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Eugenia

 
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Eugenia
 
 
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Eugenia is a genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s in the myrtle family Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae

The Myrtaceae or Myrtle family are a family of dicotyledon plants, placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtus, clove, guava, feijoa, allspice, and eucalyptus belong here....
. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,000 species
Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
 occur in the New World
New World

The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth, specifically the Americas and Australasia. When the term originated in the late 15th century, the Americas were new to the Europeans, who previously thought of the world as consisting only of Europe, Asia, and Africa ....
 tropics, especially in the northern Andes
Andes

The Andes form the world's longest exposed mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. The range is over 7,000 km long, 200-700 km wide , and of an average height of about 4,000 m ....
, the Caribbean
Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America....
, and the Atlantic Forest (coastal forests) of eastern Brazil
Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
. Other centers of diversity include New Caledonia
New Caledonia

New Caledonia , is a "sui generis collectivity" of France located in the subregion of Melanesia in the Oceania. It comprises a main island , the Loyalty Islands, and several smaller islands....
 and Madagascar
Madagascar

Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar , is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the List of islands by area, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more than 80% are Endemism to Madagascar....
. Many species new to science have been and are in the process of being described from these regions.






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Eugenia is a genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s in the myrtle family Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae

The Myrtaceae or Myrtle family are a family of dicotyledon plants, placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtus, clove, guava, feijoa, allspice, and eucalyptus belong here....
. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,000 species
Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
 occur in the New World
New World

The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth, specifically the Americas and Australasia. When the term originated in the late 15th century, the Americas were new to the Europeans, who previously thought of the world as consisting only of Europe, Asia, and Africa ....
 tropics, especially in the northern Andes
Andes

The Andes form the world's longest exposed mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. The range is over 7,000 km long, 200-700 km wide , and of an average height of about 4,000 m ....
, the Caribbean
Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America....
, and the Atlantic Forest (coastal forests) of eastern Brazil
Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
. Other centers of diversity include New Caledonia
New Caledonia

New Caledonia , is a "sui generis collectivity" of France located in the subregion of Melanesia in the Oceania. It comprises a main island , the Loyalty Islands, and several smaller islands....
 and Madagascar
Madagascar

Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar , is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the List of islands by area, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more than 80% are Endemism to Madagascar....
. Many species new to science have been and are in the process of being described from these regions. For example, 37 new species of Eugenia have been described from Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica or Meso-America is a region and cultural area in the Americas, extending approximately from central Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua, within which a number of pre-Columbian society flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries....
 in the past few years. At least 20 new species are currently in the process of being described from New Caledonia, and approximately the same number of species new to science may occur in Madagascar
Madagascar

Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar , is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the List of islands by area, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more than 80% are Endemism to Madagascar....
. Ironically, despite the enormous ecological importance of the myrtle family in Australia
Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
 (e.g. Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of Flowering plant trees in the Myrtus family, Myrtaceae. Members of the genus dominate the tree flora of Australia....
, Corymbia
Corymbia

Corymbia is a genus of about 113 species of tree that were classified as Eucalyptus species until the mid-1990s. It includes the bloodwoods, ghost gums, spotted gums amongst others....
, Angophora
Angophora

Angophora is a genus of ten species of trees or large shrubs in the myrtle family , native to eastern Australia. It is closely related to Corymbia and Eucalyptus, and all three are often referred to as "eucalypts"....
, Melaleuca
Melaleuca

Melaleuca is a genus of plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. There are well over 200 recognized species, most of which are endemic to Australia....
, Callistemon, Rhodamnia, Gossia), only one species of Eugenia, E. reinwardtiana, occurs on that continent. The genus also is represented in Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
 south of the Sahara
Sahara

The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert. At over 9,000,000 square kilometers , it covers most of Northern Africa, making it almost as large as the United States or the continent of Europe....
, but it is relatively species-poor on that continent. In the past some botanists included the morphologically similar Old World
Old World

The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans, Asians, and Africans in the 15th century....
 genus Syzygium
Syzygium

Syzygium is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the Myrtus family, Myrtaceae. The genus comprises about 1100 species, and has a native range that extends from Africa and Madagascar through southern Asia east through the Pacific Ocean....
 in Eugenia, but research by Rudolf Schmid in the early 1970s convinced most botanists that the genera are easily separable. Research by van Wyk and colleagues in South Africa
South Africa

The Republic of South Africa, also known by Official names of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa....
 suggests the genus may be comprised of at least two major lineages, recognizable by anatomical and other features.

All species are woody evergreen
Evergreen

In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant having leaf all year round. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage for part of the year....
 tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s and shrub
Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
s. Several are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruit that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies.

Eugenia species are sometimes used as food plants by the larva
Larva

A larva is a young form of animal with indirect developmental biology, going through or undergoing metamorphosis .The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly....
e of hepialid
Hepialidae

The Hepialidae is a Scientific classification of insects in the lepidopteran Scientific classification. Moths of this family are often referred to as swift moths or ghost moths....
 moth
Moth

A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being of the Order Lepidoptera. The differences between butterflies and moths are more than just taxonomy....
s of the genera Aenetus
Aenetus

Aenetus is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae. There are 24 described species found in Indonesia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia and New Zealand....
 (including A. splendens) and Endoclita
Endoclita

Endoclita is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae. There are 60 described species found in eastern and southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent....
 (including E. damor and E. malabaricus). Aenetus species burrow horizontally into the trunk then vertically down. Other Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is an order of insect that includes moths and butterfly. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterfly, skipper , and Hedylidae....
 larvae which feed on Eugenia include Eupseudosoma aberrans
Eupseudosoma

Eupseudosoma is a genus of moths of the family Arctiidae. The best known and most widespread species is E. involutum, the Snowy Eupseudosoma, a bright white moth which is found from the southern United States right down to the south of South America....
 and Snowy Eupseudosoma
Eupseudosoma

Eupseudosoma is a genus of moths of the family Arctiidae. The best known and most widespread species is E. involutum, the Snowy Eupseudosoma, a bright white moth which is found from the southern United States right down to the south of South America....
.

Selected species

  • Eugenia aurata O.Berg
  • Eugenia aggregata (Cherry of the Rio Grande
    Cherry of the Rio Grande

    The Cherry of the Rio Grande is an evergreen shrub native to Brazil which bears small fruits that are dark red to purple in color and have a sweet cherry-like flavor....
    )
  • Eugenia alternifolia
  • Eugenia atropunctata
  • Eugenia bimarginata DC.
    A. P. de Candolle

    Augustin Pyramus de Candolle also spelt Augustin Pyrame de Candolle was a botanist. The author citation used in citing botanical name he published is "DC."....
  • Eugenia blastantha (O.Berg) D.Legrand
  • Eugenia brasiliensis
  • Eugenia carissoides
    Eugenia carissoides

    The Cedar Bay Cherry, Eugenia carissoides , is a small rainforest tree native to northern Queensland, Australia which are particularly prevalent around Cedar Bay National Park....
     (Cedar Bay Cherry)
  • Eugenia caryophyllata (an alternate species name for the clove
    Clove

    Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisine all over the world....
    )
  • Eugenia cerasiflora Miq.
  • Eugenia confusa
  • Eugenia copacabanensis (Copacabana Beach Pitanga), endangered species from the Rio de Janeiro restinga
    Restinga

    Restinga is a municipality in the state of S?o Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 was 6,188 and the area is 246.37 km?. The elevation is 910 m....
    .
  • Eugenia coronata
  • Eugenia dysenterica DC.
    A. P. de Candolle

    Augustin Pyramus de Candolle also spelt Augustin Pyrame de Candolle was a botanist. The author citation used in citing botanical name he published is "DC."....
  • Eugenia earthiana found recently in Costa Rica, the name refers to the EARTH superior education institution (Escuela de Agricultura de la Región Tropical Húmeda).
  • Eugenia fernandopoana
    Eugenia fernandopoana

    Eugenia fernandopoana is a species of plant in the Myrtaceae family. It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Equatorial Guinea....
  • Eugenia foetida
  • Eugenia hiemalis Cambess.
  • Eugenia jambolana
  • Eugenia jutiapensis
    Eugenia jutiapensis

    Eugenia jutiapensis is a species of plant in the Myrtaceae family. It is found in El Salvador and Guatemala. It is threatened by habitat loss....
  • Eugenia klotzschiana O.Berg
  • Eugenia koolauensis
    Eugenia koolauensis

    Nioi is a species of plant in the Myrtaceae family. It is Endemism to the Hawaiian Islands. It is threatened by habitat loss....
     O.Berg (Nioi)
  • Eugenia kunthiana DC.
    A. P. de Candolle

    Augustin Pyramus de Candolle also spelt Augustin Pyrame de Candolle was a botanist. The author citation used in citing botanical name he published is "DC."....
  • Eugenia ligustrina
  • Eugenia livida O.Berg
  • Eugenia luschnathiana
    Eugenia luschnathiana

    Eugenia luschnathiana is a flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae, native to the state of Bahia, Brazil. The fruit is known as pitomba, and is also called uvalha do campo, ubaid do campo or uvalheira in Brazil....
     (Pitomba)
  • Eugenia malaceensis (Pomarroso)
  • Eugenia monticola
  • Eugenia natalitia
  • Eugenia orbiculata
  • Eugenia pitanga (O.Berg ex Mart.
    Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius

    Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius was a Germany botanist and explorer.Martius was born at Erlangen, where he graduated M.D. in 1814, publishing as his thesis a critical catalogue of plants in the botanic garden of the university....
    ) Kiaersk. (Pitanga)
  • Eugenia pluriflora Mart.
    Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius

    Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius was a Germany botanist and explorer.Martius was born at Erlangen, where he graduated M.D. in 1814, publishing as his thesis a critical catalogue of plants in the botanic garden of the university....
  • Eugenia polyantha
  • Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth
    Carl Sigismund Kunth

    Carl Sigismund Kunth was a Germany botanist. He is known for being one of the first to study and categorise plants from the Americas continents, publishing Nova genera et species plantarum quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt Bonpland et Humboldt ....
    ) DC.
    A. P. de Candolle

    Augustin Pyramus de Candolle also spelt Augustin Pyrame de Candolle was a botanist. The author citation used in citing botanical name he published is "DC."....
  • Eugenia racemulosa O.Berg
  • Eugenia reinwardtiana (Mountain Stopper)
  • Eugenia sprengelii
  • Eugenia stipitata
    Eugenia stipitata

    Eugenia stipitata is a fruit tree native to Amazon Rainforest vegetation in Brazil....
     (Arazá)
  • Eugenia supra-axillaris
  • Eugenia uniflora (Surinam Cherry
    Surinam Cherry

    The Surinam Cherry, Brazilian Cherry, or Cayenne Cherry is a plant in the family Myrtaceae, native to tropical America. Known as Pitanga throughout Brazil, it is a large shrub or small tree with a conical form, growing slowly to 8 meters in height....
    )
  • Eugenia uruguayensis Cambess.
  • Eugenia uvalha
    Eugenia uvalha

    Eugenia uvalha is a plant of the family Myrtaceae found primarily in Brazil. It reaches 20 to 45 feet in height and 1 to 1.5 feet in trunk diameter....
  • Eugenia zeyheri
    Eugenia zeyheri

    Eugenia zeyheri is a species of plant in the Myrtaceae family. It is Endemism to South Africa....