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Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
  or other hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. With relation to chemical terminology, aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes, alkanes, alkenes and alkyne-based compounds composed entirely of carbon or hydrogen are referred to as "pure" hydrocarbons, whereas other hydrocarbons with bonded com...
 origin. Although some of the chemical compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
s that originate from petroleum may also be derived from coal
Coal

Coal is a readily combustion black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure....
 and natural gas
Natural gas

Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills....
, petroleum is the major source. The largest petrochemical industries are to be found in the USA and Western Europe, though the major growth in new production capacity is in the Middle East and Asia. There is a substantial inter-regional trade in petrochemicals of all kinds.






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Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
  or other hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. With relation to chemical terminology, aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes, alkanes, alkenes and alkyne-based compounds composed entirely of carbon or hydrogen are referred to as "pure" hydrocarbons, whereas other hydrocarbons with bonded com...
 origin. Although some of the chemical compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
s that originate from petroleum may also be derived from coal
Coal

Coal is a readily combustion black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure....
 and natural gas
Natural gas

Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills....
, petroleum is the major source. The largest petrochemical industries are to be found in the USA and Western Europe, though the major growth in new production capacity is in the Middle East and Asia. There is a substantial inter-regional trade in petrochemicals of all kinds. World production of ethylene is around 110 million tons per year, of propylene 65 million tons, and of aromatic raw materials 70 million tons.

The following is a partial list of the major commercial petrochemicals and their derivatives:

  • ethylene
    Ethylene

    Ethylene is the chemical compound with the formula C2H4. It is the simplest alkene. Because it contains a carbon-carbon double bond, ethylene is called an unsaturated hydrocarbon or an olefin....
     - the simplest olefin; used as a ripening hormone, a monomer and a chemical feedstock
    • polyethylene
      Polyethylene

      Polyethylene or polythene is a thermoplastic commodity heavily used in consumer products . Over 60 million tons of the material are produced worldwide every year....
      s - polymerized
      Polymerization

      In polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks or polymer chains....
       ethylene
    • ethanol
      Ethanol

      Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatility , flammable, colorless liquid....
       - made by hydration
      Hydration

      Hydration may refer to:* Hydration reaction, a chemical addition reaction* Mineral hydration, an inorganic chemical reaction where water is added to the crystal structure of a mineral...
       (chemical reaction
      Chemical reaction

      A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of chemical substances. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants....
       adding water
      Water

      Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
      ) of ethylene
    • ethylene oxide
      Ethylene oxide

      Ethylene oxide is the organic compound with the chemical formula C2H4O. This colorless flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor is the simplest epoxide, a three-membered ring consisting of two carbon and one oxygen atom....
       - sometimes called oxirane; can be made by oxidation of ethylene
      • ethylene glycol
        Ethylene glycol

        Ethylene glycol is an alcohol with two -OH groups , a chemical compound widely used as an automobile antifreeze. In its pure form, it is an odorless, colorless, syrupy, sweet tasting, toxic liquid....
         - from hydration of ethylene oxide or oxidation of ethylene
        • engine coolant - contains ethylene glycol
          Ethylene glycol

          Ethylene glycol is an alcohol with two -OH groups , a chemical compound widely used as an automobile antifreeze. In its pure form, it is an odorless, colorless, syrupy, sweet tasting, toxic liquid....
        • polyester
          Polyester

          Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" as a specific material most commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate ....
          s - any of several polymers with ester linkages in the backbone chain
      • glycol ethers - from condensation of glycols
      • ethoxylates
    • vinyl acetate
      Vinyl acetate

      Vinyl acetate is an organic compound with the Chemical formula CH3COOCH=CH2. A colorless liquid with a pungent odor, it is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate , an important polymer in industry....
    • 1,2-dichloroethane
      1,2-Dichloroethane

      The chemical compound 1,2-dichloroethane, commonly known by its old name of ethylene dichloride , is a chlorinated hydrocarbon, mainly used to produce vinyl chloride monomer , the major wiktionary:Precursor for polyvinyl chloride production....
      • trichloroethylene
        Trichloroethylene

        The chemical compound trichloroethylene is a chlorine hydrocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent. It is a clear non-flammable liquid with a sweet smell....
      • tetrachloroethylene
        Tetrachloroethylene

        Tetrachloroethylene, also known under its systematic name tetrachloroethene and as perchloroethylene, perchloroethene, perc, and PCE, is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C=CCl2....
         - also called perchloroethylene; used as a dry cleaning solvent and degreaser
      • vinyl chloride
        Vinyl chloride

        Vinyl chloride is the organic compound with the formula CH2:CHCl. This colourless compound is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride ....
         - monomer for polyvinyl chloride
        Polyvinyl chloride

        Polyvinyl chloride, commonly abbreviated PVC, is the third most widely used thermoplastic polymer after polyethylene and polypropylene....
        • polyvinyl chloride
          Polyvinyl chloride

          Polyvinyl chloride, commonly abbreviated PVC, is the third most widely used thermoplastic polymer after polyethylene and polypropylene....
           (PVC) - type of plastic used for piping, tubing, other things
  • propylene
    Propylene

    Propene, also known as propylene, is an saturation organic chemistry having the chemical formula Carbon3Hydrogen6. It has one covalent bond, and is the second simplest member of the alkene class of hydrocarbons, and it is also second in natural abundance....
     - used as a monomer and a chemical feedstock
    • isopropyl alcohol
      Isopropyl alcohol

      Isopropyl alcohol is a common name for isopropanol, a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. It has the molecular formula C3H7OH and is the simplest example of a Alcohol#Primary.2C secondary.2C and tertiary alcohols, where the alcohol carbon is attached to two other carbons....
       - 2-propanol; often used as a solvent or rubbing alcohol
    • acrylonitrile
      Acrylonitrile

      Acrylonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula CH2CHCN. This pungent-smelling colorless liquid often appears yellow due to impurities....
       - useful as a monomer in forming Orlon, ABS
      Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

      Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene is a common thermoplastic used to make light, rigid, molded products such as piping , musical instruments , golf club heads , automotive body parts, wheel covers, enclosures, protective head gear, airsoft Airsoft gun and toys, including Lego bricks....
    • polypropylene
      Polypropylene

      Polypropylene or polypropene is a thermoplastic polymer, made by the chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications, including packaging, textiles , stationery, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer banknotes....
       - polymerized
      Polymerization

      In polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks or polymer chains....
       propylene
    • propylene oxide
      Propylene oxide

      Propylene oxide is a highly toxic flammable chemical compound. It is an epoxide having a molecular formula C3H6O. Other names include methyloxirane and 1,2-epoxypropane....
      • propylene glycol
        Propylene glycol

        Propylene glycol, known also by the systematic name propane-1,2-diol, is an organic compound , usually a faintly sweet, and colorless clear viscous liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform....
         - sometimes used in engine coolant
      • glycol ethers - from condensation of glycols
    • isomers of butylene
      Isomers of butylene

      Butene, also known as butylene, is an alkene with the formula Carbon4Hydrogen8. It is a colourless gas that is present in crude oil as a minor constituent in quantities that are too small for viable extraction....
       - useful as monomers or co-monomers
      • isobutylene - feed for making methyl tert-butyl ether
        Methyl tert-butyl ether

        Methyl tert-butyl ether, also known as methyl tertiary butyl ether and MTBE, is a chemical compound with molecular formula C5H12O....
         (MTBE) or monomer for copolymerization with a low percentage of isoprene
        Isoprene

        Isoprene is a common synonym for the chemical compound 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene. It is commonly used in industry, is an important biological material, and can be a harmful environmental pollutant and toxicant when present in excess quantities....
         to make butyl rubber
        Butyl rubber

        Butyl rubber—also known as polyisobutylene and PIB n is a synthetic rubber, a homopolymer of isobutylene. Polyisobutylene is produced by polymerization of about 98% of isobutylene with about 2% of isoprene....
    • 1,3-butadiene
      1,3-Butadiene

      1,3-Butadiene is a simple Conjugated system diene. It is an important industrial chemical used as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber....
       - a diene
      Diene

      Dienes or diolefins are hydrocarbons which contain two covalent bond. Dienes are intermediate between alkenes and polyenes....
       often used as a monomer or co-monomer for polymerization to elastomers such as polybutadiene
      Polybutadiene

      Polybutadiene is a synthetic rubber that is a polymer formed from the polymerization of the monomer 1,3-butadiene. It has a high resistance to wear and is used especially in the Tire manufacturing of tires....
       or a plastic such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)
      • synthetic rubber
        Synthetic rubber

        Synthetic rubber is any type of artificially made polymer material, which acts as an elastomer. An elastomer is a material with the mechanical property that it can undergo much more Elasticity deformation under stress, than most materials and still return to its previous size without permanent deformation....
        s - synthetic elastomers made of any one or more of several petrochemical (usually) monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, styrene, isobutylene, isoprene, chloroprene; elastomeric polymers are often made with a high percentage of conjugated diene monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, or chloroprene
    • higher olefins
      • polyolefin
        Polyolefin

        A polyolefin is a polymer produced from a simple olefin as a monomer. For example, polyethylene is the polyolefin produced by polymerizing the olefin ethylene....
        s such poly-alpha-olefins which are used as lubricants
      • alpha-olefin
        Alpha-olefin

        Alpha-olefins are a family of organic compounds which are olefins or alkenes with a chemical formula CarbonxHydrogen2x, distinguished by having a double bond at the primary or alpha position....
        s - used as monomers, co-monomers, and other chemical precursors. For example, a small amount of 1-hexene can be copolymerized with ethylene into a more flexible form of polyethylene.
      • other higher olefins
      • detergent alcohols
    • acrylic acid
      Acrylic acid

      Acrylic acid or prop-2-enoic acid is a chemical compound and it is the simplest unsaturated compound carboxylic acid with a vinyl group at the alpha carbon position and a carboxylic acid terminus....
      • acrylic polymers
    • allyl chloride
      Allyl chloride

      Allyl chloride is the organic compound with the chemical formula CarbonHydrogen2=CHCH2Chlorine. This colorless liquid is soluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents....
       -
      • epichlorohydrin
        Epichlorohydrin

        Epichlorohydrin is an organochlorine compound and an epoxide. This a colorless liquid with a pungent, garlic-like odor is insoluble in water, but miscibility with most polar organic solvents....
         - chloro-oxirane; used in epoxy resin formation
        • epoxy resins - a type of polymerizing glue from bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin, and some amine
          Amine

          Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a base nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivative s of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups....


  • benzene
    Benzene

    Benzene, or benzol, is an organic compound chemical compound and a known carcinogen with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen6....
     - the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon
    • ethylbenzene
      Ethylbenzene

      Ethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2CH3. This aromatic hydrocarbon is important in the petrochemical industry as an intermediate in the production of styrene, which in turn is used for making polystyrene, a commonly used plastic material....
       - made from benzene and ethylene
      • styrene
        Styrene

        Styrene, also known as vinyl benzene as well as many other names , is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH=CH2....
         made by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene; used as a monomer
        • polystyrene
          Polystyrene

          Polystyrene , sometimes abbreviated PS, is an Aromaticity polymer made from the aromatic monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry....
          s - polymers with styrene as a monomer
    • cumene
      Cumene

      Cumene is the common name for isopropylbenzene, an organic compound that is an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is a constituent of crude oil and refined fuels....
       - isopropylbenzene; a feedstock in the cumene process
      Cumene process

      Cumene process is an industrial process for developing phenol and acetone from benzene and propylene. The term stems from cumene , the intermediate material during the process....
      • phenol
        Phenol

        Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is a toxic, white crystalline solid with a sweet tarry odor, commonly referred to as a "hospital smell"....
         - hydroxybenzene; often made by the cumene process
      • acetone
        Acetone

        Acetone is the organic compound with the chemical formula OC2. This colorless, mobile, flammable liquid is the simplest example of the ketones....
         - dimethyl ketone; also often made by the cumene process
      • bisphenol A
        Bisphenol A

        Bisphenol A, commonly abbreviated as BPA, is an organic compound with two phenol functional groups. It is a difunctional building block of several important plastics and plastic additives....
         - a type of "double" phenol used in polymerization in epoxy resins and making a common type of polycarbonate
        • epoxy resins - a type of polymerizing glue from bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin, and some amine
          Amine

          Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a base nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivative s of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups....
        • polycarbonate
          Polycarbonate

          Polycarbonates are a particular group of thermoplastic polymers. They are easily worked, injection moulding, and thermoforming; as such, these plastics are very widely used in the modern chemical industry....
           - a plastic polymer made from bisphenol A and phosgene
          Phosgene

          Phosgene is the chemical compound with the chemical formula COCl2. This colorless gas gained infamy as a chemical weapon during World War I, but it is also a valued industrial reagent and building block in organic synthesis....
           (carbonyl dichloride)
      • solvents - liquids used for dissolving materials; examples often made from petrochemicals include ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, benzene, toluene, xylenes
    • cyclohexane
      Cyclohexane

      Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen12. Cyclohexane is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which are intermediates used in the production of nylon....
       - a 6-carbon aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon sometimes used as a non-polar solvent
      • adipic acid
        Adipic acid

        Adipic acid is the organic compound with the chemical formula 42. From the industrial perspective, it is the most important dicarboxylic acid: About 2.5 billion kilograms of this white crystalline powder are produced annually, mainly as a precursor for the production of nylon....
         - a 6-carbon dicarboxylic acid
        Carboxylic acid

        Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the Chemical formula -COH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H....
         which can be a precursor used as a co-monomer together with a diamine
        Amine

        Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a base nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivative s of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups....
         to form an alternating copolymer form of nylon.
        • nylon
          Nylon

          Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers known generically as polyamides and first produced on February 28, 1935 by Wallace Carothers at DuPont....
          s - types of polyamide
          Polyamide

          A polyamide is a polymer containing monomers of amides joined by peptide bonds. They can occur both naturally, examples being proteins, such as wool and silk, and can be made artificially, examples being nylons, aramids, and sodium poly....
          s, some are alternating copolymers formed from copolymerizing dicarboxylic acid or derivatives with diamines
      • caprolactam
        Caprolactam

        Caprolactam is an organic compound which is a lactam of 6-aminohexanoic acid . It can alternatively be considered cyclic amide of caproic acid....
         - a 6-carbon cyclic amide
        Amide

        In chemistry, an amide is one of three kinds of compounds:* the organic chemistry functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to a nitrogen atom , or a compound that contains this functional group ; or...
        • nylons - types of polyamide
          Polyamide

          A polyamide is a polymer containing monomers of amides joined by peptide bonds. They can occur both naturally, examples being proteins, such as wool and silk, and can be made artificially, examples being nylons, aramids, and sodium poly....
          s, some are from polymerizing caprolactam
    • nitrobenzene
      Nitrobenzene

      Nitrobenzene, also known as nitrobenzol or oil of mirbane, is an organic compound with the chemical formula Carbon6Hydrogen5NitrogenOxygen2....
       - can be made by single nitration of benzene
      • aniline
        Aniline

        Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an organic compound with the Chemical formula C6H7N. It is the simplest and one of the most important aromatic amines, being used as a precursor to more complex chemicals....
         - aminobenzene
        • methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
          Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate

          Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, most often abbreviated as MDI, is an aromaticity isocyanate. It exists in three isomers, 2,2'-MDI, 2,4'-MDI, and 4,4'-MDI....
           (MDI) - used as a co-monomer with diol
          Diol

          A diol or glycol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups Vicinal diols have hydroxyl groups attached to adjacent atoms. Examples of vicinal diol compounds are ethylene glycol and propylene glycol....
          s or polyols to form polyurethanes or with di- or polyamine
          Amine

          Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a base nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivative s of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups....
          s to form polyurea
          Polyurea

          Polyurea is a type elastomer that is derived from the reaction product of an isocyanate component and a synthetic resin blend component. The isocyanate can be aromatic or aliphatic in nature....
          s
          • polyurethane
            Polyurethane

            A polyurethane, commonly abbreviated PU, is any polymer consisting of a chain of organic chemistry units joined by carbamate links. Polyurethane polymers are formed by reacting a monomer containing at least two isocyanate functional groups with another monomer containing at least two alcohol groups in the presence of a catalyst....
            s
    • alkylbenzene - a general type of aromatic hydrocarbon which can be used as a presursor for a sulfonate
      Sulfonate

      A sulfonate is a Salt_ or ester of a sulfonic acid. It contains the functional group R-SO2O-....
       surfactant
      Surfactant

      Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the interfacial tension between two liquids....
       (detergent)
      • detergent
        Detergent

        A detergent is a material intended to assist cleaning. The term is sometimes used to differentiate between soap and other surfactants used for cleaning....
        s - often include surfactant
        Surfactant

        Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the interfacial tension between two liquids....
        s types such as alkylbenzenesulfonates and nonylphenol ethoxylates
    • chlorobenzene
      Chlorobenzene

      Chlorobenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5Cl. This a colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent and a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals....
  • toluene
    Toluene

    Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane, is a clear, Water -insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, redolent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene....
     - methylbenzene; can be a solvent or precursor for other chemicals
    • benzene
      Benzene

      Benzene, or benzol, is an organic compound chemical compound and a known carcinogen with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen6....
    • toluene diisocyanate
      Toluene diisocyanate

      Toluene diisocyanate is an Aromaticity isocyanate. It is produced for reaction with polyols to form polyurethanes. It exists in two isomers, 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI ....
       (TDI) - used as co-monomers with diol
      Diol

      A diol or glycol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups Vicinal diols have hydroxyl groups attached to adjacent atoms. Examples of vicinal diol compounds are ethylene glycol and propylene glycol....
      s or polyols to form polyurethanes or with di- or polyamine
      Amine

      Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a base nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivative s of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups....
      s to form polyurea
      Polyurea

      Polyurea is a type elastomer that is derived from the reaction product of an isocyanate component and a synthetic resin blend component. The isocyanate can be aromatic or aliphatic in nature....
      s
      • polyurethane
        Polyurethane

        A polyurethane, commonly abbreviated PU, is any polymer consisting of a chain of organic chemistry units joined by carbamate links. Polyurethane polymers are formed by reacting a monomer containing at least two isocyanate functional groups with another monomer containing at least two alcohol groups in the presence of a catalyst....
        s - a polymer formed from diisocyanates and diols or polyols
    • benzoic acid
      Benzoic acid

      Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 , is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time the only source for benzoic acid....
       - carboxybenzene
      • caprolactam
        Caprolactam

        Caprolactam is an organic compound which is a lactam of 6-aminohexanoic acid . It can alternatively be considered cyclic amide of caproic acid....
        • nylon
          Nylon

          Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers known generically as polyamides and first produced on February 28, 1935 by Wallace Carothers at DuPont....
  • mixed xylenes
    Xylene

    The term xylene or xylol refers to a mixture of three aromatic hydrocarbon isomers which is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries....
     - any of three dimethylbenzene isomers, could be a solvent but more often precursor chemicals
    • ortho-xylene
      Xylene

      The term xylene or xylol refers to a mixture of three aromatic hydrocarbon isomers which is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries....
       - both methyl group
      Methyl group

      In chemistry, a methyl group is a hydrophobic alkyl functional group named after methane . It has the chemical formula -3 and is often abbreviated -Me....
      s can be oxidized to form (ortho-)phthalic acid
      • phthalic anhydride
        Phthalic anhydride

        Phthalic anhydride is the organic compound with the chemical formula C6H42O. This anhydride of phthalic acid, a colourless solid, is an important industrial chemical, especially for the large-scale production of plasticizers for plastics....
    • para-xylene
      Xylene

      The term xylene or xylol refers to a mixture of three aromatic hydrocarbon isomers which is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries....
       - both methyl groups can be oxidized to form terephthalic acid
      • dimethyl terephthalate
        Dimethyl terephthalate

        Dimethyl terephthalate is an ester of terephthalic acid and methanol and is used in the production of polyesters, including polyethylene terephthalate and polytrimethylene terephthalate....
         - can be copolymerized to form certain polyesters
        • polyester
          Polyester

          Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" as a specific material most commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate ....
          s - although there can be many types, polyethylene terephthalate
          Polyethylene terephthalate

          Polyethylene tephthalate , commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P), is a thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in synthetic fibers; beverage, food and other liquid Packaging; thermoforming applications; and engineering resins often in combination with glass fiber....
           is made from petrochemical products and is very widely used.
      • purified terephthalic acid
        Terephthalic acid

        Terephthalic acid is the organic compound and one of three isomeric phthalic acids, all with chemical formula C6H42....
         - often copolymerized to form polyethylene terephthalate
        Polyethylene terephthalate

        Polyethylene tephthalate , commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P), is a thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in synthetic fibers; beverage, food and other liquid Packaging; thermoforming applications; and engineering resins often in combination with glass fiber....
        • polyester
          Polyester

          Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" as a specific material most commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate ....
          s


See also

  • Petroleum
    Petroleum

    Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
  • Petroleum product
    Petroleum product

    Petroleum products are useful materials derived from crude oil as it is processed in oil refineries.According to crude oil composition and demand, refineries can produce different shares of petroleum products....
    s
  • Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries


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