American company in the area of real estate business, São José dos Campos was appointed worldwide as one of the seven best cities with opportunities of investment in real estate
Real estate
In general use, esp. North American, 'real estate' is taken to mean "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; an item of real property; buildings or...
.
High and positive economy indicators show that this municipality has a great share in the state and in the country's economy.
In 2004, the municipality had the eleventh Gross Domestic Product on national terms and the third GDP within the State. It was the second exporter only to the city of São Paulo (revenues of USD 4.7 billion) in 2004.
Its estimated per capita income value, in nominal terms, was US$ 10,715 (far higher than the national average or even São Paulo's).
Discussions about how to diversify the activities in the city have been held. Around 66.6% of the local economy still comes from the manufacturing sector. Many economists, such as Roberto Koga, consider the city still heavily dependent on few sectors, especially the aerospace and defense industry.
Despite these arguments, the city was appoínted as the 3rd best employer among Brazilian non-capital cities by magazine Você S/A, published in July 2005
Agriculture
The municipality cultivates different crops: rice, tomato, potatoes, orange and many vegetables; cattle are raised for beef and milk supply. There are also farms for production of eggs and chicken.Industry
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling...
/petrochemical
Petrochemical
Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as corn or sugar cane....
and aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace comprises the atmosphere of Earth and surrounding space. Typically the term is used to refer to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through air and space...
. There are significant pharmaceutical, consumer durables, chemical, and telecommunication
Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distances to communicate. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded...
companies in the city.
It is also known as the "Brazilian aeronautics capital" because it is home of CTA and one of the biggest aircraft manufacturers in the world, Embraer
Embraer
Embraer S.A. is a Brazilian aerospace conglomerate that produces commercial, military, and executive aircraft and provides aeronautical services....
. It owes much of its economic success to Embraer's presence.
Service industry
Since the 1990s, the local economy has been evolving in a different direction. The manufacturing economy has been downsized or replaced by tertiaryTertiary sector of industry
The tertiary sector of the economy is one of the three economic sectors, the others being the secondary sector and the primary sector .The service sector consists of the "soft" parts of the economy, i.e...
and quaternary
Quaternary sector of industry
The quaternary sector of the economy is a way to describe a knowledge-based part of the economy which typically includes services such as information generation and sharing, information technology, consultation, education, research and development, financial planning, and other knowledge-based...
sectors of industries.
For instance, the Entrepreneurial District of Chacaras Reunidas concentrates companies of micro, small and medium size, which are mainly the result of downsizing from old large local industries. Yet even though most of these are industries, these companies provide service as well.
Two technological parks and five (one in project) business incubators have been created within universities or industrial facilities.
There are incubators with technological start-up companies installed at Univap and at Henrique Lage Refinery
Refinery
A refinery is a production facility composed of a group of chemical engineering unit processes and unit operations refining certain materials or converting raw material into products of value.-Types of refineries:Different types of refineries are as follows:...
of Petrobrás
Petrobras
Petróleo Brasileiro or Petrobras is a semi-public Brazilian multinational energy corporation headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the largest company in Latin America by market capitalization and revenue, and the largest company headquartered in the Southern Hemisphere by market...
. The CTA houses other incubator, Incubaero, specialized in the aeronautical field.
Univap features a technological park with capacity for around 40 small to medium sized innovating companies in the areas of materials, electronics
Electronics
Electronics is the branch of science, engineering and technology that deals with electrical circuits involving active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies...
and telecommunications, information technology
Information technology
Information technology is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications...
, aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace comprises the atmosphere of Earth and surrounding space. Typically the term is used to refer to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through air and space...
, energy
Energy
In physics, energy is an indirectly observed quantity. It is often understood as the ability a physical system has to do work on other physical systems...
, environment
Natural environment
The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species....
control, biotechnology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. Biotechnology also utilizes these products for manufacturing purpose...
, bioinformatics
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is the application of computer science and information technology to the field of biology and medicine. Bioinformatics deals with algorithms, databases and information systems, web technologies, artificial intelligence and soft computing, information and computation theory, software...
, chemical engineering
Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with physical science , and life sciences with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms...
, and software among others. A new technological park, managed by the municipality and the state government of São Paulo, will house two new think tanks: the Institute for Technological Research (IPT) and the ItecBio (Instituto de Tecnologias Biomédicas).
As a result of its geographical location, the city became an important distribution center, having several logistics
Logistics
Logistics is the management of the flow of goods between the point of origin and the point of destination in order to meet the requirements of customers or corporations. Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging, and...
providers. Activities like purchasing, transport, planning and warehousing have employed many people recently.
Commerce and real estate ventures have developed in the last years, reflecting the changes in the economy. For instance, the largest shopping mall in the region was an old manufacturing facility. Serving the region's population of approximately one million, the city is the regional hub for shopping and services for the Vale do Paraíba, the northern coast of São Paulo and southern Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...
.
The city has 34 hotels (1784 hotel rooms) and several auditoriums for meetings and conventions. There are 77 bank branches and 8 internet providers.
Advertising agencies have been established alongside television stations.
External links
Official website Page About São José dos Campos City Companies in Vale do Paraíba Portal São José dos Campos Cassiano Ricardo Cultural Foundation Hélio Augusto de Souza Foundation (FUNDHAS) Brazilian Aerospace Technical Center (CTA) Tourism Municipal Council (COMTUR) Cultural Agenda of São José dos CamposSources
- The City Hall of São José dos Campos.
- Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica - IBGEIBGEThe Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE , is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil...
- Fundação Seade
- Jornal ValeParaibanoValeParaibanoValeParaibano is a daily newspaper in the Brazilian city of São José dos Campos. It was founded on January 2, 1952. Its editions are focused on news and events in Vale do Paraiba, a region of São Paulo State....
- The State Government of São Paulo.