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The Lok Sabha (also titled, the House of the People, by the Constitution
Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties, of the government and spells out the fundamental rights, Directive Principles in India and duties of citizens....
) is the directly elected
Direct election

Direct election is a term describing a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person, persons or political party that they desire to see elected....
 lower house
Lower house

A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.Despite its theoretical position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide the lower house has come to wield more power....
 of the Parliament of India
Parliament of India

The Parliament of India is the Federal government and supreme legislative body of India. It consists of the office of President of India and two houses, the lower house, known as the Lok Sabha and the upper house, known as the Rajya Sabha.....
. As of 2008 there have been fourteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India. The Constitution limits the Lok Sabha to a maximum of 552 members, including no more than 20 members representing people from the Union Territories, and two members to represent the Anglo-Indian
Anglo-Indian

Anglo-Indians are people who have Multiracial Demographics of India and British people ancestry and the term is sometimes used in the Western world....
 community (if the President feels that that community is not adequately represented).

Each Lok Sabha is formed for a five year term, after which it is automatically dissolved, unless extended by a Proclamation of Emergency
State of Emergency in India

A state of emergency in India refers to a period of governance under an altered constitutional setup that can be proclaimed by the President of India, when he perceives grave threats to the nation from internal and external sources or from financial situations of crisis....
 which may extend the term in one-year increments.






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The Lok Sabha (also titled, the House of the People, by the Constitution
Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties, of the government and spells out the fundamental rights, Directive Principles in India and duties of citizens....
) is the directly elected
Direct election

Direct election is a term describing a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person, persons or political party that they desire to see elected....
 lower house
Lower house

A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.Despite its theoretical position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide the lower house has come to wield more power....
 of the Parliament of India
Parliament of India

The Parliament of India is the Federal government and supreme legislative body of India. It consists of the office of President of India and two houses, the lower house, known as the Lok Sabha and the upper house, known as the Rajya Sabha.....
. As of 2008 there have been fourteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India. The Constitution limits the Lok Sabha to a maximum of 552 members, including no more than 20 members representing people from the Union Territories, and two members to represent the Anglo-Indian
Anglo-Indian

Anglo-Indians are people who have Multiracial Demographics of India and British people ancestry and the term is sometimes used in the Western world....
 community (if the President feels that that community is not adequately represented).

Each Lok Sabha is formed for a five year term, after which it is automatically dissolved, unless extended by a Proclamation of Emergency
State of Emergency in India

A state of emergency in India refers to a period of governance under an altered constitutional setup that can be proclaimed by the President of India, when he perceives grave threats to the nation from internal and external sources or from financial situations of crisis....
 which may extend the term in one-year increments. The 14th Lok Sabha
14th Lok Sabha

The 14th Lok Sabha was convened after the Indian general election, 2004 held in four phases during 20 April - 10 May 2004. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 was formed in May 2004 and will be in place till the next General Elections being scheduled for April or May 2009..

An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' boundaries has been carried out by the Delimitation Commission based on the Indian census
Demographics of India

This article is about the demographics features of the population of India, including population density, Ethnic group, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population....
 of 2001. This exercise, which was supposed to be carried out after every census, was suspended in 1976 following a constitutional amendment
Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties, of the government and spells out the fundamental rights, Directive Principles in India and duties of citizens....
 to avoid adverse effects of the family planning program which was being implemented.

Membership qualifications

Membership of the Lok Sabha requires that the person must be a citizen of India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
, aged 25 or over, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt and has no criminal procedure
Criminal procedure

'Criminal procedure' refers to the legal process for adjudication claims that someone has violated criminal law....
s against him/her. For reserved seats one should be member of the scheduled castes and/or tribes.

Sessions and working hours

On normal business days, the Lok Sabha assembles from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and again from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. The first hour of every sitting is called the Question Hour
Question Hour

Question Hour is the first hour in India's Lok Sabha devoted to questions. During this hour members can raise questions about any aspect of public administration activity....
, during which questions posed by members may be assigned to specific government ministries
Government of India

The Government of India , officially referred to as the Union Government, and also as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of States and territories of India, collectively called the Republic of India....
, to be answered at a fixed date in the future.

The Lok Sabha shares legislative power with the Rajya Sabha
Rajya Sabha

The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Membership is limited to 250 members, 12 of whom are chosen by the President of India for their expertise in specific fields of art, literature, science, and social services....
, except in the area of Money Bill
Money bill

In the Westminster system , a money bill or supply bill is a bill that solely concerns taxation or government spending , as opposed to changes in public law....
s, in which case the Lok Sabha has the ultimate authority. If conflicting legislation
Legislation

Legislation is law which has been promulgation by a legislature or other governing body. The term may refer to a single law, or the collective body of enacted law, while "statute" is also used to refer to a single law....
 is enacted by the two Houses, a joint sitting is held to resolve the differences. In such a session, the members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail, since the Lok Sabha includes more than twice as many members as the Rajya Sabha
Rajya Sabha

The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Membership is limited to 250 members, 12 of whom are chosen by the President of India for their expertise in specific fields of art, literature, science, and social services....
.

Three sessions of Lok Sabha take place in a year:
  • Budget Session: February to May.
  • Monsoon Session: July to September.
  • Winter Session: November to December.


Powers, including the Special powers of the Lok Sabha

The special powers of the Lok Sabha is the reason why the Lok Sabha is de facto
De facto

De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning the fact" or in practice but not necessarily ordained by law. It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or technique that are found in the common experience as created or developed without or contrary to a regulation....
 and de jure
De jure

De jure is an expression that means "concerning law", as contrasted with de facto, which means "concerning fact".The terms de jure and de facto are used instead of "in principle" and "in practice", respectively, when one is describing politics or legal situations....
 more powerful than the Rajya Sabha
Rajya Sabha

The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Membership is limited to 250 members, 12 of whom are chosen by the President of India for their expertise in specific fields of art, literature, science, and social services....
.

  • Motions of no confidence
    Motion of no confidence

    A motion of no confidence is a parliamentary motion traditionally put before a parliament by the parliamentary opposition in the hope of defeating or weakening a Executive , or, rarely by an erstwhile supporter who has lost confidence in the government....
     against the government
    Government of India

    The Government of India , officially referred to as the Union Government, and also as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of States and territories of India, collectively called the Republic of India....
     can only be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. If passed by a majority vote, the Prime Minister
    Prime Minister of India

    The Prime Minister of India is the head of government of the India, and head of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of India, appointed by the President of India to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the Executive in India....
     and the Council of Ministers resigns collectively. The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion, and hence no real power over the executive. However, the Prime Minister may threaten the dissolution of the Lok Sabha and recommend this to the President, forcing an untimely general election. The President normally accepts this recommendation unless otherwise convinced that the Lok Sabha might recommend a new Prime Minister by a majority vote. Thus, both the executive and the legislature in India have checks and balances over each other.


  • Money bill
    Money bill

    In the Westminster system , a money bill or supply bill is a bill that solely concerns taxation or government spending , as opposed to changes in public law....
    s can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, and upon being passed, are sent to the Rajya Sabha, where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days. If not rejected by the Rajya Sabha, or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House, or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha, the bill is considered passed. The budget
    Economy of India

    The economy of India is the twelfth largest in the world by market exchange rates and the fourth largest in the world by GDP, measured on a List of countries by GDP basis....
     is presented in the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister
    Finance Minister of India

    The Finance Minister of India is a Cabinet position in the Government of India. He drafts the union budget of India of the country, and is in charge of the national economy....
     in the name of the President of India
    President of India

    The President of India or Rashtrapati is the head of state and first citizen of India, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Military of India....
    .


  • In matters pertaining to non-financial (ordinary) bills, after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), it is sent to the other house, where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months. If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House, or the House that originally tabled the bill does not accept the recommendations made by the members of the other house, it results in a deadlock. This is resolved by a joint session of both Houses, presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a simple majority
    Simple majority

    Simple majority may refer to:In American and Canadian usage:* Majority, a voting requirement of more than 50% of all ballots castUsage elsewhere:...
    . The will of the Lok Sabha normally prevails in these matters, as its strength is more than double that of the Rajya Sabha.


  • Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any Bill for Constitutional Amendment (by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting).


  • Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the President (by two-thirds of the membership of the House).


  • Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts (by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting).


  • Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency (by two-thirds majority) or constitutional emergency (by simple majority) in a state.


  • If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency
    State of Emergency in India

    A state of emergency in India refers to a period of governance under an altered constitutional setup that can be proclaimed by the President of India, when he perceives grave threats to the nation from internal and external sources or from financial situations of crisis....
    , the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole de facto
    De facto

    De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning the fact" or in practice but not necessarily ordained by law. It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or technique that are found in the common experience as created or developed without or contrary to a regulation....
     and de jure
    De jure

    De jure is an expression that means "concerning law", as contrasted with de facto, which means "concerning fact".The terms de jure and de facto are used instead of "in principle" and "in practice", respectively, when one is describing politics or legal situations....
     Parliament. It cannot be dissolved. This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha.


Composition by states and territories

SubdivisionTypeNo. of constituencies
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands

The Andaman & Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India.Informally, the territory's name is often abbreviated to A & N Islands, or ANI....
Union Territory1
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh , abbreviated A.P.,is a state situated on eastern coast of India. It is India's List of states of India by area and List of states of India by population....
State42
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh

'Arunachal Pradesh' is the easternmost States and territories of India of India. Arunachal Pradesh borders with the state of Assam to the south and Nagaland to the southeast....
State2
Assam
Assam

Assam ) is a North-East India state of India with its capital at Dispur, in the outskirts of the city Guwahati. Located south of the eastern Himalayas, Assam comprises the Brahmaputra and the Barak River river valleys and the Karbi Anglong District and the North Cachar Hills with an area of 30,285 square miles ....
State14
Bihar
Bihar

Bihar is a States and territories of India in East India. Bihar is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size 38,202 square mile and 3rd largest by population....
State40
Chandigarh
Chandigarh

Chandigarh , also called The Beautiful City, is a city in India that serves as the Capital of two states and territories of India, Punjab, India and Haryana, and is a union territory of India....
Union Territory1
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh , a States and territories of India in central India, formed when the sixteen Chhattisgarhi-speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh gained statehood on November 1, 2000....
State11
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Dadra and Nagar Haveli Dadra and Nagar Haveli are in the watershed of the Daman Ganga River, which flows through the territory. The towns of Dadra and Silvassa both lie on the north bank of the river....
Union Territory1
Daman and Diu
Daman and Diu

Daman and Diu is a union territory in India.For over 450 years, these coastal enclaves on the Arabian Sea coast were part of Portuguese India, along with Goa and Dadra and Nagar Haveli....
Union Territory1
Delhi
Delhi

Delhi , sometimes referred to as Dilli , is the List of most populous cities in India metropolis in India and, with over 11 million residents, the List of metropolitan areas by population....
Union Territory7
Goa
Goa

Goa is India's smallest states and territories of India in terms of area and the List of states and territories of India by population. Located on the west coast of India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western...
State2
Gujarat
Gujarat

Gujarat is a States and territories of India in western India. Gujarat borders Pakistan to the north west and the state of Rajasthan to the north and northeast, Madhya Pradesh to the east, Maharashtra and the Union territory of Diu, Daman District, India, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the south....
State26
Haryana
Haryana

Haryana is a States and territories of India in the Punjab region of northern India. It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south....
State10
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh is a state in the Punjab region in north-west India. Himachal Pradesh is spread over 21,629 square mile , and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on north, Punjab on west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on south, Uttarakhand on south-east and by Tibet on the east....
State4
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir is the northernmost States and territories of India of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayas mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the People's Republic of China to the northeast, the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and Pakistani-administered territories of Kashmir, namely Azad Kashm...
State6
Jharkhand
Jharkhand

Jharkhand is a States and territories of India in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar state on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east....
State14
Karnataka
Karnataka

Karnataka is a States and territories of India in the southern part of India. It was Unification of Karnataka on November 1, 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act....
State28
Kerala
Kerala

Kerala is a Indian Union States and territories of India located in the southwestern part of India. With an Arabian Sea coastline on the west, it is bordered on the north by Karnataka and by Tamil Nadu on the south and east....
State20
Lakshadweep
Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep , , []), the smallest union territory of India, is a group of islands 200 to 300 km off of the coast of Kerala in the Arabian Sea....
Union Territory1
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a States and territories of India in central India. Its capital is Bhopal. Madhya Pradesh was originally the largest state in India until November 1, 2000 when the state of Chhattisgarh was carved out....
State29
Maharashtra
Maharashtra

Maharashtra is a States and territories of India located on the western coast of India. Maharashtra is a part of Western India. It is India's List of states of India by area and List of states of India by population....
State48
Manipur
Manipur

Manipur is a States and territories of India in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west; it also borders Myanmar to the east....
State2
Meghalaya
Meghalaya

Meghalaya is a small States of India in north-eastern India. The word "Meghalaya" literally means "The Abode of Clouds" in Sanskrit and other Indic languages....
State2
Mizoram
Mizoram

Mizoram is one of the Seven Sister States in North-East India India. It shares land borders with the states of Tripura, Assam, Manipur, Bangladesh and the Chin State state of Burma....
State1
Nagaland
Nagaland

Nagaland is a hill States and territories of India located in the far North-East India part of India. It borders the state of Assam to the west, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Assam to the north, Burma to the east and Manipur to the south....
State1
Orissa
Orissa

Orissa , is a states and territories of India located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It was established on 1 April 1936 as a province in British India, and consists, predominantly of Oriya language speakers....
State21
PondicherryUnion Territory1
Punjab
Punjab (India)

Punjab is a States and territories of India in northwest India. The Indian state borders the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west, Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, Chandigarh to the southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest....
State13
Rajasthan
Rajasthan

Rajasthan is the largest States and territories of India of the Republic of India in terms of area. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan....
State25
Sikkim
Sikkim

Sikkim is a landlocked States and territories of India nestled in the Himalayas. It is the least populous state in India, and the second-smallest in area after Goa....
State1
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 States and territories of India of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai . Tamil Nadu lies in the southern most part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by Puducherry , Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh....
State39
Tripura
Tripura

is a States and territories of India in North-East India, with an area of 4,036 square mile or 10,453 km?. Tripura is surrounded by Bangladesh on the north, south, and west....
State2
UttaranchalState5
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh , [often referred to as U.P.] is a States and territories of India located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 190 million people,...
State80
West Bengal
West Bengal

West Bengal is a States and territories of India in eastern India. With Bangladesh, which lies on its eastern border, the state forms the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal....
State42


Lok Sabha and General Election

Lok Sabha is constituted after the General Election as follows

SN Lok SabhaGeneral Election
1 1st Lok Sabha
1st Lok Sabha

Membership of the First Lok Sabha References...
 		 Indian general election, 1951
2 2nd Lok Sabha
2nd Lok Sabha

Membership of the Second Lok Sabha ...
 		 Indian general election, 1957
3 3rd Lok Sabha
3rd Lok Sabha

List of Members of the 3rd Lok Sabha, Indian general election, 1962. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 1962
4 4th Lok Sabha
4th Lok Sabha

List of Members of the 4th Lok Sabha, Indian general election, 1967. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 1967
5 5th Lok Sabha
5th Lok Sabha

List of Members of the 5th Lok Sabha, Indian general election, 1971. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 1971
6 6th Lok Sabha
6th Lok Sabha

List of Members of the 6th Lok Sabha, Indian general election, 1977. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 1977
7 7th Lok Sabha
7th Lok Sabha

List of Members of the 7th Lok Sabha, Indian general election, 1980. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 1980
8 8th Lok Sabha
8th Lok Sabha

List of Members of the 8th Lok Sabha, Indian general election, 1984. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 1984
Indian general election, 1984

General elections were held in India in 1984 soon after the assassination of previous Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, though the vote in Assam and Punjab was delayed until 1985 due to ongoing fighting....
9 9th Lok Sabha
9th Lok Sabha

List of Members of the 9th Lok Sabha, Indian general election, 1989. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 1989
10 10th Lok Sabha
10th Lok Sabha

List of Members of the 10th Lok Sabha, elected during Indian general election, 1991 held during May-June 1991. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 1991
11 11th Lok Sabha
11th Lok Sabha

List of Members of the 11th Lok Sabha, elected during Indian general election, 1996 held during April-May 1996. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 1996
Indian general election, 1996

General elections were held in India in 1996 to elect the members of the 11th Lok Sabha. The result of the election was a hung parliament, which would see three Prime Minister in two years and force the country back to the polls in 1998....
12 12th Lok Sabha
12th Lok Sabha

List of Members of the 12th Lok Sabha, after Indian general election, 1998 held during February-March 1998. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 1998
Indian general election, 1998

General elections were held in India in 1998,after the government elected in 1996 collapsed and the 12th Lok Sabha was convened . The outcome of the new elections was also indecisive, with no party or alliance able to create a strong majority....
13 13th Lok Sabha
13th Lok Sabha

The 13th Lok Sabha is the 13th session of the Lok Sabha. It was convened afterIndian general election, 1999 held during September-October, 1999 and...
 		 Indian general election, 1999
Indian general election, 1999

General Elections were held in India from September 5 to October 3, 1999, a few months after the Kargil War. The 13th Lok Sabha election is of historical importance as it was the first time a united front of parties managed to attain a majority and form a government that lasted a full term of five years, thus ending a period of political inst...
14 14th Lok Sabha
14th Lok Sabha

The 14th Lok Sabha was convened after the Indian general election, 2004 held in four phases during 20 April - 10 May 2004. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India....
 		 Indian general election, 2004
Indian general election, 2004

Legislative elections were held in India, the world's largest democracy, in four phases between April 20 and May 10, 2004. Over 670 million people were eligible to vote, electing 543 members of the 14th Lok Sabha ....
15 15th Lok Sabha
15th Lok Sabha

Members of the 15th Lok Sabha would be elected in 2009 during the Indian general election, 2009 to be held in India....
 		 Indian general election, 2009
Indian general election, 2009

India will hold General elections in India to the 15th Lok Sabha in 5 phases on April 16, April 22, April 23, April 30, May 7 and May 13, 2009. The results of the election will be announced in single phase on May 16, 2009....


See also

  • Rajya Sabha
    Rajya Sabha

    The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Membership is limited to 250 members, 12 of whom are chosen by the President of India for their expertise in specific fields of art, literature, science, and social services....
  • Politics of India
    Politics of India

    Politics of India takes place in a framework of a federation parliamentary system multi-party system representative democracy republic modeled after the United Kingdom Westminster system....
  • List of Indian constituencies
  • Indian general elections 1951-1971
    Indian general elections 1951-1971

    Election to Indian Lok Sabha between the years of 1951 and 1971.Parties are listed in the following order; First listed are parties registered as National parties, secondly parties registered as State parties and then unrecognized parties that won seats....
  • Indian general elections 1977-1999
    Indian general elections 1977-1999

    Parties are listed in the following order; First listed are parties registered as National parties, secondly parties registered as State parties and then unrecognized parties that won seats....
  • Indian general elections, 2004


External links